Editing Chuck Stone

{{Short description|Tuskegee Airman and journalist (1924–2014)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          = Chuck Stone
| image         = File:Chuck Stone T.jpeg
| caption       = Chuck Stone
| birth_name    = Charles Sumner Stone, Jr.
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1924|07|21}}
| birth_place   = [[St. Louis, Missouri]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|2014|4|06|1924|07|21}}
| death_place   = near [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| nickname      = 
| allegiance    = [[United States]]
| branch        = [[United States Army Air Forces]], Tuskegee Airman
| serviceyears  = 
| rank          = 
| unit          = 
| commands      = 
| battles       = [[World War II]]
| awards        = Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Tuskegee Airmen
| alma_mater    = [[Wesleyan University]]<br/>[[University of Chicago]]
| relations     = 
| laterwork     = newspaper editor, columnist, professor of journalism, author
}}
'''Charles Sumner "Chuck" Stone, Jr.''' (July 21, 1924 – April 6, 2014) was an American pilot, newspaper editor, journalism professor, and author. He was a member of the [[Tuskegee Airmen]] during [[World War II]] and was the first president of the [[National Association of Black Journalists]], serving from 1975 to 1977.<ref>[http://www.nabj.org/?page=presidents&terms=%22chuck+and+stone%22 "NABJ Presidents (Chuck Stone, 1975–1977)."]. ''www.nabj.org.'' Retrieved May 4, 2017.</ref> Passionate about racial issues and supportive of many liberal causes, he refused to follow any party line, "but called the issues as he saw them."<ref name=tom>[[Thomas Sowell|Sowell, Thomas]]. [https://townhall.com/columnists/thomassowell/2014/04/11/chuck-stone-19242014-n1822580 "Chuck Stone (1924–2014)."] [[TownHall.com]], April 11, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2017.</ref>

==Early life==
Chuck Stone was born July 21, 1924, in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], to Charles Sumner Stone Sr and Madeline Chafin and raised in [[Hartford, Connecticut]].<ref name=tand>Jackson, Dennis. [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00064246.1997.11430840? His mother Madeline Chafin was a mixture of African American, Haitian Creole, English, French and Native American descent. needAccess=true&journalCode=rtbs20 "'The Outspoken Mr. Stone': A Conversation With Chuck Stone."] [[The Black Scholar]] 27:1, 1997. 38–57. ''www.tandfonline.com'', April 14, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2017.</ref> His father was a business manager for a nearby college, and his mother was a payroll officer for the Hartford Board of Education. Stone graduated from Hartford Public High School in 1942 with honors, and from there proceeded to go into the army.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=The History Makers |date=2005-08-04 |title=Chuck Stone; Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/chuck-stone-41 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=The History Makers}}</ref>  Stone served in [[World War II]], where he was member of the [[Tuskegee Airmen]]. He had already been admitted to [[Harvard University]] after completing his military service, but chose instead to matriculate at [[Wesleyan University]], receiving degrees in political science and economics.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727150416/http://www.openingdoorschanginglives.org/pdfs/COFHE.CStone.pdf "Charles Sumner Stone, Jr.: Wesleyan University, Class of 1948.] [[Archive.org]]. Retrieved May 4, 2017.</ref> He was the first [[African-American]] undergraduate in several decades at Wesleyan, graduating in the class of 1948 and serving as the commencement speaker. Stone subsequently received a master's degree in sociology from the [[University of Chicago]]. After completing his education, he worked for the Chicago department store [[Carson's|Carson Pirie Scott]], serving as the store's first African-American executive. He then studied law for eighteen months at the [[University of Connecticut]] before spending two years in [[Egypt]], [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], and [[India]] as a representative for [[CARE (relief agency)|CARE]].<ref name=tand/>

==Professional career==
===Journalist and educator===
Chuck Stone's career in journalism began in 1958, when his friend Al Duckett, then editor of ''[[The New York Age]]'', hired him as a reporter, and then promoted him to editor. Stone also wrote articles for the ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]]'' and the Washington D.C. edition of the ''[[Baltimore Afro-American|Afro-American]]'' before being hired as editor-in-chief of ''[[The Chicago Defender]]'' in August 1963.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ethan |last=Michaeli|title=The Defender: How the Legendary Black Newspaper Changed America|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|date=2016|page= 377}}</ref>

Years later, Stone worked as a columnist for The ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' from 1972 to 1991. Stone was very critical of the [[Philadelphia Police Department]]'s record of brutality towards African-Americans, which made him a trusted [[Intermediary|middleman]] between Philadelphia police and criminal suspects, more than 75 of whom 'surrendered' to Stone rather than to the cops.<ref name=tom/><ref name=surrender>{{cite web|last=Abe|first=Daudi|url= http://www.blackpast.org/aah/stone-charles-sumner-jr-chuck-1924-2014 |title=Stone, Charles Sumner, Jr. 'Chuck' (1924–2014)|website=[[BlackPast.org]]|date=May 9, 2014 |access-date= September 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name=memory>{{cite web|url=http://www1.udel.edu/udaily/2014/apr/InMemoriam041114.html|title=In memoriam: UD colleagues remember Chuck Stone|website=www1.udel.edu|date=April 11, 2014|access-date= October 23, 2014}}</ref> 

In 1975, he was the [[Matthew Lyle Spencer|M. Lyle Spencer]] Visiting Professor of Journalism in the [[S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications]] at [[Syracuse University]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Alphas on the move |journal=The Sphinx |date=February 1975 |volume=61 |issue=1 |page=29 |url=https://issuu.com/apa1906network/docs/197506101/31 |access-date=28 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He taught journalism at the [[University of Delaware]] for seven years,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.udel.edu/PR/UpDate/98/24/chuck.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805224726/http://www.udel.edu/PR/UpDate/98/24/chuck.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-05 |title=Chuck Stone to speak April 3 on hate speech|work=University of Delaware UpDate|volume=17|number=24|date=March 19, 1998|access-date= May 4, 2017}}</ref><ref name=memory/> and from 1986 to 1988 he served as the House Advisor for the [[Martin Luther King]] Humanities House at the [[University of Delaware]]. Stone later became the Walter Spearman Professor at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]], where he retired in 2005.

Stone was nominated twice for the [[Pulitzer Prize]], and was inducted into the [[National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame]] in August 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/chuck-stone-41 |title=EducationMakers, MediaMakers: Chuck Stone|work=[[HistoryMakers]]|date=August 4, 2005|access-date= May 4, 2017}}</ref> On March 29, 2007, Stone attended a ceremony in the [[United States Capitol rotunda]], where he and the other veteran Tuskegee Airmen (or their widows) were awarded the [[Congressional Gold Medal]] by President [[George W. Bush]] in recognition of the Airmen's service during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Douglas|first= William|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/nation/2007/03/30/WWII-black-pilots-Tuskegee-Airmen-get-top-civilian-honor/stories/200703300127|title=WWII black pilots, Tuskegee Airmen, get top civilian honor|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=March 30, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2017}}</ref>

Stone was known for his passionate and bold personality. The New York Times refers to him as the "Fiery, Trusted Columnist"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weber |first=Bruce |date=2014-04-07 |title=Chuck Stone, a Fiery, Trusted Columnist in Philadelphia, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/business/media/chuck-stone-89-fiery-columnist-dies.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> and journalist Dennis Jackson once did a segment on him titled, "The Outspoken Mr. Stone."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Dennis |date=1997 |title='The Outspoken Mr. Stone': A Conversation With Chuck Stone. |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1997.11430840 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–57 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1997.11430840 |via=Taylor & Francis Online|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Civil rights===
Chuck Stone became associated with the [[Civil Rights Movement]] and the [[Black Power movement]] while working as an editor at [[Harlem]]'s ''New York Age'', the [[Washington, D.C.]] ''Afro-American'', and the [[Chicago]] ''Daily Defender.''  He also served three years as a special assistant and speechwriter for Rep. [[Adam Clayton Powell Jr.]] of the 22nd congressional district of New York, chair of the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] Education and Labor Committee. In 1966 Stone was a member of a [[steering committee]] organized by Powell to discuss the meaning of the Black Power Movement.<ref name=power>[[Maulana Karenga|Karenga, Maulana]]. [https://lasentinel.net/remembering-audacious-black-power-revisiting-the-model-and-meaning.html "Remembering Audacious Black Power: Revisiting the Model and Meaning."] ''[[Los Angeles Sentinel]], July 13, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2017.</ref>

In addition, he often served as a mediator between criminals and the police for over 20 years. His most notable role was during the negotiation of the 5-day [[State Correctional Institution – Graterford|Graterford Prison]] hostage crisis of 1981, in which Stone entered negotiations on day 4 of a stalemate between escaped prisoners and 29 hostages. Stone served as a go-between and successfully negotiated the end of the stand-off, for which he "gained wide credibility."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robbins |first=William |date=1981-11-03 |title=Six Hostages Freed Unhurt After 5 Days of Prisoners' Siege |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/03/us/six-hostages-freed-unhurt-after-5-days-of-prisoners-siege.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

His book, "Black Political Power in America,"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Chuck |title=Black Political Power in America |date=1968 |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |asin=B0006BW47U}}</ref> analyzes ethnic political power as seen in the United States and encourages Black citizens to vote in a block in order to consolidate their voice in America, much as the Italians and Irish did in the past. This work, along with "Tell It Like It Is"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Charles (Chuck) |title=Tell It Like It Is |date=1970-02-01 |publisher=Pocket Books |isbn=978-0671770891}}</ref> and his other articles, draw attention to the racial inequalities in America and advocate for change.
On May 5, 2025 he was posthumously awarded a special citation by the Pulitzer Prizes.

==Awards==
*[[Congressional Gold Medal]] awarded to Tuskegee Airmen in 2006<ref name="Kruzel">{{cite web |last1=Kruzel |first1=John J. |title=President, Congress Honor Tuskegee Airmen |url=https://www.army.mil/article/2476/president_congress_honor_tuskegee_airmen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725204447/https://www.army.mil/article/2476/president_congress_honor_tuskegee_airmen |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2019 |website=Army |date=March 30, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Army |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>

* Nominated twice for [[Pulitzer Prize]]<ref name=":0" />
* Free Spirit Award from the [[Freedom Forum]] 1993<ref name=":0" />
* Thomas Jefferson Award from [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill]] 2002<ref name=":0" />
* Trailblazer Award from Greensboro's Sit-In Movement, Inc. 2005<ref name=":0" />
* Special Citation on 2025 Pulitzer Prize Awards

==Personal life==
Stone was a member of [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] fraternity. He was a member of the fraternity's [[World Policy Council]], a [[think tank]] whose purpose is to expand Alpha Phi Alpha's involvement in politics, and social and current policy to encompass international concerns.<ref>[http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/chuck-stone-journalist-excellence "Chuck Stone, journalist of excellence."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213533/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/chuck-stone-journalist-excellence |date=April 8, 2014 }} ''www.aaregistry.org.'' Retrieved May 4, 2017.</ref> He was married to Louise Davis Stone for 49 years before they divorced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chuckstonethemix2020.web.unc.edu/about-chuck-stone/|title = About Chuck Stone &#124; Chuck Stone Program for Diversity in Media and Education}}</ref> They are the parents of Krishna Stone, Allegra Stone and [[Charles Stone III]], creator and star of the Budweiser "Whassup!" television commercials, and director of movies such as ''[[Drumline (film)|Drumline]]'', ''[[Mr. 3000]]'', and ''[[Paid in Full (2002 film)|Paid In Full]]''.

==Death and legacy==
Stone died April 6, 2014, at the age of 89. He was survived by his three children, one grandchild, and two sisters.<ref>Weig, Andrea. [http://www.thestate.com/news/local/civil-rights/article13846388.html "UNC journalism professor Chuck Stone dies at 89."] ''www.thestate.com'', April 6, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2017.</ref><ref>Weil, Martin. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/charles-s-stone-jr-journalist-and-professor-dies-at-89/2014/04/06/94d1684a-bdda-11e3-b195-dd0c1174052c_story.html "Charles S. Stone Jr., journalist and professor, dies at 89."] ''[[The Washington Post]]'', April 6, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2017.</ref> Bob Butler, president of the NABJ from 2013 to 2015, has named Stone to be the "guiding force behind the NABJ,"<ref>{{Cite web |last=WRAL |date=2014-05-04 |title=Bob Butler on Chuck Stone |url=https://www.wral.com/video/news/local/video/13618064/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=WRAL.com |language=en}}</ref>  and the key to the organization's longevity. Butler has credited Stone with helping to improve diversity in newsroom management, stating that "what (diversity) does exist is because of Chuck and the other founders of the NABJ."<ref name=room>Berry, Scott. [http://www.nabj.org/news/news.asp?id=167753&hhSearchTerms=%22Stone%22 "NABJ Mourns the Loss of Founder and Celebrated Journalist Chuck Stone."] ''www.nabj.org'', April 6, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2017.</ref> The Chuck Stone Program for Diversity in Education and Media is a workshop for rising high school seniors at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media, formerly known as the School of Journalism and Mass Communication.  The program, which began in 2007, honors the legacy of Chuck Stone, who retired from the school in 2005.<ref>[http://chuckstone.web.unc.edu/ "Chuck Stone Program for Diversity in Education and Media."] ''www.mj.unc.edu.'' Retrieved August 16, 2007.</ref> The Chuck Stone Papers are housed in the [[Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library]] as part of the [[John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies|John Hope Franklin Center]] at [[Duke University]].<ref>[http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/stonechuck/ "Inventory of the Chuck Stone Papers, 1931–2007 and undated."] ''www.library.duke.edu.'' Retrieved August 16, 2007.</ref>

In 2025, the [https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2025 "Pulitzer Prize"] gave Chuck Stone a special citation: "A special citation is awarded to the late Chuck Stone for his groundbreaking work as a journalist covering the Civil Rights Movement, his pioneering role as the first Black columnist at the Philadelphia Daily News–later syndicated to nearly 100 publications–and for co-founding the National Association of Black Journalists 50 years ago."

==Written works==
===Non-fiction===
* ''Tell It Like It Is.'' [[Trident Press]], 1967. {{ASIN|B0006BUBAC}}.
* ''Black Political Power in America.'' [[Bobbs-Merrill Company]], 1968. {{ASIN|B0006BW47U}}.
* "Black Political Power in the Carter Era".  ''The Black Scholar'' (19776<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stone |first=Chuck |date=1977-06-15 |title=Black Political Power in the Carter Era |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41066097 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1977.11413878 |jstor=41066097 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Fiction===
* ''King Strut'' ([[novel]]). Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1970. {{ASIN|B0006CF6VK}}.
* ''Squizzy the Black Squirrel: A Fabulous Fable of Friendship.'' Open Hand Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|0940880717}}{{ISBN?}}.<ref name=squizzy>[http://www.openhand.com/squizzy.php "Squizzy the Black Squirrel: A Fabulous Fable of Friendship."] ''www.openhand.com.'' Retrieved October 22, 2017.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Executive Order 9981]]
* [[List of Tuskegee Airmen]]
* [[Military history of African Americans]]
* [[The Tuskegee Airmen|''The Tuskegee Airmen'' (movie)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dennis Jackson. ''Chuck Stone: Man in the Middle: A Story of "Audacious Black Power" in the Newsroom''
* Thomson Gale. ''[[Contemporary Black Biography]].'' [[Detroit]]: [[Gail Research Inc.]], 2005. {{ISBN|0787679224}}.

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035517/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/video?id=7609155 Part One of 1990 WABC-TV ''Like It Is'' interview with Chuck Stone]
*[https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/stonechuck Chuck Stone papers, 1931–2007, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University]

{{Tuskegee Airmen}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stone, Chuck}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Wesleyan University alumni]]
[[Category:Tuskegee Airmen]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces officers]]
[[Category:Aviators from Missouri]]
[[Category:African-American aviators]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty]]
[[Category:Syracuse University faculty]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American people]]