Editing Codlea

{{short description|City in Brașov County, Romania}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type               = municipality
|county             = Brașov
|official_name      = Codlea
|image_flag         = 
|image_shield       = ROU BV Codlea CoA.jpg
|image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border             = infobox
| total_width        = 300
| image_style        = infobox
| perrow             = 1/2
| caption_align      = center
| image1             = Muzeul_Traditiilor_si_Biserica_fortificata_din_Codlea.jpg
| caption1           = The city centre of Codlea along with the local Transylvanian Saxon fortified church
| image2             = Zeiden_Orthodoxe_Kirche.jpg
| caption2           = Orthodox church with cemetery
| image3             = SaxonFortifiedChurchCodlea.JPG
| caption3           = Fortified evangelical church
}}
|image_caption      = 
|image_map          = Codlea jud Brasov.jpg
|map_caption        = Location in Brașov County
|leader_name        = Paul-Mihai Cîmpeanu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=9 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|leader_party       = PSD
|term               = 2020&ndash;2024
|coordinates        = {{coord|45|41|49|N|25|26|38|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation          = 561
|elevation_min      = 
|elevation_max      = 
|area_total         = 132.79
|area_footnotes     = 
|population_as_of   = 
|population_total   = auto
|population_footnotes = 
|postal_code        = 505100
|area_code          = (+40) 02 68
|website            = {{url|http://www.primaria-codlea.ro/}}
}}
'''Codlea''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈkodle̯a}}; {{langx|de|Zeiden}}; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Zäöeden''; {{langx|hu|Feketehalom}}) is a [[municipiu|city]] in [[Brașov County]], [[Transylvania]], [[Romania]].

==Name==
The [[Romanian language|Romanian name]] "Codlea" could be a derivation from the Latin {{lang|la|codella}}, a diminutive of Latin {{lang|la|coda}} (edge, rearward); or it could be a derivation from the [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] ''kotlík'' ("[[kettle]]"), as the ''Măgura Codlei'' (in this reading: "Kettle Hill") looks like a kettle. In Romanian, ''măgură'' means "large hill, mound, forest located on a high place".

The hill also provides the Hungarian name of the city, ''Feketehegy'', "Black Hill".

The German name's origin is unknown, but there is a theory that it was derived from ''Zeidler'',{{cn|date=October 2023}} an antiquated word for "beekeeper".<ref>[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Zeidler ''Zeidler''], in [[Duden]] Wörterbuch (online). Accessed 24 Oct 2023.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Magura Codlei 3D - version 2.gif|left|thumb|Măgura Codlei]]
During the 13th century, the [[Teutonic Order]] built a fortress known as ''Schwarzburg'' ("black castle") near the "Măgura Codlei". The castle's name was first noted in 1265 and was rebuilt for the last time in 1432 by the craftsmen's guild that worked in the town. The city of Codlea is believed to have been also founded by [[Transylvanian Saxons|Germans]]. The fortified church in the city is the largest in the [[Burzenland]] historic region.
Codlea was well known for its flowers and was called the city of flowers.

==Climate==
Codlea has a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]).

<div style="width:70%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Codlea
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 0.6
|Feb high C = 2.6
|Mar high C = 7.3
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 18.1
|Jun high C = 21.4
|Jul high C = 23.2
|Aug high C = 23.5
|Sep high C = 18.5
|Oct high C = 13.3
|Nov high C = 8.2
|Dec high C = 2.1
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -3.8
|Feb mean C = -2
|Mar mean C = 2.4
|Apr mean C = 8.2
|May mean C = 13.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 18.7
|Aug mean C = 18.7
|Sep mean C = 13.9
|Oct mean C = 8.4
|Nov mean C = 3.8
|Dec mean C = -1.9
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -8.1
|Feb low C = -6.6
|Mar low C = -2.5
|Apr low C = 2.6
|May low C = 7.8
|Jun low C = 11.8
|Jul low C = 13.6
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 9.3
|Oct low C = 4.2
|Nov low C = 0.3
|Dec low C = -5.4
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 45
|Feb precipitation mm = 42
|Mar precipitation mm = 56
|Apr precipitation mm = 73
|May precipitation mm = 95
|Jun precipitation mm = 100
|Jul precipitation mm = 95
|Aug precipitation mm = 78
|Sep precipitation mm = 61
|Oct precipitation mm = 53
|Nov precipitation mm = 47
|Dec precipitation mm = 49
|year precipitation =
|date=May 2021|source=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/romania/brasov/codlea-15683/}}
</div>

==Population==
*1510: 670
*1814: 3,264
*1849: 3,764
*1890: 4,035
** 2,680 Germans (67%)
** 1,211 Romanians (30%)
** 44 Hungarians (1%)
** 100 Jews and others (2%)
*1930: 5,219 
**3,111 Germans (60%)
**1,916 Romanians (36%)
** 192 Hungarians (4%)
*1941: 6,214
*1966: 13,075
*1977: 22,744
*1982: 23,500
*1992: 24,620
*2002: 24,286
*2011: 21,708
*2021: 20,534

As of the [[2011 Romanian census|2011 census]], 90.2% of inhabitants were [[Romanians]], 5.6% [[Roma in Romania|Roma]], 2.8% [[Hungarians]], and 1% [[Germans]]. As of 2002, 86.8% were [[Romanian Orthodox]], 3.7% [[Roman Catholic]], 3.1% [[Pentecostal Union of Romania|Pentecostal]], 2.2% [[Christian Evangelical Church of Romania|Christian Evangelical]], 1% [[Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Romania|Evangelical Augustan Confession]], and 0.8% [[Reformed Church of Romania|Reformed]].

==Natives==
* [[Fritz Klein]] (1888–1945), Nazi [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] doctor hanged for war crimes
* [[Doina Popescu]] (1938–), volleyball player
* [[Alexandru Zaharescu]] (1961–), mathematician

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Codlea}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110221234717/http://www.primariacodlea.ro/ Codlea - Official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020610052611/http://www.info-codlea.ro/ Codlea - ''www.info-codlea'']
* {{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080925142731/http://www.zeiden.de.vu/ Zeiden - site from Gert Liess]
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.zeiden.de/ ''www.zeiden.de'']
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.siebenbuerger.de/ortschaften/zeiden/ ''www.siebenbuerger.de'']

{{Brașov County}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Brașov County]]
[[Category:Cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Localities in Transylvania]]
[[Category:Țara Bârsei]]