Editing Clun

{{Short description|Town in Shropshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country =                 England
|coordinates = {{coord|52.4214|-3.0297|display=inline,title}}
|official_name=            Clun
|population = 680
|population_ref = ([[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 Census]])
|civil_parish=[[Clun and Chapel Lawn]]
|unitary_england=           [[Shropshire (district)|Shropshire]]
|lieutenancy_england =    [[Shropshire]]
|region=                  West Midlands
|constituency_westminster=     [[South Shropshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Shropshire]]
|post_town=        CRAVEN ARMS
|postcode_district =       SY7
|postcode_area=            SY
|dial_code=      01588
|os_grid_reference=     SO302808
|static_image_name=ClunBridge2c.jpg
|static_image_caption=[[Clun Bridge]] over the [[River Clun, Shropshire|River Clun]]
}}
[[File:Annual sheep auction at Clun (3468631762).jpg|thumb|Annual sheep auction; P B Abery (1877?–1948); 1920s]]
[[File:Clun post office (1293401).jpg|thumb|Clun post office, 1910s]]
'''Clun''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|ʌ|n}} is a town in south west [[Shropshire]], England, and the [[Shropshire Hills AONB|Shropshire Hills]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The 2011 [[United Kingdom census|census]] recorded 680 people living in the town.<ref name="newpop">Combined populations for the two output areas covering the town.[http://www.ukcensusdata.com/clun-e00147706] and [http://www.ukcensusdata.com/clun-e00147705]</ref> Research by the [[Campaign for the Protection of Rural England]] suggests that Clun is one of the "most tranquil" locations in England.<ref>{{cite web | author=Campaign for the Protection of Rural England | author-link=Campaign for the Protection of Rural England | title=Tranquillity map: Shropshire | url=http://www.cpre.org.uk/campaigns/landscape/tranquillity/national-and-regional-tranquillity-maps/county-tranquillity-map-shropshire | access-date=19 July 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614092814/http://www.cpre.org.uk/campaigns/landscape/tranquillity/national-and-regional-tranquillity-maps/county-tranquillity-map-shropshire | archive-date=14 June 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==History==
Clun takes its name from the river upon whose banks it stands. Deriving from the Welsh {{lang|cy|Colunwy}}, it shares its very early [[Common Brittonic|Brythonic]] root with the two rivers Colne, in [[Lancashire]] and [[Essex]], each of which has a town of the same name on its banks.<ref>Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Shropshire/Clun|title=Clun|work=Key to English Place-names|publisher=[[English Place Name Society]] at the [[University of Nottingham]]|access-date = 18 August 2013}}</ref>

Clun grew up around the site of an Anglo-Saxon church towards the end of the 7th century AD. However, in the surrounding area there was a scattered population at least as early as the [[Neolithic period]], about 5000 years ago. Clun was on the historic [[drove road]] where flocks and herds were driven from Wales to the markets in the Midlands and London. At the time of the [[Norman Conquest]] Clun formed part of the extensive lands of [[Eadric the Wild]], who led a revolt against [[William I of England|King William I]], whereon his lands were confiscated and given to [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|Roger de Montgomery]] who was created [[Earl of Shrewsbury]]. Roger in turn granted 27 manors, of which Clun was the largest, to [[De Say|Picot de Say]].<ref>[http://opendomesday.org/place/SO3080/clun/ Open Domesday Online: Clun]; accessed August 2018.</ref>  These lands constituted a single Marcher Lordship which became known as the Barony of Clun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/clun-castle/history/|title=The History of Clun Castle|publisher=English Heritage|access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> The de Say family established [[Clun Castle]].<ref>Mackenzie, James D. (1896) ''The Castles of England: Their Story and Structure, Vol II.''  New York: Macmillan, p. 131</ref>
[[File:Clun Castle 02.jpg|thumb|[[Clun Castle]]]]

The 14th-century pack horse bridge that crosses the river connecting Saxon Clun to Norman Clun has given rise to a local saying: "whoever crosses Clun Bridge comes back sharper than he went".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVRRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|title=Nooks and Corners of Shropshire|first=H. Thornhill |last=Timmins|year=2018|page=77|publisher=Outlook Verlag|isbn=978-3732631872}}</ref>

Clun Mill located to the north of the town is nicknamed the "malevolent mill" on account of numerous deaths having been recorded there and occupants disappearing after purchasing it. Last used around 1920, it opened as a youth hostel in 1932.<ref name=yh>[http://calmview.bham.ac.uk/GetDocument.ashx?db=Catalog&fname=YHA+Historical+listing+of+all+youth+hostels+and+associated+accommodation+Y900003.pdf Historic listing of YHA hostels]</ref>

==Geography==
The town's name is taken from that of the [[River Clun, Shropshire|River Clun]] ({{langx|cy|Colunwy}}), which flows from west to east through the settlement. The Clun Valley is dominated by agriculture, though some areas of woodland remain. The [[River Unk, Shropshire|River Unk]] joins the Clun just to the west of the town.

The [[A488 road|A488]] and B4368 roads cross in the town of Clun. [[Craven Arms]], [[Bishop's Castle]] and [[Ludlow]] are the neighbouring Shropshire towns, and [[Knighton, Powys|Knighton]], which is in [[Wales]], is {{convert|7|mi|km|0}} to the south. Nearby is [[Offa's Dyke]] and the [[Offa's Dyke Path]]. [[Clun Forest]] is to the west of the town, further upstream of the Rivers Unk and Clun. The [[Jack Mytton Way]] passes through the town as does the [[Shropshire Way]] and further significant historic routes pass through the area.
[[File:" Clun" and the Clun valley (1295153).jpg|left|thumb|Clun, in the "Clun Valley", surrounded by agricultural lands in the early 20th century.]]

The town centre on the north bank of the River Clun lies {{convert|185|m}} above sea level while the oldest part of the settlement, by [[St George]]'s Church on the south bank, is a little more elevated, at {{convert|193|m}}. Between the two, [[Clun Bridge]] {{convert|181|m}} above sea level) carries the A488 and B4368 routes across the river.

In addition to Clun Bridge there is also a [[ford (river)|ford]] further downstream, at Waterloo, which has recently been made usable to most motor vehicles, A third crossing point, a footbridge just upstream of Clun Bridge, connects the town's main car park to the castle grounds.

The population of the [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] of [[Clun and Chapel Lawn|Clun]] was 1,184 as measured by the 2011 census.<ref name=census>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11122118&c=Clun&d=16&e=61&g=6461061&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1383559493965&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2491 National Statistics] Clun parish population density area in 2011</ref> The population of the town is considerably less than that of its much wider parish, recorded as just 680 people in 2011,<ref name=newpop/> compared with 642 in 2001; this is a population normally associated with that of a village in modern-day England. It is said that the population of the town is now smaller than it was during the flourishing days of the [[wool trade]] in England centuries ago. The town is the smallest in Shropshire and is smaller than many villages in the county. It is also the only town in Shropshire never to have had a railway line or station.

The [[wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral division]] of Clun covers a much wider area than the civil parish and the population of this division recorded at the 2011 census was 3,964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/clun-e05008156#sthash.wyWOP4OO.dpbs |title=Ward population 2011 |access-date=24 November 2015 }}</ref>

==Attractions==
[[File:Clun Town Hall and Museum - geograph.org.uk - 380354.jpg|thumb|right|[[Clun Town Hall]], now a museum, by The Square]]
Attractions in the town include:

*the [[Norman architecture|Norman]] [[Clun Castle]], now only a [[ruin]] but with grounds which are used for the May fair
*the fifteenth century [[Clun Bridge]] (basically a [[packhorse bridge]]), most of which is still the original stone despite being a road bridge today used by all vehicles
*Trinity Hospital, [[almshouse]]s built in 1614, on Hospital Lane
*a museum in [[Clun Town Hall]], on the corner of The Square and High Street<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Clun Museum|num=1054426|access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>

The main church in the town is St George's Church, which is situated on the steep rise out of the town ("Church Street") to the south of Clun Bridge.<ref>{{cite web | title=St George's Church, Clun | url=http://www.clun.org.uk/church.htm | website=www.clun.org.uk | location=UK | access-date=30 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808024730/http://www.clun.org.uk/church.htm | archive-date=8 August 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The nave includes [[Norman architecture|Norman]] columns, but the entire church apart from the tower was rebuilt extensively by the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] architect [[G. E. Street]] in 1877.<ref>Brief Notes on St George's Church, Clun.</ref>

Clun is a popular starting point for walkers who wish to explore the [[Shropshire Way]], the [[Jack Mytton Way]] or the local circular walks. A walkers' car park is situated at the Memorial Hall.

==Facilities==
The main streets in the town are Enfield Street, The Square, High Street, Ford Street, Bridge Street and Church Street. Along these streets are a handful of shops including a hair salon and a convenience store. The town previously had two butchers, which have since closed. However, there are two cafes, one directly on the bridge in a beautiful spot. Caractacus is a shop selling many things from candles to cards in the Square and further along on Ford Street is Craft Creations which opens on selected days and sells handcrafted items made by artisans in the Clun Valley. There is also a post office (now within the convenience store) and a museum in the Square. On the Craven Arms Road there are a number of small businesses (mostly at "The Green Industrial Estate"), as well as the [[Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service|local fire station]].

There are two [[public houses|pubs]] in the town – the Sun Inn<ref>{{cite web | title=The Sun Inn | url=http://thesunatclun.co.uk/ | access-date=11 March 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120200026/http://www.thesunatclun.co.uk/ | archive-date=20 January 2008 | url-status=usurped }}</ref> and the White Horse Inn.<ref>{{cite web | title=The White Horse Inn| url=http://www.whi-clun.co.uk/ | access-date=13 August 2008 }}</ref> The Buffalo Head Hotel ("the Buffalo") has been closed since about 2004, but has not yet been converted into another use (it lies dormant). The White Horse has an entry in the [[Campaign for Real Ale|CAMRA]] ''[[Good Beer Guide]]'' 2015.

The town has a primary school (St George's). Renowned for its great nursery, the school is situated near the church where it holds its annual nativity and various festivals and plays, open to children and parents. The school has a reputation across Shropshire for its excellent education and student support.

There are two community centres: the Memorial Hall (dedicated to local dead of both World Wars whose names are listed on boards indoors) in the north,<ref>{{cite book|last=Francis|first=Peter|title=Shropshire War Memorials, Sites of Remembrance|year=2013|publisher=YouCaxton Publishing, Bishops Castle|page=87|isbn=978-1-909644-11-3}}</ref> which hosts community events such as sports days and flicks in the sticks (regular showings of films and plays), and can also be rented out for weddings; and the Hightown Community Room, located in the south

There is also a [[Youth Hostel]] at Clun Mill, just to the north of the town.

There is a short stay car park on the B4368 [[Newcastle, Shropshire|Newcastle]] Road, near Clun Bridge, where there are public toilets, although walkers and tourists are encouraged to use the longer stay Memorial Hall car park to prevent overcrowding.

==Festivals==
[[File:Ruins of Clun Castle.jpg|thumb|160px|Ruins of [[Clun Castle]], 2007]]
Over the three days of the first [[May bank holiday]] every year, the [[Green Man]] festival is held. On the bank holiday Monday the Green Man enters Clun to battle the spirit of winter at Clun Bridge and a May fair is held in the grounds of [[Clun Castle]] with a [[May Queen]].<ref>[http://www.clungreenman.org.uk Clun Green Man Festival], UK.</ref>

The last weekend in June is Clun Open Gardens. Approximately 20 private gardens are open to the public. Cream teas, plants, books and refurbished garden tools are all on sale. St George's Church is the host to flower arrangements and also holds music recitals.<ref>[http://www.clungardensopen.co.uk Clun Open Gardens], UK.</ref>

The first Saturday in August every year sees the Clun Carnival and Show take place with a procession through the town's streets and a fete at the playing fields to the north of the town. Local people of all ages flock to exhibit their marrows, Victoria sponges and flower arrangements in the show tent. There are many stalls, a bouncy castle and a tea tent.<ref>[http://www.visitshropshirehills.co.uk/towns/clun/ Visit Shropshire Hills] Clun</ref><ref>[http://www.shropshirestar.com/entertainment/2016/07/21/town-ready-for-clun-carnival-capers/ Shropshire Star] ''Town ready for Clun Carnival capers''</ref>

The first weekend in October sees the Clun Valley Beer Festival<ref>{{cite web| title=Clun Valley Beer Festival | url=http://www.cvbf.co.uk/ | access-date=13 August 2008 }}</ref> which takes place in the six open pubs in the valley (from [[Anchor, Shropshire|Anchor]] to [[Aston on Clun]]).

==Media==
In terms of television, the town is covered by [[BBC Midlands Today]] and [[ITV News Central]] both broadcast from [[Birmingham]]. Television signals are received from the local relay transmitter which is transmitted from the [[The Wrekin transmitting station|Wrekin]] transmitter, it is situated south east of the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Clun |title=Freeview Light on the Clun (Shropshire, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004 |accessdate =12 March 2024 }}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Shropshire]] on 104.1 FM, [[Sunshine Radio (Ludlow)|Sunshine Radio]] on 105.9 FM, [[Greatest Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire]] on 106.5 FM, and [[Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire]] on 103.1 FM.

The ''[[Shropshire Star]]'' is the local newspaper which covers the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/shropshire-star/|title=Shropshire Star|date=10 September 2013|website=British Papers|accessdate=12 March 2024}}</ref>

==Related uses of the name==
{{see also|Clun Forest sheep}}
Clun is also a term used sometimes for the extreme southwest part of the county of Shropshire. [[Shropshire Council]] has an [[Ward (country subdivision)|electoral division]] called Clun which covers Clun and the surrounding parishes. From the 2009 elections this electoral division continued to exist, though became slightly smaller. The electoral division returns one councillor to the council. The term "Clun Valley" is also used for the villages and communities along the River Clun – such as [[Anchor, Shropshire|Anchor]], [[Newcastle, Shropshire|Newcastle]] and [[Aston on Clun]].

[[File:John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk.jpg|thumb|140px|John Howard, 1st [[Duke of Norfolk]], (3rd creation)]]
[[File:Bruce Bairnsfather cph.3a03821.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Bruce Bairnsfather]], 1918]]
==Notable people==
* [[Robert de Say]] (11th C.) Norman knight, noted for the initial construction of [[Clun Castle]]
* [[Henry de Say]] (died after 1130) Norman nobleman, lived in Clun, he inherited [[Clun Castle]] from his father, Robert
* [[Henry de Say#Helias de Say|Helias de Say]] (died 1165), also called Hellias, a Norman nobleman, lived in Clun
* [[Duke of Norfolk]] (third creation 1483) is also Baron of Clun.
* [[Robert Howard (Royalist)|Sir Robert Howard]] (1585–1653) politician, inherited [[Clun Castle]] in 1626 from his brother.<ref>{{DNB Cite|wstitle=Howard, Robert (1585-1653)}}</ref>
* [[George Herbert (priest)|The Hon George Herbert]] (1825-1894) was Vicar of Clun 1855-1867 before becoming [[Dean of Hereford]].<ref>{{acad|id=HRBT844G|name=Herbert, the Hon. George}}</ref>
* [[Bruce Bairnsfather]] (1887–1959) cartoonist, created ''[[Old Bill (comics)|Old Bill]]'' cartoons, lived at Cresswell House during [[World War II|WWII]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nicolle|first=Dorothy|title=Discovering Shropshire Towns|year=2009|publisher=Blue Hills Press|page=40}}</ref>
* [[Keith Kissack]] (1913 in Clun – 2010) a British schoolteacher and historian
* [[John Osborne]] (1929–1994 in Clunton) playwright, wrote ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'', lived in [[Clunton]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Heilpern |first=John |author-link=John Heilpern |title=John Osborne: A Patriot for Us |url=https://archive.org/details/johnosbornepatri0000heil |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7011-6780-6 |pages=470–479}}</ref>
* [[Guy N. Smith]] (1939–2020) English writer mainly in [[horror fiction]] and other genres, lived near Clun in later life.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cleaner, 40, took £2,400 from top novelist who trusted her|work=Shropshire Star|date=20 July 2022|page=19}}Report by Mark Andrews.</ref>
===Sports===
* [[John Burrough (Cambridge University cricketer)|John Burrough]] (1873 in Clun – 1922) first-class cricketer, played in 24 matches for [[Cambridge University Cricket Club|Cambridge University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/28/28319/28319.html | title = Player profile: John Burrough | publisher = CricketArchive | accessdate = 5 February 2013}}</ref>
* [[William Burrough (cricketer)|William Burrough]] (1875 in Clun – 1939) played first-class cricket for [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/3/3472/3472.html| title = William Burrough| publisher = www.cricketarchive.com |url-access=subscription | accessdate = 2010-04-25}}</ref>
* [[Martin Woosnam]] (1903–1962) Welsh international footballer, played for [[Thames A.F.C.]] and [[Brentford F.C.]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Timeless Bees: Brentford F.C. Who's Who 1920–2006 |last1=Haynes |first1=Graham |publisher=Yore Publications |year=2006 |isbn=978-0955294914 |location=Harefield |pages=172 |first2=Frank |last2=Coumbe}}</ref>

==In culture==

* [[Sir Walter Scott]] is said to have stayed at The Buffalo Inn while writing part of his novel [[The Betrothed (Scott novel)|''The Betrothed'']] (published 1825), basing the castle called in the story ''Garde Doloreuse'' on Clun Castle.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dickins|first=Gordon|title=An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire|year=1987|publisher=Shropshire Libraries|pages=63, 94|isbn=0-903802-37-6}}</ref>
* In ''[[A Shropshire Lad]]'', [[A.&nbsp;E. Housman]] wrote the verse: "[[Clunton]] and [[Clunbury]],/ [[Clungunford]] and Clun,/ Are the quietest places/ Under the sun."<ref>{{cite book |last=Housman |first=A. E. |author-link=A. E. Housman |title=A Shropshire Lad |date=1906 |publisher=John Lane Company |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/shropshirelad00hous/page/76 |page=76}}</ref>
* [[E. M. Forster]] visited Clun, which subsequently featured as Oniton in his novel ''[[Howards End]]'' (1910).<ref>''An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire'', pp.31-32, 94.</ref>
* [[Malcolm Saville]] wrote a series of books about a group of children who solve mysteries and have adventures (The Lone Pine Club) either in Clun or in places close to the town.

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Destinations from Clun'''
|Northwest = [[Cefn Einion]], [[Mainstone]]
|North     = [[Colebatch, Shropshire|Colebatch]]<br>'''[[Bishop's Castle]]'''
|Northeast = [[Lydbury North]]<br>'''[[Shrewsbury]]''' ''([[county town]])''
|West      = [[Whitcott Keysett]], [[Newcastle, Shropshire|Newcastle]], [[Bettws-y-crwyn]], [[Anchor, Shropshire|Anchor]]
|Centre    = Clun
|East      = [[Clunton]], [[Clunbury]], [[Purslow]], [[Aston on Clun]]<br>'''[[Craven Arms]]'''
|Southwest = [[Llanfair Waterdine]], [[Knucklas]]
|South     = [[New Invention, Shropshire|New Invention]]<br>'''[[Knighton, Powys|Knighton]]'''
|Southeast = [[Bucknell, Shropshire|Bucknell]], [[Bedstone]], [[Leintwardine]]
}}

==See also==
*[[Listed buildings in Clun]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Clun}}
{{Wikivoyage|Clun}}
*[http://www.clun-chapellawn.org.uk/ Clun Town Council]
*[http://www.discovershropshire.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/homepage:20060811144911 Clun Town Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413021714/http://www.discovershropshire.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/homepage:20060811144911 |date=13 April 2021 }}
*[http://www.clun.org.uk Clun and Clun Valley] (for visitors)

{{Shropshire}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Clun| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Shropshire]]
[[Category:Towns of the Welsh Marches]]