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Clare Martin
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{{Short description|Australian politician}} {{About||people with a similarly spelled name|Claire Martin (disambiguation)|the hockey player|Clare Martin (ice hockey)}} {{Use Australian English|date=August 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{BLP sources|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]] | name = Clare Martin | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AO}} | image = Clare Martin (7856638174).jpg | caption = Martin in 2012 | order = 7th | office = Chief Minister of the Northern Territory | term_start = 27 August 2001 | term_end = 26 November 2007 | deputy = [[Syd Stirling]] | predecessor = [[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Denis Burke]] | successor = [[Paul Henderson (politician)|Paul Henderson]] | constituency = [[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]] | majority = | birth_name = Clare Majella Martin | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1952|6|15}} | birth_place = [[Lindfield, New South Wales|Lindfield]], New South Wales | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Australian | party = [[Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|Labor Party]] | spouse = David Alderman | relations = | children = 2 | residence = | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = Journalist | religion = | cabinet = [[Martin Ministry]] | website = | footnotes = }} '''Clare Majella Martin''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} (born 15 June 1952) is a former Australian journalist and politician. She was elected to the [[Northern Territory Legislative Assembly]] in a shock by-election win in 1995. She was appointed Opposition Leader in 1999, and won a surprise victory at the [[2001 Northern Territory general election|2001 territory election]], becoming the first [[Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|Labor Party]] (ALP) and first female [[Chief Minister of the Northern Territory]]. At the [[2005 Northern Territory general election|2005 election]], she led Territory Labor to the second-largest majority government in the history of the Territory, before resigning as Chief Minister on 26 November 2007. ==Early life== Martin was one of ten children.<ref name="bio"/> Her parents were [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]] and [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labor Party]] supporters.<ref name="asn">Finnane, Kieran: [http://www.alicespringsnews.com.au/0917.html Ideals a family tradition for Clare Martin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829162218/http://www.alicespringsnews.com.au/0917.html |date=29 August 2007 }}, ''[[Alice Springs News]]'', 29 May 2002.</ref> Her uncle, [[Kevin Cairns (politician)|Kevin Cairns]], was a [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] minister and [[Australian House of Representatives|MP]] in the [[William McMahon|McMahon]] government, but the family was not inclined towards his conservative politics. Martin's ancestry includes the Coughlin family, which also had NSW's first female statistician and the noted test cricketer [[Victor Trumper]]. The family was originally from [[County Offaly]], Ireland, until the [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]] invasion, then left [[County Cork]] in the 1850s just after the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]. After attending [[Loreto Normanhurst]], Martin graduated from the [[University of Sydney]] in 1975 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, in which her major study was Music.<ref name="bio"/> ==Pre-political career== Having spent time in London and other overseas cities, she began working as a typist for the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] in Sydney in 1978. In 1979, she became a trainee reporter.<ref name="bio"/> After several years, she began to take an interest in presenting, but was told that she would not be given a position in Sydney unless she had experience elsewhere {{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}. In February 1983,<ref name="bio"/> Martin was then offered a six-month position {{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} presenting a morning radio show in [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] for the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC Radio]] station [[105.7 ABC Darwin|5DR]]. She had little intention of staying there, and briefly returned to [[Canberra]] in May 1983,<ref name="bio"/> before being offered a job in Sydney. However, at the same time, Martin's partner was offered a partner's position at the law firm he had worked in Darwin. He liked living in Darwin and was keen to take up the position, so Martin agreed to decline the Sydney job and return to Darwin in May 1985 where she gained another position on an ABC Radio morning show.<ref name="bio"/> In 1986, Martin made the move to television, as the presenter of ''[[The 7.30 Report]]'' until 1988. After returning from long service leave where she cared for her two young children,<ref name="bio">[http://www.nt.alp.org.au/people/nt/martin_clare.php Clare Martin ALP biography] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708153200/http://www.nt.alp.org.au/people/nt/martin_clare.php |date=8 July 2007}}</ref> Martin returned to work in 1990 to work on ABC Radio's morning program.<ref name="bio"/> ==Political career== {{NT parlbox header}} {{NT parlbox|term=7th|start=[[1995 Fannie Bay by-election|1995]]|end=1997|party=Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|electorate=[[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]]}} {{NT parlbox|term=8th|start={{NT election link|1997}}|end=2001|party=Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|electorate=[[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]]}} {{NT parlbox|term=9th|start={{NT election link|2001}}|end=2005|party=Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|electorate=[[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]]}} {{NT parlbox|term=10th|start={{NT election link|2005}}|end=2008|party=Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|electorate=[[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]]}} |} Martin had been interested in political journalism for some years, although she was not a member of any party, believing that party affiliation compromises journalistic integrity.<ref name="asn" /> In 1994, she was approached to contest the [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] [[Northern Territory Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] seat of [[Electoral division of Casuarina|Casuarina]] for the [[Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)|Labor Party]] at the [[1994 Northern Territory general election|1994 election]]. However, she was defeated by [[Country Liberal Party]] candidate [[Peter Adamson (Australian politician)|Peter Adamson]]. She soon resigned from the party and returned to journalism, but when former CLP Chief Minister [[Marshall Perron]] resigned from his Darwin seat of [[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]], Martin opted to contest the ensuing by-election as the Labor candidate. Fannie Bay, like most Darwin electorates, had been a CLP stronghold; Perron held it with a majority of 8 percent. However, in a considerable upset, Martin went on to win the seat by 69 votes, becoming one of only two ALP MLAs in Darwin. Martin worked hard to retain her seat at the [[1997 Northern Territory general election|1997 election]], and was successful, holding Fannie Bay despite a heavy defeat for the ALP. She subsequently served as Shadow Minister for Lands under then leader [[Maggie Hickey]]. When Hickey unexpectedly resigned in February 1999, Martin was in a position to succeed her, and was soon elected party leader, and hence Opposition Leader. She soon emerged as a vocal critic of the [[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Burke]] government's policy of [[mandatory sentencing]], and began preparing the ALP for the next election, which was then two years away. ==Term as Chief Minister== Martin faced her first electoral test as leader at the [[2001 Northern Territory legislative election|2001]] election. At the time, the Country Liberal Party had held office for 27 years, and Labor had never come particularly close to government. Indeed, it had never managed to win more than nine seats at any election. However, the ALP was coming off a particularly successful eighteen months, and Martin ran a skilled campaign. She was also able to take advantage of a number of gaffes made by then-Chief Minister [[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Denis Burke]], such as the decision to preference [[One Nation (Australia)|One Nation]] over the ALP โ which lost the CLP a number of votes in crucial Darwin seats. The election also came during a bad time for the federal Coalition government, which was under fire for introducing a [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]] after previously vowing not to do so. Despite this, most commentators were predicting the CLP would be returned for a ninth term in government, albeit with a reduced majority. However, in a shock result, Labor scored an eight-seat swing, achieving majority government by one seat. It did so on the strength of an unexpected Labor wave in Darwin. Labor had gone into the election holding only two seats in the capitalโthose of Martin and [[Paul Henderson (politician)|Paul Henderson]]โand had never held more than two seats in Darwin at any time. In the 2001 election, however, Labor took all but one seat in Darwin, including all seven seats in the northern part of the city. Darwin's northern suburbs are somewhat more diverse than the rest of the city. In the process, they ousted four sitting MLAs; Labor had not unseated a CLP incumbent since 1980.<ref>[[Antony Green|Green, Antony]]. [http://www.abc.net.au/elections/nt/2005/guide/summary.htm 2005 election summary]. [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]], 15 April 2005.</ref> Although the CLP won a bare majority of the two-party vote, Labor's gains in Darwin were enough to make Martin the first ALP and first female Chief Minister in the history of the Northern Territory. Martin herself was reelected with a healthy swing of 9.2 percent in Fannie Bay, turning it into a safe Labor seat in one stroke. As Chief Minister, Martin immediately set about making changes, repealing the territory's controversial mandatory sentencing laws,<ref name="smh"/> and introducing [[freedom of information legislation]], which had been neglected during the CLP's 27-year rule. {{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} ===Aboriginal issues=== Although Martin appointed [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] Territorians to her cabinet, she has been criticised for not improving the lot of her Aboriginal constituents, who on average have a life expectancy well below that of white Australians. A respected commentator in ''[[The Bulletin (Australian periodical)|The Bulletin]]'' suggested that she had gone slow on Aboriginal issues because she feared a white backlash that could have resulted in her government being toppled.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} The life expectancy of the Northern Territory's Aboriginal citizens did not increase markedly during Martin's administration. {{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} Alcohol abuse continued to be a major issue in Aboriginal communities and third-world diseases like [[trachoma]] could be seen in remote Aboriginal townships.<ref>{{cite journal| url = http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/175_07_011001/taylor/taylor.html| title = eMJA: Taylor, Trachoma in Australia| journal = Medical Journal of Australia| date = 25 September 2001| volume = 175| issue = 7| last1 = Taylor| first1 = Hugh R.| pages = 371โ372| doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143622.x| pmid = 11700815| s2cid = 46535213| url-access = subscription}}</ref> However, in 2006, Martin rejected accusations by [[John Howard]] and Federal Indigenous Affairs Minister, [[Mal Brough]], that her government had been underfunding Aboriginal communities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22008970-17001,00.html | title=Clare Martin denies underfunding Aboriginal communities โ NEWS.com.au }} {{Dead link|date=June 2012|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> A summit between the federal and territory governments was proposed by Mal Brough in May 2006, but this was snubbed by Martin.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2006/s1642122.htm| title = Lateline โ 18 May 2006: Martin snubs summit| website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]| date = 18 May 2006}}</ref> Martin was critical of the Federal Government's intervention in Aboriginal communities as announced in 2007. She opposed certain aspects of the intervention such as removal of the permit system. In response, the Federal Government rejected the Territory's argument, saying it was essential to remove artificial barriers to Aboriginal townships that prevent the measures needed to improve living conditions for Indigenous children<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2007/s1973945.htm| title = PM โ NT changes stance on Federal Indigenous plan| website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> ===Achievements=== In the longer term, she oversaw the completion of the [[the Ghan|Adelaide-Darwin railway]], which had begun under the [[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Burke government]], and vowed to resurrect the stalled statehood movement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/nt/content/2003/s862748.htm |title=Stateline Northern Territory |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=16 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521201247/http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/nt/content/2003/s862748.htm |archive-date=21 May 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She also managed to markedly boost the ALP's standing among the electorate, as seen in the [[2003 Katherine by-election]], which saw a major swing to the party. By 2005, the Northern Territory, under Martin's leadership, had achieved the following: * the highest economic growth in Australia at 7.2 per cent * the lowest small business taxes * record population growth * the highest building approval rates *surging house prices and record levels of home ownership. * Property crime almost halved * Approval for $1 billion development of Darwin wharf precinct<ref name="smh">{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/The-race-is-on/2005/06/16/1118869048130.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=The race is on | date=17 June 2005}}</ref> As Chief Minister, Martin led the ALP to the [[2005 Northern Territory legislative election|2005 election]], which was their first as an incumbent government in the Territory. Martin campaigned largely on law and order issues. It was predicted that the ALP would win a relatively narrow victory. However, in a result that had not been predicted by any commentators or even the most optimistic Labor observers, Martin led the ALP to a smashing victory. The final result gave 19 seats to the ALP, 4 to the opposition CLP and 2 to independents. The ALP won six seats from the CLP, four of which they had never won before in any election. Two of them were in [[Palmerston, Northern Territory|Palmerston]], an area where Labor had never previously come close to winning. In the most unexpected victory of all, the ALP even managed to unseat the [[Opposition Leader of the Northern Territory|Opposition Leader]] and former Chief Minister, Burke, in his own Palmerston-area electorate. Labor won the second-largest majority government in the history of the Territory, bettered only by the CLP's near-sweep of the Legislative Assembly at the first elections, in 1974. On 10 September 2007, [[Premier of Queensland|Queensland Premier]] [[Peter Beattie]] announced he would leave politics that week. This left Martin as Labor's longest-serving current state or territory leader, and as the longest-serving state or territory head of government in Australia, until she herself announced her resignation on 26 November 2007. ===Resignation=== On 26 November 2007, Clare Martin and her deputy [[Syd Stirling]] announced their resignations at a media conference in Darwin.<ref>Murdoch, Lindsay: [http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/clare-martin-and-deputy-quit/2007/11/26/1195975915525.html Clare Martin and deputy quit], ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 26 November 2007.</ref> Education Minister [[Paul Henderson (politician)|Paul Henderson]] was elected as the new leader and Chief Minister by the ALP caucus.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071128102603/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/26/2101345.htm Henderson confirmed as new NT Chief Minister], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 26 November 2007.</ref> ==Post-political career== In 2008, Martin became chief executive officer of the [[Australian Council of Social Service]], based in Sydney.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-10-31/clare-martin-faces-new-challenges/189242|title=Clare Martin faces new challenges|work=ABC News|date=31 October 2008}}</ref> In August 2010 she returned to the Northern Territory to become a Professorial Fellow in the Public and Social Policy Research Institute at [[Charles Darwin University]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/09/2868275.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121133535/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/09/2868275.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2010|title='Clare's back': Ex-Chief Minister returns|work=ABC News|date=9 April 2010}}</ref> In June 2019, she was appointed as an Officer of the [[Order of Australia]] for distinguished service to the people and Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory, and as a community advocate.<ref name="ao">{{cite web |title=Clare Majella MARTIN AO |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2004731 |website=Australian Honours Search Facility |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of female heads of government in Australia]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== * VIDEO: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090728193255/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/fora/stories/2009/07/10/2614992.htm Clare Martin talks at the Whitlam Institute about the GFC and the long-term unemployed] on [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515111448/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/fora/default.htm ABC Fora] * {{Australian Women and Leadership|WLE0312b|Martin, Clare Majella}} {{S-start}} {{S-par|au-nt}} {{s-bef|before=[[Marshall Perron]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Member for [[Electoral division of Fannie Bay|Fannie Bay]]|years=1995โ2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Michael Gunner]]}} {{S-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Maggie Hickey]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Northern Territory)|Opposition Leader of the Northern Territory]]|years=1999โ2001}} {{s-aft|after=[[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Denis Burke]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Denis Burke (Australian politician)|Denis Burke]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of the Northern Territory]]|years=2001โ2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Paul Henderson (politician)|Paul Henderson]]}} {{S-end}} {{Chief Ministers of the Northern Territory}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Clare}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Chief ministers of the Northern Territory]] [[Category:Members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly]] [[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly]] [[Category:University of Sydney alumni]] [[Category:Politicians from Sydney]] [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Northern Territory]] [[Category:Treasurers of the Northern Territory]] [[Category:Academic staff of Charles Darwin University]] [[Category:Officers of the Order of Australia]] [[Category:21st-century Australian women politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]] [[Category:Women heads of government of Australian states and territories]] [[Category:Women members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly]] [[Category:Australian women television journalists]] [[Category:Journalists from Sydney]]
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