Editing Congress

{{Short description|Formal meeting of representatives of different countries, states, organizations, etc.}}
{{about|the forum|other uses}}
[[File:Europa Congres Ridderzaal Den Haag. Overzicht, Bestanddeelnr 902-7379.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Meeting in the [[Ridderzaal|Hall of Knights]] in [[The Hague]] during the [[Congress of Europe]], 1948]]

A '''congress''' is a formal meeting of the [[Representative democracy|representatives]] of different [[countries]], constituent states, organizations, [[trade unions]], [[political party|political parties]], or other groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |title=congress |work=Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online |publisher=[[Longman]] |location=London |access-date=June 12, 2013 |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135447/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |url-status=live }}</ref> The term originated in [[Late Middle English]] to denote an [[wikt:encounter|encounter]] (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the [[Latin]] ''[[wikt:congressus|congressus]]''.<ref>{{cite web| title=congress |url= https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160925012628/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress   |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2016 |work=Oxford English Dictionary Online| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| location=Oxford |access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref>

==Political congresses ==
===International relations===
The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations:
*The [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)]], which ended the [[War of Devolution]]
*The [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)]], which ended the [[War of the Austrian Succession]]
*The [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)]]
*The [[Congress of Berlin]] (1878), which settled the [[Eastern Question]] after the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]]
*The [[Congress of Gniezno]] (1000)
*The [[Congress of Laibach]] (1821)
*The [[Congress of Panama]], an 1826 meeting organized by [[Simón Bolívar]]
*The [[Congress of Paris (1856)]], which ended the Crimean War
*The [[Congress of Troppau]] (1820)
*The [[Congress of Tucumán]] (1816)
*The [[Treaty of Utrecht|Congress of Utrecht]] (1712–1713)
*The [[Congress of Verona]] (1822)
*The [[Congress of Vienna]] (1814–15), which settled the shape of Europe after the [[Napoleonic Wars]]
*The [[Congress of the Council of Europe]].

===Legislatures===
[[File:Buenos Aires-Plaza Congreso-Pensador de Rodin.jpg|thumb|285x285px|[[Argentine National Congress]] in [[Buenos Aires]]]]

====[[presidential system|Presidential]] and [[semi-presidential system]]s====
In the mid-1770s, the [[Thirteen Colonies|British colonies]] that became the United States of America adopted for their joint [[Convention (meeting) | convention]] the word "Congress" - to emphasize each colony's status as a [[State (polity)|state]] in its own right.{{cn|date=July 2024}} The term has since been adopted by many [[Sovereign state| countries]] to refer to their [[legislature]]s.
*The [[United States Congress]] is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[United States federal government]].
**The [[Continental Congress]] (1774–1781) was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the [[Congress of the Confederation]] (1781–1789), legislature of the [[United States]] under the [[Articles of Confederation]].
**The [[Confederate States Congress]] of 1861–1865 operated in the [[Confederate States of America]] during the [[American Civil War]].
*The [[Congress of Guatemala]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the [[unicameral legislature]] of [[Guatemala]].
*The [[National Congress of Honduras]] (Spanish: ''Congreso nacional'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Honduras]].
*The [[Congress of Mexico]] ({{langx|es|Congreso de la Unión}}) is the legislative branch of [[Mexico|Mexican]] government.
*The [[Congress of Paraguay]] is the bicameral legislature of [[Paraguay]].
*The [[Argentine National Congress|Congress of the Argentine Nation]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la Nación Argentina'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Argentina]].
*The [[Congress of the Dominican Republic]] is the [[bicameral legislature]] of the [[Dominican Republic]].
*The [[Palau National Congress]] ([[Palauan language|Palauan]]: ''Olbiil era Kelulau'') is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[Republic of Palau]].
*The [[Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia]] is the unicameral legislature of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]].
*The [[Congress of the Philippines]] ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Kongreso ng Pilipinas'') is the legislative branch of the [[Philippines|Philippine]] government.
*The [[Congress of Peru|Congress of the Republic of Peru]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the unicameral legislature of [[Peru]].
*The [[Congress of Colombia]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the bicameral legislature of [[Colombia]].
*The [[National Congress of Bolivia]] was the national legislature of [[Bolivia]] before being replaced by the [[Plurinational Legislative Assembly]].
*The [[National Congress of Brazil]] ({{langx|pt|Congresso Nacional}}) is the bicameral legislature of Brazil.
*The [[National Congress of Chile]] (Spanish: ''Congreso Nacional'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Chile]].
*The [[National Congress of Ecuador]] was the unicameral legislature of [[Ecuador]] before being replaced by the [[National Assembly (Ecuador)|National Assembly]].
*France:
**The [[Congress of the French Parliament]] refers specifically to when both houses of France's legislature sit together as a single body, usually at the Palace of Versailles, to vote on revisions to the Constitution, to listen to an address by the President of the French Republic, and, in the past, to elect the President of the Republic
**The [[Congress of New Caledonia]] is the national legislature under the semi-presidential system of the autonomous [[sui generis collectivity | collectivity]].

====Non-presidential systems====
*[[Spanish Congress of Deputies]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de los Diputados'') is the lower house of the [[Cortes Generales]], Spain's legislative branch.
*The [[National Congress of Belgium]] was a temporary legislative assembly in 1830, which created a constitution for the [[Belgian Revolution|new state]].
*The legislature of the [[People's Republic of China]] is known in [[English language|English]] as the [[National People's Congress]].
*The [[Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union]] was the legislature and nominal supreme institution of state power in the [[Soviet Union]]. 
**[[Congress of People's Deputies of Russia]] was modeled after the Soviet Union's and existed in 1990–1993.
*The [[Congress of Cuba]] was the bicameral legislature of Cuba from 1902 to 1959.

===Parties===
Many political parties have a '''party congress''' every few years to make decisions for the party and elect governing bodies, while others call it a [[political convention|party convention]]. Congress is included in the name of several [[political parties]], especially those in former British colonies:
*[[India]]
**[[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=कांग्रेस पार्टी के अध्यक्ष पद के लिए चुनाव की तारीख की घोषणा कर दी गई है जाने चुनाव की तारीख|url=https://www.tnrnews.in/2021/05/blog-post_10.html|access-date=2021-09-10|website=TNR NEWS|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917045100/https://www.tnrnews.in/2021/05/blog-post_10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
**[[Kerala Congress]]
**[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
**[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]
**[[YSR Congress]]
**[[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh]]
**[[All India N.R. Congress]]
*[[Canary Islands]]
**[[National Congress of the Canaries]]
*[[Eswatini]]
**[[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]]
*[[Fiji]]
**[[National Congress of Fiji]]
*[[Guyana]]
**[[People's National Congress (Guyana)|People's National Congress]]

*[[Lesotho]]
**[[Basotho Congress Party]]
**[[Lesotho Congress for Democracy]]
**[[Lesotho People's Congress]]
*[[Malawi]]
**[[Malawi Congress Party]]
*[[Malaysia]]
**[[Malaysian Indian Congress]]
*[[Namibia]]
**[[Congress of Democrats]]
*[[Nepal]]
**[[Nepali Congress]]
*[[Pakistan]]
**[[Peoples Revolutionary Congress Pakistan]]
*[[Sierra Leone]]
**[[All People's Congress]]
*[[South Africa]]
**[[African National Congress]]
**[[Congress of the People (South African political party)|Congress of the People]]
**[[Pan-Africanist Congress]]
*[[Sri Lanka]]
**[[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]]
**[[Sri Lanka Muslim Congress]]
*[[Sudan]]
**[[National Congress (Sudan)]]
*[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
**[[United National Congress]]
*[[Uganda]]
**[[Ugandan People's Congress]]
*[[Iraqi National Congress]]

===Political organizations===
*[[National Congress of American Indians]]
*[[Congress of Racial Equality]]
*[[Continental Congress 2.0]]

==Labor congresses==
*[[Congress of Industrial Organizations]]
*[[Trade Union Congress of the Philippines]]
*[[Trades Union Congress]]
*[[Canadian Labour Congress]]

== Religious Congresses ==
*Catholic Congresses
*[[Eucharistic Congresses]]
* 1947 Marian Congress
* [[Subud]] Congress

==Non-political congresses==
'''Congress''' is an alternative name for a large national or international [[academic conference]]. For instance, the World Congress on Men's Health is an annual meeting on men's medical issues.

Organizations in some athletic sports, such as [[bowling]], have historically been named "congresses". The predecessors to the [[United States Bowling Congress]] (formed in 1995) were the American Bowling Congress (founded in 1895) and the Women's International Bowling Congress (founded in 1927).[[Image:Chess congress, Ormskirk.jpg|thumb|Chess congress]]
A c''hess congress'' is a [[chess]] tournament, in one city, where a large number of contestants gather to play competitive chess over a limited period of time; typically one day to one week, or more.

[[ICCA Congress & Exhibition]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
*[http://www.euagenda.eu/ European affairs events]
*[http://www.uia.be/sites/uia.be/db/db/x.php?dbcode=ca&go= International congress calendar]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041206194212/http://allcongress.com/ Medical Congresses Around the World]}}
*[https://www.satyajeettambe.com/ Congress Youth Leader]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Congress | volume= 6 |last=Phillips|first=Walter Alison |author-link=Walter Alison Phillips| pages = 937&ndash;938 |short= 1}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Legislatures]]
[[Category:Elections]]
[[Category:Meetings]]