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Combine car
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{{Short description|Railway car with both passenger and cargo areas}} {{about|the type of rail car|other uses|Combination car (disambiguation)}} [[Image:Coach-baggage CNW 7409 20041010.jpg|thumb|300px|A coach-baggage on display at the [[Mid-Continent Railway Museum]] in [[North Freedom, Wisconsin]].]] A '''combine car''' in North American parlance, most often referred to simply as a '''combine''', is a type of [[railroad car]] which combines sections for both [[passenger]]s and [[freight]].<ref name ="Bianculli">{{cite book | title = Trains and Technology: Cars | author= Anthony J. Bianculli |publisher = University of Delaware Press |url = https://archive.org/details/trainstechnology0000bian| url-access = registration | quote = combine car (rail car). | date = 2001 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/trainstechnology0000bian/page/46 46] - 48 | isbn = 9780874137309 | access-date = 13 June 2018 }}</ref> Most often, it was used on [[Short-line railroad|short line]]s to carry passengers and their [[luggage]], as a full car would not have been [[cost effective]]. One half (or less) of the car is built like a [[baggage car]] while the other half of the car is a regular [[Passenger car (rail)|passenger car]]. This type of combine is referred to as a ''coach-baggage''. Another common type of combine in railroad use was the ''coach-[[railway post office|RPO]]''. A portion of this type of car was configured as a [[railway post office]] while the rest of the car was configured as a [[passenger railroad car|coach]]. The [[New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]] operated a combine separated into an RPO and a smoking section. In 1893, [[Pullman Company|Pullman]] produced a combine with a baggage area, buffet, barber shop, bathroom with tub and a smoking section featuring a fireplace.<ref name ="Bianculli"/>{{rp|48}} When [[Amtrak]] took over in 1971, lightweight combines were used on most routes, particularly on trains that had used combines before Amtrak took over. As Amtrak started rehabbing their older cars to [[Heritage Fleet]] standards, the only combines which survived were the Baggage-Dorm cars. As Amtrak received the [[Superliner (railcar)|Superliner]] cars in all forms, including dorm cars, the only routes which required rehabbed single-level dorm cars were the East Coast routes (''[[Crescent (train)|Crescent]]'', ''[[Lake Shore Limited]]'', ''[[Silver Star (Amtrak train)|Silver Star]]'', etc.) due to low tunnel clearance. Because Amtrak had a surplus of single-level coaches due to the recent delivery of [[Amfleet]] coaches, baggage-coaches were unnecessary. Thus, baggage-dorm cars were the only cars that should logically be rehabbed. Rehabbed baggage-dorm cars were used on Amtrak East Coast routes from the early 1980s until 1996. When Amtrak received its new [[Viewliner]] and [[Superliner (railcar)#Superliner II|Superliner II]] [[sleeping car]]s in 1996, some of the Heritage 10-6 sleepers were turned into crew dorms, and the dorms became unnecessary. After Amtrak received the Superliner II coaches, some of the Heritage coaches which had been replaced were turned into baggage cars. Thus, baggage-dorms became unnecessary, and all were retired. The Viewliner II orders included 10 baggage-dorms and 4 are currently in service on the Crescent route. Although Amtrak operates many cars in its Superliner fleet that are labeled as ''coach-baggage'', they are not often referred to as combines. [[Via Rail]] still operates a few combines in the traditional sense, which carry passengers, baggage and supplies for villages en route. They are towed by [[Keewatin Railway|freight trains]] in far northern [[Manitoba]].<ref name ="Middleton">{{cite book | title = Yet There Isn't a Train I Wouldn't Take: Railway Journeys | author= William D. Middleton | publisher = Indiana University Press |url = https://archive.org/details/yetthereisnttrai0000midd | url-access = registration | quote = via rail canada combine car (rail car). | date = 2000 | page = [https://archive.org/details/yetthereisnttrai0000midd/page/64 64] | isbn = 9780253336996| access-date = 13 June 2018 }}</ref> ==See also== * [[Bruck (vehicle)|Bruck]] * [[Combi aircraft]] * [[Doodlebug (railcar)]], a self-propelled railcar most commonly configured as a combine car ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Bibliography== * {{White-Passenger-1985}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151227191313/http://www.csrmf.org/events-exhibits/railroad-car-favorites/virginia-and-truckee-railroad-combination-car-no-16 Virginia & Truckee Railroad Combination Car No. 16] — photographs and short history of a Combination Car built in 1874. {{Passenger cars}} {{Freight cars}} [[Category:Freight rolling stock]] [[Category:Passenger railroad cars]] [[de:Halbgepäckwagen]] [[fr:Fourgon ferroviaire]] [[sv:Resgodsvagn]]
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