Editing Colleen McCullough

{{Short description|Australian author (1937–2015)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AO}}
| image = Colleen McCullough.jpg 
| caption= McCullough in 2013
| birth_name = Colleen Margaretta McCullough
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1937|6|1}}
| birth_place = [[Wellington, New South Wales]], Australia
| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|1|29|1937|6|1|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Burnt Pine]], Norfolk Island
| occupation = {{cslist|Novelist|[[neuroscientist]]}}
| genre = {{cslist|Fiction|fantasy|drama}}
| notableworks = {{cslist|''[[The Thorn Birds]]''|''[[The Ladies of Missalonghi]]''}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Ric Robinson|1984}}
}}

'''Colleen Margaretta McCullough''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|ʌ|l|ə}}; married name '''Robinson''', previously '''Ion-Robinson''';<ref name="tehageobit"/> 1 June 1937{{spaced ndash}}29 January 2015) was an Australian author known for her novels, her most well-known being ''[[The Thorn Birds]]'' and ''[[The Ladies of Missalonghi]]''.

==Life==
McCullough was born in 1937 in [[Wellington, New South Wales|Wellington]], in the [[Central West (New South Wales)|Central West]] region of [[New South Wales]],<ref>[http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/m/colleen-mccullough "About Colleen McCullough"], fantasticfiction.co.uk; retrieved 3 January 2016.</ref> to James and Laurie McCullough.<ref name="rope">{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s2041318.htm |title='Enough Rope' – Transcript of McCullough interview with Andrew Denton |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=25 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215060917/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s2041318.htm |archive-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Her father was of Irish descent and her mother was a New Zealander of part-[[Māori people|Māori]] descent. During her childhood, the family moved around a great deal and she was also "a voracious reader".<ref name="Mary Jean DeMarr Page 2">Mary Jean DeMarr, Colleen McCullough: a critical companion, p. 2</ref>

Her family eventually settled in [[Sydney]] where she attended Holy Cross College, [[Woollahra]],<ref name=guardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/30/colleen-mccullough|title=Colleen McCullough obituary|work=The Guardian|date=30 January 2015|access-date=30 January 2015|author=Cheetham, Anthony}}</ref> having a strong interest in both science and the humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-29/australian-author-colleen-mccullough-dies/6055952|title=Colleen McCullough: Internationally acclaimed Australian Thorn Birds author dies aged 77|work=ABC News|date=29 January 2015|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>

She had a younger brother, Carl, who drowned off the coast of [[Crete]] when he was 25 while trying to rescue tourists in difficulty. She based a character in ''The Thorn Birds'' on him, and also wrote about him in ''Life Without the Boring Bits''.<ref>Jason Steger, "McCullough cut through the small talk". [http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/the-thorn-birds-author-colleen-mccullough-cut-through-the-small-talk-20150130-131smu.html Profile], ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 31 January 2015; retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref>

Before her tertiary education, McCullough earned a living as a teacher, librarian and journalist.<ref name="Mary Jean DeMarr Page 2"/> In her first year of medical studies at the [[University of Sydney]] she suffered [[dermatitis]] from surgical soap and was told to abandon her dreams of becoming a medical doctor. Instead, she switched to [[neuroscience]] and worked at [[Royal North Shore Hospital]] in Sydney.<ref name=guardian/>

In 1963, McCullough moved for four years to the United Kingdom; at the [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]] in London she met the chairman of the neurology department at [[Yale University]] who offered her a research associate job at Yale. She spent 10 years (April 1967 to 1976) researching and teaching in the Department of Neurology at the [[Yale Medical School]] in [[New Haven, Connecticut]], United States. While at Yale she wrote her first two books. One of these, ''[[The Thorn Birds]]'', became an international bestseller and one of the best selling books in history, with sales of over 30 million copies worldwide, that in 1983 inspired one of the most-watched television miniseries of all time.<ref name="nyt"/>

Following ''The Thorn Birds'', McCullough wrote her magnum opus: seven novels on the life and times of [[Julius Caesar]], each a colossus weighing in at up to 1,000 pages. ''The Masters of Rome'' series preoccupied her for almost 30 years, from the early 1980s to the publication of the final volume in 2007. The research was a monumental task: a library of several thousand books and monographs on every aspect of Roman history and civilisation accumulated on the shelves of her home. She drew maps of cities and battlefields, scoured the world's museums for busts and inscriptions, consulted experts in a dozen universities and recorded every known fact about her subject and his times.<ref name="GuardianOb">{{cite news |last1=Dow |first1=Steve |title=Colleen McCullough: the Thorn Birds author and 'charmer' remembered |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/30/colleen-mccullough-the-thorn-birds-author-and-charmer-remembered |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=30 January 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

The success of these books enabled her to give up her medical-scientific career and to try to "live on [her] own terms."<ref>Mary Jean DeMarr, ''Colleen McCullough: a critical companion'', p. 3.</ref> In the late 1970s, after stints in London and Connecticut, she settled on the isolation of [[Norfolk Island]], off the coast of mainland Australia, where she met her husband, Ric Robinson.<ref name="nyt"/> They married in April 1984.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} Under his birth name Cedric Newton Ion-Robinson, he was a member of the [[Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly]]. He changed his name formally to Ric Newton Ion Robinson in 2002.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

McCullough's 2008 novel, ''The Independence of Miss Mary Bennet'' engendered controversy with her reworking of characters from [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]''. [[Susannah Fullerton]], the president of the Jane Austen Society of Australia, said she "shuddered" while reading the novel, as she felt that [[Elizabeth Bennet]] was rewritten as weak, and [[Mr. Darcy]] as savage. Fullerton said: "[Elizabeth] is one of the strongest, liveliest heroines in literature … [and] Darcy's generosity of spirit and nobility of character make her fall in love with him – why should those essential traits in both of them change in 20 years?"<ref>[http://www.stevedow.com.au/Default.aspx?id=360 ''The Independence of Miss Mary Bennet''], stevedow.com.au; accessed 3 January 2016.</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Colleen McCullough Robinson headstone (closeup), Norfolk Island Cemetery, 2015.JPG|thumb|Close-up of her headstone in Emily Bay Cemetery, Norfolk Island, 2015]]
McCullough died on 29 January 2015, at the age of 77, in the Norfolk Island Hospital, [[Burnt Pine]], from apparent renal failure after suffering from a series of small strokes. She had suffered from failing eyesight due to haemorrhagic [[macular degeneration]], and also suffered from [[osteoporosis]], [[trigeminal neuralgia]], [[diabetes]] and [[uterine cancer]], and used a [[wheelchair]] full-time.<ref name="tehageobit">{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/colleen-mccullough-author-of-the-thorn-birds-dies-20150129-131dka.html|title=Colleen McCullough, author of The Thorn Birds, dies|author=Susan Wyndham|work=The Age|date=29 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last1=Fox|first1=Margalit|title=Colleen McCullough, Author of ''The Thorn Birds'', Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/30/books/colleen-mccullough-author-of-the-thorn-birds-dies-at-77.html?ref=obituaries|access-date=29 January 2015|work=The New York Times|date=29 January 2015}}</ref>

She was buried in a traditional Norfolk Island funeral ceremony at the Emily Bay cemetery on the island.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colleen McCullough to be buried among Bounty mutineers|url=http://m.smh.com.au/dl-people/dl-entertainment/colleen-mccullough-to-be-buried-among-bounty-mutineers-20150131-132n5x.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 January 2015 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 1978, McCullough received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= They love Cauthen, 'No great student' is among greats honored at Golden Plate awards|publisher= The Kentucky Press |url= https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/The-Kentucky-Press-June-24-1978.pdf}}</ref> In 1984, a portrait of McCullough painted by Wesley Walters was a finalist in the [[List of Archibald Prize winners|Archibald Prize]]. The prize is awarded for the "best portrait painting preferentially of some man or woman distinguished in Art, Letters, Science or Politics".<ref name="arch">{{cite web|title=Archibald Prize 07|publisher=Art Gallery NSW|url=http://www.thearchibaldprize.com.au/finalists|access-date=19 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706041237/http://www.thearchibaldprize.com.au/finalists|archive-date=6 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The depth of historical research for the novels on ancient Rome led to her being awarded a [[Doctor of Letters]] degree by [[Macquarie University]] in 1993.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/nsw/stories/s376367.htm McCullough awarded Doctor of Letters], abc.net.au; accessed 3 January 2016.</ref>

==Honours==
McCullough was appointed an [[Officer of the Order of Australia]] on 12 June 2006, "[f]or service to the arts as an author and to the community through roles supporting national and international educational programs, medico-scientific disciplines and charitable organisations and causes".<ref>[https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1132828 McCullough profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208174809/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1132828 |date=8 December 2017 }}, itsanhonour.gov.au; retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref>

==Controversies==

Following the publication of ''The Ladies of Missalonghi'' in 1987, McCullough was accused of having plagiarised ''[[The Blue Castle]]'', a 1926 novel by [[L. M. Montgomery]].<ref name="Whitlock">{{cite journal|last1=Whitlock|first1=Gillian|title=Double Trouble: One or Two Women?|journal=[[Meanjin]]|date=Summer 2010|volume=69|issue=4|pages=83–89|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49516607|issn=0025-6293}}</ref><ref name="DeMarr">{{cite book|last1=DeMarr|first1=Mary Jean|title=Colleen McCullough: A Critical Companion|date=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313294990|pages=141–146|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R5tt3Id3yzgC&dq=plagiarism&pg=PA142|language=en}}</ref> McCullough responded that any similarities were due to [[cryptomnesia|subconscious recollection]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Chris|last2=Grenard|first2=Philip|last3=MacAndrew|first3=Barbara|title=A Tale of Twin Spinsters|url=http://archive.macleans.ca/issue/19880215|work=[[Maclean's]]|date=15 February 1988|page=59}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' in November 2004 to promote ''Angel Puss'', McCullough said the men of [[Pitcairn Island]] that were [[2004 Pitcairn Islands sexual assault trial|convicted of sexual encounters with children]] should have been allowed to follow their "custom" and have sex with young girls. "The Poms have cracked the whip and it's an absolute disgrace. These are indigenous customs and should not be touched. These were the first people to inhabit Pitcairn Island, and they are racially unique." she said. "It's hypocritical, too. Does anybody object when Muslims follow their customs?"{{hsp}}<ref name=smh>[https://www.smh.com.au/world/pitcairn-men-were-following-custom-mccullough-20041116-gdk4fe.html "Pitcairn men were following custom: McCullough"], ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 16 November 2004; retrieved 25 February 2020.</ref> The comments generated stories at the time,<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/11/17/2003211426 "Author of 'Thorn Birds' defends Pitcairn sex attacks"], ''[[Taipei Times]]'', 17 November 2004; retrieved 25 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/australasia-travel/australia/colleen-mccullough-to-undergo-brain-surgery-rv0c3ltcxcl "Colleen McCullough to undergo brain surgery"], ''[[The Times]]'', 29 November. 2009; retrieved 25 February 2020.</ref> and were mentioned in her obituaries.<ref name="GuardianOb"/>

==Bibliography==
===Selected novels===
* ''[[Tim (novel)|Tim]]'' (1974)
* ''[[The Thorn Birds]]'' (1977)
* ''[[An Indecent Obsession]]'' (1981)
* ''A Creed for the Third Millennium'' (1985)<ref name=nyt/>
* ''[[The Ladies of Missalonghi]]'' (1987)
* ''The Song of Troy'' (1998)<ref name="conversation">Michelle Smith, 
[http://theconversation.com/was-colleen-mccullough-under-regarded-as-a-writer-the-next-few-chapters-will-tell-36940 "Was Colleen McCullough under-regarded as a writer? The next few chapters will tell"], TheConversation.com; 29 January 2015.</ref>
* ''[[Morgan's Run]]'' (2000)<ref name="nyt"/>
* ''[[The Touch (Colleen McCullough novel)|The Touch]]'' (2003)
* ''Angel Puss'' (2005)<ref name=smh />
* ''The Independence of Miss Mary Bennet'' (2008)<ref name="nyt"/>
* ''Bittersweet'' (2013)<ref name="conversation"/>

===''[[Masters of Rome]]'' series===
# ''[[The First Man in Rome (novel)|The First Man in Rome]]'' (1990)
# ''[[The Grass Crown (novel)|The Grass Crown]]'' (1991)
# ''Fortune's Favourites'' (1993)
# ''[[Caesar's Women]]'' (1996)
# ''[[Caesar (McCullough novel)|Caesar]]'' (1997)
# ''[[The October Horse]]'' (2002)
# ''[[Antony and Cleopatra (novel)|Antony and Cleopatra]]'' (2007)

===Carmine Delmonico series===
McCullough also published five murder mysteries in the Carmine Delmonico series.<ref name="conversation"/>
# ''On, Off'' (2006)
# ''Too Many Murders'' (December 2009)
# ''Naked Cruelty'' (2010)
# ''The Prodigal Son'' (2012)
# ''Sins of the Flesh'' (2013)

===Biographical work===
* ''The Courage and the Will: The Life of Roden Cutler VC'' (1999)<ref name="syd">Patricia Maunder. [http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/outspoken-writer-colleen-mccullough-praised-by-all-except-literary-establishment-20150130-131wf9.html "Outspoken writer Colleen McCullough praised by all except literary establishment"], ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 30 January 2015.</ref>

===Memoir===
* ''Life Without the Boring Bits'' (2011)

==Screen adaptations==
* ''[[Tim (film)|Tim]]'' – made into a movie in 1979 starring [[Mel Gibson]] and [[Piper Laurie]]
* ''[[The Thorn Birds (miniseries)|The Thorn Birds]]'' – made into a TV miniseries in 1983 starring [[Richard Chamberlain]] and [[Barbara Stanwyck]]
* ''[[An Indecent Obsession]]'' – made into a movie in 1985 starring [[Gary Sweet]]
* ''[[The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years]]'' – made into a TV miniseries in 1996 starring Richard Chamberlain. It covers a 14-year period from the novel which was omitted from the first production.
<!--temporarily hide as not notable, needs source other than amazon * ''[[Mary & Tim]]'' – a 1996 adaptation of the novel ''Tim''{{cn|date=January 2015}}-->

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
*Mary Jean DeMarr: ''Colleen McCullough: A Critical Companion''. Greenwood Publishing Group 1996; {{ISBN|0-313-29499-2}}
{{Colleen McCullough}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:McCullough, Colleen}}
[[Category:Colleen McCullough| ]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian biographers]]
[[Category:Australian historical novelists]]
[[Category:Australian medical writers]]
[[Category:Australian people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Australian people of Māori descent]]
[[Category:Australian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Australian women novelists]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure in Australia]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian women biographers]]
[[Category:Writers from New South Wales]]
[[Category:Writers of historical fiction set in antiquity]]
[[Category:Norfolk Island writers]]
[[Category:University of Sydney alumni]]
[[Category:Yale School of Medicine faculty]]
[[Category:Women historical novelists]]
[[Category:Norfolk Island people of New Zealand descent]]
[[Category:Australian women neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Australian neuroscientists]]