Editing Concurrent resolution

{{Short description|Resolution adopted by both houses of a bicameral leglislature}}
A '''concurrent resolution''' is a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] (a [[Legislation|legislative]] measure) adopted by both houses of a [[Bicameralism|bicameral legislature]] that lacks the force of [[law]] (is [[non-binding resolution|non-binding]]) and does not require the approval of the [[head of government|chief executive]] ([[President (government title)|president]]). Concurrent resolutions are typically adopted to regulate the internal affairs of the legislature that adopted them, or for other purposes, if authority of law is not necessary (such as in the cases of [[award]]s or recognitions).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bills and Resolutions: Examples of How Each Kind Is Used |url=http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-706_20101202.pdf |first=Richard |last=Beth |date=December 2, 2010 |access-date=August 9, 2013 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316034853/http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/98-706_20101202.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-16 }}</ref>

==United States Congress==
In the [[United States Congress]], a concurrent resolution is a resolution passed by both the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[United States Senate|Senate]] but is not presented to the [[President of the United States|President]] for signature and does not have the force of law. In contrast, [[joint resolution]]s and [[Bill (proposed law)|bills]] are presented to the President and, once signed or [[Veto override|approved over a veto]], are [[enactment of a bill|enacted]] and have the force of law.

Concurrent resolutions are generally used to address the sentiments of both chambers or to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses. Examples of concurrent resolutions include:
*providing for a recess or adjournment of more than three days during the session of Congress. (This is required by [[Article One of the United States Constitution|Article I, Section 5]] of the [[United States Constitution]], "Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.")
*permitting the use of the [[United States Capitol rotunda|Capitol rotunda]], which is under the control of both houses.
*providing for a [[Joint session of the United States Congress|joint session of Congress]], normally to hear a message from the President, such as the [[State of the Union address]].
*correcting the [[Enrolled bill doctrine|enrollment]] of a bill that has already passed both houses.
*asking the President to return a bill that has been presented to him, before he has signed or [[veto#United States|vetoed the bill]].
*launching the [[United States budget process|budget process]].
*creating a temporary [[Joint committee (legislative)|joint committee]].

Before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ended the practice in its decision in ''[[Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha]]'' 462 U.S. 919 (1983), concurrent resolutions were sometimes used to override executive actions via a mechanism known as the [[Legislative veto in the United States|legislative veto]].

If ''both'' houses of Congress were to [[censure]] a President (which has never happened, though both the House and Senate have done so individually) the action would, according to [[parliamentary procedure]], be in the form of a concurrent resolution, as a joint resolution requires the President's signature or veto and has the power of law. A concurrent resolution does not have the power of law, nor does it require action by the executive to take force.

Concurrent resolutions originating in the Senate are abbreviated '''S.Con.Res.''' and those originating in the House are abbreviated '''H.Con.Res.'''

== State legislatures ==
In some U.S. states, a [[state of emergency]] can be ended by a concurrent resolution from the state legislature.<ref>{{cite news |title=California governor won't lift virus state of emergency |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-coronavirus-pandemic-health-government-and-politics-89952febf59d2a2aff2455ff2fe15b87 |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=AP NEWS |date=4 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Legislative Oversight of Emergency Executive Powers |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/legislative-oversight-of-executive-orders.aspx |publisher=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]] |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref>

==Examples of concurrent resolutions==
*[[United States Senate Fiscal Year 2014 Budget (S.Con.Res 8; 113th Congress)|113th S.Con.Res. 8]] - The Fiscal Year 2014 Senate budget, passed on March 23, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=S.Con.Res 8|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-concurrent-resolution/8?q=s+con+res+8|publisher=United States Congress|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref> 
*[[U.S. House Fiscal Year 2014 Budget (H. Con. Res. 25; 113th Congress)|113th H.Con.Res. 25]] - The Fiscal Year 2014 House budget, passed on March 21, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=H.Con.Res. 25|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/25?q=H+con+res+25|publisher=United States Congress|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>
*[[Senate Concurrent Resolution 10 of the 113th Congress]] - A bill to use the [[United States Capitol Visitor Center]] to celebrate the birthday of [[Kamehameha I|King Kamehameha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=S. Con. Res. 10 - Summary|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-concurrent-resolution/10|publisher=United States Congress|access-date=13 May 2013}}</ref>
*[[115th United States Congress|115]] S.Con.Res.3 - Senator [[Michael B. Enzi]] (R-WY) introduced the S. Con. Res. 3 and S.84 on January 3, 2017, a "concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2017 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2018 through 2026."<ref name="senate_concurrent_resolution_3">{{citation |title=S.Con.Res.3 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) |publisher=Congress |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-concurrent-resolution/3/text}}</ref> On January 12, 2017, a resolution provided for "two hours of general debate on S. Con. Res. 3 under a structured rule, and ninety minutes of debate on S.84."
*HJ119 in Florida 
*H.Con.Res 83 - Sponsored by Representative [[Elissa Slotkin]] and passed by the House of Representatives on January 10, 2020, following the [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|U.S. drone strike]] against the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]]'s commander Major General [[Qasem Soleimani]] and the subsequent escalation of the 2019-20 Persian Gulf crisis, mandates that President [[Donald Trump]] cease military activity against [[Iran]] without congressional approval. The [[constitutionality]] of the resolution is uncertain due to the 1983 ''[[Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha]]'' decision by the [[Burger Court]] limiting [[Legislative veto in the United States|legislative veto]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/war-powers-resolution-house-votes-to-limit-trumps-ability-act-against-iran/|title=House approves war powers resolution to restrict Trump on Iran|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=10 January 2020 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/83|title=H.Con.Res.83 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of United States Armed Forces to engage in hostilities in or against Iran.|last=Slotkin|first=Elissa|date=2020-01-09|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bill (law)]]
* [[Conditional adjournment]]
* [[Joint resolution]]
* [[Procedures of the United States Congress]]
* [[Simple resolution]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{United States Congress|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:United States congressional resolutions]]
[[Category:Legislative branch of the United States government]]
[[Category:Terminology of the United States Congress]]