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Concerted reaction
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{{short description|Chemical reaction in which all bond reformation occurs in one step}} [[File:Sn2EtCl+bromide.png|thumb|[[SN2|S{{sub|N}}2]] reaction of a [[bromide ion]] with [[chloroethane]] showing the concerted nature of the reaction, the transition state and the predictable [[stereochemistry]] through [[Walden inversion]].]] In [[chemistry]], a '''concerted reaction''' is a [[chemical reaction]] in which all [[Chemical bond|bond]] breaking and bond making occurs in a single [[Reaction step|step]]. [[Reactive intermediate]]s or other unstable high energy intermediates are not involved.<ref>Carey, Francis A.; Sundberg, Richard J.; (1984). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A Structure and Mechanisms (2nd ed.). New York N.Y.: Plenum Press. {{ISBN|0-306-41198-9}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://goldbook.iupac.org/CT07011.html|title = IUPAC Gold Book - concerted reaction|doi = 10.1351/goldbook.CT07011|date = 24 February 2014|accessdate = 12 April 2014|publisher = [[IUPAC]]|doi-access = free}}</ref> Concerted [[reaction rate]]s tend not to depend on [[solvent]] [[Chemical polarity|polarity]] ruling out large buildup of [[electrical charge|charge]] in the [[transition state]]. The reaction is said to progress through a '''concerted mechanism''' as all bonds are formed and broken ''in concert''. [[Pericyclic]] reactions, the [[SN2|S{{sub|N}}2]] reaction, and some [[Rearrangement reaction|rearrangements]] - such as the [[Claisen rearrangement]] - are concerted reactions. The rate of the S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction is second order overall due to the reaction being [[bimolecular]] (i.e. there are two molecular species involved in the [[rate-determining step]]). The reaction does not have any intermediate steps, only a [[transition state]]. This means that all the bond making and bond breaking takes place in a single step. In order for the reaction to occur both molecules must be situated correctly. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Organic reactions]]
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