Editing Collect

{{short description|Type of prayer}}
{{about|the prayer|hobbies|Collecting|other uses|}}

The '''collect''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|l|ɛ|k|t}} {{respell|KOL|ekt}}) is a short general [[prayer]] of a particular structure used in [[Christian liturgy]].

Collects come up in the liturgies of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Lutheran]], or [[Anglican]] churches, among others.<ref name="COS2007">{{cite web |title=The Eucharist also called Holy Communion (High Mass) |url=http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/gudstjanstbanken/service_book/01hogmassa.htm#TopOfPage |publisher=[[Church of Sweden]] |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704082152/http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/gudstjanstbanken/service_book/01hogmassa.htm#TopOfPage |archive-date=4 July 2007 |date=2007}}</ref>

==Etymology==

The word is first seen as [[Latin]] ''collēcta'', the term used in Rome in the 5th century<ref name=Barbee>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yob__99JEjoC&pg=PR9 C. Frederick Barbee, Paul F.M. Zahl, ''The Collects of Thomas Cranmer''] (Eerdmans 1999 {{ISBN|9780802838452}}), pp. ix-xi</ref> and the 10th,<ref name=McNamara>[http://www.zenit.org/article-35428?l=english Edward McNamara ZENIT liturgy questions, 28 August 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830205711/http://www.zenit.org/article-35428?l=english |date=30 August 2012 }}</ref> although in the [[Tridentine Mass|Tridentine version]] of the [[Roman Missal]] the more generic term ''oratio'' (prayer) was used instead.<ref name=McNamara/>

The Latin word ''collēcta'' meant the gathering of people together (from ''colligō'', "to gather") and may have been applied to this prayer as said before the procession to the church in which [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] was celebrated. It may also have been used to mean a prayer that collected into one the prayers of the individual members of the congregation.<ref name=Barbee/><ref name=McNamara/>

==Structure==

A collect generally has five parts:<ref name=Barbee/><ref name="Fortescue">{{Cite book | last = Fortescue | first = Adrian | title = The Mass: A Study of the Roman Liturgy | edition = 2nd | publisher = Longmans, Green and Co. | date = 1914 | url = https://archive.org/details/massstudyofroman00fort  }}</ref>{{rp|250}}
*Invocation or address: indicating the person of [[Trinity]] addressed, usually [[God the Father]], rarely [[God the Son]]
*Acknowledgement: description of a divine attribute that relates to the petition (often ''qui ...'' - who ... )
*Petition: "for one thing only and that in the tersest language"<ref name="Fortescue"/>{{rp|249}}
*Aspiration:
**The desired result (begins with the word ''ut'' - in order that)
**Indication of a further purpose of the petition
*Pleading:
**Conclusion indicating the mediation of [[Jesus Christ]]. 
**Response by the people: [[Amen]]

In some contemporary liturgical texts, this structure has been obscured by sentence constructions that depart from the straightforwardness of a single sentence.

==Variations==

===Roman Catholicism===
{{Roman Rite of Mass}}
Initially, only one collect was said at Mass, but the Tridentine version of the Roman Missal allowed and often prescribed the use of more than one collect, all but the first being recited under a single conclusion. This custom, which began north of the [[Alps]], had reached Rome by about the 12th century.<ref name="Fortescue"/>{{rp|248}}

In the [[International Commission on English in the Liturgy#Roman Missal|1973 translation]] of the Roman Missal by the [[International Commission on English in the Liturgy|ICEL]], the word ''collecta'' was rendered as "Opening Prayer". This was a misnomer, since the collect ends&mdash;rather than opens&mdash;the introductory rites of the Mass.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dh9UWRLeP-oC&pg=PA141& |first=Edward |last=Foley|title=A Commentary on the Order of Mass of the Roman Missal |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2011 |ISBN=9780814662472 |page=141}}</ref> This prayer is said immediately before the Epistle.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GcQAAAAIAAJ |title=''Catholic Encyclopedia (c1913), v. 4, p. 103''}}</ref>

===Lutheranism===
[[Lutheran]] liturgies typically retain traditional collects for each Sunday of the liturgical year.<ref name="COS2007"/> In the ''[[Evangelical Lutheran Worship]]'' hymnal of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America|ELCA]], however, the set of prayers has been expanded to incorporate different Sunday collects for each year of the lectionary cycle, so that the prayers more closely coordinate with the lectionary scripture readings for the day.  To achieve this expansion from one year's worth of Sunday collects to three years', modern prayer texts have been added.

===Anglicanism===
The collects in the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' are mainly translations by [[Thomas Cranmer]] (d. 1556) from the Latin prayers for each Sunday of the year. At [[Morning Prayer (Anglican)|Morning Prayer]], the ''Collect of the Day'' is followed by a ''Collect for Peace'' and a ''Collect for Grace''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.episcopalnet.org/1928bcp/dailyofficeMP.html |title=Morning Prayer - 1928 BCP |website=www.episcopalnet.org |publisher=Saint Luke's Church and the Anglican Diocese of Arizona |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> At [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evening Prayer]] the ''Collect of the Day'' is followed by a ''Collect for Peace'' which differs from the version used at Morning Prayer, and a ''Collect for Aid against Perils'', which starts with the well known phrase; "Lighten our darkness, we beseech thee, O Lord; and by thy great mercy defend us from all perils and dangers of this night{{nbsp}}...".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.episcopalnet.org/1928bcp/dailyofficeEP.html |title=Evening Prayer - 1928 BCP |website=www.episcopalnet.org |publisher=Saint Luke's Church and the Anglican Diocese of Arizona |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>

At [[Holy Communion]], the ''Collect of the Day'' is followed by a reading from the [[Epistle#New Testament epistles|Epistles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.episcopalnet.org/1928bcp/dailyofficeEP.html |title=The Order for Holy Communion - 1928 BCP |website=www.episcopalnet.org |publisher=Saint Luke's Church and the Anglican Diocese of Arizona |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> In more modern Anglican versions of the Communion service, such as ''[[Common Worship]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/principal-services/holy-communion/orderone.aspx |title=Common Worship - Holy Communion - Order One |website=www.churchofengland.org |publisher=Church of England - The Archbishop's Council |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> used in the [[Church of England]] or the 1979 ''Book of Common Prayer''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/euchr2.pdf |title=The Holy Eucharist - A Penitential Order: Rite One |website=justus.anglican.org |publisher=Society of Archbishop Justus |access-date=4 January 2015 }}</ref> used in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States]], the ''Collect of the Day'' follows the ''[[Gloria in excelsis Deo|Gloria]]'' and precedes readings from the Bible.

===Continental Reformed===
The [[Huguenots]] used collects derived from the Psalms and published in the Psalter in 1563.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://banneroftruth.org/us/store/devotional-books/prayers-on-the-psalms/ |first=David B. |last=Calhoun|title=Prayers on the Psalms |publisher=Banner of Truth |year=2010 |ISBN=9781848710955 |page=18}}</ref>

===Scottish Presbyterianism===
The "Oraisons" of the French Psalter were translated by and published in the Scottish Metrical Psalter in 1595.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://banneroftruth.org/us/store/devotional-books/prayers-on-the-psalms/ |first=David B. |last=Calhoun|title=Prayers on the Psalms |publisher=Banner of Truth |year=2010 |ISBN=9781848710955 |page=19}}</ref> Over time the use of written prayers fell out of favor in the [[Church of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://banneroftruth.org/us/store/devotional-books/prayers-on-the-psalms/ |first=David B. |last=Calhoun|title=Prayers on the Psalms |publisher=Banner of Truth |year=2010 |ISBN=9781848710955 |pages=19–20}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [[Kontakion]]
* [[Stir-up Sunday]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{CatholicMass|collapsed}}
{{Lutheran Divine Service}}
{{TridentineLatinMass}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Christian prayer]]
[[Category:Latin religious words and phrases]]
[[Category:Order of Mass]]