Editing Coffee in Italy

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{{Redirect-distinguish|Caffè|Café}}
[[File:Coffee roastery Palermo134.jpg|thumb|right|A Coffee roastery in [[Palermo]]]]
[[File:Caffè_roasting.jpg|thumb|right|Caffè roasting in act]]
[[File:Trieste_(28766391880).jpg|thumb|right|[[Trieste]], the seat of many coffee companies]]
'''Coffee in Italy''' is an important part of [[Culture of Italy|Italian food culture]]. Italians are well known for their special attention to the preparation, the selection of the blends, and the use of accessories when creating many types of coffees. Many of the types of coffee preparation known today also have their roots here.<ref>A lot of information in: Universita del Caffe "Kaffee Inspirationen - 70 Kaffeerezepte zum Genießen" (2013).</ref> The main coffee port in Italy is [[Trieste]] where there is also a lot of coffee processing industry.<ref>Helmut Luther "Warum Kaffeetrinken in Triest anspruchsvoll ist" In: Die Welt, 16 February 2015.</ref> Italian coffee consumption, often espresso, is highest in the city of Trieste, with an average of 1,500 cups of coffee per person per year. That is about twice as much as is usually drunk in Italy.<ref>Gisela Hopfmüller, Franz Hlavac "Triest: Die Kaffeehauptstadt" In: Falstaff, 28 June 2020.</ref>

Caffè ({{IPA|it|kafˈfɛ|pron}}) is the [[Italian language|Italian]] word for [[coffee]] and probably originates from ''[[Kingdom of Kaffa|Kaffa]]'' ({{langx|ar|قهوة|Qahwa}}),<ref>{{cite web|first=Ottorino|last=Pianigiani|url=https://www.etimo.it/?cmd=id&id=2820&md=27d53a5cc93a30674f6c1ab7f0b362e1|title=Etimologia del termine "Caffé|access-date=23 May 2024|language=it}}</ref> the region in Ethiopia where coffee originated. The Muslims first used and distributed it worldwide from the port of [[Mocha, Yemen|Mocha]] in Yemen, after which the Europeans named it ''mokka''.<ref name=EthEmb>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/about_us/coffee.htm|title=Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia : Coffee|work=Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|access-date=27 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811213711/http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/about_us/coffee.htm|archive-date=11 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Caffè'' may refer to the Italian way of preparing a coffee, an [[espresso]], or occasionally used as a synonym for the European coffee bar.

== History ==
{{excerpt|History of coffee|Italy}}
== Caffè espresso ==
[[File:Linea doubleespresso.jpg|thumb|right|A cup of Italian coffee, the [[espresso]]]]
Normally, within the [[Coffeehouse|espresso bar]] environment, the term caffè denotes straight [[espresso]]. When one orders "''un caffè''" it is normally enjoyed at the bar, standing. The espresso is always served with a saucer and demitasse spoon, and sometimes with a complimentary wrapped chocolate and a small glass of water. The term ''espresso'', substituting ''s'' for most ''x'' letters in [[Latin]]-root words, with the term deriving from the past participle of the Italian verb ''esprimere'', itself derived from the Latin ''exprimere'', means 'to express', and refers to the process by which hot water is forced under pressure through ground coffee.<ref name="philips">{{cite web|url=https://www.philips.it/c-e/ho/articolo/caffe/suggerimenti-caffe/come-preparare-un-caffe-espresso-perfetto.html|title=Qual è il caffè espresso perfetto e come va bevuto?|access-date=13 June 2022|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Is it espresso or expresso? Yes |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/espresso-vs-expresso-usage-history |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref>

== Caffettiera ==
[[File:Caffettiera napoletana.jpg|thumb|right|Neapolitan caffettiera]]

=== Coffee maker ===
The instrument used to prepare caffè at home, the ''caffettiera'', is essentially a small steam machine made of a bottom boiler, a central filter which contains the coffee grounds, and an upper cup. In the traditional [[Moka pot]], water is put in the boiler and the resulting boiling water passes through the coffee grounds, then reaches the cup.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 January 2021 |title=Why We Love the Bialetti Moka Pot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/bialetti-moka-pot-review/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> It was invented by Italian engineer [[Luigi Di Ponti]] in 1933 who sold the patent to [[Alfonso Bialetti]], an aluminum vendor. It quickly became one of the staples of Italian culture. [[Bialetti|Bialetti Industries]] continues to produce the original model under the trade name "Moka Express".
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bialetti Technical Description|url = https://fmartinezport.commons.gc.cuny.edu/bialetti-technical-description/|website = fmartinezport.commons.gc.cuny.edu|access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Who Made That Moka Express|url = https://archive.nytimes.com/6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/who-made-that-moka-express/|website = [[The New York Times]] blogs| date=September 2011 |access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|title = Italy's coffee pot king was buried in the appliance that made him famous|url = https://qz.com/618734/italys-coffee-pot-king-was-buried-in-the-appliance-that-made-him-famous|website = qz.com|access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> The [[Neapolitan flip coffee pot|Neapolitan caffettiera]] operates somewhat differently, and needs to be turned upside down when the drink is ready. Its boiler and cup are therefore interchangeable.

The quantity of coffee to be put in the filter determines the richness of the final beverage, but special care is needed in order not to block the water from crossing it, in case of an excess of grounds. Some hints prescribe that some small vertical holes are left in the powder by using a fork.

A small flame has to be used to provide an appropriate moderate water pressure; a high pressure makes the water run too quickly, resulting in coffee with little flavour. The flame under the caffettiera has to be turned off ten seconds after the first characteristic noise is heard, and eventually lit again in case the cup was not filled.

=== Coffee house ===
A related but separate translation of the Italian ''caffetteria'' is [[coffee house]] or café: an establishment in which caffè was traditionally made with a [[Coffee percolator|Moka]]. These places became common in the 19th century specifically for enjoying caffè, while the habit of caffè drinking at home started at the beginning of the 20th century, when caffettiera machines (Mokas) became available to the general public.

In the older caffetterie ''(Italian, plural)'', frequented by the [[upper class|upper classes]], art and culture events were held. So, many ''caffetterie'' acquired cultural importance (like [[Caffè Greco]] at 84 [[Via Condotti]], [[Rome]]; or [[Caffè Florian]] in [[Venice]], both established after the mid of the 18th Century ) and became famous meeting points of artists, intellectuals, [[politics of Italy|politicians]], etc. This ''caffetterie'' culture was mainly enjoyed by men, while women organised their [[tea]] meetings.

The traditional afternoon serving of caffè has an almost ceremonial formality: the caffè is always brought with a silver pot; [[porcelain]] cups (which should be [[Porcelain|fine china]] and as plainly decorated as possible) are served on a saucer with their small silver spoon on the right (on the saucer). [[Sugar]] is served separately, in porcelain pots, with a separate silver spoon. After taking caffè, smokers are usually allowed to light their cigarettes (the service typically includes a porcelain ashtray). If [[women in Italy|women]] are present, it is they who might grant the men permission to smoke.{{fact|date=February 2009}} It is not usual to serve pastries or biscuits with afternoon caffè, but an exception can be made in case there are women at the table.{{fact |date=February 2009}} The coffee pot has to be left on the table, for a second cup. After-lunch coffee is taken at separate smaller tables, not at the main one{{fact |date=February 2009}} and children are not normally welcome to join adults in such formalities. In the 21st century, as [[smoking in Italy|smoking laws]] and local customs change, caffè drinking becomes less formal overall.

Since the early 2010s, Italy has seen a steady growth in the number of coffee houses serving [[specialty coffee]], which cater to the growing local market for higher quality coffee.

[[Cappuccino]] is not related to traditional domestic coffee, being made with an [[espresso machine]]. Caffè-latte (also known as a [[latte]] in the U.S. and [[Café au lait]] in France) is made with a simple mixture of hot coffee and hot milk, and served in cups that are larger than tea cups. Caffetterie usually serve caffè-latte too.

=== Coffee house environments ===
Like bars, coffee houses have a long history of offering environments in which people can easily socialize amongst their own groups and (often) with strangers. This is reflected in language; when people say "meet for coffee," they primarily mean meet to socialize or talk. Historically, coffee houses have been places where people gather, chat, work, write (in particular, the writing of local newspapers), read (in particular, the same local newspapers that were written in coffee houses) and pass the time. Today, coffee houses are much the same—it's merely that ink and paper have been often replaced with laptops and newspapers have been replaced by blogs.

The layouts of coffee houses often include smaller nooks and larger, more communal areas. In a more crowded coffee house, it is common for strangers to sit at the same table, even if that table only seats two people. Coffee houses are typically cozy, which encourages communication amongst strangers.

=== Types of Italian coffee ===
The variety of coffee types in Italy is enormous and, while about 20 types of coffee are popular all over Italy, many regional varieties do exist.

Among the most popular Italian coffees are the standard [[espresso]], the ristretto (a shorter espresso), the double espresso, the macchiato (espresso stained with milk), the marocchino (espresso, chocolate syrup, milk and cocoa), the cappuccino (espresso with whipped milk foam), the caffelatte (coffee and milk in similar quantities), the affogato (a ball of ice cream showered with espresso), the shakerato (a long espresso mixed with ice and strained), the caffè ginseng (black coffee mixed with extract of [[ginseng]]), the cappuccino [[matcha]] (cappuccino where matcha is used instead of coffee), the caffè d'orzo ([[barley]] coffee) and the caffè con panna (coffee with [[whipped cream]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-04|title=All Italian Coffee Types - How to Order a Coffee in Italy|url=https://lostontheroute.com/italian-coffee-types-how-to-order-a-coffee-in-italy/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Lost on The Route|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Italy|Coffee}}

=== Manufacturers of coffee ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Caffè Pascucci]]
* [[Guglielmo coffee]]
* [[illy]]
* [[Lavazza]]
* [[Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group]]
{{div col end}}

=== Espresso machine ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Bialetti]]
* [[Cimbali]]
* [[De'Longhi]]
* [[Elektra (espresso machines)]]
* [[Faema]]
* [[FrancisFrancis]]
* [[Gaggia]]
* [[La Marzocco]]
* [[Rancilio]]
* [[Saeco]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://italyspecialty.coffee/ Specialty coffee in Italy] Specialty coffee cafes and roasters in Italy

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{{Coffee in Italy}}
{{Economy of Italy}}

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[[Category:Coffee in Italy| ]]
[[Category:Coffee preparation]]
[[Category:Italian drinks]]
[[Category:Italian words and phrases]]