Editing Computer Sciences Corporation

{{Short description|Defunct American corporation that provided information technology services}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2015}}  
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name              = Computer Sciences Corporation
| logo              = [[Image:CSC Logo.svg|220px|The CSC logo since 2008]] 
| type              = [[Public company|Public]] 
| traded_as         = [[NYSE]]: CSC
| founder           = [[Roy Nutt]]<br />[[Fletcher R. Jones]]
| fate              = [[Mergers and acquisitions|Merged]] with HP Enterprise Services; formed [[DXC Technology]]
| successor         = [[DXC Technology]]
| area_served       = Worldwide 
| key_people        = John Michael Lawrie<br>{{small|(Chairman, President and CEO)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csc.com/investor_relations/ds/32534-company_information|title=Management and Board of Directors|work=Computer Sciences Corporation|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>
| industry          = [[IT service management|IT services]], [[Information technology consulting|IT consulting]] 
| genre             =  
| products          =   
| services          = [[IT]], [[business consulting]] and [[outsourcing]] services 
| subsid            = [[Computer Sciences Raytheon]], [[Xchanging]]
| homepage          =  
| location          =  
| location_city     = [[Tysons, Virginia]]
| location_country  = {{nowrap|United States}} 
| foundation        = {{Start date and age|1959|04}}
| defunct           = {{End date|2017|04|03}}
}}
[[File:Old CSC headquarters.jpg|thumb|250px|CSC's former headquarters in [[El Segundo, California]] (branch office after 2008)]]

'''Computer Sciences Corporation''' ('''CSC''') was an American [[multinational corporation]] that provided [[information technology]] (IT) services and professional services. On April 3, 2017, it merged with the Enterprise Services line of business of [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise|HP Enterprise]] (formerly [[Electronic Data Systems]]) to create [[DXC Technology]].<ref name=one>{{cite web |url= http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160524006613/en/CSC-Announces-Merger-Enterprise-Services-Segment-Hewlett |title= CSC Announces Merger with Enterprise Services Segment of Hewlett Packard Enterprise to create a Global IT Services Leader |work= Press release |date= May 24, 2016 |access-date= November 4, 2016 }}</ref><ref name=two>{{cite web |url=https://www.nyse.com/network/article/nyse-dxc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406022954/https://www.nyse.com/network/article/nyse-dxc |archive-date=April 6, 2017 |title=New York Stock Exchange {{!}} DXC Technology}}</ref>

==History==
CSC was founded in April 1959 in [[Los Angeles]], California, by [[Roy Nutt]] and [[Fletcher R. Jones|Fletcher Jones]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Our History |work= CSC web site |url= http://www.csc.com/about_us/ds/40546-our_history |access-date= June 1, 2010 }}</ref> CSC initially provided [[programming tools]] such as [[assembly language|assembler]] and [[compiler]] software.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/computer-sciences-corporation-history/|title = CSC, History|publisher = fundinguniverse.com}}</ref>

In the 1960s, CSC provided software programming services to major computer manufacturers like [[IBM]] and [[Honeywell]] and secured their first contracts for the U.S. public sector with [[NASA]] (among others).<ref name=":0" />

By 1963, CSC became the largest software company in the United States and the first software company to be listed on the [[American Stock Exchange]].<ref name="Computing Curriculum">{{cite web | url=http://www.hofstra.edu/pdf/comphist_9812tla5.pdf | title=History in the Computing Curriculum | access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref> By the end of 1968, CSC was listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and had operations in [[Canada]], [[India]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Germany]], [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Brazil]], and the [[Netherlands]].

In 1967, CSC set up Computicket Corp. to compete in the fledgling electronic ticket market competing with [[Ticketron]] but lost $13 million and discontinued the service in 1970.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 8, 1970|page=117|last=Arneel|first=Gene|title=Computicket Folds With $13-Mil Loss, But Ticketron Still Punching Away}}</ref>

In the 1970s and 1980s, CSC expanded globally winning large contracts for the finance and defense industries and through acquisitions in Europe and Australia.

In 2000, CSC founded a joint-venture called Innovative Banking Solutions AG<ref>iBS – Smart Applications for Banking on SAP. 2000|https://www.ibs-banking.com/en/company.html</ref> in [[Wiesbaden]], Germany, to market their newly developed SAP solution for mortgage companies.

Since its beginnings in 1959, company headquarters had been in [[California]].  On March 29, 2008, the corporate headquarters of the company were relocated from [[El Segundo, California|El Segundo]], California, to [[Falls Church, Virginia|Falls Church]], [[Virginia]].<ref name="Computer-Sciences-Corporation-Feb-2008-10-Q">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2240/2308208000021/filing-main.htm |title=Computer Sciences Corporation, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Feb 6, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =Mar 29, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Computer-Sciences-Corporation-Mar-2008-8-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2261/2308208000042/filing-main.htm |title=Computer Sciences Corporation, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Mar 31, 2008 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =Mar 29, 2013}}</ref>
CSC had been a [[Fortune 500]] Company since 1995,<ref>{{cite news |title= FORTUNE 500: Companies by year C |url= https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/letters/C.html  |access-date= March 28, 2011 | work=CNN}}</ref> coming in at 162 in the 2012 rankings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/snapshots/2211.html|title=Fortune 500 - Fortune|work=Fortune|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

In fiscal 2013, CSC acquired ServiceMesh (cloud management) for $282M, Infochimps (a big data platform) for $27M, 42Six (analytics for national intelligence) for $35 million, [[iSOFT]] (application solutions) for cash and debt, and AppLabs (application testing) for $171M.<ref name="Computer-Sciences-Corporation-Mar-2014-8-K">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/23082/000002308214000039/csc328201410-k.htm |title=Computer Sciences Corporation, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date March 28, 2014 |publisher=sec.gov |access-date =Nov 2, 2020}}</ref>

In May 2015, CSC announced plans to split the public sector business from its commercial and international business.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Exclusive: Computer Sciences prepares to break itself up - sources|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-computersciences-m-a-idUSKBN0NZ20C20150514|newspaper = Reuters|date = 14 May 2015|access-date = 21 May 2015}}</ref>  In August, it was announced that CSC's Government Service business would merge with SRA International to form a new company — [[CSRA (IT services company)|CSRA]]—at the end of November 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title= CSC to Combine Government Services Unit with SRA Upon Separation from CSC; Combination will Create Leading Pure-Play Government I.T. Business in the U.S. |url= http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/133569-csc_to_combine_government_services_unit_with_sra_upon_separation_from_csc_combination_will_create_leading_pure_play_government_i_t_business_in_the_u_s  |access-date= October 2, 2015 | work=CSC}}</ref>

In July 2015, CSC and HCL Technologies announced the signing of a joint venture agreement to form a banking software and services company, Celeriti FinTech.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150723006389/en/CSC-HCL-Form-Joint-Venture-Deliver-Digital|title=CSC and HCL Form Joint Venture to Deliver Digital Software and Services to Global Banking Clients|work=BusinessWire|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hcltech.com/about-us/hcl-csc-partnership|title=CeleritiFinTech|work=HCLTECH}}</ref>

In September 2015, CSC closed the acquisition of Fixnetix, a provider of front-office managed trading solutions in capital markets.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.nasdaq.com/article/computer-sciences-csc-completes-fixnetix-acquisition-cm525039
| title = Computer Sciences (CSC) Completes Fixnetix Acquisition
| website = NASDAQ.com
| access-date = 2016-02-25
}}</ref> CSC also acquired Fruition Partners, a provider of technology-enabled solutions for the service-management sector during the month.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/133905-csc_finalizes_fruition_partners_acquisition
| title = CSC Finalizes Fruition Partners Acquisition
| website = Computer Sciences Corporation
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-02-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223114226/https://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/133905-csc_finalizes_fruition_partners_acquisition
| archive-date = February 23, 2017
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In November 2015, CSC agreed to acquire the shares of [[UXC]], an IT services company based in Australia in a deal valued at {{AUD|427.6&nbsp;million|link=yes}} ({{US$|309&nbsp;million|link=yes}}).<ref>
{{Cite web
| url = http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/135616-csc_confirms_agreement_to_acquire_australia_s_uxc_limited
| title = CSC Confirms Agreement to Acquire Australia's UXC Limited
| website = Computer Sciences Corporation
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-02-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160228000749/http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/135616-csc_confirms_agreement_to_acquire_australia_s_uxc_limited
| archive-date = February 28, 2016
| url-status = dead
| df = mdy-all
}}
</ref>

In December 2015, business technology and services provider, [[Xchanging]], agreed to be purchased by CSC.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Computer Sciences Corporation to buy Xchanging in £480m deal|url = http://www.cityam.com/230538/us-based-computer-sciences-corporation-set-to-buy-xchanging-in-480m-deal-beating-out-a-previous-offer-from-capita|website = www.cityam.com|access-date = 2015-12-09}}</ref>

In February 2016, CSC announced it was moving its headquarters to [[Tysons, Virginia|Tysons]] in  [[Fairfax County, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://wtop.com/money/2016/02/csc-moving-headquarters-to-tysons-corner/
| title = CSC moving headquarters to Tysons Corner
| website = WTOP
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-02-25
}}</ref>

On April 3, 2017, it merged with HPE Enterprise Services to create [[DXC Technology]].<ref name=one/><ref name=two/>

==Business==
CSC once ranked among the leading IT [[service provider]]s in the world.<ref>Software Company | url=http://www.niveosys.com | '''Magic Quadrant for End-User Outsourcing Services''', North America, 26 August 2014 | publisher=Gartner, Inc.</ref><ref name="top IT service provider by revenue 2009">{{cite web | url=http://www.servicestop100.org/it-services-companies-top-100.php | title=The Top Companies in the IT Services Industry (2009) | access-date=November 25, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324004816/http://www.servicestop100.org/it-services-companies-top-100.php | archive-date=March 24, 2011 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Geographically, CSC had major operations throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

The company operated in three broad service lines or sectors until the 2015 divestment of NPS, its public sector:

* North American Public Sector (NPS): Since 1961, CSC had been one of the major IT [[service provider]]s for the  U.S. federal government. CSC provided services to the [[United States Department of Defense]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://www.computerweekly.com/guides/Supplier-profile-CSC|title = Supplier profile: CSC|publisher = Computer Weekly}}</ref> law enforcement and intelligence agencies  ([[FBI]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDhZF9U4n_TA|title = CSC Wins $59 Million Task Order From FBI to Provide Call Center|publisher = Bloomberg}}</ref> [[CIA]], [[Homeland Security]]<ref name=":1" />), aeronautics and aerospace agencies  ([[NASA]]). In 2012, U.S. federal contracts accounted for 36% of CSC total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://docs.media.bitpipe.com/io_10x/io_102267/item_674002/CWE_prem_CSC_update_220413_FINAL.pdf|title = Computer weekly Supplier Profile : CSC|website = CSC’s outsourcing journey has brought it full circle|page = 3}}</ref>  
* [[Managed Services]]  
* Business Solutions and Services

The company  made several acquisitions, including [[DynCorp]] in 2003<ref name="Computer-Sciences-Corporation-Dec-2002-8-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/260/2308202000041/filing-main.htm |title=Computer Sciences Corporation, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Dec 13, 2002 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =Mar 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/2633-computer_sciences_corporation_completes_acquisition_of_dyncorp |title=Computer Sciences Corporation Completes Acquisition of DynCorp |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213182413/http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/2633-computer_sciences_corporation_completes_acquisition_of_dyncorp |archive-date=December 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and Covansys Corporation in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/3255-csc_completes_acquisition_of_covansys |title=CSC completes acquisition of Covansys |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116193621/http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/3255-csc_completes_acquisition_of_covansys |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
* In September 2012, CSC was ranked 8th in ''Software Magazine''’s Software 500 ranking of the world’s largest software and service providers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/89470-csc_named_to_software_magazine_s_30th_annual_software_500|title=CSC Named to Software Magazine's 30th Annual Software 500|work=Computer Sciences Corporation|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=March 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316013438/http://www.csc.com/newsroom/press_releases/89470-csc_named_to_software_magazine_s_30th_annual_software_500|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Criticism==
* In June 2013, [[Margaret Hodge]], chair of the [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Public Accounts Committee]], a [[Select committee (United Kingdom)|Select committee]] of the [[British House of Commons]], described CSC as a "rotten company providing a hopeless system" with reference to their multibillion-pound contract to deliver the [[National Programme for IT]] Lorenzo contract.<ref>{{citation |first=Tom |last=Brewster |url=http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/nhs-2-2bn-csc-npfit-failed-contract-118941 |title=NHS To Spend £2.2bn On 'Rotten' CSC NPfIT Work |publisher=techweekeurope}}</ref> 
* In December 2011, the non-partisan organization [[Public Campaign]] criticized CSC for spending {{US$|4.39&nbsp;million}} on [[lobbying]] and not paying any taxes during 2008–10, instead getting {{US$|305&nbsp;million}} in tax rebates, despite making a profit of {{US$|1.67&nbsp;billion}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Portero |first=Ashley |title=30 Major U.S. Corporations Paid More to Lobby Congress Than Income Taxes, 2008-2010 |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/264481/20111209/30-major-u-s-corporations-paid-lobby.htm |work=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=26 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107173713/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/264481/20111209/30-major-u-s-corporations-paid-lobby.htm |archive-date=January 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
* In February 2011, the [[Securities and Exchange Commission|U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)]] launched a fraud investigation into CSC's accounting practices in Denmark and Australian business. CSC's CFO Mike Mancuso confirmed that accounting errors and intentional misconduct by certain personnel in Australia prompted SEC regulators to turn their gaze to Australia. Mancuso also stated that the alleged misconduct includes {{US$|19&nbsp;million}} in both intentional accounting irregularities and unintentional accounting errors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bizcloudnetwork.com/computer-sciences-corp-accounting-fraud-australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115204817/http://bizcloudnetwork.com/computer-sciences-corp-accounting-fraud-australia|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2011|title=CSC Accounting Fraud Extends to Australia - BizCloud® Network|author=Nebojsa Despotovic|date=13 November 2011|work=BizCloud® Network|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> The SEC accused the former CEO Mike Laphen of fraud and clawed back $4,35 million<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bort|first=Julie|title=The SEC just clawed back $4 million from the former CEO of tech giant CSC and accused it of fraud|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/former-csc-ceo-to-repay-4-million-2015-6|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Business Insider}}</ref> 
* The company was accused of breaching human rights by arranging several illegal [[Extraordinary rendition|rendition]] flights for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] between 2003 and 2006, which also led to criticism of shareholders of the company, including the governments of Norway and Britain.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2012_05_17_norway_csc_investor_rendition/ |title=Computer Sciences Corporation torture link challenges Norway's ethical reputation |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601081413/http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2012_05_17_norway_csc_investor_rendition/ |archive-date=June 1, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/may/06/lloyds-computer-sciences-corporation-cia-rendition|title=Lloyds owns stake in US firm accused over CIA torture flights|author=Rupert Neate|work=the Guardian|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>
* The company engaged in a number of activities that resulted in legal actions against it. These are:
*# Its so-called ''WorldBridge Service'' ([[Travel visa|Visa]] Services), which processed and issued millions of visa applications to enter Britain, did not involve British authorities.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
*# In 1998, CSC was the prime contractor hired by the Internal Revenue Service to modernize its tax-filing system. They told the IRS it would meet a January 2006 deadline, but failed to do so, leaving the IRS with no system capable of detecting fraud. Its failure to meet the delivery deadline for developing an automated refund fraud detection system cost the IRS between {{US$|200&nbsp;million}} and {{US$|300&nbsp;million}}.{{cn|date=April 2021}}

==See also==
* [[VP/MS]] (Visual Product Modeling System), a [[modeling language]] and [[product lifecycle management]] tool by CSC
* [[Top 100 US Federal Contractors]]
* [[CSRA (IT services company)|CSRA Inc.]], formed by a merger of CSC's North American Public Sector and SRA International 
* [[Team CSC]] and other names 2003-2010. Professional cycling sponsorship under team owner [[Bjarne Riis]].

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.csc.com/}}
* [http://www.secdatabase.com/CIK/23082/Company-Name/COMPUTER-SCIENCES-CORP Computer Sciences Corporation SEC Filings]

{{Computer Sciences Corporation}}
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[[Category:1959 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2017 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:2017 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1959]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2017]]
[[Category:Call centre companies]]
[[Category:Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Computer companies established in 1959]]
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[[Category:Defunct companies based in Virginia]]
[[Category:Defunct computer companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Information technology companies of the United States]]
[[Category:International information technology consulting firms]]
[[Category:International management consulting firms]]
[[Category:Business process outsourcing companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1959]]
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[[Category:Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 1959]]
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