Editing Clumber Spaniel

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{{Infobox Dogbreed
| name = Clumber Spaniel
| image = Clumber spaniel rybnik kamien pppl.jpg
| image_caption = A Clumber Spaniel
| country = England
<!-----Kennel club standards----->
| kc_name        = [[The Kennel Club]]
| kc_std         = http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/112
| fcistd = https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/109g08-en.pdf
}}<!-- End Infobox Dogbreed info. Article Begins Here -->

The '''Clumber Spaniel''' is a [[dog breed|breed]] of [[dog]] of the [[spaniel]] type, developed in the United Kingdom. It is the largest of the spaniels, and comes in predominantly white with either lemon or orange markings. The name of the breed is taken from [[Clumber Park]] in [[Nottinghamshire]] where the breed was first developed. It is a gundog that specialises in hunting in heavy cover. They are gentle and loyal, and can act aloof with strangers. They have several habits which could be considered disadvantages, including a constant shedding of its coat and snoring.

The history of the breed is uncertain prior to the mid-19th century with two theories being prevalent. Clumber Spaniels have been kept and bred by various members of the British Royal Family, including [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]], [[King Edward VII]] and [[King George V]]. They were introduced into Canada in 1844, and in 1884 became one of the first ten breeds recognised by the [[American Kennel Club]]. The breed can suffer from a variety of breed-specific ailments varying in severity from temporary lameness due to bone growth whilst young to [[Hip dysplasia (canine)|hip dysplasia]] or [[spinal disc herniation]].

== Description == 
[[Image:Clumber Spaniel.jpg|thumb|alt=A shot of the head and shoulders of a white dog with brown markings around its nose, ears and eyes.|A head-shot of a Clumber Spaniel showing the colored markings around the eyes and muzzle.]]

=== Appearance ===
The Clumber Spaniel is the largest of the English [[spaniel]] breeds,<ref name="can">{{cite web|url=http://www.canadogs.com/BreedSpanielClum.htm|title=Clumber Spaniel|publisher=CanaDog.com|access-date=2009-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429041846/http://www.canadogs.com/BreedSpanielClum.htm|archive-date=2009-04-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is long and heavy-bodied, standing only {{convert|17|to|20|in|cm}} in height but weighing from {{convert|55|to|85|lb|kg}}.<ref name="palika">{{cite book|title=The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties|last=Palika|first=Liz|publisher=Howell Book House|year=2007|isbn=978-0-470-00921-5|page=203}}<!--|access-date=2009-12-08--></ref> It is similar in shape to the smaller [[Sussex Spaniel]].<ref name="north">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen|last=Smith|first=Steve|publisher=Willow Creek Press|year=2002|isbn=978-1-57223-501-4|page=136}}<!--|access-date=2009-12-09--></ref> The Clumber has a heavy bone structure,<ref name="iams"/> has a massive 'melting' head<ref name="kennel"/> with a mournful and dopey expression, a square nose and muzzle, and large vine-leaf shaped ears.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.k9obedience.co.uk/dogbreed/clumberspaniel.html |title=Clumber Spaniel Dog Breed Profile |publisher=K9Obedience.co.uk |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref> Freckles on the muzzle and front legs are common.<ref name="spiotta43">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 43</ref> Its coat is dense, weather-resistant, straight, and flat with feathering around the ears, belly and legs.<ref name="palika"/> Clumbers are predominantly white in colour with lemon, brown, or orange markings around the eyes, and at the base of the tail.<ref name="palika"/>

=== Temperament ===
[[image:Clumber spaniel trufla 756.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A reddish-brown dog nose with similar colored markings on the fur around it.|The powerful nose of the Clumber Spaniel.]]
Their temperament is described as gentle, loyal and affectionate, but dignified and aloof with strangers.<ref name="palika"/> They can appear to be a sedate breed and enjoy curling up on the couch, eating and sleeping.<ref name="can"/>

Clumber Spaniels shed at a medium pace and require to be brushed and groomed frequently. Clumbers tend to drool because of their very droopy [[flews]].<ref name="palika"/> Clumbers have minds of their own. Puppies are especially curious and playful. The breed has a trophy mentality and the dog has an incessant need to carry something most of the time; unfortunately this can lead to health issues as they may ingest the items.<ref name="spiotta45">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 45</ref> Clumber Spaniels have the tendency to be more reserved with other dogs, until they have warmed up to them.

The breed has been used to hunt [[pheasant]] and [[partridge]], in both small packs and alone. It is well-suited for work in [[upland hunting]] in dense cover,<ref name="palika"/> and although the Clumber is rather slow in the field compared to other spaniels, it is a quiet worker with a fine nose and good stamina.<ref name="iams">{{cite web |url=http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=DBD&breedPage=clumspan.html |title=Clumber Spaniel (AKC Sporting Group) |year=2000 |work=Telemark Productions |publisher=iams.com |access-date=2009-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531154251/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=DBD&breedPage=clumspan.html| archive-date = 31 May 2009 }}</ref> The broad muzzle of the breed allows it to retrieve a variety of game.<ref>{{cite book|title=Top To Tail|last=Alderton|first=David|publisher=David & Charles PLC|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7153-2589-6|page=134}}<!--|access-date=2009-12-16--></ref> Clumber Spaniels can be very content indoors or out, but mostly wherever their owner is, is where they seem most pleased. Clumber Spaniels do not have a frequency to bark and are more considered companions in the home rather than a watch dog.

== Health ==
[[image:Clumber Spaniel on Grass.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A mostly white dog sitting on grass. Its shadow is noticeable on the ground.|Clumber Spaniels can suffer from heat sensitivity.]]
Because Clumber Spaniels are large boned and fast growing, they can suffer from temporary lameness from between six and twelve months of age, with this lameness subsiding when bone growth is complete. Another common condition that the breed suffers from are impacted [[anal sacs]] and the dog may require them to be emptied by a [[veterinarian]]. The final common condition that the breed has is heat sensitivity: if Clumber Spaniels are left without shade, they can become uncomfortably hot and dehydrated.<ref name="spiotta49">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 49</ref>

In addition, Clumbers often have difficulties conceiving and giving birth, and may require [[caesarian section]]s. Some dogs may suffer from sensitivity to anaesthesia. The most common severe health conditions in the Clumber Spaniel are entropion/ectropion eye conditions, spinal disc herniation and hip dysplasia.<ref name="spiotta50">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 50</ref> A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 12.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=McMillan | first=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=| pmc=10834484 }}</ref>

=== Entropion/Ectropion ===
[[Entropion]] is the inward rolling of the [[eyelid]], commonly the lower lid. This in turn irritates the [[cornea]] of the eye and can cause visual impairment. It is a hereditary disorder seen in both [[English Cocker Spaniel|English]] and [[American Cocker Spaniel]]s, [[King Charles Spaniel]]s, [[English Springer Spaniel]]s plus a variety of non [[spaniel]] breeds.<ref name="entropion">{{cite web |url=http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/ocular%20disorders/entropion.htm |title=What is entropion? |date=2000-05-11 |publisher=Canine Inherited Disorders Database |access-date=2009-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530050624/http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/ocular%20disorders/entropion.htm |archive-date=2009-05-30 }}</ref>

[[Ectropion#Ectropion in dogs|Ectropion]] is the outward rolling of the eyelid, which abnormally exposes the eye, resulting in irritation. Because of the increased exposure, the dog can develop allergic or bacterial [[conjunctivitis]] or [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca]] also known as dry-eye syndrome. It is most commonly found in breeds with exaggerated facial features such as the [[Boxer (dog)|Boxer]], [[Bloodhound]], [[Gordon Setter]] as well as the English and American Cocker Spaniels, and the English Springer Spaniel.<ref name="ectropion">{{cite web |url=http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/ocular%20disorders/ectropion.htm |title=What is ectropion? |date=2003-11-08 |publisher=Canine Inherited Disorders Database |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>

The treatment for ectropion varies depending on the severity of the condition.<ref name="ectropion"/> The only treatment for entropion is surgical, and may be delayed until the dog reaches adulthood as whilst a puppy the facial structures of the animal are still growing and changing. Dogs who have surgical correction for defects such as entropion or ectropion may not be exhibited in the show ring.<ref name="entropion"/><ref name="ectropion"/>

=== Spinal disc herniation ===
[[image:Return from shooting.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Five men and three horses at the edge of a wood along with a large group of dogs.|"The Return From Shooting" (1788) by [[Francis Wheatley (painter)|Sir Francis Wheatley]] depicting The Duke of Newcastle, his friend Colonel Litchfield and the Duke's gamekeeper, Mansell along with four Clumber Spaniels.]]
[[Spinal disc herniation]] occurs when the [[Intervertebral disc]] bulges or ruptures into the [[vertebral canal]] where the [[spinal cord]] resides. Once the cord is compressed, the dog experiences symptoms ranging from mild back/neck pain to leg paralysis, loss of sensation, and [[urinary incontinence|urinary]] and [[fecal incontinence]]. The most commonly location seen is the mid-back area, but it may occur anywhere along the spine. Cases that do not result in paralysis can be treated medically by confining the animal to restrict movement to a minimum for several weeks, and this can be accompanied by medication for the pain. Surgery can restore sensation to a dog's legs following paralysis but the success rate depends on how severe the herniation was.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lundgren|first=Becky|url=http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=2373 |title=Intervertebral Disk Disease (Herniations of the Disk)  |publisher=VeterinaryPartner.com |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>

=== Hip dysplasia ===
[[Hip dysplasia (canine)|Hip dysplasia]]   is a hereditary condition which occurs in most dog breeds to some extent, according to scores from a 2001 [[The Kennel Club|UK Kennel Club]] scheme, the Clumber Spaniel has the second worst breed mean scores. Furthermore, a survey conducted by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals found that 45.7% of Clumber Spaniels tested were affected by the condition.<ref name="ofa">{{cite web|url=http://www.offa.org/hipstatbreed.html |title=Hip Dysplasia Statistics: Hip Dysplasia by Breed |publisher=Ortheopedic Foundation for Animals |access-date=2010-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210185346/http://www.offa.org/hipstatbreed.html |archive-date=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initial signs are usually first noted when the dog is between five and twelve months old, and may include a swaying hindleg [[gait]], hindleg lameness, muscle wastage around the hindquarters, reluctance to and fatigue during exercise, inability to climb stairs or jump up. The dog can appear hunched up with an arched back, and in the very worst cases may wince with pain when moving its hindlegs. Medical treatment can vary from the administration of painkillers to surgical correction depending on the severity of the condition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.provet.co.uk/health/diseases/hip%20dysplasia.htm |title=Hip Dysplasia |publisher=Provet healthcare information |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>

== History ==
[[image:107. Clumber Spaniel.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Two spaniel-like dogs drawn in black and white. Text below the image reads - "Brass" and "Judy," Clumber Spaniels, the property of G. Vernon, Esq., of Hanbury Hall|A drawing of two Clumber Spaniels from 1858.]]
[[image:Clumber Spaniel from 1915.JPG|thumb|right|alt=A mostly white dog with a docked tail and a full coat.|A Clumber Spaniel from 1915.]]
The breed's history is uncertain before the middle of the 19th century. One theory is that it originated in France, stating that the [[Duc de Noailles]] at the time of the [[French Revolution]] gave his kennel of prized spaniels to the [[Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle|Duke of Newcastle]] at [[Clumber Park]] in [[Nottinghamshire]].<ref name="spiotta41">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 41</ref> The theory goes, that the now extinct [[Alpine Spaniel]] was bred with [[Basset Hound]]s, and the [[Pyrenean Mountain Dog]] also known as the [[Great Pyrenees]]. A second theory is that it is descended from the old type of Bleinheim Spaniel, which was later to be incorporated into the [[King Charles Spaniel|King Charles]] breed of Spaniel.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Clumber Spaniel |last=Farrow |first=James |year=1912 |publisher=The Illustrated News Company }}</ref>

What is certain is that the breed took its name from Clumber Park<ref name="spiotta41"/> and that the Duke of Newcastle's [[gamekeeper]], William Mansell, is credited with their development and improvement. [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Prince Albert]], the [[Prince consort]] of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]], was a fancier and promoter of the breed, as was his son [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]], who bred them at the [[Sandringham House|Sandringham]] estate in Norfolk.<ref name="kennel"/> The breed was shown in England from 1859 onward.<ref name="kennel"/> They are referred to in Queen Victoria's diary: on October 16, 1840, she wrote, "Walked out directly after breakfast before Albert went to shoot. He had his 7 fine Clumber Spaniels with us and we went into the Slopes, with such a funny old Gamekeeper, Walters, in order that I should see how the dogs found out their game. They are such dear, nice dogs."<ref name="kennel">{{cite web |url=http://www.kennel.com/clumberspaniel/index.html |title=Clumber Spaniel |publisher=Kennel.com |access-date=2009-12-08 |archive-date=2010-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330034559/http://kennel.com/clumberspaniel/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Until the mid 19th century the breeding of the Clumber Spaniel was mostly restricted to the nobility. During [[World War I]] breeding was stopped entirely causing their numbers to decrease to a record low. In 1925, [[King George V]] re-developed a line of Clumbers in the Royal Kennel and were used in the fields in the Sandringham Estate.<ref name="tp">{{cite web |url=http://www.terrificpets.com/dog_breeds/clumber_spaniel.asp |title=Clumber Spaniels |publisher=TerrificPets.com |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>

Sh. Ch. Raycroft Socialite, bred by Rae Furness and owned by Ralph Dunne of County Cavan, Ireland, won the coveted honor of Best In Show at the 1991 Crufts Centenary Show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clumber.org/ifcs/cs_faq.htm |title=Clumber Spaniel FAQ |last=Presnall |first=Ed |date=June 2006 |publisher=Clumber.org |access-date=2009-12-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080629075110/http://www.clumber.org/ifcs/cs_faq.htm |archive-date = June 29, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Clumber Spaniel is currently recognised as a [[Vulnerable Native Breed]] by the UK Kennel Club, which means it is a breed with fewer than 300 new registrations each year. Other spaniels recognised as such are the [[Field Spaniel]], [[Irish Water Spaniel]] and [[Sussex Spaniel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/808 |title=An Introduction to the Vulnerable Native Breeds |work=[[The Kennel Club]] |access-date=2009-12-15 |archive-date=2013-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116211004/http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/808 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Clumber Spaniels in North America ===
While the breed was not shown widely in the United States prior to the late 1960s, in 1844, Lieutenant Venables, an officer of the British regiment stationed in [[City of Halifax|Halifax, Nova Scotia]], introduced the Clumber Spaniel to North America.<ref name="spiotta42"/> The first Clumber Spaniel listed in the AKC registry, recorded for the date of 1878 was Bustler, an orange and white dog owned by Benjamin Smith of Nova Scotia. The Clumber Spaniel became one of the first ten breeds recognised by the [[American Kennel Club]] in 1884.<ref name="spiotta42">[[#Spiotta-DiMare|Spiotta-DiMare (1999)]]: p. 42</ref>

The first Clumber Spaniel was entered in the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show]] in 1878.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/history/sportbrecords.html|title=Breed Records: Sporting Group|work=Westminster Kennel Club|access-date=2009-12-08|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416041505/http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/history/sportbrecords.html|archive-date=2013-04-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Champion Clussexx Country Sunrise ("Brady"), bred by Doug Johnson and owned by Richard and Judith Zaleski of Florida, became the only Clumber to win Best in Show there in 1996. Samantha, now a six year old retired competitor placed 1st in her category for Clumber Spaniels, and competed within Kaston Kennels home of the World Famous Vanitonia Show Kennel. She now resides in Lake Forest Il.<ref name="clussexxhistory">{{cite web |url=http://clussexx.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28 |title=A History of Clussexx |work=Clussexx Clumber Spaniel |access-date=2009-12-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110107002537/http://clussexx.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=28|archive-date = 7 January 2011 }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=The Sporting Spaniel Handbook |last=Spiotta-DiMare |first=Loren |year=1999 |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |isbn=978-0-7641-0884-6 |ref=Spiotta-DiMare}}<!--|access-date=2009-12-08-->
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.workingclumber.co.uk/ The Working Clumber Spaniel Society]
* [http://www.clumbers.org/ Clumber Spaniel Club of America]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010804145751/http://www.geocities.com/clumber_spaniel_club_of_canada Clumber Spaniel Club of Canada]
* [http://www.clumbers.co.uk/ The Clumber Spaniel Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201084021/http://www.clumbers.co.uk/ |date=2005-12-01 }}

<!--- en:Clumber Spaniel --->

{{Gundogs}}
{{English dogs}}
{{good article}}

[[Category:FCI breeds]]
[[Category:Spaniels]]
[[Category:Gundogs]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in England]]
[[Category:Rare dog breeds]]
[[Category:Vulnerable Native Breeds]]