Editing Cloudburst

{{Short description|Short and very intense rain}}
{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{weather}}
[[file:Tordenbyge.jpg|thumb|Cloudburst in New Orleans]]
A '''cloudburst''' is an enormous amount of [[precipitation]] in a short period of time,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/glossary/glu/EN/GF0200EN.HTM|title=International Glossary of electrical Hydrology|publisher=World Meteorological Organization and UNESCO|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103204941/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/glossary/glu/EN/GF0200EN.HTM|archive-date=2005-11-03}}</ref> sometimes accompanied by [[hail]] and [[thunder]], which is capable of creating flood conditions. Cloudbursts can quickly dump large amounts of water, e.g. 25&nbsp;mm of the precipitation corresponds to 25,000 metric tons per square kilometre (1 inch corresponds to 72,300&nbsp;short tons over one square mile). However, cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via [[orographic lift]] or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden [[condensation]]. At times, a large amount of runoff from higher elevations is mistakenly conflated with a cloudburst. The term "cloudburst" arose from the notion that clouds were akin to water balloons and could burst, resulting in rapid precipitation. Though this idea has since been disproven, the term remains in use.

==Properties==

Rainfall rate equal to or greater than {{convert|100|mm|in}} per hour is a cloudburst.<ref name="The Saakal Times">{{cite news|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5149259322361054146&SectionId=5171561142064258099&SectionName=Pune&NewsDate=20101104&NewsTitle=IT%20WAS%20A%20CLOUDBURST,%20SAYS%20WEATHER%20SCIENTIST|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521120739/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5149259322361054146&SectionId=5171561142064258099&SectionName=Pune&NewsDate=20101104&NewsTitle=IT%20WAS%20A%20CLOUDBURST,%20SAYS%20WEATHER%20SCIENTIST|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 21, 2014|title= It was a cloudburst, says weather scientist|publisher=news.saakaltimes.com |access-date=2010-11-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=What is a cloudburst? |newspaper=Rediff News, India |date=August 1, 2005 |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/01gi1.htm }}</ref> However, different definitions are used, e.g. the Swedish weather service [[SMHI]] defines the corresponding Swedish term "skyfall" as {{convert|1|mm|in}} per minute for short bursts and {{convert|50|mm|in}} per hour for longer rainfalls. The associated convective [[cloud]] can extend up to a height of {{convert|15|km|mi}} above the ground.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Cloud Burst over Leh (Jammu & Kashmir)|url= http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/cloud-burst-over-leh.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120315191633/http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/cloud-burst-over-leh.pdf|archive-date= 2012-03-15}}</ref>

During a cloudburst, more than {{convert|20|mm|in}} of rain may fall in a few minutes. The results of cloudbursts can be disastrous. Cloudbursts are also responsible for [[flash flood]] creation.

Rapid precipitation from [[cumulonimbus cloud]]s is possible due to the [[Langmuir circulation|Langmuir precipitation process]] in which large droplets can grow rapidly by coagulating with smaller droplets which fall down slowly. It is not essential that cloudbursts occur only when a cloud clashes with a solid body like a mountain, they can also occur when hot water vapor mingles into the cold resulting in sudden condensation.

==Detection and forecasting==

While satellites are extensively useful in detecting large-scale weather systems and rainfall, the resolution of the precipitation from these satellites are usually worse than the area of cloudbursts, and hence they go undetected.<ref name="Koll2022">{{Cite news |last=Koll |first=Roxy M. |date=2022-09-10 |title=Why cloudburst forecast in India still remains elusive |work=The Hindu 
|url-status=live |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/why-cloudburst-forecast-in-india-still-remains-elusive/article65872538.ece |access-date=2022-09-12 |issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912061744/https://www.climate.rocksea.org/images/climate/Cloudbursts_TheHindu_11Sep2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-12}}</ref> Weather forecast models also face a similar challenge in simulating the clouds at a high resolution. The skillful forecasting of rainfall in hilly regions remains challenging due to the uncertainties in the interaction between the moisture convergence and the hilly terrain, the cloud microphysics, and the heating-cooling mechanisms at different atmospheric levels.<ref name="Koll2022" />

==Record cloudbursts==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Duration !! Rainfall !! Location !! Date
|-
| 1 minute || {{convert|1.5|in|mm|2}} || [[Basse-Terre]], [[Guadeloupe]] || 26 November 1970
|-
| 5.5 minutes || {{convert|2.43|in|mm|2}} || [[Port Bell]], [[Panama]] || 29 November 1911
|-
| 15 minutes || {{convert|7.8|in|mm|2}} || [[Plumb Point Lighthouse|Plumb Point]], [[Jamaica]] || 12 May 1916
|-
| 20 minutes || {{convert|8.1|in|mm|2}} || [[Curtea de Argeș]], [[Romania]] || 7 July 1947
|-
| 40 minutes || {{convert|9.25|in|mm|2}} || [[Guinea, Virginia|Guinea]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]] || 24 August 1906
|-
| 1 hour || {{convert|9.84|in|mm}} || [[Leh]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]] || August 5, 2010 <ref name="The Economic Times article">{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-09/news/28416779_1_global-warming-water-bodies-zanskar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523192404/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-09/news/28416779_1_global-warming-water-bodies-zanskar|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 23, 2012|title= Cloudburst in Ladakh, India|publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date= August 9, 2010|access-date=2011-09-25}}</ref>
|-
| 1.5 hours || {{convert|7.15|in|mm}} || Pune, Maharashtra, India || October 4, 2010 <ref name="The Saakal Times"/>
|-
| 2 hours || {{convert|3.94|in|mm|abbr=}} || [[Pithoragarh]], [[Uttarakhand]], India || July 1, 2016
|-
| 5 hours || {{convert|15.35|in|mm}} || [[La Plata]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]|| April 2, 2013 <ref name="Tormentas de Buenos Aires y Alrededores">{{cite news|url=http://tormentasdebuenosaires.blogspot.com.ar/2013/07/tragicas-inundaciones-en-la-plata.html|title= Trágicas inundaciones en La Plata |publisher=tormentasdebuenosaires.blogspot.com.ar/ |date= April 9, 2013|access-date=2013-06-13}}</ref>
|-
| 10 hours || {{convert|57.00|in|mm}} || [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India || July 26, 2005
|-
| 13 hours || {{convert|45.03|in|mm}} || Foc-Foc, [[La Réunion]] || January 8, 1966<ref name="Méteo France">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/Climatologie/Records.htm |title=Records_clim |publisher=Meteo.fr |access-date=2010-08-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606073626/http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/Climatologie/Records.htm |archive-date=2010-06-06 }}</ref>
|-
| 20 hours || {{convert|91.69|in|mm}} || [[Ganges Delta]], [[Bangladesh]]/India || January 8, 1966<ref name="The indiatimes"/>
|-
|24 hours
|73.62 inches (1,870&nbsp;mm)
|[[Cilaos]], [[Réunion|La Réunion]]
|March, 1952
|}

==Locations==
===Asia===
In the [[Indian subcontinent]], a cloudburst usually occurs when a [[monsoon]] cloud drifts northwards, from the [[Bay of Bengal]] or [[Arabian Sea]] across the plains, then onto the [[Himalaya]]s and bursts, bringing rainfall as high as 75 millimetres per hour.<ref>[http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2001/09/05.html Cloudburst In The Subcontinent] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222613/http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2001/09/05.html |date=2007-09-28 }} Weathernotebook.org</ref>

==== Bangladesh ====
* In September 2004, {{convert|341|mm|in}} mm of rain was recorded in [[Dhaka]] in 24 hours.<ref name="independent-bangladesh.com" />
* On June 11, 2007 {{convert|425|mm|in}} mm of rain fell in 24 hours in [[Chittagong]].<ref name="independent-bangladesh.com" />
* On July 29, 2009, a record breaking {{convert|333|mm|in}} of rain was recorded in Dhaka, in 24 hours, previously {{convert|326|mm|in}} of rain was recorded on July 13, 1956.<ref name="independent-bangladesh.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/environment-news/cloud-burst-breaks-53year-record.html |title='Cloud Burst' Breaks 53-year Record |publisher=Independent-bangladesh.com |date=2009-07-29 |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312084555/http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/environment-news/cloud-burst-breaks-53year-record.html |archive-date=2018-03-12 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
*On September 27, 2020, record breaking {{Convert|433|mm|in}} of rain fell just in 12 hours in the city of [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]] in [[Rangpur Division|Northern Bangladesh]], producing widespread flooding across the city.<ref>{{Cite web|last=বাংলাদেশ|first=Daily Bangladesh|title=12hrs rainfall breaks 100yrs records of Rangpur|url=https://daily-bangladesh.com/english/12hrs-rainfall-breaks-100yrs-records-of-Rangpur%C2%A0/50950|access-date=2021-08-24|website=Daily Bangladesh|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Karmakar|first=Kongkon|date=2020-09-28|title=A submerged city|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/submerged-city-1968605|access-date=2021-08-24|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref>

==== India ====
* On September 28, 1908 – A cloudburst resulted in a flood where level of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]] increased up to 3.4 meters . About 15,000 people died and around 80,000 houses were destroyed along the banks of the river.<ref>{{cite web|author=syed akbar |url=http://syedakbarindia.blogspot.com/2008/09/musi-floods-1908-what-really-happened.html |title=Syed Akbar Journalist: Musi Floods 1908: What really happened that fateful day |publisher=Syedakbarindia.blog spot.com |date=2008-09-28 |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
* In July 1970, the Alaknanda valley witnessed a major flood, This was attributed to a cloudburst on the night of 20 July 1970 on the southern mountain front in the Alaknanda valley (between Joshimath and Chamoli). According to an estimate, floods transported about 15.9 × 106 tonnes of sediment within a day. The catastrophe was so large that it wiped out the leftover of the 1894 Gohna lake. In addition, a roadside settlement between Pipalkoti and Helong called Belakuchi in the Alaknanda valley was washed away along with a convoy of 30 buses, by the roaring Alaknanda river. However, around 400 pilgrims route to Badrinath, were saved due to the alertness of a police constable who guided them to run uphill. [[Alaknanda River]] in [[Uttarakhand]] and its entire river basin, from Hanumanchatti near the pilgrimage town of [[Badrinath]] to [[Haridwar]] was affected.<ref>{{Citation|url= http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Disaster%20Data/Disaster%20Data%20Uttarakhand/Papers/Recent_and_past_floods_in_Alaknanda_valley.pdf|title= Recent and past floods in the Alaknanda valley: causes and consequences|date=November 10, 2013|work= Naresh Rana, Sunil Singh, Y. P. Sundriyal and Navin Juyal}}</ref>
*On August 15, 1997, 115 people were killed when a cloudburst occurred and trail of death was all that was left behind in Chirgaon in [[Shimla district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Citation|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cloudbursts-pose-serious-threat-in-himachal-pradesh/articleshow/20996240.cms|title= Cloudbursts pose a serious threat in Himachal Pradesh|date=July 10, 2013|work= The Times of India }}</ref>
*On August 17, 1998, a massive landslide following heavy rain and a cloudburst at Malpa village killed 250 people, including 60 [[Kailash Mansarovar]] pilgrims in Kali valley of the [[Pithoragarh district]], Uttarakhand. Among the dead was [[Odissi]] dancer [[Protima Bedi]].<ref>{{Citation|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/What-is-a-cloudburst/articleshow/6269735.cms|title= What is a cloudburst?|date=August 7, 2010|work= The Times of India }}</ref>
* On July 16, 2003, about 40 people were killed in flash floods caused by a cloudburst at Shilagarh in Gursa area of [[Kullu district]], Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/07/17/stories/2003071705700100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318155020/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/07/17/stories/2003071705700100.htm |archive-date=March 18, 2005 |title=40 killed in Himachal cloudburst, flash floods|author=Kanwar Yogendra|url-status=usurped|date= July 17, 2003}}</ref>
* On July 6, 2004, at least 17 people were killed and 28 injured when three vehicles were swept into the Alaknanda River by heavy landslides triggered by a cloudburst that left nearly 5,000 pilgrims stranded near Badrinath shrine area in [[Chamoli district]], Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/uttarakhand-6-people-killed-in-kotdwar-due-to-cloudburst/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425032003/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/uttarakhand-6-people-killed-in-kotdwar-due-to-cloudburst/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-04-25 |title=6 killed as cloudburst hits kotdwar area |publisher=Pakistannewshd.com |date=2004-07-06 |access-date=2012-08-13 }}</ref>
*On 26 July 2005, a cloudburst caused approximately {{convert|950|mm|in}} of rainfall in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4997172.stm | location=Mumbai, India | work=BBC | first=Zubair | last=Ahmed | title=Mumbai commuters face travel woe | date=May 19, 2006}}</ref> over a span of eight to ten hours; the deluge completely paralysed India's largest city and financial centre, leaving over 1,000 dead. Half of the flooding was caused due to the blockage sewers in many parts of Mumbai.
* On August 14, 2007, 52 people were confirmed dead when a severe cloudburst occurred in Bhavi village in Ganvi, Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/16/stories/2007081655481000.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219141206/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/16/stories/2007081655481000.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 19, 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=52 casualties confirmed in Ghanvi cloud burst | date=August 16, 2007}}</ref>
* On August 7, 2009, 38 people were killed in a landslide resulting from a cloudburst in Nachni area near [[Munsiyari]] in [[Pithoragarh district]] of Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/38-die-in-Pithoragarh-cloudburst--rescue-works-on/499660/ |title=38 die in Pithoragarh cloudburst, rescue works on |publisher=Indian Express |date=2009-08-08 |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
* On August 6, 2010, in [[Leh]], a series of cloudbursts left over 1,000 people dead (updated number) and over 400 injured in the frontier Leh town of [[Ladakh]] region.<ref name="The indiatimes">{{Citation |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Leh-flash-floods-Toll-rises-to-145-rescue-on/articleshow/6275411.cms |title=Cloudburst In The Leh |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 August 2010 |publisher= WorldSnap |access-date=9 September 2012}}</ref>
* On September 15, 2010, a cloudburst in [[Almora]] in Uttarakhand submerged two villages, one of them being Balta, in which save for a few people, the entire village drowned. Almora was declared as a town suffering from the brunt of cloudburst by the Uttarakhand authorities.<ref>{{Citation|url= http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/20521/1/SR%2050%288%29%2012-18.pdf|title= flash floods threatening the Himalayan region| date=August 6, 2012|work= Sanjay K. Jain, A. K. Lohani & Sharad K. Jain.}}</ref>
* On September 29, 2010, a cloudburst in NDA (National Defence Academy), Khadakwasla, [[Pune]], in [[Maharashtra]] left many injured and hundreds of vehicles and buildings damaged due to the consequent flash flood.<ref name="The Saakal Times"/>
* Again on October 4, 2010, a cloudburst in Pashan, Pune, in Maharashtra left 4 dead, many injured and hundreds of vehicles and buildings damaged; the record books registered the highest rainfall in intensity and quantity in Pune city, then about 118 years old (record of 149.1&nbsp;mm in 24 hours) of October 24, 1892. In the history of IT hub Pune, for the first time this flash flood forced locals to remain in their vehicles, offices and what ever available shelter in the accompanying traffic jam.<ref name="The Saakal Times"/>
* On October 4, 2010, a cloudburst in Pashan, Pune may have been the world's first predicted cloudburst. Since 2:30 pm weather scientist Kirankumar Johare in the city frantically sent out SMSs to the higher authorities warning of an impending cloudburst over the Pashan area.  Even after taking the necessary precautions, 4 people died including one young scientist.<ref name="The Saakal Times"/>
* On June 9, 2011, near [[Jammu]], a cloudburst left four people dead and over several injured in Doda-Batote highway, 135&nbsp;km from Jammu. Two restaurants and many shops were washed away<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/doda-cloudburst-4-feared-dead-several-stranded-111076 |title=Doda cloudburst: 4 feared dead, several stranded |publisher=NDTV.com |date=2011-06-09 |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
* On 20 July 2011, a cloudburst in upper [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], 18&nbsp;km from Manali town in Himachal Pradesh state left 2 dead and 22 missing.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cloudburst-in-Manali-2-dead-many-missing/articleshow/9311037.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Cloudburst in Manali: 2 dead, many missing | date=July 21, 2011}}</ref>
* On September 15, 2011, a cloudburst was reported in the Palam area of the [[National Capital Territory]] of [[Delhi]]. The [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Indira Gandhi International Airport's]] Terminal-3 was flooded with water at the arrival due to the immense downpour. Even though no deaths occurred, the hours-long rainfall was enough to enter the record books as the highest rainfall in the city since 1959.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/a-months-rain-in-3-hours-for-delhi-t3-flooded-467753|title=A month's rain in 3 hours for Delhi, T3 flooded|date=September 15, 2011|work=NDTV|access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref>
* On September 14, 2013, there was a cloudburst in [[Ukhimath]] in the [[Rudraprayag district]], Uttarakhand killing 39 people.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fresh-landslides-in-Uttarakhand-toll-39/articleshow/16428914.cms | work=The Times of India | title= Fresh Landslides in Uttarakhand, toll 39 | date=September 17, 2012}}</ref>
* On June 15, 2013, a cloudburst was reported in [[Kedarnath]] and [[Rambara, Uttarakhand|Rambara]] region of [[Rudraprayag district]], Uttarakhand. Over 1,000 killed to date, it is feared that the death toll may rise to 5,000. Debris is still being cleared and thousands are still missing as of June 30, 2013. It left approximately 84,000 people stranded for several days. The [[Indian Army]] and its Central Command launched one of the largest and most extensive human rescue missions in its history. Spread over 40,000 square kilometres, 45 helicopters were deployed to rescue the stranded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-uttarakhand-floods-toll-reaches-550-more-rains-yet-to-come-1851144|title=Uttarakhand floods: Toll reaches 550, more rains yet to come - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=June 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Uttarakhand-More-than-550-killed-50000-still-stranded/articleshow/20703937.cms | work=The Times Of India|title=Uttarakhand: More than 550 killed; thousands still stranded}}</ref> According to a news report this incident was falsely linked with cloud burst, rather it was caused due to disturbance in the two glaciers near Kedarnath.<ref>Source-Isro Report</ref>
*On July 30, 2014, a landslide occurred in the small Indian village of Malin, located in Ambegaon taluka in Pune district of India. The landslide, which hit the village early in the morning while its residents were asleep, killed at least 20 people. In addition to those dead, over 160 people were believed to have been buried in the landslide in 44 separate houses, though more recent estimates place the figure at about seventy
* On July 31, 2014, a cloudburst was reported in [[Tehri Garhwal district]] of Uttrakhand. At least 4 people were reported dead.
* On September 6, 2014, there was a cloudburst in [[Kashmir valley]] killing more than 200 people. Center for Science and Environment (CSE) mentioned heavy and unchecked development aggravated the development in the region. Over 1,84,000 people were rescued after heavy rains have large part of the State submerged.
*On December 2, 2015, the city of [[Chennai]] recorded 494&nbsp;mm rains eventually causing [[2015 South India floods]]. The floods saw 400+ casualties around Tamil Nadu.
* On May 8, 2016, Continuous rainfall occurred in Tharali and [[Karnaprayag]] in [[Chamoli district]], Uttarakhand resulting in damage, but no casualties.
*On the night of July 5, 2017 a cloudburst was reported in Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Some local stations recorded 102&nbsp;mm rain in an hour. Surprisingly no one was killed and no significant damage occurred.
*On July 20, 2017, a cloudburst caused huge damage at [[Thathri]] town of [[Doda district]] killing more than 6 people.
*On May 4, 2018, a cloudburst had occurred above [[Belagavi]], [[Karnataka]]. Weather stations in the area reported 95mm rain in an hour. No significant casualties or damage had occurred.
*On May 12, 2021, a cloudburst was reported from [[Tehri]], [[Chamoli]] districts in [[Uttarakhand]]. No significant casualties or damage had occurred.
*On July 28, 2021, [[Hunzar Kishtwar Cloudburst 2021|Cloudburst hits Hunzar hamlet]] in Dachhan area of [[Kishtwar district]] resulting into death of 26 persons and 17 injured.
*On October 20, 2021, a cloudburst occurred above [[Pethanaickenpalayam]] town of [[Salem district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. This resulted in 213&nbsp;mm rain in a single day. Ponds in the area filled up and so did the [[Thennakudipalayam lake]]. The [[Vasishta Nadi]] became flooded, making the [[Attur]] check dam to brim with water. No damages were reported.<ref>{{Cite web|title=சேலம் அருகே மேகவெடிப்பு: ஒரே நாளில் கொட்டிய 213 மி.மீ. மழை|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/728889-cloudburst-near-salem-213-mm-in-one-day-rain.html|access-date=2021-10-21|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|date=21 October 2021 |language=ta}}</ref>
* On 8 July 2022, Cloudburst occurred at [[Pahalgam]] en route to [[Amarnath cave]] shrine.
* On December 18, 2023, the District of [[Thoothukudi]] recorded 946&nbsp;mm and District of Tirunelveli [[Tirunelveli]] recorded 636&nbsp;mm rains eventually causing [[2023 Tamilnadu floods]]. The floods saw 400+ casualties around Southern districts of Tamil Nadu.Many places of Thoothukudi district [[Tiruchendur]], [[Sathankulam]], [[Srivaikuntam]] recorded more than 700&nbsp;mm rain in 24 hrs . This is the Highest rain fall occurred in plain region without any cyclone formation.
* On 31 July 2024, Flash floods and cloudbursts have caused huge damage in several areas of Uttarakhand.

==== Pakistan ====
* On July 1, 1977, the city of [[Karachi]] was flooded when {{convert|207|mm|in}} of rain was recorded in 24 hours.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sleeping-with-a-sleeping-disorder.com/Karachi_Climate_Data.txt | title=MEAN FOR THE PERIOD 1961 - 2009 | access-date=2014-12-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220095120/http://sleeping-with-a-sleeping-disorder.com/Karachi_Climate_Data.txt | archive-date=2014-12-20 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On July 23, 2001 {{convert|620|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 10 hours in [[Islamabad]]. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Tom Ross |author2=Neal Lott |author3=Axel Graumann |author4=Sam McCown |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2001/july/extremes0701.html |title=NCDC: Climate-Watch, July 2001 |publisher=Ncdc.noaa.gov |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference | url=https://www.essl.org/ECSS/2007/abs/02-Case-study/sheikh-1-sec02.oral.pdf | title=SEVERE STORMS on dated 23rd July 2001 Islamabad pakistan | conference =4th European Conference on Severe Storms | date=September 2007 | author=Abdul Hameed|location=Italy}}</ref><ref name="wmo">{{cite web|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/DPS/TC-DPFS-2002/Papers-Posters/Topic3-NaeemShah.pdf|title=Cloud Burst (Heavy Rain) Over Twin Cities Islamabad - Rawalpindi on 23rd July 2001|author=Naeem Shah}}</ref><ref name="saarc">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030930040428/http://www.saarc-smrc.org/news-7.html|url=http://www.saarc-smrc.org/news-7.html|archive-date= 2003-09-30|title=Newsletter|volume=8|number=1|page=7|date=July–December 2001}}</ref>
* On July 23, 2001 {{convert|335|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 10 hours in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="wmo"/><ref name="saarc"/>
*On July 18, 2009, {{convert|245|mm|in}} of rainfall occurred in just 4 hours in Karachi, which caused massive flooding in the metropolis city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/effects-of-heavy-rain-in-karachi-on-18-july-2009/ |title=Effects of Heavy Rain in Karachi on 18 July 2009 |publisher=Pakistannewshd.com |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-date=2018-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425032024/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/effects-of-heavy-rain-in-karachi-on-18-july-2009/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On July 29, 2010, a record breaking {{convert|280|mm|in}} of rain was recorded in [[Risalpur]] in 24 hours.<ref name="pakmet.com.pk">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820185911/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours/|url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours/|archive-date=2010-08-20|title=RAINFALL STATEMENT JULY-2010}}</ref>
* On July 29, 2010, a record breaking {{convert|274|mm|in}} of rain was recorded in [[Peshawar]] in 24 hours.<ref name="pakmet.com.pk"/>
* On August 9, 2011 {{convert|176|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 3 hours in Islamabad flooded main streets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awaztoday.com/singlenews/1/11679/Political-News/Rain-wreaks-havoc-in-Islamabad-cities-in-Punjab-and-KP.aspx |title=Rain wreaks havoc in Islamabad, cities in Punjab and KP |publisher=Awaztoday.com |date=2011-08-09 |access-date=2012-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320161342/http://awaztoday.com/singlenews/1/11679/Political-News/Rain-wreaks-havoc-in-Islamabad-cities-in-Punjab-and-KP.aspx |archive-date=2012-03-20 }}</ref>
* On August 10, 2011, a record breaking {{convert|291|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 24 hours in [[Mithi]], [[Sindh]] Pakistan.<ref name="Widespread Heavy rainfall in Southern sindh">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours/.com.pk/met.gov/media/WR-media-E.html |publisher=Pakmet.com.pk |title=Pakmet.com.pk : Widespread Heavy rainfall in Southern sindh |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823084354/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//met.gov/media/WR-media-E.html |archive-date=23 August 2011 }}</ref><ref name="231 mm of rain recorded in Mithi in 24 Hours">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//FFD/cp/evening.htm |publisher=Pakmet.com.pk |title=Pakmet.com.pk : 231 mm of rain recorded in Mithi in 24 Hours |access-date=10 August 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Record breaking rainfall in Mithi">{{cite web|url=https://arynews.tv/en/power-breakdown-hits-parts-of-karachi-after-rain/|publisher=Pakmet.com.pk |title=Pakmet.com.pk : Record breaking rainfall in Mithi |access-date= 10 August 2011}}</ref>
* On August 11, 2011, a record breaking {{convert|350|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 24 hours in Tando Ghulam Ali, Sindh Pakistan.<ref name="Record breaking heavy rain in Tando Ghulam Ali">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//ndmc/index.htm |publisher=Pakmet.com.pk |title=Pakmet.com.pk : Record breaking heavy rain in Tando Ghulam Ali |access-date=8 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227100014/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//ndmc/index.htm |archive-date=27 December 2011 }}</ref>
* On September 7, 2011, a record breaking {{convert|312|mm|in}} of rainfall was recorded in 24 hours in [[Diplo, Pakistan|Diplo]], Sindh Pakistan.<ref name="Record breaking heavy rain in Sindh">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//met.gov/media/WR-media-E.html |publisher=Pakmet.com.pk |title=Pakmet.com.pk : Record breaking heavy rain in Sindh |access-date=7 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823084354/http://www.pakistannewshd.com/231-mm-of-rain-recorded-in-mithi-in-24-hours//met.gov/media/WR-media-E.html |archive-date=23 August 2011 }}</ref>
* On September 9, 2012, Jacobabad received the heaviest rainfall in the last 100 years, and recorded {{convert|380|mm|in}} in 24 hours, as a result over 150 houses collapsed.<ref name="Jacobabad receives record rain in 100 years">{{cite web|url=http://www.urduwire.com/en/news/jacobabad-receives-record-rain-in-100-years-150-houses-collapse_nid726213.aspx |publisher=Urduwire.com |title=Urduwire.com : Record breaking rainfall in Jacobabad |access-date= 10 September 2012}}</ref>
*On July 28, 2021, cloud burst caused flooding in several areas of Islamabad.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-28|title=Several areas of twin cities flooded following cloudburst|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2312624/several-areas-of-twin-cities-flooded-following-cloudburst|access-date=2021-07-28|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Qarar|first=Shakeel|date=2021-07-28|title=2 killed as urban flooding hits parts of Islamabad following cloudburst|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1637406|access-date=2021-07-28|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

=== Europe ===

==== Denmark ====

* On 2 July 2011, a cloudburst hit parts of [[Zealand]] and the [[Copenhagen|Greater Copenhagen area]] of Denmark. This resulted in the greatest recorded rainfall in 24 hours in the past 55 years. It caused an estimated [[Danish krone|DKK]] 6 billion in damage, notably including structural failures at the 17th-century fortress, ''[[Kastellet, Copenhagen|Kastellet]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-03 |title=Kastellet er blevet slemt beskadiget af oversvømmelser |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/kastellet-er-blevet-slemt-beskadiget-af-oversvoemmelser |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=DR |language=da-DK}}</ref>

===North America===
====Colorado Piedmont====
The uplands adjacent to the [[Front Range]] of [[Colorado]] and the streams which drain the Front Range are subject to occasional cloudbursts and flash floods. This weather pattern is associated with [[Anabatic wind|upslope winds]] bringing [[Warm front|moisture]] northwestward from the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref name = Interior1942 >[https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0997/report.pdf "Floods in Colorado"] Department of the Interior 1949</ref>

==See also==
* [[Guerrilla rainstorm]]
* [[Flash flood]]
* [[Flood]]
* [[Mudflow]]
* [[Rain]]
* [[Sleet (disambiguation)]]
* [[Storm]]
* [[Thunderstorm]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Cloudbursts}}
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/22-dead-in-cloudburst-in-Uttarakhand/articleshow/16399371.cms]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140521120739/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5149259322361054146&SectionId=5171561142064258099&SectionName=Pune&NewsDate=20101104&NewsTitle=IT%20WAS%20A%20CLOUDBURST,%20SAYS%20WEATHER%20SCIENTIST]}}

[[Category:Clouds]]
[[Category:Flood]]
[[Category:Storm]]
[[Category:Severe weather and convection]]
[[Category:Weather hazards]]