Editing Chulyms

{{short description|Turkic ethnic group of Russia}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Chulyms
| image            = [[File:Chulym flag.svg|Chulym flag|250px]]
| population       = 
| region1          = {{flag|Russia}}
• {{flag|Tomsk Oblast}}
• {{flag|Krasnoyarsk Krai}}
| pop1             = 382
| ref1             = <ref> [["Национальный состав населения".]] [https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx] [[Federal State Statistic Service]] [[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)]]   {{in lang|ru}}
</ref>
| region2          = 
| pop2             = 
| ref2             = 
| region3          = 
| pop3             = 
| ref3             = 
| region4          = 
| pop4             = 
| ref4             = 
| rels             = [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox]], and [[Shamanism]]
| langs            = [[Chulym language|Chulym]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| related          = [[Khakas]], [[Fuyu Kyrgyz people|Fuyu Kyrgyz]], [[Siberian Tatars]], [[Shors]], [[Chelkans]], [[Kumandins]], [[Tubalars]], 
}}
[[File:Chulym region.png|thumb|Distribution of Chulyms in 16th, 19th and 20th centuries]]
The '''Chulyms''', also '''Chulym Tatars''' or '''Tom Karagas''' (self-designation: Сыбырлар, ''Sıbırlar''), are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]] in the [[Tomsk Oblast]] and [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] in [[Russia]]. In 2021, there were 382 Chulyms in Russia.

==History==
The Chulym Tatars first came to the [[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] when they were driven from their homes in the [[Sibir Khanate]] by the forces of [[Ermak Timofeevich]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wixman|first=Ronald|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpcuDwAAQBAJ&q=chulym+tatar&pg=PA48|title=Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1-315-47540-0|pages=48|language=en}}</ref> They used to live along the middle and lower reaches of the [[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] (tributary of the [[Ob River]]). The [[Russians]] used to call them the Chulymian [[Tatars]]. The Chulyms appeared in the 16th century as a result of mixing of some of the [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] groups, who had migrated to the East after the fall of the [[Khanate of Sibir]], partially [[Teleuts]], [[Yenisei Kyrgyz]] and groups of [[Zabolotnie Tatars|Tobolsk Tatars]].<ref name=":0" />

During the 16th century, the Russian conquered the Chulyms and their newly settled land. In 1720, the Chulyms were forcefully converted to Christianity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Chulym Tatars|url=https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/chulym_tatars.shtml|access-date=2020-09-05|website=www.eki.ee|publisher=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]}}</ref> In the early 19th century, the Chulyms were mandated by an edict from the Russian authorities to increase their productivity which further disenfranchised them as they were already burdened with heavy taxation. Under Soviet rule, the Chulyms were [[Collective farming|collectivized]] and forced to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. The ideologies of the Soviet government were also imposed upon the Chulyms and their culture.<ref name=":0" /> Most of the Chulyms' descendants blended with the [[Khakas people|Khakas]] and Russians.

== Culture ==
They speak [[Chulym language|Chulym]]-Turkic language known as Ös and adhere to a religious mixture of [[Sunni Islam]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] and [[Shamanism]].

The Chulyms were originally hunters and trappers. However, modernization has changed their livelihood and they mainly work in factories, tanneries and sawmills.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Olson|first1=James Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&q=chulym+tatar&pg=PA162|title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires|last2=Pappas|first2=Lee Brigance|last3=Pappas|first3=Nicholas Charles|last4=Pappas|first4=Nicholas C. J.|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1995|isbn=978-0-313-27497-8|pages=162|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Siberian Tatars]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia#Turkic peoples|Turkic peoples of Siberia]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas and Nicholas Charles Pappas. "''An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires''". [[Greenwood Press]], 1994. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&pg=PA162&dq=Chulym+tatars&hl=tr&sig=ByK2UlBiEwp2WOKD9ApusJyfdRM ''page 162'']
{{refend}}

{{Turkic peoples}}
{{Indigenous peoples of Russia}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chulym}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Turkic peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Siberia]]
[[Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Siberia]]


{{Asia-ethno-group-stub}}