Editing Cockade

{{Short description|Rosette or knot of ribbon used as an ornament}}
[[File:Grottger-pozegnanie fragm.jpg|thumb|right|A woman fastening a [[Flag of Poland|red-and-white]] cockade to a Polish insurgent's square-shaped ''[[rogatywka]]'' cap during the [[January Uprising]] of 1863–64]]

A '''cockade''' is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a [[hat]] or [[cap]]. The word cockade derives from the French ''cocarde'', from Old French ''coquarde'', feminine of ''coquard'' (vain, arrogant), from ''coc'' (cock), of imitative origin. The earliest documented use was in 1709.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wordsmith.org/words/cockade.html | title=Cockade }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cockade | title=The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Cockade }}</ref>

The first cockades were introduced in Europe in the 15th century.{{sfn|Adye|1802|p=271}}{{sfn|Troiani|1998|p=99}} The armies of the European states used them to signal the nationality of their soldiers to distinguish allies from enemies.{{sfn|Adye|1802|p=271}}{{sfn|Troiani|1998|p=99}} These first cockades were inspired by the distinctive coloured bands and ribbons that were used in the [[Late Middle Ages]] by [[Chivalry|knights]], both in war and in [[Tournament (medieval)|tournaments]], which had the same purpose, namely to distinguish the opponent from the fellow soldier.{{sfn|Lucchetti|2014|loc=Chapt. 22}} 

The cockade later became a revolutionary symbol par excellence during the insurrectional uprisings of the 18th and 19th centuries. Its main characteristic was that of being able to be clearly visible, thus giving way to unequivocally identify the political ideas of the person who wore it, as well as that of being, in case of need, better hideable than, for example, a flag.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/speciali/colori/Ridolfi.html|title=La politica dei colori nell'Italia contemporanea|access-date=5 August 2018|language=it}}</ref>

==18th century==
[[File:Coccarda FRANCIA.svg|thumb|The [[cockade of France]], which originated and spread among the revolts of the [[French Revolution]]]]
[[File:Coccarda ITALIA.svg|thumb|The [[cockade of Italy]], on which the [[national colours of Italy]] were based in 1789]]
In the 18th and 19th centuries, coloured cockades were used in Europe to show the allegiance of their wearers to some political faction, or to show their rank or to indicate a servant's livery.<ref name="google31">{{cite book|title=Patriots Against Fashion: Clothing and Nationalism in Europe's Age of Revolutions|author=Maxwell, A.|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=9781137277145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLpCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT94|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic|author=Newman, S.P.|date=2010|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated|isbn=9780812200478|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvKSSSZzrBoC&pg=PA161|page=161|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> Because individual armies might wear a variety of differing regimental [[Military uniform|uniforms]], cockades were used as an effective and economical means of national identification.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Mollo|page=22|title=Military Fashion|year=1972 |publisher=Barrie and Jenkins |isbn=0-214-65349-8}}</ref>

A cockade was pinned on the side of a man's [[tricorne]] or [[cocked hat]], or on his lapel. Women could also wear it on their hat or in their hair.

In pre-revolutionary France, the cockade of the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] dynasty was all white.<ref name="google3">{{cite book|title=The White Cockade; Or, Bourbon Songster: Being a Patriotic Collection of Songs on the Downfall of Tyranny, and Restoration of Louis XVIII., Etc. &#91;A Chap-book.&#93;|date=1814|publisher=J. Evans & Son|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jzZYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2|page=2|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google4">{{cite book|title=Cobbett's Political Register|author=Cobbett, W.|date=1814|volume=25|publisher=William Cobbett|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hxbAAAAIAAJ&pg=PT219|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google5">{{cite book|title=Paris: Biography of a City|author=Jones, C.|date=2006|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=9780141941912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SsbYzVMR9gC&pg=PT356|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> In the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] supporters of a [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] restoration wore white cockades, while the recently established [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]ian monarchy used a black cockade.<ref name="google6">{{cite book|title=Revolution and Political Conflict in the French Navy 1789-1794|author=Cormack, W.S.|date=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521893756|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoYNr3k9I9kC&pg=PA65|page=65|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google7">{{cite book|title=The Hanoverian Army of the Napoleonic Wars|author1=Hofschröer, P.|author2=Fosten, B.|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781780965178|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MbqHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google8">{{cite book|title=Travels in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia and Turkey: also on the coasts of the sea of Azof and of the Black sea; with a review of the trade in those seas, and of the systems adopted to man the fleets of the different powers of Europe, compared with that of England|author=Jones, G.M.|date=1827|publisher=J. Murray|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.7732|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.7732/page/n36 22]|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google9">{{cite book|title=British Army Uniforms of the American Revolution 1751-1783|author=Franklin, C.|date=2012|publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited|isbn=9781848846906|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0DYFfcfgdsC&pg=PA111|page=111|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> The Hanoverians also accorded the right to all German nobility to wear the black cockade in the United Kingdom.

During the 1780 [[Gordon Riots]] in London, the blue cockade became a symbol of anti-government feelings and was worn by most of the rioters.<ref name="google10">{{cite book|title=Military Intervention in Britain: From the Gordon Riots to the Gibraltar Incident|author=Babington, A.|date=2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781317397717|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-SoCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|page=21|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google11">{{cite book|title=The Covent Garden Journal ...|author=Stockdale, J.J.|date=1810|publisher=J.J. Stockdale|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xWVBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA130|page=130|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google12">{{cite book|title=Philosophical Melancholy and Delirium: Hume's Pathology of Philosophy|author=Livingston, D.W.|date=1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226487175|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VP6Xjt8R1sC&pg=PA275|page=275|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google13">{{cite book|title=The popular educator|author=Popular educator|date=1767|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDECAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA254|page=254|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google14">{{cite book|title=Riot City: Protest and Rebellion in the Capital|author=Bloom, C.|date=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137029362|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pg5BR2DS40C&pg=PA147|page=147|access-date=2017-03-05}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="google15">{{cite book|title=The Vagabond|author1=Walker, G.|author2=Verhoeven, W.M.|date=2004|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=9781460404256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eARoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253|page=253|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google16">{{cite book|title=Clifford for ever! O.P. and no P.B. The Trial between H. Clifford, plaintiff, and J. Brandon, defendant, for an assault and false imprisonment, etc|author1=CLIFFORD, H.|author2=Brandon, J.|date=1809|publisher=John Fairburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edpZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19|page=19|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google17">{{cite book|title=The Gordon Riots: Politics, Culture and Insurrection in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain|author1=Haywood, I.|author2=Seed, J.|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521195423|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ae9sYCAFJB4C&pg=PA107|page=107|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

During the [[American Revolution]], the [[Continental Army]] initially wore cockades of various colors as an ''ad hoc'' form of rank insignia, as General [[George Washington]] wrote:

{{blockquote |As the Continental Army has unfortunately no uniforms, and consequently many inconveniences must arise from not being able to distinguish the commissioned officers from the privates, it is desired that some badge of distinction be immediately provided; for instance that the field officers may have red or pink colored cockades in their hats, the captains yellow or buff, and the [[subalterns]] green.<ref name="defense">{{cite web|url=http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42199|publisher=archive.defense.gov|title=Defense.gov News Article: Insignia: The Way You Tell Who's Who in the Military|access-date=2017-03-05|archive-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123063615/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42199|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="google18">{{cite book|title=American archives|author=Force, P.|date=1844|publisher=Рипол Классик|isbn=9785885286961|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5oTAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA1745|pages=2–1745|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>}}

Before long however, the Continental Army reverted to wearing the black cockade they inherited from the British. Later, when [[Franco-American relations#France and the American Revolution|France became an ally of the United States]], the Continental Army pinned the white cockade of the French ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' onto their old black cockade; the French reciprocally pinned the black cockade onto their white cockade, as a mark of the French-American alliance. The black-and-white cockade thus became known as the "Union Cockade".<ref name="google19">{{cite book|title=LincolnÂ?s 90-Day Volunteers 1861: From Fort Sumter to First Bull Run|author1=Field, R.|author2=Hook, A.|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781782009214|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKWqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|page=47|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google20">{{cite book|title=Early American Drama|author=Richards, J.H.|date=1997|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=9781101177211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rLpLlr1gBBoC&pg=PA68|page=68|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google21">{{cite book|title=Lincoln's Citadel: The Civil War in Washington, DC|author=Winkle, K.J.|date=2013|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=9780393240573|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQBVqYGnyfIC&pg=PT67|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google22">{{cite book|title=Patriots Against Fashion: Clothing and Nationalism in Europe's Age of Revolutions|author=Maxwell, A.|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=9781137277145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLpCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT86|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google23">{{cite book|title=The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865|author=Fahs, A.|date=2010|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=9780807899298|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LV3qCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|page=43|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

In the [[Storming of the Bastille]], [[Camille Desmoulins]] initially encouraged the revolutionary crowd to wear green. This colour was later rejected as it was associated with the [[Charles X of France|Count of Artois]]. Instead, revolutionaries would wear cockades with the traditional colours of the [[Coat of arms of Paris|arms of Paris]]: red and blue. Later, the Bourbon white was added to this cockade,  thus producing the original [[cockade of France]].<ref name="google22"/> Later, distinctive colours and styles of cockade would indicate the wearer's faction; although the meanings of the various styles were not entirely consistent, and they varied somewhat by region and period.

The [[cockade of Italy]] is one of the [[national symbols of Italy|national symbols of the country]] and is composed of the [[National colours of Italy|three colours]] of the [[Italian flag]] with the green in the centre, the white immediately outside and the red on the edge.<ref name="castellalfero">{{Cite web|url=http://www.castellalfero.net/public/x/modules/news/print.php?storyid=2255|title=La Coccarda alla Biblioteca Museo Risorgimento|access-date=7 May 2017|language=it}}</ref> The cockade, a revolutionary symbol, was the protagonist of the uprisings that characterized the [[Italian unification]], being pinned on the jacket or on the hats in its tricolour form by many of the patriots of this period of [[history of Italy|Italian history]]. The Italian tricolour cockade appeared for the first time in [[Genoa]] on 21 August 1789,<ref name="Cita|Ferorelli|p. 662">{{cite journal |last1=Ferorelli |first1=Nicola |date=1925 |title=La vera origine del tricolore italiano |url=http://www.risorgimento.it/rassegna/index.php?id=10511&ricerca_inizio=0&ricerca_query=&ricerca_ordine=DESC&ricerca_libera= |journal=Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento |volume=XII |issue=fasc. III |language=it |pages=662 |access-date=2019-09-25 |archive-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181159/http://www.risorgimento.it/rassegna/index.php?id=10511&ricerca_inizio=0&ricerca_query=&ricerca_ordine=DESC&ricerca_libera= |url-status=dead }}</ref> and with it the colours of the three Italian national colours.<ref name="Cita|Ferorelli|p. 662"/> Seven years later, the first tricolour military banner was adopted by the [[Lombard Legion]] in [[Milan]] on 11 October 1796,<ref name="difesa">{{cite web|url=http://www.difesa.it/InformazioniDellaDifesa/periodico/IlPeriodico_AnniPrecedenti/Documents/LEsercito_del_primo_Tricolore.pdf|title=L'Esercito del primo Tricolore|access-date=8 March 2017|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309071221/http://www.difesa.it/InformazioniDellaDifesa/periodico/IlPeriodico_AnniPrecedenti/Documents/LEsercito_del_primo_Tricolore.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> and eight years later, the birth of the [[flag of Italy]] had its origins on 7 January 1797, when it became for the first time a national flag of an Italian sovereign State, the [[Cispadane Republic]].<ref name="quirinale-pdf">{{Cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.pdf|title=I simboli della Repubblica|language=it|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006182656/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

==European military==
[[File:Dom João, Príncipe Regente, passando revista às tropas na Azambuja - Domingos Sequeira, 1803 (cropped1).png|thumb|right|[[John VI of Portugal]] wearing the blue-and-red cockade of Portugal on a military cocked hat]]
[[File:Kokarde Schwarz-Weiß-Rot 1897.jpg|thumb|A metal cockade on the swivel of a [[Pickelhaube]] helmet.]]
From the 15th century, various [[Europe]]an monarchy realms used cockades to denote the nationalities of their militaries.<ref name="google24">{{cite book|title=The Little Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner. By Ralph Willett Adye|author=ADYE, R.W.|date=1802|publisher=T. Egerton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-thAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA271|page=271|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google25">{{cite book|title=Don Troiani's Soldiers in America, 1754-1865|author1=Troiani, D.|author2=Kochan, J.L.|author3=Coates, J.|author4=Kochan, J.|date=1998|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=9780811705196|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780811705196|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780811705196/page/99 99]|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> Their origin reverts to the distinctive colored band or ribbon worn by late medieval armies or jousting knights on their arms or headgear to distinguish friend from foe in the field of battle. Ribbon-style cockades were worn later upon helmets and brimmed hats or [[tricorne]]s and [[bicorne]]s just as the French did, and also on [[cocked hat]]s and [[shako]]es. Coloured metal cockades were worn at the right side of [[helmet]]s; while small button-type cockades were worn at the front of [[kepi]]s and peaked caps.<ref name="google27">{{cite book|title=The Kaiser's Army: The German Army in World War One|author=Stone, D.|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781844862924|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-u7sCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT175|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google28">{{cite book|title=MILITARY UNIFORMS IN EUROPE 1900 - 2000 Volume One|author=Kidd, R.S.|date=2013|publisher=LULU Press|isbn=9781291187441|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FE4DBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|page=128|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> In addition to the significance of these symbols in denoting loyalty to a particular monarch, the coloured cockade served to provide a common and economical field sign at a time when the colours of uniform coats might vary widely between regiments in a single army.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Mollo|pages=30–31|title=Military Fashion|year=1972 |isbn=0-214-65349-8}}</ref>
   
During the [[Napoleonic wars]], the armies of [[France]] and [[Russia]], had the imperial French cockade or the larger cockade of [[St. George]] pinned on the front of their [[shako]]s.<ref name="google29">{{cite book|title=Napoleon's Mercenaries: Foreign Units in the French Army Under the Consulate and Empire, 1799-1814|author=Dempsey, G.|date=2002|publisher=Greenhill Books|isbn=9781853674884|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cUuaBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267|page=267|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

The Second [[German Empire]] (1870–1918) used two cockades on each army headgear: one (black-white-red) for the empire; the other for one of the monarchies the empire was composed of, which had used their own colors long before. The only exceptions were the Kingdoms of Bavaria and Württemberg, having preserved the right to keep their own armed forces which were not integrated in the Imperial Army. Their only cockades were either white-blue-white (Bavaria) or black-red-black (Württemberg).<ref>{{cite book|first=R.Spencer|last=Kidd|page=5|title=Military Uniforms in Europe 1900-2000 Vol. One|date=October 2013 |isbn=978-1-291-18744-1}}</ref><ref name="google31"/><ref name="google32">{{cite book|title=Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History &#91;4 volumes&#93;: 400 Years of Military History|author=D, D.T.Z.P.|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598849813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA494|page=494|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

The [[Weimar Republic]] (1919–1933) removed these, as they might promote separatism which would lead to the dissolution of the German nation-state into regional countries again.<ref name="google33">{{cite book|title=U-Boat Crews 1914–45|author1=Williamson, G.|author2=Pavlovic, D.|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781780967905|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WI3vCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT57|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> 
When the [[Nazi]]s came to power, they rejected the democratic German colours of ''black-red-gold'' used by the Weimar Republic. Nazis reintroduced the imperial colours (in German: ''die kaiserlichen Farben'' or ''Reichsfarben'') of black on the outside, white next, and a red center. The Nazi government used ''black-white-red'' on all army caps.<ref name="google34">{{cite book|title=Imperial German Colonial and Overseas Troops 1885?1918|author1=de Quesada, A.|author2=Dale, C.|author3=Walsh, S.|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781780961651|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVGbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|page=47|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> These colours represented the biggest and the smallest countries of the Reich: large Prussia (black and white) and the tiny [[Hanseatic League]] [[city state]]s of Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck (white and red).

France began the first [[History of the Armée de l'Air (1909-1942)|Air Service]] in 1909 and soon picked the traditional French cockade as the first national emblem, now usually termed a [[roundel]], on military aircraft. During World War I, other countries adopted national cockades and used these coloured emblems as roundels on their military aircraft. These designs often bear an additional central device or emblem to further identify national aircraft, those from the [[French navy]] bearing a black anchor within the French cockade.<ref name="google35">{{cite book|title=The U.S. Air Service in the Great War, 1917-1919|author=Cooke, J.J.|date=1996|publisher=Praeger|isbn=9780275948627|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvHjd79SgzIC&pg=PA202|page=202|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

[[Hungarians|Hungarian]] revolutionaries wore cockades during the [[Hungarian revolution of 1848]] and during the [[1956 revolution]]. Because of this, Hungarians traditionally wear cockades on 15 March.<ref name="google36">{{cite book|title=Democracy and Myth in Russia and Eastern Europe|author1=Wöll, A.|author2=Wydra, H.|date=2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781134089086|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCUHwCwLAr8C&pg=PA182|page=182|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="google37">{{cite book|title=Constructing and Communicating Europe|author1=Gyarfasova, O.|author2=Liebhart, K.|date=2014|publisher=Lit Verlag|isbn=9783643905154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBCSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202|page=202|access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

==Confederate States==
Echoing their use when Americans rebelled against Britain, cockades – usually made with blue ribbons and worn on clothing or hats – were widespread tokens of [[Slave and free states|Southern]] support for [[Secession in the United States|secession]] preceding the [[American Civil War]] of 1861–1865.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/female-partisans/ |title= Female Partisans| first= Adam| last= Goodheart | work= The New York Times |format= blog| date= November 15, 2010| access-date= October 14, 2022}}</ref>

==List of national cockades==
{{See also|Military aircraft insignia}}
[[File:Кокарда-лоцманов-Финляндии.png|thumb|Cockade on the caps of certified persons serving in the pilot service of [[Russian Empire|Russia]], 1913.]]
[[File:2june2006 274.jpg|thumb|[[Carabinieri]] in full uniform at the [[military parade]] of the ''[[Festa della Repubblica]]'' of 2 June 2006. On their hat, under the coat of arms, is the [[cockade of Italy]].]]

Below is a list of national cockades (colors listed from center to ring):<ref name="gallica">{{cite web| url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53093616d/f1.item.r=cocardes.zoom| publisher= | via= gallica.bnf.fr |title=Tableau comparatif de la superficie, population totale et pop. par m. géogr. de tous les Etats du monde, avec les cocardes et pavillons les plus connus / dressé d'après Malte-Brun, Hassel, Balbi et autres sources authentiques par C. Desjardins; A. Haas, script. |place= Gallica| year= 1833 | language= fr |access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref><ref name="gallica2">{{cite web| url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53093617v/f1.item.r=cocardes.zoom|publisher= | via= gallica.bnf.fr| title=Tableau comparatif de la superficie et de la population absolue et relative de tous les Etats du monde avec leurs pavillons et cocardes / dressé d'après les documens les plus récens par Ct. Desjardins,...; Lith. de Mantoux,... |place= Gallica| year= 1842 | language= fr |access-date=2017-03-05}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Country<br><small>and date</small>
!Description
!Image
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
|red-black-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Albania.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|black-gold-blue-white-red
|[[File:National cockade of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|frameless|30x30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Cockade of Argentina|sky blue-white-sky blue]]
|[[File:National Cockade of Argentina.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|orange-blue-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Armenia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Austrian Empire|empire}}<br><small>before 1918</small>
|black-gold
|[[File:National Cockade of Austria (until 1918).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}<br><small>since 1918</small>
|red-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Austria.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|green-red-light blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Azerbaijan.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|black-yellow-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Belgium.svg|30px]]
|-
|[[File:State flag of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg|22px]] [[Bolivia]]<br><small>(1825–1826)</small>
|green-red-green (with a white 5 pointed star in the center)	
|[[File:National Cockade of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg|30px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Alto Peru (1828-1829).svg|22px]] [[Bolivia]]<br><small>(1826–1851)</small>
|green-red-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Bolivia (1826-1851).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|green-yellow-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Bolivia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|blue-yellow-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Brazil.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|red-green-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Bulgaria.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|blue-white-red (with a white 5 pointed star in the blue portion)
|[[File:National Cockade of Chile.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|yellow-blue-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Colombia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|red-white-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Croatia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}<br><small>(early 19th century)</small>
|black
|
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|red-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Denmark.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|red-blue-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Ecuador.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Egypt|1922}}<br><small>(1922–1953)</small>
|green-white-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Egypt (1922-1953).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|black-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Egypt.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|white-black-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Estonia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia|1897}}<br><small>(until 1936)</small>
|green-yellow-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Ethiopia (until 1936).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|red-yellow-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Ethiopia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|white-blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Finland.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|France}}<br><small>(1794–1814, 1815 and current since 1830)</small>
|[[Cockade of France|blue-white-red]]
|[[File:National Cockade of France.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|France}}<br><small>(before 1794, 1814–1815 and 1815–1830)</small>
|white
|
|-
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|green-yellow-light blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Gabon.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Georgia|1990}}<br><small>(1990–2004)</small>
|black-white-wine red
|[[File:National Cockade of Georgia (until 2004).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|German Confederation}}<br><small>(1848–1871)</small>
|gold-red-black
|
|-
|{{flag|German Empire}} <small>(1871–1918)</small><br>{{flag|Weimar Germany}} <small>(1918–1933)</small><br>{{flag|Nazi Germany}} <small>(1933–1945)</small>
|red-white-black
|[[File:National Cockade of Germany (1871-1945).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|East Germany}}<br><small>(1956–1959)</small>
|black-red-gold
|[[File:National Cockade of Germany.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|black-red-gold
|[[File:National Cockade of Germany.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|green-yellow-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Ghana.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Greece|old}}<br><small>(1822)</small>
|white-blue-white
|[[File:National Emblem of Greece (1822).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Greece|royal}}<br><small>(1833)</small>
|blue-white
|[[File:Cockade of Greece (1833).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Greece.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|green-white-red
|[[File:Hungary cockade.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|blue-white-red-white-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Iceland.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|green-white-saffron
|[[File:National Cockade of India.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|red-white-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Iran.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}<br><small>(until 1922)</small>
|green or sky blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Ireland (until 1922).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}<br><small>(since 1922)</small>
|green-white-orange
|[[File:National Cockade of Ireland.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Italy|royal}}<br><small>(1861–1948)</small>
|savoy blue
|[[File:Italy 2 Cockade Blu Savoia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}<br><small>(since 1948)</small>
|[[Cockade of Italy|green-white-red]]
|[[File:National Cockade of Italy and Hungary.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|red-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Japan.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|green-white-red-white-black
|[[File:National Cockade of Kenya.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|carmine-white-carmine
|[[File:National Cockade of Latvia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|red-green-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Lithuania.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|green-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Mexico.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|white-red-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Monaco.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Moravia}}
|red-white-blue
|[[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|orange
|[[File:National Cockade of the Netherlands.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|green-white-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Nigeria.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|red-white-blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Norway.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|white-green-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Pakistan.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|blue-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Paraguay.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cockade of Peru|Peru]]
|[[Cockade of Peru|red-white-red]]
|[[File:National Cockade of Peru.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[First Philippine Republic|Philippines]]<br><small>(1898–1901)</small>
|red-blue-silver
|[[File:Military Cockade of the Philippines (1898-1901).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|red-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Poland.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Portugal|1640}} [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]<br><small>(until 1797)</small>
|green-white
|[[File:National_Cockade_of_Portugal_(until_1797).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Portugal|1707}} [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]<br><small>(1797–1820 and 1823–1830)</small>
|blue-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Portugal (1797-1820).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Portugal|1830}} [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]<br><small>(1821–1823 and 1830–1910)</small>
|blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Portugal (1820-1910).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|green-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Portugal.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|blue-yellow-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Romania.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Russia|1696}} [[Russian Empire|Russia]]<br><small>(until 1917)</small>
|black-orange-black-orange-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Russia (until 1917).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Russia}} 
|black-orange-black-orange
|[[File:National Cockade of Russia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|white-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of San Marino.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|red-blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Serbia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Seychelles|1977}} [[One Party Rule in the Seychelles|Seychelles]]<br><small>(1978–1996)</small>
|green-white-red
|[[File:Seychellois cockade.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|light blue-white-green
|[[File:National Cockade of Sierra Leone.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|red-blue-white
|[[File:National Cockade of Slovenia.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Spain|1873}}<br><small>(until 1843 and 1844–1871)</small>
|red
|[[File:National Cockade of Spain (1843, 1844–1871).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}<br><small>(1843–1844 and current since 1871)</small>
|[[Cockade of Spain|red-yellow-red]]
|[[File:National Cockade of Spain.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}<br><small>(military)</small>
|yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Sweden military.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}<br><small>(civilian)</small>
|blue-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Sweden.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|red-white-blue-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Thailand.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|South Africa|1857}} [[South African Republic|Transvaal]]
|green-red-white-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Transvaal.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|red-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Turkey.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|light blue-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Ukraine.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|white <small>(Stuart dynasty)</small>, black <small>(Hanoverian dynasty)</small>, red-white-blue
|[[File:National Cockade of the United Kingdom.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|United States|1776}}<br><small>([[American War of Independence|War of Independence]])</small>
|black-white-black
|[[File:Federalist Cockade.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|United States|1896}}<br><small>(19th century)</small>
|blue with an eagle in the centre
|[[File:National Cockade of the United States (19th Century).png|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|white-blue-red
|[[File:National Cockade of United States.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Cockade of Uruguay|Uruguay]]<br><small>(1828–1916)</small>
|sky blue
|[[File:National Cockade of Uruguay (1828-1916).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Cockade of Uruguay|Uruguay]]<br><small>(civilian)</small>
|[[Cockade of Uruguay|blue-white-blue-white-blue-white-blue-white]]
|[[File:National Cockade of Uruguay (civilian).svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Cockade of Uruguay|Uruguay]]<br><small>(military)</small>
|[[Artigas flag|blue-white-blue with a red diagonal line]]
|[[File:Military Cockade of Uruguay.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Cockade of Uruguay|Uruguay]]<br><small>(police)</small>
|red-white-blue
|[[File:Cocar policia uruguai.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|red-blue-yellow
|[[File:National Cockade of Venezuela.svg|30px]]
|-
|{{flag|Yugoslavia}}
|blue-white-red
|[[File:National Cockade of Yugoslavia.svg|30px]]
|-
|}

===Component states of the German Empire (1871–1918)===
[[File:Tafel XVII Kokarden.jpg|500px|thumb|right|Cockades of the German Empire]]
The [[German Empire]] had, besides the national cockade, also cockades for [[States of the German Empire|several of its states]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das kleine Buch vom Deutschen Heere 1901|last=Hein}}</ref> seen in the following table:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!State
!Description
|-
|[[Duchy of Anhalt|Anhalt]]
|green
|-
|[[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]]
|yellow-red-yellow
|-
|[[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
|white-sky blue-white
|-
|[[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]]
|blue-yellow-blue
|-
|[[Hanseaten (class)|Hanseatic cities]] ([[Bremen (state)|Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]])
|white with a red cross
|-
|[[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse]]
|white-red-white-red-white
|-
|[[Principality of Lippe|Lippe]]
|yellow-red-yellow
|-
|[[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] and [[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|-Streliz]]
|red-yellow-blue
|-
|[[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]
|blue-red-blue
|-
|[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
|black-white-black
|-
|[[Principality of Reuss-Gera|Reuss-Gera]] and [[Principality of Reuss-Greiz|-Greiz]]
|black-red-yellow
|-
|[[Saxe-Altenburg]], [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|-Coburg and Gotha]] and [[Saxe-Meiningen|-Meiningen]]
|green-white-green
|-
|[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxe-Weimar]]
|black-yellow-green
|-
|[[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]
|white-green-white
|-
|[[Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe|Schaumburg-Lippe]]
|blue-red-white
|-
|[[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]
|blue-white-blue
|-
|[[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen|Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen]]
|white-blue-white
|-
|[[Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Waldeck]]
|black-red-yellow
|-
|[[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]
|black-red-black
|}

==See also==
*[[Cap badge]]
*[[Rosette (politics)]]
*[[Roundel]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Adye|first=Ralph Willett|title=The Little Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner|year=1802|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-thAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA271|publisher=T. Egerton|language=en|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|last=Lucchetti|first=Marco|title=1001 curiosità sulla storia che non ti hanno mai raccontato|year=2014|publisher=Newton Compton|language=it|isbn=978-88-541-7155-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Do2XBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT19}}
* {{cite book|last1=Troiani|first1=Don |last2=Kochan |first2=James |last3=Coates|first3=Earl |title=Soldiers in America, 1754–1865|year=1998|publisher=Stackpole Books|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-X2vvS698p4C&pg=PA99|isbn=978-0-8117-0519-6|ref={{sfnref|Troiani|1998}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Cockades}}

{{Hats}}

[[Category:Cockades| ]]
[[Category:Hats]]
[[Category:Ceremonial clothing]]
[[Category:Symbols]]