Editing Conkeror

{{Short description|Mozilla-based web browser}}
{{distinguish|Konqueror|conqueror (disambiguation){{!}}conqueror}}
{{Infobox software
| logo = 
| screenshot = [[File:Conkeror web browser.png|frameless]]
| caption = Conkeror web browser running on Ubuntu Linux 10.04
| collapsible = 
| author = 
| developer = Shawn Betts, John J. Foerch, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard
| released = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| latest release version = 1.0.4<ref>[https://repo.or.cz/conkeror.git/commit/685f24e3aeffc408dcea883e1d0c738cb18bbe8d Release as 1.0.4]. Conkeror repository.</ref>
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2017|11|29}}
| latest preview version = 
| latest preview date = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| programming language = JavaScript
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| platform = [[XULRunner]]
| size = 
| language = 
| genre = [[Web browser]]
| license = [[GNU GPL]], [[GNU LGPL]] and [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]
| website = {{URL|http://conkeror.org/}}
}}
'''Conkeror''' is a [[Mozilla]]-based [[web browser]] designed to be navigated primarily by a [[computer keyboard]]. Its design is mainly patterned after the text editor [[GNU Emacs]], with some influence from other programs, including [[Vi (text editor)|vi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://conkeror.org/ |title=Conkeror home page |quote=Conkeror is a keyboard-oriented, highly-customizable, highly-extensible web browser based on Mozilla XULRunner, written mainly in JavaScript, and inspired by exceptional software such as Emacs and vi. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003123603/http://conkeror.org/ |archive-date=2016-10-03 }}</ref>

It was originally written by Shawn Betts, the primary author of keyboard-driven [[ratpoison]] and [[Stumpwm]] [[tiling window manager]]s. Formerly an [[Add-on (Mozilla)|extension]] for the [[Mozilla Firefox]] browser, it is now developed for [[XULRunner]] as a stand-alone application. Since Firefox 52 [[Extended-support release|ESR]] (September 2018), when the last official Mozilla browser that supported [[XULRunner]] reached [[End-of-life (product)|end-of-life]], there is no officially-supported browser from Mozilla for Conkeror to be based on.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conkeror.org/Alternatives|title=Alternatives|quote=Conkeror was originally written for Xulrunner, which was deprecated by Mozilla a couple of years ago. It has continued to work on Firefox until the release of Firefox 57 "Quantum", which disabled support for traditional extensions and also removed many APIs that conkeror currently requires. Firefox 52 ESR is still based on Gecko, but it reached end of life on September 5 2018, to be replaced by a Quantum-based release (60). That means there will be no more officially supported browser from Mozilla on which to run Conkeror. As modern web browsers have a large attack surface, this is bad if you have any concerns about security.}}</ref> Firefox [[Fork (software development)|forks]] like [[Pale Moon (web browser)|Pale Moon]] and [[Waterfox]] continue to bundle XULRunner and can be used to run Conkeror.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repo.or.cz/conkeror.git/commit/f8beca7f44e5a1ef5f4ec9cff666acc045ebae6c|title=Public Git Hosting - conkeror.git/commit|last=Beckert|first=Axel|date=2019-03-02|website=repo.or.cz|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref>

Conkeror is released under the same set of [[free software license]]s as Mozilla: the [[GNU General Public License]], the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]], and the [[Mozilla Public License]].

== Browsing ==
Conkeror emphasizes Emacs-derived [[Keyboard shortcut|key bindings]] and keyboard-based browser navigation.<ref name="OReilly" /> By pressing a key (<code>f</code>, for "follow", by default), Conkeror brings up a small, numbered label beside every element within the current view<ref name="SaltyCrane" /> on the page that [[Hyperlink|can be clicked]]. The user can type the number of the link and <code>ENTER</code> to follow the link,<ref name="KeySurf-2" /> or type the link name to narrow down the choices; when the part of the name already typed uniquely identifies a link, it becomes numbered one, highlighted green, and then hitting <code>Enter</code> will follow it.

Conkeror has a large number of standard key bindings, and more can be added. The following are some examples of default key bindings:<ref name="LinuxJournal-1" /> (key bindings are case sensitive<ref name="StrayNotes" />)
{| class="wikitable" | -
! Key binding
! Action
|-
| <code>g</code>
| search/go to URL
|-
| <code>f</code>
| follow link
|-
| <code>C-x k</code>
| kill current buffer
|-
| <code>C-h i</code>
| Conkeror User Manual
|-
| <code>C-h b</code>
| Complete list of key bindings
|-
| <code>C-s</code>
| search text forward<ref name="SaltyCrane" />
|}

Like Emacs, Conkeror makes use of buffers in order to allow multiple pages to remain open at the same time (similar to tabs in traditional browsers). Users can open new buffers and navigate through them using key bindings. For example, <code>C-u C-f</code> opens a hyperlink in a new buffer, <code>C-u C-g</code> goes to a URL or search term in a new buffer, and <code>C-u C-h i</code> opens the start page in a new buffer. Buffers can be cycled through using <code>M-n</code> to go to the next buffer or <code>M-p</code> to go to the previous one. <code>C-x b</code> displays a list of the currently open buffers from which the user can choose a buffer using the up and down arrows.<ref name="LinuxJournal-2" />

== Customization ==
The Conkeror browser can be customized in many ways using [[JavaScript]] as the scripting language, much in the way that [[Emacs]] uses [[Emacs Lisp]]. Customizations can be as simple as rebinding keys, but can also be more involved; for instance, writing new interactive commands. By default, Conkeror looks for these customizations in ''~/.conkerorrc''. If ''~/.conkerorrc/'' is a directory instead of a file, then all the contained files will be read, which is a technique to enable modularization of bigger customizations.

Conkeror also ships with a number of loadable JavaScript modules, some of which provide core functionality; others are user-loadable and provide additional functionality.<ref name="LinuxJournal-2" />

Conkeror has ''modes'' in which the key bindings, page display or browser behaviour become [[Uniform resource identifier|uri]]-specific.<ref name ="OReilly" /> Some modes, like [[xkcd]]-mode, come by default. In xkcd-mode, the message which is normally displayed when the user mouses over the [[comic strip]] is instead displayed in a special font below the strip. Other modes include those for [[Google Maps]], [[Reddit]] and [[YouTube]], and modes can be user-defined as well.<ref name="LinuxJournal-2" />

== Name ==
The name of the browser is pronounced identically to that of the [[Konqueror]] [[web browser]] from the [[KDE]] suite of desktop software, although according to the Conkeror FAQ, "the full name of the browser in spoken English is 'Conkeror (with a C){{'"}} to avoid confusion.

Also according to the FAQ, the name derives from the name given to the winner of a game of [[conkers]], a children's game involving [[Aesculus hippocastanum|horse chestnuts]] on a string, as well as from a brand of beer also called Conkeror.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software|Internet}}
* [[Vimperator]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist |30em|refs =
<ref name = "KeySurf-2">{{Harvnb | Spalteholz | Li | Hamidi | Livingston | 2008 | p = 2}}.</ref>
<ref name = "LinuxJournal-1">{{Harvnb | Harding | 2009 | p = [http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10387 1]}}.</ref>
<ref name = "LinuxJournal-2">{{Harvnb | Harding | 2009 | p = [http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/conkeror-web-browser-conquers-small-screens?page=0,1 2]}}.</ref>
<ref name = "OReilly">{{Cite web | url = http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2010/03/conkeror-the-best-web-browser.html | title = Conkeror: The Best Web Browser (For Emacs Users) | first = Eric | last = Larson | publisher = [[O'Reilly Media]] | date = 2010-03-31 | access-date = 2011-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name = "SaltyCrane">{{Cite web | url = http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2008/01/firefox-for-emacs-users/ | title = Conkeror: "Firefox for Emacs users" | work =SaltyCrane | type = Blog | date = 2009-04-01 | access-date = 2011-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name = "StrayNotes">{{Cite web | url = http://stray-notes.blogspot.com/2011/04/conkeror-keys.html | type = Blog | title = Conkeror Keys | publisher = Google | work =Stray Notes | date = April 2011 | access-date = 2011-07-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190715005323/http://stray-notes.blogspot.com/2011/04/conkeror-keys.html | archive-date = 2019-07-15 }}</ref>
<!--<ref name="EmacsFu">{{Cite web | type = Web log | url = http://emacs-fu.blogspot.com/2010/12/conkeror-web-browsing-emacs-way.html | title = Conkeror: Web browsing the Emacs way  | publisher = Google | [http://emacs-fu.blogspot.com/  Emacs‐fu] | date = 2010-12-01 | access-date = 2011-07-06}}</ref>-->
}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www2008.org/papers/pdf/p31-spalteholzA.pdf | title = KeySurf: A Character Controlled Browser for People with Physical Disabilities | access-date = December 4, 2008 | first1 = Leo | last1 = Spalteholz | first2 = Kin Fun | last2 = Li | first3 = Foad | last3 = Hamidi | first4 = Nigel | last4 = Livingston | date = 21–25 April 2008 | publisher = International World Wide Web Conference Committee (IW3C2) | location = Beijing, [[China|CN]] | pages = 9}}
* {{Citation | last = Harding | first = David A | title = The Conkeror Web Browser Conquers Small Screens | url = http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/10387 | journal = The Linux Journal | at = part 1 | publisher = Belltown | date = Jul 1, 2009 | access-date = 2011-06-30}}, parts [http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/conkeror-web-browser-conquers-small-screens?page=0,1 2] [http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/conkeror-web-browser-conquers-small-screens?page=0,2 3] & [http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/conkeror-web-browser-conquers-small-screens?page=0,3 4].
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{official website |http://conkeror.org}}
* [http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/Conkeror Conkeror at the Emacs Wiki]
* [http://babbagefiles.blogspot.com/2011/01/conkeror-browsing-web-emacs-style.html Conkeror – browsing the web, emacs-style] (with Conkeror customizations)

{{EmacsNavbox}}
{{gopher clients}}
{{Web browsers|desktop}}

[[Category:Emacs]]
[[Category:Gopher clients]]
[[Category:Free web browsers]]
[[Category:Discontinued web browsers]]
[[Category:Software that uses XUL]]