Editing Colonnade

{{short description|Row of columns}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Wikimedia_Conference_2015_photo_by_Pine_-_28.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colonnade at the [[Belvedere on the Pfingstberg]] palace in Germany]]

In [[classical architecture]], a '''colonnade''' is a long sequence of [[column]]s joined by their [[entablature]], often free-standing, or part of a building.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/126377/colonnade ''Colonnade'' from Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In [[St. Peter's Square]] in Rome, [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini#Architecture|Bernini's]] great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.

When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin ''porta''), it is called a [[portico]]. When enclosing an open court, a [[peristyle]]. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] in Rome or the [[stoa]]e of [[Ancient Greece]]. 

When the [[intercolumniation]] is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] and the [[east front of the Louvre]].<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Araeosystyle|volume=2|page=312}}</ref>

== History ==

Colonnades (formerly as colonade) have been built since ancient times and interpretations of the classical model have continued through to modern times, and Neoclassical styles remained popular for centuries.<ref name="Doremus">{{cite book|last1=Doremus|first1=Thomas|title=Classical Styles in Modern Architecture: From the Colonnade to Disjunctured Space|date=1999|publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold|location=New York|isbn=0442016662}}</ref> At the [[British Museum]], for example, porticos are continued along the front as a colonnade.  The porch of columns that surrounds the [[Lincoln Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], (in style a ''peripteral'' classical temple) can be termed a colonnade.<ref>[http://www.wadsworth.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?resource_id=10&fid=M35&product_isbn_issn=0155050907&chapter_number=10&altname=Glossary Student Resource Glossary]</ref> As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the [[Harvard Stadium]] in [[Boston]], where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade. The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36 [[Corinthian column]]s, is the [[New York State Education Building]] in Albany, New York.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120729235220/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=newyorkstatedepartmentofeducationbuilding-albany-ny-usa New York State Department of Education Building]}}. [[Emporis]]. Retrieved on 2009-5-23.</ref>

==Notable colonnades==
===Ancient world===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Luxor Temple R07.jpg|The colonnade of Amenhotep III at the [[Luxor temple]]
File:Reconstruction of Stoa of Attalos (3357410911).jpg| The [[Stoa of Attalos]] in the reconstructed [[Ancient Agora of Athens]]
File:Palmyra, Syria - 2.jpg|The [[Great Colonnade at Palmyra]], [[Syria]]
File:Baalbek-Jupiter.jpg|[[Baalbeck]], Lebanon
File:Colonnade in Ephesus.jpg|[[Ephesus]]
File:Arches,_and_a_Plan_of_a_Church_at_Thessalonica_-_Pococke_Richard_-_1745_(cropped).jpg|[[Las Incantadas]] colonnade, demolished in 1864 by Emmanuel Miller
File:Station of Venezia Santa Lucia (7803866220).jpg|Modern colonnade at the Santa Lucia rail station, Venice
File:Piliers_de_tutelle_(Bordeaux_1669)_(cropped).JPG|[[Piliers de Tutelle]], Gallo-Roman portico demolished in 1677, France
</gallery>

===Renaissance and Baroque periods===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Colonnade in Palacio de Carlos V.JPG|[[Palace of Charles V]], [[Granada]] (1527)
File:St Peter's Square, Vatican City - April 2007.jpg|[[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini]]'s colonnade [[St. Peter's Square]], [[Vatican City]] (1660s)
File:St. Peter's Square, 1992.jpg|Detail of St. Peter's Square colonnade
File:Louvre Kolonnaden.JPG|[[Colonnade of the Louvre]], Paris (1670)
</gallery>

===Neoclassical===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:P1030420 Paris VIII église de la Madeleine colonnes façade occidentale rwk.JPG|The church of [[La Madeleine, Paris]] (consecrated 1842)
File:GPOSydneyInterior2007.jpg|Vaulted colonnade in the [[General Post Office, Sydney]] (1890s)
File:Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University.jpg|Main entrance to the [[Fitzwilliam Museum]], [[University of Cambridge]] (19th century)
File: Brussels 3 157.jpg|Colonnade of the [[Arcade du Cinquantenaire]], [[Brussels]] (1905)
File:NYSED.jpg|[[New York State Education Building]], Albany, New York (1912)
</gallery>

===Modern interpretations===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Palacio da Alvorada Exterior.jpg|[[Palácio da Alvorada]], by [[Oscar Niemeyer]], in [[Brasília]], Brazil (1958)
File:Johnson spanish music 1916 3.jpg|Lebus Court, [[Bridges Hall of Music]], [[Pomona College]], by [[Myron Hunt]] in [[Claremont, California|Claremont]], California, United States (1915)
File:Scripps College for Women-10.jpg|Balch Hall, [[Scripps College]] by [[Sumner Hunt]] and [[Gordon Kaufmann]] in [[Claremont, California|Claremont]], California, United States (1929)
File:Colonnade, Mission and First (2024)-L1005696.jpg|Colonnade on the corner of Mission and First in downtown [[San Francisco]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal |architecture}}
*[[Arcade (architecture)|Arcade]]
*[[Cloister]]
*[[Engaged column]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Colonnades}}
{{wiktionary|colonnade}}
{{reflist}}

{{Room}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Colonnades| ]]
[[Category:Columns and entablature]]
[[Category:Architectural elements]]