Editing Clio

{{Short description|Muse of history in Ancient Greek mythology}}
{{other uses|Clio (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox deity
| type         = Greek
| name         = Clio
| deity_of     = Goddess of history and lyre playing
| member_of    = The [[Muses]]
| abode        = [[Mount Olympus]]
| image        = Palestra grande di pompei, affreschi di Moregine, primo triclinio , IV stile, epoca neroniana, le muse 03 clio.jpg
| symbols      = Scrolls, books
| caption      = Clio on an antique fresco from [[Pompeii]]
| parents      = [[Zeus]] and [[Mnemosyne]]
| siblings     = [[Euterpe]], [[Polyhymnia]], [[Urania]], [[Calliope]], [[Erato]], [[Thalia (Muse)|Thalia]], [[Terpsichore]], [[Melpomene]] and [[Zeus#Offspring|several paternal half-siblings]]
| consort      = [[Pierus]]
| children     = [[Hymen (god)|Hymenaeus]], [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinthus]]
}}
[[File:Afbeelding van Clio.jpg|thumb|349x349px|Print of Clio, made in the 16th–17th century. Preserved at the [[Ghent University Library]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clio|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:B3CC4648-A6A8-11E6-B1A4-293ED43445F2#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-3760,-343,12270,6851|access-date=2020-09-28|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>]]

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Clio''' ({{small|traditionally}} {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|aɪ|oʊ}},<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/newcenturyclassi00aver/page/304/mode/2up |page=304 |title=New Century Classical Handbook|editor-first=Catherine B. |editor-last=Avery |publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts |location=New York |year=1962}}</ref> {{small|but now more frequently}} {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|iː|oʊ}}; {{langx|el|Κλειώ}}), also spelled '''Kleio''', '''Сleio''', or '''Cleo''',<ref name=Comp>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Harvey, Paul |title=Clio/Kleio |encyclopedia =The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1984 |edition=Revised 1984 |isbn=0-19-281490-7 |page=110}}</ref> is the [[muse]] of history,<ref name=Encyc/> or in a few mythological accounts, the muse of [[lyre]]-playing.<ref name=Morford>{{cite book|author1=Morford, Mark P. O. |author2=Lenardon, Robert J. |title=Classical Mythology |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo00morf |url-access=registration |publisher=David McKay Company |location=New York |year=1971 |isbn=0-679-30028-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo00morf/page/56 56–57]}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Clio's name is derived from the Greek root κλέω/κλείω (meaning "to recount", "to make famous" or "to celebrate").<ref name="clioandthepoets">{{cite book|author=D. S. Levene, Damien P. Nelis|title=Clio and the Poets: Augustan Poetry and the Traditions of Ancient Historiography|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=2002|isbn=90-04-11782-2}}</ref><ref name="lsjkleiw">{{LSJ|*kleiw/|Κλειώ|ref}}</ref><ref name="lsjkleiw1">{{LSJ|kle/w1|κλειώ|ref}}</ref> The name's traditional [[Romanization of Greek|Latinisation]] is Clio,<ref name="lewshortclio">[[Lewis and Short]], ''A Latin Dictionary: Founded on Andrews' Edition of Freund's Latin Dictionary: Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D''. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1879, ''s.v.''</ref> but some modern systems such as the [[ALA-LC romanization|American Library Association-Library of Congress system]] use ''K'' to represent the original Greek ''[[kappa]]'', and ''ei'' to represent the [[Ancient Greek phonology#Diphthongs|diphthong ''ει'']] ([[epsilon]] [[iota]]), thus ''Kleio''.

== Depiction ==
Clio, sometimes referred to as "the Proclaimer", is often represented with an open parchment scroll, a book, or a set of tablets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Car of History Clock {{!}} Architect of the Capitol |url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/car-history-clock |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=aoc.gov}}</ref> She is also shown with the heroic trumpet and the [[Water clock|clepsydra]] (water clock).<ref>{{cite web |title=Clio, Greek Muse |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Clio-Greek-mythology |website=Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref> [[Cesare Ripa]]'s ''Iconologia'', an important source book for artists of the [[Baroque painting|Baroque]] period, stated that Clio should be depicted with a crown of laurels, a trumpet and an open book.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ripa|first=Cesare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsZIAAAAcAAJ&q=clio&pg=PA368|title=Iconologia|date=1611|language=it}}</ref>

== Mythology ==
Like all the muses, Clio is a daughter of [[Zeus]] and the [[Titan (mythology)|Titaness]] [[Mnemosyne]], goddess of memory. Along with her sister Muses, she is considered to dwell at either [[Mount Helicon]] or [[Mount Parnassos]].<ref name="Encyc">{{cite encyclopedia |author=Leeming, David |title=Muses |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to World Mythology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-515669-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000leem/page/274 274] |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000leem/page/274 }}</ref> Other common locations for the Muses are [[Pieria (regional unit)|Pieria]] in [[Thessaly]], near to [[Mount Olympus]].<ref name="Morford" />

She had one son, [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinth]], with one of several kings, in various myths{{mdash}}with [[Pierus (father of Hyacinth)|Pierus]] or with king [[Oebalus]] of [[Sparta]], or with king [[Amyclas]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 3.10.3</ref><ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], 3.1.3 & 3.19.4</ref> progenitor of the people of Amyclae, dwellers about Sparta. In a scholium to [[Euripides]]' ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'', she is also the mother of [[Hymen (god)|Hymenaeus]] and [[Rhesus of Thrace|Rhesus]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/cleio-e615680 s.v. Cleio]; Scholia on [[Euripides]]' ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'', 346.</ref> According to Apollodorus, Clio was made to fall in love with Pierus by [[Aphrodite]], for Clio had derided her for her love affair with [[Adonis]].<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.%201.3.3&lang=original 1.3.3]</ref> Other accounts credit her as the mother of [[Linus (mythology)|Linus]] by [[Magnes (mythology)|Magnes]], a poet who was buried at [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]], although Linus has a number of differing parents depending upon the account, including several accounts in which he is the son of Clio's sisters [[Urania]] or [[Calliope]].<ref name="Graves">{{cite book|author=Graves, Robert |title=The Greek Myths |volume=2 |publisher=Penguin |location=London |year=1960 |edition=1960 revised |pages=212–213}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In her capacity as "the proclaimer, glorifier and celebrator of history, great deeds and accomplishments"<ref name="GUIDE">Carder, Sheri: [https://books.google.com/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC&dq=1993+Clio+award&pg=PA180 "Clio Awards"] ''The Guide to United States popular culture'', pages 180–181, {{ISBN|978-0-87972-821-2}}</ref> Clio is used in the name of various modern brands, including the [[Clio Awards]] for excellence in advertising.

The [[Cambridge University]] History Society is informally referred to as Clio; the [[Cleo of Alpha Chi]] society at [[Trinity College, Hartford|Trinity College, Connecticut]], is named after the muse. Likewise, the undergraduate student outreach group for the [[Penn Museum]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] is known as the Clio Society, and the first sorority founded at [[SUNY Geneseo]], Phi Kappa Pi, began as the Alpha Clionian literary society. "Clio" also represents [[history]] in some coined words in academic usage: [[cliometrics]], [[cliodynamics]].

[[Clio Bay]] in [[Antarctica]] is named after the muse.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="160" heights="200" mode="packed">
File:Statue of Clio in Berlin.jpg|Statue of Clio by [[Albert Wolff (sculptor)|Albert Wolff]] in Berlin
File:Moreelse Clio - muse of history.jpg|''Clio, Muse of History'' by [[Johannes Moreelse]]
File:Gentileschi, Artemisia - Clio - 1632.jpg|''Clio, the Muse of History'' (1632) by [[Artemisia Gentileschi]].
File:Pierre Mignard - Clio - WGA15654.jpg|''The Muse Clio'' (c. 1689) by [[Pierre Mignard]]
File:Christian Bernhard Rode - Die Muse Klio.jpg|''The Muse Clio'' by [[Bernhard Rode]]
File:Charles Meynier - Clio, Muse of History - 2003.6.5 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tiff|''Clio, Muse of History'' (1800) by Charles Meynier
File:Car of history.jpg|''Car of History'', a [[chariot clock]] depicting Clio, by Carlo Franzoni, 1819, in [[National Statuary Hall]]
File:HC Lea grave LH Philly.jpg|Sculpture of Clio by [[Alexander Stirling Calder]] on the tomb of historian [[Henry Charles Lea]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Muses in popular culture]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir [[James George Frazer]], F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. {{ISBN|0-674-99135-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
* ''Brill’s New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 3'', Cat-Cyp, editors: Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider, [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], 2003. {{ISBN|978-90-04-12266-6}}. [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/brill-s-new-pauly Online version at Brill].
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
* Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].

== Further reading ==
* Bartelink, Dr. G. J. M. (1988). ''Prisma van de mythologie''. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.
* van Aken, Dr. A. R. A. (1961). ''Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie''. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Clio}}
* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-007545 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database]
* [https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/MousaKleio.html KLEIO from The Theoi Project]

{{Muses}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Children of Zeus]]
[[Category:Deeds of Aphrodite]]
[[Category:Muses (mythology)]]
[[Category:Greek goddesses]]
[[Category:Historiography of Greece]]
[[Category:Metamorphoses characters]]
[[Category:Music and singing goddesses]]
[[Category:Pierian mythology]]
[[Category:Wisdom goddesses]]