Editing Colonel Bogey March

{{Short description|Popular march that was written in 1914 by Lieutenant F. J. Ricketts}}
{{redirect|Colonel Bogey|the 1948 film|Colonel Bogey (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name       = Colonel Bogey March
| type       = [[March (music)|March]]
| composer   = [[Kenneth J. Alford|F. J. Ricketts]]
| composed    ={{Start date|1914}}
| misc = {{Audio sample
 | type        = song
 | file        = Colonel Bogey.ogg
 | description = The "Colonel Bogey March", by Kenneth J. Alford, performed by the [[United States Navy Band]]
}}
}}

The "'''Colonel Bogey March'''" is a [[Music of the United Kingdom|British]] [[March (music)|march]] that was composed in 1914 by Lieutenant [[F. J. Ricketts]] (1881–1945) (pen name [[Kenneth J. Alford]]), a [[British Army]] [[bandmaster]] who later became the director of music for the [[Royal Marines]] at [[Plymouth]]. The march is often [[whistled]]. During the [[World War II|Second World War]], British soldiers sang the lyrics "[[Hitler Has Only Got One Ball]]" to accompany the tune.<ref name="Minor"/>

The march first appeared in film when it was hummed by [[Michael Redgrave]] in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[The Lady Vanishes]]'' in 1938. English composer [[Malcolm Arnold]] added a counter-march, which he titled "[[The River Kwai March]]", for [[David Lean]]'s 1957 film ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'', set during World War II. ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine included the tune in its list of 25 of Cinema's Catchiest Earworms.<ref name="Films">{{cite news |title=25 Of Cinema's Catchiest Earworms|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/catchiest-movie-earworms/ |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=Empire}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Colonel Bogey March piano solo.pdf |thumb|right|"Colonel Bogey March" sheet music by [[Kenneth J. Alford]] ]]

Since service personnel were, at that time, not encouraged to have professional lives outside the armed forces, British Army bandmaster F. J. Ricketts published "Colonel Bogey" and his other compositions under the pseudonym [[Kenneth J. Alford]] in 1914.<ref>Gene Phillips (2006). ''Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean''. p. 306. University Press of Kentucky.</ref> One supposition is that the tune was inspired by a British military officer who "preferred to whistle a descending [[minor third]]" rather than shout "Fore!" when playing golf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mvdaily.com/articles/1999/04/bogey.htm|title = The real Colonel Bogey}}</ref>  It is this descending interval that begins each line of the [[melody]]. The name "Colonel Bogey" began in the late 19th century as an imaginary "standard opponent" in assessing a player's performance,<ref>''The [[Royal Cornwall Gazette]]'' of 10 March 1892 reports the results of the Royal Cornwall Golf Club Ladies versus "Colonel" Bogey</ref> and by [[Edwardian]] times the Colonel had been adopted by the golfing world as the presiding spirit of the course.<ref>Many references to the Colonel in the press include a letter from a "golf widow" to ''The Times'' of 3 June 1914.</ref> Edwardian golfers on both sides of the Atlantic often played matches against "Colonel Bogey".<ref>Toronto; Globe 25 October 1904 p. 10.</ref> [[Bogey (golf)|Bogey]] is now a golfing term meaning "one over par".<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Harris |first1 = Ed |title = Golf Facts, Figures & Fun |volume = Illustrated |publisher = AAPPL |year = 2007 |isbn = 978-1-904332-65-7 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/golf0000harr }}</ref>

==Legacy==
At the start of [[World War II]], "Colonel Bogey" became a British institution when a popular song was set to the tune: "[[Hitler Has Only Got One Ball]]" (originally "[[Hermann Göring|Göring]] Has Only Got One Ball" after the [[Luftwaffe]] leader suffered a [[groin]] injury), essentially exalting rudeness.<ref name="Minor">{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-colonel-bogey-2080160.html |title= Minor British Institutions: Colonel Bogey |work=The Independent |location= London |date=23 October 2011 |first=Sean |last=O'Grady |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>

In 1951, during the first computer conference held in Australia, the "Colonel Bogey March" was the first music played by a computer,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://csiropedia.csiro.au/csirac-australias-first-computer/|title=CSIRAC – Australia's first computer – CSIROpedia|date=2014-01-24|newspaper=CSIROpedia|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref> by [[CSIRAC]], a computer developed by the [[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]].

The march first appeared in film when it was hummed by [[Michael Redgrave]] (playing the [[wikt:cad|cad]] Gilbert in his film debut) in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[The Lady Vanishes]]'' in 1938.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Holston |first1=Kim R.|title=The English-speaking Cinema An Illustrated History, 1927-1993 |date=1994 |publisher=McFarland |page=33}}</ref> The 1957 [[David Lean]] epic film ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'' popularized "[[The River Kwai March]]", a counter-march to Colonel Bogey March. In the 1961 film ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'', the campers at an all-girls summer camp whistle the "Colonel Bogey March" as they march through camp, mirroring the scene from ''The Bridge on the River Kwai''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Order of songs for Thunder Over Louisville |url=https://eu.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/events/kentucky-derby/festival/2016/04/21/order-songs-thunder-over-louisville/83299828/ |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=Courier Journal}}</ref>

In episode 28 of ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]'' from 1976, the march was used in the Sale of the Half-Century game show sketch during a [[Name That Tune]]-style question. One of the contestants' answers was "After the Ball" after which the host ([[Benny Hill]]) responded with, "well, you're sort of half-right" referring to the anti-Hitler slur.

In the comedy movie "Caveman"(1981), the song can be heard when a group of cavemen transport a huge egg they found in a nest, on top of a cliff. 

In ''[[Doctor Who]]'', the [[Fourth Doctor|fourth incarnation of the Time Lord]] whistled the tune in ''[[The Face of Evil]]'', ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'', ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'' and ''[[Destiny of the Daleks]]''. [[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] also whistled it in ''[[The Mind of Evil]]''.

In the 1985 film ''[[The Breakfast Club]]'', all the teenage main characters are whistling the tune during their Saturday detention when Principal Vernon (played by [[Paul Gleason]]) walks into the room.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coyne |first1=Tom |title=A Course Called Scotland: Searching the Home of Golf for the Secret to Its Game |date=2019 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |page=246}}</ref> It was also used in ''[[Short Circuit (1986 film)|Short Circuit]]'' and ''[[Spaceballs]]''.<ref name="Films"/>

The Jawa-like creatures called Dinks from the 1987 film ''[[Spaceballs]]'' whistled Colonel Bogey in three scenes. 

In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode ''[[Stark Raving Dad]]'', Bart initially writes a verse to a birthday song for Lisa to the tune of "Colonel Bogey March" albeit with jokey lyrics.

In ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' episode "I Know Why the Caged Bird Screams", the fictional ULA Peacocks have a [[fight song]] to the tune of the Colonel Bogey March. 

In 2019, the Colonel Bogey March was used in the TV series ''[[The Man in the High Castle (TV series)|The Man in the High Castle]]'', in episode 8 of season 4. The song was featured in episode 5 of season 6 of ''[[Outlander (TV series)|Outlander]]'', revealing a returning character from season 5. The song also continued through the credits. The Colonel Bogey March was used in the 2024 [[neo-noir]] television series ''[[Monsieur Spade]]'' from [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] and [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal+]]. Perhaps coincidentally, the main character, [[Sam Spade]], was previously played by [[Humphrey Bogart]], often called "Bogie".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-reviews/monsieur-spade-review-clive-owen-1235780518/ | title='Monsieur Spade' Review: Clive Owen Gives AMC's France-Set Sam Spade Series a Raison d'Etre | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=12 January 2024}}</ref>

At the end of the ''[[ChuckleVision]]'' episode ''On the Hoof'', [[Chuckle Brothers|Paul and Barry]] have to put on a marching band for a pompous government minister at an MI7 camp only for it to go awry. The latter brother plays the tune on a kazoo while the former just hits a tambourine.

The march has been used in German commercials for [[Underberg]] [[digestif]] [[Bitters|bitter]] since the 1970s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.falstaff.at/weinartikel/underberg-eine-portion-wohlbefinden-2698.html|title=Underberg: Eine Portion Wohlbefinden|author=Christoph Schulte|date=2 March 2011|work=Falstaff Magazin – Weine, Restaurants}}</ref> and has become a classic [[jingle]] there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/rheinberg/underberg-marsch-nun-als-weihnachts-jingle-aid-1.3902095|title=Rheinberg: Underberg-Marsch nun als Weihnachts-Jingle|work=RP Online|date=21 December 2013}}</ref> A parody titled "[[Comet (song)|Comet]]" is a humorous song about the ill effects of consuming [[Comet (cleanser)|the cleaning product of the same name]].<ref>{{cite book | last = MacDonald | first = Ann-Marie | author-link = Ann-Marie MacDonald | title = The Way the Crow Flies | publisher = [[HarperCollins]] | date = 2003 | page = 97 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KWd5JXiv7HEC | isbn = 0-06-058637-0}}</ref> In [[Indonesia]] this march became the jingle tune for a medicine brand called [[:id:Bodrex|Bodrex]]

==''The Bridge on the River Kwai''==
English composer [[Malcolm Arnold]] added a counter-march, which he titled "[[The River Kwai March]]", for the 1957 dramatic film ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'', set during World War II. The two marches were recorded together by [[Mitch Miller]] as "March from the River Kwai – Colonel Bogey" and it reached #20 in the US in 1958. 
The Arnold march forms part of the orchestral concert suite made of the Arnold film score by [[Christopher Palmer]] published by [[Novello & Co]] in London.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Bridge on the River Kwai – Concert Suite (1957)| last=Arnold| first=Malcolm| url=https://www.wisemusicclassical.com/work/7450/The-Bridge-on-the-River-Kwai---Concert-Suite--Malcolm-Arnold/| website=[[Wise Music Group|Wise Music Classical]]| access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref>

On account of the movie, the "Colonel Bogey March" is often miscredited as the "River Kwai March". While Arnold did use "Colonel Bogey" in his score for the movie, it was only the first theme and a bit of the second theme of "Colonel Bogey", whistled unaccompanied by the British prisoners several times as they marched into the prison camp. The British actor [[Percy Herbert (actor)|Percy Herbert]], who appeared in ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', suggested the use of the song in the movie. According to Kevin Brownlow's interviews with the film's director [[David Lean]], it was actually Lean who knew of the song and fought during the screenwriting process to have it whistled by the troops. He realized it had to be whistled rather than sung because the World War II-era lyrics (see "[[Hitler Has Only Got One Ball]]") were racy and would not get past the censors. Percy Herbert was used as a consultant on the film because he had first-hand experience of Japanese POW camps; he was paid an extra £5 per week by Lean.

Since the movie depicted [[Prisoner of war#Empire of Japan|prisoners of war held under inhumane conditions by the Japanese]], Canadian officials were embarrassed in May 1980, when a military band played "Colonel Bogey" during a visit to Ottawa by Japanese prime minister [[Masayoshi Ōhira]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KIkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z6QFAAAAIBAJ&dq=canada%20japan%20gaffe&pg=6583%2C2935671|title=Our band hit sour note for Japan's prime minister|author=The Canadian Press|author-link=The Canadian Press|date=6 May 1980|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|page=1|access-date=16 October 2010}}</ref>

== ''Jewel Thief'' (1967) ==
[[S. D. Burman|S.D. Burman]] used this composition in the 1967 Hindi [[Spy film|spy]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[heist film]] ''[[Jewel Thief (1967 film)|Jewel Thief]]''. The opening lines of "''Yeh Dil Na Hota Bechaara''" draw inspiration from the marching song.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/9-jewel-thief-top-100-bollywood-albums|title=#9 Jewel Thief: Top 100 Bollywood Albums – Film Companion|date=2017-10-31|work=Film Companion|access-date=2018-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bollywood-retrospect-the-best-of-sd-burman-part-2-2142931|title=Bollywood Retrospect: The best of SD Burman – Part 2 {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2015-11-07|work=dna|access-date=2018-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Music}}
* [[Comet (song)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Library resources box}}
*{{commons category-inline|Colonel Bogey March}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1914 compositions]]
[[Category:British military marches]]
[[Category:Compositions for brass band]]
[[Category:Compositions for symphony orchestra]]
[[Category:Orchestral marches]]
[[Category:Concert band pieces]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in Germany]]
[[Category:Songs about military officers]]
[[Category:Songs about fictional male characters]]
[[Category:Songs of World War I]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Kenneth J. Alford]]
[[Category:King's Own Calgary Regiment]]