Editing Cold Spring, New York

{{about|the village on the Hudson River|the town in western New York|Coldspring, New York|the hamlet on Long Island|Cold Spring Harbor, New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                   = Cold Spring, New York
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = Village
|motto                  = 
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|image_skyline          = 20140304-095850- DSC8528-Cold Spring-NY.jpg
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = Main Street in Cold Spring, part of the [[Cold Spring Historic District]]
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|image_seal             = Village-of-Cold-Spring-NY-2023-Seal.png
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|image_map              = Putnam County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Cold Spring highlighted.svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = Location of Cold Spring in [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam County]] and of Putnam County in [[New York (state)|New York]]
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = Country<!--Country-->
|subdivision_name       = United States<!--the name of the country-->
|subdivision_type1      = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = New York
|subdivision_type2      = [[Administrative divisions of New York#County|County]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->
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|government_type        = 
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            =  <!--add   (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links-->
|leader_title1          =  Mayor
|leader_name1           = Kathleen E. Foley
|established_title      = Incorporated <!-- Settled -->
|established_date       = 1846
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|area_total_km2         = 1.55
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|area_land_km2          = 1.54
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|area_water_km2         = 0.01
|area_total_sq_mi       = 0.60
|area_land_sq_mi        = 0.59
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|area_water_percent     = 0.91
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes           = 
|population_note                = 
|population_total               = 1986
|population_est                 = 
|pop_est_as_of                  = 
|population_density_km2         = 1291.51
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|population_density_sq_mi       = 3343.43
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|coordinates            = {{coord|41|25|8|N|73|57|16|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            = 10516
|area_code              = [[Area code 845|845]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-16936
|website                = {{URL|coldspringny.gov}}
|footnotes              = 
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}}

'''Cold Spring''' is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Village|village]] in the town of [[Philipstown, New York|Philipstown]] in [[Putnam County, New York]], United States. The population was 1,986 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=https://www.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Cold Spring village, Putnam County, New York| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> It borders the smaller village of [[Nelsonville, New York|Nelsonville]] and the hamlets of [[Garrison, New York|Garrison]] and [[North Highlands, New York|North Highlands]]. The central area of the village is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the [[Cold Spring Historic District]] due to its many well-[[historic preservation|preserved]] 19th-century buildings, constructed to accommodate workers at the nearby [[West Point Foundry]] (itself a Registered Historic Place today). The town is the birthplace of General [[Gouverneur K. Warren]], who was an important figure in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The village, located in the [[Hudson Highlands]], sits at the deepest point of the Hudson River, directly across from [[West Point]]. Cold Spring serves as a weekend getaway for many residents of [[New York City]].

Commuter service to New York City is available via the [[Cold Spring (Metro-North station)|Cold Spring train station]], served by [[Metro-North Railroad]]. The train journey is approximately one hour,  ten minutes to [[Grand Central Terminal]].

==History==
[[File:20180630-160630- DSC5277-Cold Spring-NY.jpg|thumb|Main Street]]

=== Early history ===
On July 15, 1691, Dortlandt and Sybrant secured a deed to the tract from [[Wappinger]] leaders, totaling as much as much as 17,480 acres (according to recent historical analysis)<ref name=":0" /> along the eastern bank of the Hudson River from the peak on [[Anthony's Nose (Westchester County, New York)|Anthony's Nose]] to (and including) [[Pollepel Island]], and east to a marked tree which would establish the tract's eastern border.<ref name=":0" /> This tract contained a large portion of modern-day [[Philipstown, New York|Phillipstown, NY]], including the entire the Village of Cold Spring.

While many land transactions in colonial America were disputed by settlers and natives, the original lands deeded to Dortlandt and Sybrant (containing the Village of Cold Spring) appear to have been legitimately obtained with the consent of the Wappinger. This is evidenced by  testimony from Wappinger leader [[Daniel Nimham]], who, in 1765, sought the assistance of the New York Common Council (and eventually the British Crown) in resolving land disputes over land claimed both by the heirs of [[Adolphus Philipse|Adolph Philipse]] and Wappinger natives. In this testimony, Nimham states that Wappinger ancestors had sold a tract of "Low Lands on that Part of the Peeks kill [north of modern-day Annsville Creek]... and also a pine swamp containing... a few Acres called Kichtondacongh and a piece of low Land lying Southeasterly from Kichtondacongh called Paukeminshingh."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=J. Michael |date=Spring 2010 |title=Wappinger Kinship Associations: Daniel Nimham's Family Tree |url=https://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/documents/401021/1049258/HRVR+26.2+Smith/5622e515-f504-412f-9f3d-59ed138ee76a |journal=The Hudson River Valley Review a Journal of Regional Studies |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=82–84}}</ref> Nimham goes on to contest the sale of any land beyond this initial tract deeded by the Wappinger to Dortlandt and Sybrant, however, recognizes the initial transaction of land (including present-day Cold Spring) as legitimately ceded by the Wappinger to the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Humphrey |first=Thomas J. |date=1998 |title="Extravagant Claims" and "Hard Labour:" Perceptions of Property in the Hudson Valley, 1751-1801 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27774165 |journal=Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies |volume=65 |pages=141–166 |jstor=27774165 |issn=0031-4528}}</ref>

=== Permanent settlements ===
[[File:Cold Spring Parrot Gun and River.jpg|thumb|Parrott Rifle]]

The first permanent settler in the village of Cold Spring was Merrick Williams in 1730. In 1772, a highway master was chosen for the road from Cold Spring to the Post Road from New York to Albany. Prior to Williams presence, the land was woodlands. A small trading hamlet grew alongside the river by the early 1800s.<ref name="vocs">{{Cite web |url=http://coldspringny.gov/Pages/coldspringny_webdocs/cshistory |title="A History of Cold Spring", Village of Cold Spring, New York |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123012147/http://coldspringny.gov/Pages/coldspringny_webdocs/cshistory |archive-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A couple of sloops made regular weekly trips from Cold Spring to New York, carrying wood and some country produce, which came over this model road from the east. Those trips by sloop usually took a week.

In 1818, [[Gouverneur Kemble]] established the [[West Point Foundry]] opposite [[United States Military Academy|West Point]] to produce artillery pieces for the United States Government. The nearby mountains contained veins of ore, and were covered with timber for fuel. A brook provided hydropower, and the Hudson a ready shipping outlet. In 1843, the Foundry built the ''USS Spencer'', the first iron ship built in the U.S.<ref>[http://www.hvmag.com/Hudson-Valley-Magazine/January-2014/History-and-Preservation-of-the-West-Point-Foundry-in-Cold-Spring/ Levine, David. "History and Preservation of the West Point Foundry in Cold Spring", ''Hudson Valley Magazine'', December 24, 2013]</ref> With the influx of workers at the Foundry, local housing, businesses and churches increased, and Cold Spring was incorporated as a village in 1846. The first President of the Village was Joshua Haight. The Foundry became famous for its production of [[Parrott rifle]]s and other munitions during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], when the foundry grew to a sprawling 100-acre complex employing 1,400. It also manufactured cast iron steam engines for locomotives, gears, and produced much of the pipework for New York's water system. The rise of steel making and the declining demand for cast iron after the Civil War caused the Foundry to cease operations in 1911.<ref name="NysNrhpNom">{{cite web| url = https://cris.parks.ny.gov/| archive-url = https://archive.today/20150701003048/http://cris.parks.ny.gov/| url-status = dead| archive-date = July 1, 2015| title = Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)| publisher = [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]| format = Searchable database| access-date = November 1, 2015}} ''Note:'' This includes {{cite web| url = https://cris.parks.ny.gov/Uploads/ViewDoc.aspx?mode=A&id=31127&q=false| title = National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: West Point Foundry| access-date = November 1, 2015| author = Lynn Beebe Weaver| format = PDF| date = November 1972}} and [https://cris.parks.ny.gov/Uploads/ViewDoc.aspx?mode=A&id=31126&q=false ''Accompanying photographs'']</ref> Many artifacts from the Foundry's history can be viewed at the Putnam History Museum on Chestnut Street. Built in 1830, the building was originally a one-room schoolhouse for the Foundry's teenage apprentices and the children of employees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coldspringonhudson.com/History%20and%20Heritage%20CS.htm |title="History and Heritage in Cold Spring-on-Hudson", Cold Spring Merchants Association |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130091327/http://www.coldspringonhudson.com/History%20and%20Heritage%20CS.htm |archive-date=January 30, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On January 22, 1896, local businessmen of Cold Spring formed a fire brigade known as the Cold Spring Hose Company, No.1. A horse-drawn hook and ladder was donated in 1899.<ref name=Grace>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xbd-rXKJ2eEC&dq=history+of+cold+spring+ny&pg=PA127 Grace, Trudie A., ''Around Cold Spring'', Arcadia Publishing, 2011] {{ISBN|9780738575971}}</ref> The Municipal Building, designed by Louis Mekeel, was constructed in 1926 to house the company's first firetruck, an American LaFrance. The company, renamed Cold Spring Fire Company No.1 in 1900, serves the Villages of Cold Spring, Nelsonville and a district in the Town of Philipstown.<ref>[http://coldspringfd.org/history/ "A Brief History ...", Cold Spring Fire Company No.1]</ref>

Mr. Willis Buckner, a former slave from the South, was a driver and groom for [[Susan Warner|Susan]] and [[Anna Bartlett Warner]] at their farm on [[Constitution Island]]. Mr. Buckner taught Sunday School at the Methodist Church.<ref name=Grace/> In the early decades of the 20th century, blacks who stayed in this part of New York state migrated away from rural towns to nearby cities with waterfront manufacturing such as Peekskill, Beacon, Newburgh and Ossining. During the 1920s, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] had a presence in Cold Spring<ref>[https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/25c948b0-7d17-0130-87ad-58d385a7b928 "Funeral procession for a Ku Klux Klan member, held in Cold Spring, Putnam County, New York, 1920s.", New York Public Library]</ref> as well as Fishkill and Nelsonville.

[[Pete Seeger]] formed the Clearwater organization, an environmental group dedicated to advances in sewer treatment, industrial waste disposal, and addressing the discharge of major pollutants into the Hudson.
In 1970, the sloop ''[[Hudson River Sloop Clearwater|Clearwater]]'' docked for a songfest at Cold Spring. As Seeger appeared on stage to thank the audience for coming, fifteen drunks stood up waving little American flags, yelling “Throw the Commies out.” That night someone cut the sloop's moorings and there were threats to torch the boat. All of this created tension within the Clearwater organization.
<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120315210223/http://ecotopia.org/ecology-hall-of-fame/pete-seeger/ Gosden, Steve. "Pete Seeger", EcoTopia]}}</ref>

===Country estates===
[[File:Fair Lawn east facade.png|thumb|Fair Lawn]]

Towards the latter part of the nineteenth century artists, writers and prominent families came to Cold Spring, and mansions were built along Morris Avenue, including "Undercliff," the home of publisher [[George Pope Morris]], and "Craigside," the home of Julia and General [[Daniel Butterfield]].<ref name=vocs/> To the south, [[West Point Foundry]] employees Dr. Frederick Lente built "[[The Grove (Cold Spring, New York)|The Grove]]," [[Robert Parker Parrott]] built "[[Plumbush]]," and [[Hudson River School]] painter [[Thomas Prichard Rossiter|Thomas P. Rossiter]] built "[[Fair Lawn (Cold Spring, New York)|Fair Lawn]]."{{cn|date=May 2024}}

==Geography==
The village is bordered by the [[Hudson River]] to the west, and is bound by the [[Hudson Highlands State Park]] to the north, where [[Bull Hill|Mount Taurus]] and [[Breakneck Ridge]] rise out of the banks of the Hudson and form two basically parallel ridges that track each other inland. The valley between them has an abandoned dairy farm, two lakes, and a camp.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|1.55|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|1.54|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.01|sqkm|order=flip|3}}, or 0.91%, is water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cold Spring village, New York |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 14, 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 2770
|1870= 3086
|1880= 2111
|1900= 2067
|1910= 2549
|1920= 1433
|1930= 1784
|1940= 1897
|1950= 1788
|1960= 2083
|1970= 2083
|1980= 2161
|1990= 1998
|2000= 1983
|2010= 2013
|2020= 1986
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 12, 2021 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2020, there were 1,986 people, 834 households, and 834 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|3,300|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 94% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.49% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.44% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3.05% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 2.12% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.08% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.07% of the population.

Out of the 834 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 3.0.

The median income for a household in the village was $98,056 (an increase of 83.7% from 2010), and the median income for a family was $135,500 (an increase of 78.2% from 2010). About 8.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
===Attractions===
The Foundry Preserve Trail is located here.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

The Julia L. Butterfield Memorial Library was established in Cold Spring in 1913.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.butterfieldlibrary.org/About.php |title=Julia L. Butterfield Memorial Library |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117165209/http://www.butterfieldlibrary.org/About.php |archive-date=November 17, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Magazzino Italian Art]] is a museum focused on Postwar and Contemporary Italian Art<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magazzino.art/about|title=About {{!}} Magazzino Italian Art|website=magazzino.art|access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/announcements/2018/09/06/garrison-couple-turns-private-art-collection-into-magazzino/681202001/|title=Garrison couple turns private art collection into Magazzino|website=The Poughkeepsie Journal|language=en|access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref> and features a herd of [[Sardinian donkey]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Falkenstein |first=Michelle |date=September 4, 2023 |title=The Donkeys' Tale: How Sardinian donkeys ended up at Magazzino Italian Art |url=https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/outdoors/article/magazzino-italian-art-sardinian-donkeys-18342850.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905113601/https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/outdoors/article/magazzino-italian-art-sardinian-donkeys-18342850.php |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=Times Union}}</ref>

===Churches===
[[File:Church of Our Lady, Cold Springs, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg|thumb|Our Lady church, circa 1855]]

In 1826, Union Church was built. By mutual agreement the Presbyterians used the building in the morning and the other religious groups in the afternoon. In 1830, the Baptists constructed a church on land donated by [[Samuel L. Gouverneur]].{{cn|date=May 2024}} The first Methodist church was built in 1833.<ref name=Floyd>[https://archive.org/stream/stmaryschurchinh00floy#page/n41/mode/2up Floyd-Jones, Elbert. ''St. Mary's Church in the Highlands'', Frank B. Howard, Poughkeepsie, 1920]</ref> The building was sold in 1870, and a new brick Italianate structure was built in 1868.<ref name=Grace/> The Dutch Reformed Church was built around 1855 in Neoclassical style. The building was later replaced by the Julia L. Butterfield Library.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

Many of the workers at the Foundry were Irish immigrants. Our Lady of Loretto church was constructed in 1833 of locally made red brick covered with stucco. The church was abandoned in 1906 and fell into disrepair. It was repaired and re-dedicated in 1977.<ref>[http://www.chapelrestoration.org/history.html "History", Chapel Restoration]</ref>

Saint Mary's in the Highlands church was incorporated in 1840. A second larger church was built in 1867, designed in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Victorian Gothic]] style by architect and vestry member [[George Edward Harney]].<ref name=history>{{Cite web |url=http://stmaryscoldspring.org/history.html |title="History", The Episcopal Church of St Mary-in-the-Highlands |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219005524/http://stmaryscoldspring.org/history.html |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Education==
Cold Spring is home to the [[Haldane Central School District]]<!--UNI 13230-->.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36079_putnam/DC20SD_C36079.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Putnam County, NY|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2024-10-15}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36079_putnam/DC20SD_C36079_SD2MS.txt See text list]</ref> The school is located at 15 Craigside Drive and teaches students grades K-12.<ref>[http://haldaneschool.org haldaneschool.org]</ref> The school received a blue ribbon award in 2017 from the U.S. Department of Education.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/education/2016/10/07/schools-blue-ribbon-awards/91694482/|title=Four schools earn National Blue Ribbon awards}}</ref>

==Media==
Cold Spring has two weekly newspapers: ''Highlands Current'',<ref>https://highlandscurrent.org {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> founded in 2010, and ''Putnam County News and Recorder'', founded in 1868.

==Notable people==
*[[Henrietta Ash Bancroft]] (1843-1929), professor and religious leader
*[[Gail Brown]], actress
*[[Bob Duffy (basketball, born 1940)|Bob Duffy]], college and pro basketball player, born in Cold Spring
*[[Scotti Hill]], rock musician 
*[[Albert L. Ireland]], United States Marine
*[[Sean Patrick Maloney]] - Congressman from New York's 18th Congressional District 
*[[Jean Marzollo]], writer, creator of the ''[[I Spy (Scholastic)|I Spy]]'' book series
*[[Sarah P. Monks]], California naturalist, born in Cold Spring
*[[Charlie Plummer]], American actor, grew up in Cold Spring
* [[Emily Warren Roebling]], first female field engineer of the [[Brooklyn Bridge]]
*[[Gouverneur K. Warren]], American military commander during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and hero of the [[Battle of Gettysburg]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Cold Spring}}
*{{official website|https://www.coldspringny.gov/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120113131930/http://dfl.highlands.com/lisa/lisa.html Articles about Cold Spring's history]
* [http://www.artsjournal.com/aboutlastnight/2004/06/tt-nothing-to-do.html An essay on a vacation spent in Cold Harbor by ''Wall Street Journal'' columnist Terry Teachout]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwjjvyLA_pg "A Look At Cold Spring's History", CBS]

{{Putnam County, New York}}
{{New York}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1846]]
[[Category:New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River]]
[[Category:Villages in Putnam County, New York]]
[[Category:1846 establishments in New York (state)]]