Editing Computer reservation system

{{Short description|none}}
'''Computer reservation systems''', or '''central reservation systems''' ('''CRS'''), are [[computer]]ized systems used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to [[air travel]], [[hotel]]s, [[car rental]], or other activities. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for use by [[travel agency|travel agencies]], and [[global distribution system]]s (GDSs) to book and sell tickets for multiple airlines. Most airlines have [[outsource]]d their CRSs to GDS companies,<ref>{{cite news |title=The ineluctable middlemen |url= http://www.economist.com/node/21560866 |newspaper=The Economist |date=25 August 2012 |access-date=29 August 2012}}</ref> which also enable consumer access through [[Internet]] gateways.

Modern GDSs typically also allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as other activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with the main system. These are also used to relay computerized information for users in the hotel industry, making reservation and ensuring that the hotel is not overbooked.

[[Airline reservations system]]s may be integrated into a larger [[passenger service system]], which also includes an airline inventory system and a [[departure control system]]. The current centralised reservation systems are vulnerable to network-wide system disruptions.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Stewart |first=Jack |title=How a Computer Outage Can Take Down a Whole Airline |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/08/computer-outage-can-take-whole-airline/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pallini |first=Thomas |date=2021-05-21 |title=American Airlines and others carriers were left helpless after a system outage crippled operations, causing delays |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-left-crippled-with-delays-after-sabre-system-outage-2021-5 |access-date=2023-07-07 |publisher=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Levin |first=Tim |date=2021-06-15 |title=A computer-system outage grounded Southwest Airlines flights, causing delays for the second day in a row |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/southwest-airlines-flight-delays-caused-by-computer-outage-2021-6 |access-date=2023-07-07 |publisher=Business Insider }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ibrahim |first=Tony |date=2021-05-21 |title=Travellers still facing delays after Virgin and Rex airlines hit by global IT outage |publisher=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-21/virgin-and-rex-computer-outage-impacting-flights/100157452 |access-date=2023-07-07}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:MARS1(1).jpg|thumb|Preserved [[mainframe computer]] unit of the MARS-1 at the [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] [[Railway Museum (Saitama)|Railway Museum in Saitama]], September 2015.]]

=== MARS-1 ===
The [[MARS (ticket reservation system)|MARS-1]] train ticket reservation system was designed and planned in the 1950s by the [[Japanese National Railways]]' R&D Institute, now the [[Railway Technical Research Institute]], with the system eventually being produced by [[Hitachi]] in 1958.<ref name="mars1">[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/0030.html 【Hitachi and Japanese National Railways】 MARS-1], [[Information Processing Society of Japan]]</ref> It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains.<ref name="dawn">[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/history.html Early Computers: Brief History], [[Information Processing Society of Japan]]</ref> The MARS-1 was capable of reserving seat positions, and was controlled by a [[transistor computer]] with a [[central processing unit]] and a 400,000-bit magnetic drum memory unit to hold seating files. It used many [[Processor register|registers]], to indicate whether seats in a train were vacant or reserved to accelerate searches of and updates to seat patterns, for communications with terminals, printing reservation notices, and [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] displays.<ref name="mars1"/>

=== Remote access ===
In 1953 [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA) started investigating a computer-based system with remote [[Computer terminal|terminals]], testing one design on the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[Ferranti Mark 1]] machine that summer. Though successful, the researchers found that input and output was a major problem. [[Ferranti Canada]] became involved in the project and suggested a new system using [[punched card]]s and a [[transistor]]ized computer in place of the unreliable [[Vacuum tube|tube]]-based Mark I. The resulting system, [[ReserVec]], started operation in 1962, and took over all booking operations in January 1963. Terminals were placed in all of TCA's ticketing offices, allowing all queries and bookings to complete in about one second with no remote operators needed.

In 1953 American Airlines [[chief executive officer|CEO]] [[C. R. Smith]] chanced to sit next to R. Blair Smith, a senior [[IBM]] sales representative, on a flight from [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]] to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York]]. C.R. invited Blair to visit their Reservisor system and look for ways that IBM could improve the system. Blair alerted [[Thomas Watson Jr.]] that American was interested in a major collaboration, and a series of low-level studies started. Their idea of an automated [[airline reservations system|airline reservation system]] (ARS) resulted in a 1959 venture known as the [[Sabre (computer system)|Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment]] (SABRE), launched the following year.<ref>R. Blair Smith, OH 34. Oral history interview by Robina Mapstone, May 1980. Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=9 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020816141010/http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=9 |date=2002-08-16 }}</ref> By the time the network was completed in December 1964, it was the largest civil [[data processing]] system in the world.

Other airlines established their own systems. [[Pan Am]] launched its PANAMAC system in 1964. [[Delta Air Lines]] launched the Delta Automated Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968. [[United Airlines]] and [[Trans World Airlines]] followed in 1971 with the [[Apollo Reservation System]] and [[Programmed Airline Reservation System]] (PARS), respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the process by accessing the various ARSes directly to make reservations. Fearful this would place too much power in the hands of agents, American Airlines executive [[Robert Crandall]] proposed creating an industry-wide computer reservation system to be a central clearing house for U.S. travel; other airlines demurred, citing fear that [[United States antitrust law]] may have been breached.

=== Travel agent access ===
In 1976, United Airlines began offering its Apollo system to travel agents; while it would not allow the agents to book tickets on United's competitors, the marketing value of the convenient terminal proved indispensable. SABRE, PARS, and DATAS were soon released to travel agents as well. Following [[Airline Deregulation Act|airline deregulation]] in 1978, an efficient CRS proved particularly important; by some counts, [[Texas Air]] executive [[Frank Lorenzo]] purchased money-losing [[Eastern Air Lines]] specifically to gain control of its SystemOne CRS.

Also in 1976 [[Videcom international]] with [[British Airways]], [[British Caledonian]] and CCL launched [[Travicom]], the world's first multi-access reservations system (wholly based on Videcom technology), forming a network providing distribution for initially two and subsequently 49 subscribing international airlines (including British Airways, British Caledonian, [[Trans World Airlines]], [[Pan Am]], [[Qantas]], [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Air France]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Scandinavian Airlines System]], [[Air Canada]], [[KLM]], [[Alitalia]], [[Cathay Pacific]] and [[Japan Airlines]]) to thousands of travel agents in the UK. It allowed agents and airlines to communicate via a common distribution language and network, handling 97% of UK airline business trade bookings by 1987. The system went on to be replicated by Videcom in other areas of the world including the Middle East (DMARS), New Zealand, Kuwait (KMARS), Ireland, Caribbean, United States and Hong Kong. Travicom was a trading name for Travel Automation Services Ltd. When British Airways (who by then owned 100% of Travel Automation Services Ltd) chose to participate in the development of the Galileo system Travicom changed its trading name to Galileo UK and a migration process was put in place to move agencies from Travicom to Galileo.

European airlines also began to invest in the field in the 1980s initially by deploying their own reservation systems in their homeland, propelled by growth in demand for travel as well as technological advances which allowed GDSes to offer ever-increasing services and searching power. In 1987, a consortium led by Air France and West Germany's Lufthansa developed [[Amadeus (computer system)|Amadeus]], modeled on SystemOne. Amadeus Global Travel Distribution was launched in 1992. In 1990, Delta, [[Northwest Airlines]], and Trans World Airlines formed [[Worldspan]], and in 1993, another consortium (including British Airways, KLM, and [[United Airlines]], among others) formed the competing company [[Galileo GDS]] based on Apollo. Numerous smaller companies such as KIU have also formed, aimed at niche markets not catered for by the four largest networks, including the [[low-cost carrier]] segment, and small and medium size domestic and regional airlines.

==Trends==
At first, airlines' reservation systems preferred their owners' flights to others. By 1987, United States government regulations required SABRE and other American systems to be neutral, with airlines instead selling access to them for profit. European airlines' systems were still skewed toward their owners, but ''[[Flight International]]'' reported that they would inevitably become neutral as well.<ref name="fi19871010">{{Cite magazine |date=October 10, 1987 |title=Sabre crusades for neutral CRS in Europe |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%201976.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080431/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%201976.html |archive-date=2018-05-09 |access-date=2011-11-03 |magazine=Flight International |publisher=Flight Global |pages=6-7}}</ref>

For many years, [[global distribution system]]s (GDSs) have had a dominant position in the travel industry. To bypass the GDSs, and avoid high GDS fees, airlines have started to sell flights directly through their websites.<ref>Strauss, Michael (2010), [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0557612462 Value Creation in Travel Distribution]</ref> Another way to bypass the GDSs is direct connection to travel agencies, such as that of [[American Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://directconnect.aa.com/Default.aspx |title=American Airlines - Direct Connect |publisher=Directconnect.aa.com |access-date=2012-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831061423/http://directconnect.aa.com/Default.aspx |archive-date=2012-08-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Major airline CRS systems==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Created by
! Airlines using
! Also used by
|- valign="top"
|[[AirCore]]
|
*[[Unisys]]
|
*GDS and other PSS systems, Low Cost Airlines, Full Services Carriers, Hybrid Airlines
|
*Several large corporations
|-
|[[Abacus (GDS)|Abacus]] (purchased by Sabre in 2015)
|
* [[All Nippon Airways]]
* [[Cathay Pacific]]
* [[China Airlines]]
* [[EVA Airways]]
* [[Garuda Indonesia]]
* [[Malaysia Airlines]]
* [[Philippine Airlines]]
* [[Royal Brunei Airlines]]
* [[Sabre (computer system)|SABRE]]
* [[Singapore Airlines]]
|
*
|
* Online travel agencies
* Over 450 individual airlines
* Over 25 countries in Asia Pacific
* Over 80,000 hotels
|- valign="top"
|
ACCELaero
|
*ISA, Information Systems Associates FZE
|
*[[Air Arabia]]
*[[Kam Air]]
*[[Mahan Air]]
*[[Zest Air]]
*Over 14 airlines including [[low-cost carrier]]s and full-service carriers
|
|-
|[[Amadeus CRS|Amadeus]] (1987)
|
* [[Air France]]
* [[Iberia Airlines]]
* [[Lufthansa]]
* [[Scandinavian Airlines System]]
|
* [[All Nippon Airways]]
* [[Aegean Airlines]]
* [[Air India]] 
* [[Air Canada]]
* [[Air Algérie]]
* [[Air Astana]]
* [[Air Caraïbes]]
* [[Air Corsica]]
* [[Air Côte d'Ivoire]]
* [[Air Dolomiti]]
* [[Air France]]
* [[Air Greenland]]
* [[Air Mauritius]]
* [[Air Serbia]]
* [[Air Tahiti Nui]]
* [[Air Vanuatu]]
* [[airBaltic]]
* [[Aircalin]]
* [[Asiana Airlines]]
* [[Austrian Airlines]]
* [[Avianca]]
* [[Bangkok Airways]]
* [[Binter Canarias]]
* [[British Airways]]
* [[Brussels Airlines]]
* [[Bulgaria Air]]
* [[Camair-Co]]
* [[CapeAir]]
* [[Cathay Pacific]]
* [[China Airlines]]
* [[Cimber Sterling]]
* [[Corsairfly|Corsair]]
* [[Croatia Airlines]]
* [[Czech Airlines]]
* [[EgyptAir]]
* [[El Al]]
* [[Etihad Airways]]
* [[EVA Airways]]
* [[Fiji Airways]]
* [[Finnair]]
* [[Flybe (2022–2023)|Flybe]]
* [[Garuda Indonesia]]
* [[Hawaiian Airlines]]
* [[Hunnu Air]]
* [[Iberia Airlines|Iberia]]
* [[Icelandair]]
* [[Japan Airlines]]
* [[KLM]]
* [[Kenya Airways]]
* [[Korean Air]]
* [[Kuwait Airways]]
* [[LACSA]]
* [[Libyan Airlines]]
* [[LOT Polish Airlines|LOT]]
* [[Lufthansa]]
* [[Malaysia Airlines]]
* [[MIAT Mongolian Airlines]]
* [[Middle East Airlines]]
* [[OpenSkies]]
* [[Philippine Airlines]]
* [[Qantas]]
* [[Qatar Airways]]
* [[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya]]
* [[Royal Air Maroc]]
* [[Royal Brunei Airlines]]
* [[Royal Jordanian]]
* [[Ukrainian International Airlines]]
* [[S7 Airlines]]
* [[Safi Airways]]
* [[SATA Air Açores]]
* [[SATA International]]
* [[Saudi Arabian Airlines|Saudia]]
* [[Scandinavian Airlines]]
* [[Seaport Airlines]]
* [[Singapore Airlines]]
* [[South African Airways]]
* [[Southwest Airlines]]
* [[SriLankan Airlines]]
* [[Starlux Airlines]]
* [[Swiss International Air Lines]]
* [[TACA Airlines]]
* [[TAM Airlines]]
* [[TAM Mercosur]]
* [[TAP Portugal]]
* [[Thai Airways]]
* [[Thai Smile]]
* [[Thai Vietjet Air]] (soon)
* [[Toumaï Air Tchad]]
* [[Trans Air Congo]]
* [[Tunisair]]
* [[Turkish Airlines|Turkish]]
* [[Twin Jet]]
* [[VietJet Air]] (soon)
* [[Uni Air]]
* [[Ural Airlines]]
* [[Widerøe]]
|
*144 Airline [[Passenger Service System]] customers through 60,000 airline sales offices worldwide
*90,000 travel agencies worldwide, both offline and online, in 195 countries. Online agencies include:
**[[Yatra.com]]
**[[MakeMyTrip]]
**[[Expedia]]
**[[ebookers]]
**[[CheapTickets]]
**[[Opodo]]
**Jetabroad
*440 bookable airlines (including over 60 Low Cost Carriers)
*Over 100,000 unique hotel properties
*30 Car rental companies representing over 36,000 car rental locations
*21 Cruise Lines
*203 Tour Operators
*103 Rail Operators
*23 Travel Insurance Companies
|- valign="top"
| ameliaRES
|
*InteliSys Aviation Systems
|
*Over 40 [[low-cost carrier]]s and [[regional airline]]s*
*[[VietJet Air]]<ref name="CH-Aviation">{{cite web |title=InteliSys amelia RES |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/airlines/it/system/AMEL |website=Ch-aviation |access-date=4 November 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*[[Thai VietJet Air]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Air Borealis]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Air Liaison]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Air Saint-Pierre]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Air Timor]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Bearskin Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Calm Air]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Central Mountain Air]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Cronos Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[DAC Aviation International]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Flair Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Int'Air Iles]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Lao Skyway]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Pacific Coastal Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[PAL Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Pascan Aviation]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Perimeter Aviation]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[SKS Airways]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[SkyTrans Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Surinam Airways]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Tailwind Aviation]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[VI Air Link]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Thai Platinum International Airlines]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Vieques Air Link]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Wasaya Airways LP]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Wildcat Touring]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
*[[Wilderness Seaplanes]]<ref name="CH-Aviation"/>
|-
|Avantik PSS
|
* Bravo Passenger Solutions
|
* [[Alliance Airlines]]
* [[Aurigny|Aurginy]]
* [[Bassaka Air]]
* [[National Jet Express|Cobham]]
* [[Edelweiss Air]]
* [[La Compagnie]]
* [[Peach Aviation|Peach]]
* [[Peach Aviation|People's]]
* [[Sky Express (Greece)|Sky Express]]
* [[Susi Air]]
* [[Tara Air]]
* [[Tassili Airlines]]
* [[Yeti Airlines]]
|
* [[Online Travel Agency OTA|Online Travel Agencies]]
|- valign="top"
| [[Axess (CRS)|Axess]]
| 
| 
*[[Japan Airlines]]
|
|- valign="top"
| Deltamatic (PSS)
| 
*[[Delta Air Lines]]
| 
*[[Delta Air Lines]]
*[[Virgin Atlantic]]
|
|- valign="top"
|Crane
|
*[[Hitit Computer Services|Hitit]]
|
*[[Aero Contractors (Nigeria)|Aero Contractors]]
*[[Air Manas]]
*[[Air Mediterranean]]
*[[Air Namibia]]
*[[Air Tuerk]]
*[[APG Airlines]]
*[[Arik Air]]
*[[Bahamas Air]]
*[[Chalair]]
*[[Euro Airlines]]
*[[Kamair]]
*[[Nesma Airlines]]
*[[Passion Air]]
*[[Pakistan International Airlines]]
*[[Pegasus Airlines]]
*[[Precision Air]]
*[[Turkmenistan Airlines]]
*[[Nouvel Air]]
*[[Air Tanzania]]
*[[K2 Airlines]]
*[[FlyArystan]]
*[[Uganda Airlines]]
*[[OneSky]]
*[[Blue Stream]]
*[[Libyan Wings]]
*[[Sky Mali]]
*[[Win Air]]
*[[Animawings]]
*[[Air Seychelles]]
*[[Contour Airlines]]
*[[Yemenia Airways]]
*[[Nella Linhas Aeros]]
*[[Mai Air]]
*[[Air KBZ]]
*[[Daallo]]
*[[Cabo Verde]]
*[[Royal Brunei Airlines]]
| 
|- valign="top"
| [[Internet Booking Engine]]
|
*[[The Emirates Group#IT|Mercator]]
|
*[[Qatar Airways]]
*[[Sri Lankan Airlines]]
*[[SAS Braathens]]
|
*Over 3 individual airlines
|- valign="top"
| KIU
|
|
*Air Cuenca
*[[EasyFly]]
*Guinea Líneas Aéreas
*[[LASER Airlines]]
*[[LC Busre]]
*[[Línea Aérea Amaszonas]]
*[[MAYAir]]
*[[SAEREO]]
*[[Sol América]]
*[[Star Perú]]
*[[Tiara Air]]
*[[Transportes Aéreos Cielos Andinos]]
*[[ValueJet (Nigeria)|ValueJet]]
*[[Venezolana]]
|
*Over 20 individual airlines
*Over 10 countries in Latin America, North America, Africa and Europe
*Travel agencies and wholesale tour operators worldwide
|- valign="top"
| [[MARS (ticket reservation system)|MARS]]
| 
*[[Railway Technical Research Institute]]
*[[Hitachi]]
| 
| 
*[[Japan Railways Group]]
*Japanese travel agencies
|- valign="top"
| [[The Emirates Group#IT|Mercator]]
|
*[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]
|
*[[Air Malawi]]
*[[Air Tanzania]]
*[[Air Zimbabwe]]
*[[CTK – CiTylinK]]
*[[Danube Wings]]
*[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]
*[[flydubai]]
*[[InterSky]]
*[[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]
*[[People's]]
*[[Sky Work Airlines]]
*[[Surinam Airways]]
*[[Syrian Air]]
*[[Yemenia]]
*[[Zest Airways]]
|
|- valign="top"
| New Skies
| 
*[[Navitaire]]
|
*[[AeroItalia]]
*[[AirAsia]]
*[[AirAsia Cambodia]]
*[[AirAsia X]]
*[[Air India Express]]
*[[Air Premia]]
*[[Akasa Air]]
*[[Allegiant Air]]
*[[Azul Brazilian Airlines|Azul]]
*[[Blue Air]]
*[[Breeze Airways]]
*[[Buzz (Ryanair)|Buzz]]
*[[Cebu Pacific]]
*[[Citilink]]
*[[Eastar Jet]]
*[[Eurowings]]
*[[Eurowings Europe]]
*[[Firefly (airline)|Firefly]]
*[[Flynas]]
*[[FlyOne]]
*[[FlyOne Armenia]]
*[[Frontier Airlines]]
*[[HK Express]]
*[[IndiGo]]
*[[Indonesia AirAsia]]
*[[Jambojet]]
*[[Jazeera Airways]]
*[[Jeju Air]]
*[[JetSmart]]
*[[JetSmart Argentina]]
*[[JetSmart|JetSmart Colombia]]
*[[JetSmart Perú]]
*[[Jetstar]]
*[[Jetstar Asia]]
*[[Jetstar Japan]]
*[[JSX (airline)|JSX]]
*[[Lauda Europe]]
*[[Malta Air]]
*[[Norse Atlantic Airways]]
*[[Norse Atlantic UK]]
*[[Philippines AirAsia]]
*[[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]]
*[[Porter Airlines]]
*[[Ryanair]]
*[[Ryanair UK]]
*[[Scoot]]
*[[SpiceJet]]
*[[Spirit Airlines]]
*[[Sun Country]]
*[[Tigerair Taiwan]]
*[[Transavia]]
*[[Transavia France]]
*[[TUI Airways]]
*[[TUI fly Belgium]]
*[[TUI fly Deutschland]]
*[[TUI fly Netherlands]]
*[[TUI fly Nordic]]
*[[Thai AirAsia]]
*[[Thai AirAsia X]]
*[[Viva (airline)|Viva]]
*[[Volaris]]
*[[Volaris Costa Rica]]
*[[Volaris El Salvador]]
*[[Volotea]]
*[[Vueling]]
*[[Wizz Air]]
*[[Wizz Air Abu Dhabi]]
*[[Wizz Air Malta]]
*[[Wizz Air UK]]
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Programmed Airline Reservations System|PARS]]/[[SHARES]] by [[HP Enterprise Services|EDS]]
|
|
*[[Air Nigeria]]
*[[Braniff International Airways]]
*[[COPA Airlines]]
*[[Island Air (Hawaii)|Hawaii Island Air]]
*[[United Airlines]]
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Patheo CRS|Patheo]]
|
*[[Finnair]]
*[[KLM]]
*[[Lufthansa]]
|
|
*Online travel agencies including
**[[Airgorrila]]
**[[American Express]]
**[[Anyfares]]
**Flights
|- valign="top"
| [[Radixx]]
|
|
*[[Aerocon]]
*[[Africa World Airlines]]
*[[Air India Express]]
*[[Air Rarotonga]]
*[[Air Transat]]
*[[Air Turks & Caicos]]
*[[Eznis]]
*[[Federal Air]]
*[[Fly Dubai]]
*[[Freedom Air Guam]]
*[[Great Lakes Aviation]]
*[[Gryphon Airlines|Gryphon]]
*[[JetUs]]
*[[Lydd Air]]
*[[Mokulele]]
*[[Nature Air]]
*[[Nok Air]]
*[[Polynesian (airline)|Polynesian]]
*[[Primera Air]]
*[[Rotana Jet]]
*[[Syphax Airlines]]
*[[Transat Tours]]
*[[Wingo (airline)|Wingo]]
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Sabre (computer system)|Sabre]] (1960)
|
*[[American Airlines]]
|
*[[Aeroflot]]
*[[Aerolíneas Argentinas]]
*[[Aeroméxico]]
*[[Air Malta]]
*[[Air New Zealand]]
*[[Air Serbia]]
*[[Alaska Airlines]]
*[[American Airlines]]
*[[Avior Airlines]]
*[[Bahamasair]]
*[[Bearskin Airlines]]
*[[Canadian North]]
*[[Central Mountain Air]]
*[[COPA Airlines]]
*[[Cyprus Airways]]
*[[Ethiopian Airlines]]
*[[First Air]]
*[[Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes]]
*[[Gulf Air]]
*[[JetBlue]]
*[[LATAM Airlines]]
*[[LATAM Ecuador]]
*[[LATAM Perú]]
*[[Oman Air]]
*[[Pakistan International Airlines]]
*[[RavnAir Group]]
*[[SBA Airlines]]
*[[TRIP Linhas Aéreas]]
*[[Vietnam Airlines]]
*[[Virgin Australia]]
*[[WestJet]]
|
*Online Travel Agencies:
**[[Travelocity]]
**[[Lastminute.com]]
**[[Travel Guru]]
**[[Priceline.com|Priceline]]
*Schedules for 400 airlines
*380 airline industry customers, including 44 airlines representing all major alliances
*88,000 hotels
*50 rail carriers
*180 tour operators
*13 cruise lines
*24 car rental brands serving 30,000 locations
* 9 limousine vendors providing access to more than 33,500 ground service providers
*55,000 travel agencies in over 100 countries
|- valign="top"
| Sell-More-Seats
| 
| 
*More than 55 [[Scheduled airline|scheduled carriers]], [[Charter airline|charter carriers]] and [[low-cost carrier]]s in Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East and Central America
| 
|- valign="top"
| SkyVantage Airline Software
| 
|
*[[ABM Air]]
*[[Africa's Connection]]
*[[Air Century]]
*[[Air Unlimited]]
*[[Branson AirExpress]]
*[[Caicos Express Airlines]]
*[[Caribbean Helicopters]]
*[[Denver Air]]
*[[One Caribbean]]
*[[Pacificair]]
*[[Sansa Airlines|Sansa]]
*[[Sky Bahamas]]
*[[Sunshine Coast Air]]
*[[Watermakers Air]]
*[[Western Air]]
|
|-
| [[Travel Technology Interactive]]
|
*[[Travel Technology Interactive]] Group
|
*Over 40 [[low-cost carrier]]s, [[regional airline]]s and [[Legacy carrier]]s of which
*[[Air Antilles Express]]
*[[Air KBZ]]
*[[Europe Airpost]]
*[[Ewa Air]]
*[[Jubba Airways]]
*[[Our Airline]]
*[[Passaredo Linhas Aéreas]]
*[[SATENA]]
*[[Zanair]]
|
*Travel agencies and wholesale tour operators worldwide
|- valign="top"
| [[TravelSky Technology Limited|TravelSky]]
|
|
*[[Air China]]
*[[Air Macau]]
*[[China Eastern Airlines]]
*[[China Southern Airlines]]
*[[Hainan Airlines]]
*[[Hong Kong Airlines]]
*[[Shandong Airlines]]
*[[Shanghai Airlines]]
*[[Sichuan Airlines]]
*[[Air Manas]]
|
*Online travel agencies including
**[[Ctrip]]
**[[eLong]]
**[[mangocity]]
|- valign="top"
| [[Travelport|Travelport GDS]] Includes [[Apollo Reservation System|Apollo]] (1971), [[Galileo CRS|Galileo]] (1987) and [[Worldspan]] (1990)
|
*Apollo: [[United Airlines]].
*Galileo: [[British Airways]], [[KLM]], [[Alitalia]], [[Swissair]], [[Austrian Airlines]], [[Olympic Airways]], [[Sabena]], [[TAP Air Portugal]], [[Aer Lingus]].
*Worldspan: [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Northwest Airlines]] (Northwest Airlines merged with Delta Air Lines which uses Deltamatic), [[Trans World Airlines]] (merged with American Airlines which currently uses Sabre).
|
|
*[[Zuji]]
*BookIt.com
*[[ebookers]]
*[[Expedia]]
*[[Flight Centre]]
*[[Hotels]]
*[[Hotwire.com|Hotwire]]
*[[Orbitz]]
*[[Priceline.com|Priceline]]
*[[Trailfinders]]
*[[Webjet]]
*[[Travel agency|Travel Agencies]]
*Online Travel Services
*Airlines
*Corporations
|- valign="top"
|}

==Other systems==
* Polyot-Sirena

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Airline reservations system]]
* {{section link|Overselling|Airlines}}
* [[Passenger name record]]
* [[Travel technology]]
* [[ARINC]]
* [[Rockwell Collins]]
* [[SITA (business services company)]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commercial air travel}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Computer Reservations System}}
[[Category:Airline tickets]]
[[Category:Business software]]
[[Category:Travel technology]]
[[Category:Computer reservation systems| ]]
[[Category:Tourism industry]]