Editing Consolidated B-32 Dominator

{{Short description|American heavy bomber}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= B-32 Dominator
 |image= File:B32.jpg 
 |caption= Consolidated B-32-1-CF, the first B-32 built after modification to Block 20 standard.
 |type= Heavy [[strategic bomber]]
 |national_origin= United States
 |manufacturer= [[Consolidated Aircraft]]
 |first_flight= 7 September 1942
 |introduction= 27 January 1945
 |retired= 30 August 1945
 |status= 
 |primary_user= [[United States Army Air Forces]]
 |more_users=
 |produced= 1944–1945
 |number_built= 118
 |unit cost=
 |variants=
 |developed_from=[[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]
}}

The '''Consolidated B-32 Dominator''' ('''Consolidated Model 34''') was an American heavy [[strategic bomber]] built for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] during [[World War II]]. A B-32 was involved in the last air combat engagement of the war, resulting in the war's last American air combat death. It was developed by [[Consolidated Aircraft]] in parallel with the [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] as a fallback design should the B-29 prove unsuccessful.<ref name="Jones p. 106">Jones 1974, p. 106.</ref> The B-32 reached units in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific]] only in mid-May 1945, and subsequently saw only limited combat operations against Japanese targets before the end of the war on 2 September 1945. Most of the extant orders of the B-32 were canceled shortly thereafter and only 118 B-32 airframes of all types were built.

==Design and development==
The engineering development of the B-29 had been underway since mid-1938 when, in June 1940, the [[United States Army Air Corps]] requested a similar design from the Consolidated Aircraft Company in case of development difficulties with the B-29.

The Model 33 on which Consolidated based its proposal was similar to the [[B-24 Liberator]]. Like the B-24 it was originally designed with a [[twin tail]] and a large [[Davis wing]], but with a longer, rounder fuselage and a rounded nose. As can be seen in pictures, the B-32 also retained the B-24's tambour-panel "roller-type" bomb bay doors, which operated very much like the movable enclosure of a [[rolltop desk]], retracted into the fuselage. These types of doors created a minimum of aerodynamic drag to keep speed high over the target area; they also allowed the bomb bays to be opened while on the ground since the low ground clearance prevented the use of normal bomb bay doors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graff |first=Cory |date=August 18, 2021 |access-date=April 20, 2025 |title=The strange saga of the B-32 Dominator |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/b-32-dominator |website=www.nationalww2museum.org}}</ref> The powerplants were to be the same quartet of eighteen-cylinder, {{convert|2200|hp}} [[Wright R-3350|Wright Duplex-Cyclone]]s, as specified for B-29s. The aircraft was designed to be pressurized, and have remote-controlled retractable gun [[gun turret|turrets]] with fourteen {{convert|.50|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} machine guns. It was to have an estimated gross weight of {{convert|101000|lb|abbr=on}}. The first contract for two XB-32s was signed on 6 September 1940, the same day as the contract for the Boeing prototype XB-29.

The first XB-32-CO, AAF s/n 41-141, was constructed next to the Army Air Forces (AAF) Base [[Carswell Air Force Base#World War II|Tarrant Field Airdrome]] at the [[United States Air Force Plant 4|AAF Aircraft Plant No. 4]] just west of Fort Worth, Texas along the south side of Lake Worth. The [[Convair|Consolidated Vultee]] Bomber Plant assembly line was six months behind schedule, the aircraft making its first flight on 7 September 1942. Due to problems with the pressurization system, the gun turrets and landing gear doors, these items were omitted on the first prototype. The aircraft had R-3350-13 engines inboard and R-3350-21s outboard, with all four powerplants driving three-bladed propellers. The XB-32 had persistent problems with engine oil leaks and poor cooling, much like issues encountered during B-29 development. The inboard propellers' pitch could be reversed to shorten the landing roll or to roll back in ground maneuvers.<ref name="Jones p. 106"/>

The first XB-32 was armed with eight [[M2 Browning machine gun|{{convert|.50|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} machine guns]] in [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] and [[ventral]] turrets, and an odd combination of two .50 caliber and one {{convert|20|mm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} [[cannon]] in each outboard engine nacelle firing rearwards, plus two .50 caliber machine guns in the wings outboard of the propellers.<ref>Baugher, Joe [http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b32.html "Consolidated B-32 Dominator."] ''Consolidated B-32 Dominator: USAAF/USAF Bomber Aircraft-Third Series'', (Joe Baugher's Encyclopedia of American Aircraft), 12 September 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.</ref> The turrets were remotely controlled from periscopic sights in aiming stations inside the aircraft. The sights were coordinated by a sophisticated [[analog computer]] system developed by [[Sperry Gyroscope Company]]. 
[[File:XB-32.jpg|thumb|255px|XB-32-CO ''41-142'' on 28 February 1944]]
On 17 March 1943, the initial contract was signed for 300 B-32-CFs but development problems continued. On 10 May 1943, the first XB-32 crashed on takeoff after making a total of 30 flights before the second XB-32, s/n 41-142, finally flew on 2 July 1943. This aircraft had a traditional stepped cockpit canopy. Upon examination and testing, the USAAF recommended a large number of changes that included more conventional gun stations.

The pressurization system had problems which were never solved and so the role of the aircraft was changed to operating at low to medium altitude. This decision meant that the pressurization system was easily eliminated from production aircraft. Problems with the remote-controlled gun turrets were never solved and the armament on production aircraft was changed to 10 .50 caliber machine guns in manually operated turrets: Sperry A-17 turrets in the nose and tail, two Martin A-3F-A dorsal turrets, and one Sperry A-13-A ball turret. The bomb load was increased by {{convert|4000|lb}} to {{convert|20000|lb}}.

The second XB-32 continued to have stability problems. In an attempt to resolve this a B-29 style tail was fitted to the aircraft after its 25th flight but this did not resolve the problem and a Consolidated-designed {{convert|19.5|ft|abbr=on}} vertical tail was added and first flown on the third XB-32, s/n 41-18336 on 3 November 1943. The first production aircraft was fitted with a B-29 vertical tail until the new Consolidated tail was available for installation.

By 1944 testing of the three prototypes permitted the AAF to place orders for over 1,500 B-32s. The first production aircraft was delivered on 19 September 1944, by which time the B-29 was in combat in [[China]]. The first B-32 crashed on the same day it was delivered when the nose wheel collapsed on landing. Beginning on 27 January 1945, 40 B-32A-5, -10 and -15 aircraft were delivered as unarmed TB-32-CF crew trainers.

Originally, the Army Air Forces intended the B-32 as a "fallback" design to be used only if the B-29 program fell significantly behind in its development schedule. As development of the B-32 became seriously delayed this plan became unnecessary due to the success of the B-29. Initial plans to use the B-32 to supplement the B-29 in re-equipping B-17 and B-24 groups before redeployment of the [[Eighth Air Force|Eighth]] and [[Fifteenth Air Force]]s to the Pacific were stymied when only five production models had been delivered by the end of 1944, by which time B-29 operations were underway in the [[Twentieth Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

==Operational history==
The first assignment of the B-32 began when General [[George Kenney]], the commander of Allied air forces in the [[South West Pacific Area]] and commander of the U.S. [[Fifth Air Force]], traveled to [[Washington D.C.]] to request B-29s. Since priority had been given to [[strategic bombing]] by the B-29, Kenney's request was denied, after which he then requested the B-32.

Following a demonstration, the Army General Staff agreed that Kenney could conduct a combat evaluation, and a test schedule of 11 missions was set up, followed by a plan to re-equip two of the [[312th Aeronautical Systems Group|312th Bomb Group]]'s four [[Douglas A-20 Havoc]] squadrons with the B-32. Project crews took three B-32s to [[Clark Air Base|Clark Field]], Luzon, [[Philippine Islands]], in mid-May 1945 for a series of test flights completed on 17 June.

The three test B-32s were assigned to the 312th BG's [[386th Bombardment Squadron]]. On 29 May 1945, the first of four combat missions by the B-32 was flown against a supply depot at [[Luna, Isabela|Antatet]] in the [[Philippines]], followed by two B-32s dropping 16 {{convert|2000|lb|adj=on|abbr=on}} bombs on a [[sugar mill]] at Taito, [[Taiwan|Formosa]], on 15 June. On 22 June, a B-32 bombed an alcohol plant at Heito, Formosa, with {{convert|500|lb|adj=on|abbr=on}} bombs, but a second B-32 missed flak positions with its {{convert|260|lb|adj=on|abbr=on}} fragmentation bombs. The last mission was flown on 25 June against bridges near [[Keelung|Kiirun]] on Formosa.

The test crews were impressed with its unique reversible-pitch inboard propellers and the Davis wing, which gave it excellent landing performance. However, they found a number of faults: the cockpit was noisy and had a poor instrument layout, the bombardier's vision was limited, the aircraft was overweight, and the nacelle design resulted in frequent engine fires (a deficiency shared with the B-29 Superfortress). However, the testing missions were mostly successful.

In July 1945, the 386th Bomb Squadron completed its transition to the B-32, flying six more combat missions before the war ended. On 13 August, the 386th BS moved from Luzon to Yontan Airfield on [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] and flew mostly photographic [[reconnaissance]] missions. On 15 August, [[Victory over Japan Day|Japan surrendered]] (documents signed 2 September), and the 386th's missions were intended to monitor Japan's compliance with the ceasefire and to gather information such as possible routes occupation forces could take into Tokyo. On 17 August, the B-32s were intercepted by Japanese fighters. During the two-hour engagement, the Dominators suffered only minor damage and none of their crew was injured. "Though the B-32 gunners later claimed to have damaged one fighter and 'probably destroyed' two others, surviving Japanese records list no losses for that day or next."<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 69">Harding 2008, p. 69.</ref> Based on the Japanese action on 17 August, U.S. commanders felt that it was important to continue the reconnaissance missions over Tokyo so they could determine if it was an isolated incident or an indication that Japan would reject the ceasefire and continue fighting.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 69"/>

On 18 August 1945, four Dominators were given the task of photographing many of the targets covered on the previous day; however, mechanical problems caused two to be pulled from the flight.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 69"/> Over Japan, a formation of 14 [[A6M Zero]]s and three [[Kawanishi N1K|N1K2-J Shiden-Kai (George)]] fighters (apparently mis-identified as [[Nakajima Ki-44|Ki-44 Tojo]]s by the American crews<ref name="Sakai">[[Saburō Sakai|Sakai, Saburo]]. ''The Last of Zero Fighters (零戦uの最期)''(in Japanese). Bunkyo, Tokyo: Kodansya, 2003 (Paperback edition). {{ISBN|978-4-06-256806-7}}.</ref><ref name="j-aircraft.com">Takeuchi, Hiroyuki. [http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/stories/b32.html Saburo Sakai's Last Battle abstract description in English."] ''j-aircraft.com,'' 1995. Retrieved: 17 May 2012.</ref>) attacked the remaining two U.S. aircraft. [[Saburō Sakai]], a Japanese ace, said later that there was concern that the Dominators were attacking.<ref name="j-aircraft.com"/> Another Japanese ace, [[Sadamu Komachi]], stated in a 1978 Japanese magazine article that the fighter pilots could not bear to see American bombers flying serenely over a devastated Tokyo.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 70">Harding 2008, p. 70.</ref>

The B-32 Dominator ''Hobo Queen II'' (s/n 42-108532) was flying at {{convert|20000|ft|abbr=on}} when the Japanese fighters took off<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 70"/> and received no significant damage.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 71">Harding 2008, p. 71.</ref> ''Hobo Queen II'' [[Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II|claimed two Zeros destroyed in the action as well as a probable Shiden-Kai]] (though the Japanese lost no aircraft).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Last to Die |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/the-last-to-die-10099776/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> The other Dominator was flying {{convert|10000|ft|abbr=on}} below ''Hobo Queen II'' when the fighters took off.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 70"/> The fighters heavily damaged that Dominator, initially wounding the dorsal gunner and then seriously wounding two other members. Photographer Staff Sergeant Joseph Lacharite was wounded in the legs (his recovery spanned several years).<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 71"/> Sergeant Anthony Marchione, a photographer's assistant, helped Lacharite and then was fatally wounded himself.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 71">Harding 2008, p. 71.</ref>  Marchione was the last American to die in air combat in World War II.<ref name="Harding 2008, p. 71"/>  Despite the damage, the Dominator returned to Okinawa. However, the incident precipitated the removal of propellers from all Japanese fighters as per the terms of the ceasefire agreement, beginning 19 August 1945. The last B-32 combat photo reconnaissance mission was completed on 28 August, during which two B-32s were destroyed in separate accidents, with 15 of the 26 crewmen killed. On 30 August, the 386th Bomb Squadron stood down from operations.<ref name="Roblin">{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/m/49342fa1-17bd-3ba8-b4c2-570374491d43/ss_the-b-32-waged-america%E2%80%99s-last.html |title=The B-32 Waged America's Last Air Battle in World War II (After the War Ended) |work=[[The National Interest]] |date=10 February 2018 |last1=Roblin |first1=Sébastien |via=[[Yahoo.com]] |access-date=11 February 2018 |archive-date=11 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211190446/https://www.yahoo.com/news/m/49342fa1-17bd-3ba8-b4c2-570374491d43/ss_the-b-32-waged-america%E2%80%99s-last.html |url-status=dead }} <!-- blog is reuse of https://warisboring.com/the-dominator-was-the-b-29-bombers-bizarre-competitor/ --></ref>

Production contracts of the B-32 were cancelled on 8 September 1945, with production ceased by 12 October. Many B-32s ended up being salvaged at Walnut Ridge, Arkansas with a total of 38 flown to [[Kingman Army Airfield]] for disposal. {{citation needed span|The large club pip of the 386th is visible in a photo of one B-32 awaiting reclamation. Five of the Dominators taken to Kingman were from the 386th Bomb Squadron, 312th Bomb Group's overseas assignment.|date=October 2022}} Along with several other noteworthy aircraft on temporary display at Davis Monthan AFB after World War II, the last surviving Dominator, B-32-1-CF #42-108474, was written off and destroyed in 1949.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==Variants==
[[File:Consolidated TB-32 production line.jpg|thumb|275px|TB-32s being assembled at Consolidated's Fort Worth factory]]

;XB-32
:Company Designation Model 33, three built, on first aircraft: Wright R-3350-13 (inboard) and Wright R-3350-21 (outboard) engines, three-bladed propeller, rounded, glassed nose, first two aircraft had a twin tail configuration. Second prototype was pressurized and had remotely controlled retractable gun turrets in the dorsal ventral positions, with a manned tail "stinger". Second and third prototypes had numerous tail variations installed, including a B-29 tail installation. First flown 7 September 1942.

;B-32-1-CF
:Model 34 flight testing aircraft first flown 5 August 1944. Wright R-3350-23 engines. First two aircraft initially had modified B-29 tails installed. Installation of armament, single rudder tabs, radar bombing equipment (AN/APQ-5B and AN/APQ-13) and long range navigation equipment, 10 built.

;B-32-5-CF
:Twin rudder tabs made standard. Last 11 aircraft converted to TB-32-5CF with deletion of all armament (openings faired over), deletion of radar bombing equipment, and deletion of long range navigation equipment, 15 built.

;TB-32-10-CF
:Redesigned bombardier's entrance door, replacement of SCR-269-G Radio compass with AN/ARN-7 set, installation of engine fire extinguishers, 25 built.

;TB-32-15-CF
:Empennage de-icer boots, four built.

;B-32-20-CF
:Combat equipped aircraft. Pressurization system removed, scanning blister installed in rear fuselage, 21 built.

;B-32-21-CF
:One B-32-20-CF converted to paratroop conversion. All bombing equipment removed and benches installed in rear bomb bay and rear fuselage.

;B-32-25-CF
:Modified fuel system to allow auxiliary tanks in the bomb bay. AN/APN-9 LORAN, 25 built.

;B-32-30-CF
:Variant with a stabilized Sperry A-17A nose turret, installation of countermeasure equipment (AN/APQ-2, AN/APT-1 and AN/APT-2) and improved APQ-13A radar bombing equipment. Seven built, last three aircraft flown directly to storage and scrapped.

;B-32-35-CF
:Seven produced with increased ammunition; flown directly to storage and scrapped.

;B-32-40-CF
:A total of ten were built and flown directly to storage and then scrapped

;B-32-45/50-CF:
:A total of 37 under construction. Partially assembled machines were stripped of all their government-furnished equipment and engines and were scrapped on site by the contractor.

;B-32-1-CO
:Three aircraft the same as the B-32-20-CF but assembled by Consolidated – San Diego. One aircraft accepted with the remaining two units flown directly to storage and scrapped.

A total of 300 B-32s ordered, 118 delivered, 130 flyable, 170 cancelled, orders for a further 1,099 B-32-CFs and 499 B-32-COs were cancelled after VJ-Day.<ref>Andrade 1979, p. 51.</ref>

==Operators==
;{{flag|United States|1912}}
* [[United States Army Air Forces]]
** [[386th Bombardment Squadron]] (Heavy)
** [[312th Bombardment Group]]

==Surviving aircraft==
No examples of a B-32 remain today. The XB-32 (AAF Ser. No. 41-18336) survived until 1952 as a ground instructional airframe for fire fighting training at McClellan Air Force Base. Others were written off after suffering major damage in operational accidents. Excess inventories were flown either to [[Walnut Ridge Army Airfield]], Arkansas, to be scrapped by the Texas Railway Equipment Company, or to [[Kingman Army Airfield]], Arizona to be scrapped by the Wunderlich Construction Company.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

One of the few portions of a B-32 surviving is a wing panel removed from a static test model and erected at the [[Montgomery Memorial]] near [[San Diego, California]] as a monument to aviation pioneer [[John J. Montgomery]].<ref name="joe">Baugher, Joe. [http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_bombers/b32.html "B-32 Dominator,"] ''USAAC/USAAF/USAF Bomber Aircraft-Third Series,'' 12 July 2009. Retrieved: 29 October 2010.</ref>

Several Sperry A-17 nose/tail turrets, unique to the B-32, survive in various U.S. locations. These included the [[National Air and Space Museum]], the [[National Museum of the U.S. Air Force]], the [[Commemorative Air Force]], the [[National Warplane Museum]] in [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]], New York and at least four others in private collections.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

==Specifications (B-32)==
[[File:Consolidated B-32 Dominator 3-view line drawing.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Consolidated B-32 Dominator]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors<ref name="Wegg p93">Wegg 1990, p. 93.</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=10
|length ft=82
|length in=1
|length note=
|span ft=135
|span in=0
|span note=
|height ft=32
|height in=2
|height note=
|wing area sqft=1422
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight lb=60278
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=100800
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=123250
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-3350-23A Duplex-Cyclone]]
|eng1 type=18-cylinder air-cooled [[radial piston engine]]s
|eng1 hp=2200
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=constant-speed propellers
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=357
|max speed note=at {{cvt|30000|ft|0}}
|cruise speed mph=290
|cruise speed note=<ref name="B-32 fact">[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2535 "Fact Sheets:Consolidated B-32."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114192909/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2535 |date=14 November 2007 }} ''National Museum of the United States Air Force''. Retrieved: 29 October 2010.</ref>
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=3800
|range note=
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=30700
|ceiling note=<ref name="B-32 fact"/>
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ftmin=1050
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=10× [[.50 BMG|.50 in]] (12.7 mm) [[M2 Browning|M2 Browning machine guns]]
|bombs=20,000 lb (9,100 kg)

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Avro Lincoln]]
* [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]]
* [[Douglas XB-31]]
* [[Lockheed XB-30]]
* [[Martin XB-33 Super Marauder]]
* [[Messerschmitt Me 264]]
* [[Tupolev Tu-4]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
* [[List of bomber aircraft]]
}}

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist|30em}}

'''Bibliography'''
{{Refbegin}}
* Andrade, John M. ''U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909''. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. {{ISBN|0-904597-22-9}}.
* Bowman, Martin W. ''USAAF Handbook 1939–1945''. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8117-1822-0}}.
* Harding, Stephen. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/the-last-to-die-10099776/ "The Last to Die".] ''Air & Space'', Volume 23, no. 4, November 2008. 
* Harding, Stephen. "The Reluctant Dominator - Part One" ''Aeroplane Monthly'', Volume 17, no. 4, April 1989. 
* Harding, Stephen and James I. Long. ''Dominator: The Story of the Consolidated B-32 Bomber''. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1984. {{ISBN|0-933126-38-7}}.
* Jones, Lloyd S. ''U.S. Bombers: B-1 1928 to B-1 1980s''. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1974. {{ISBN|0-8168-9126-5}}. 
* Sinko, Benjamin A. ''Echoes of the Dominator: the Tales and the Men who flew the B-32''. Blaine, Minnesota: Up North Press, 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-615-15898-3}}.
* Wegg, John. ''General Dynamic Aircraft and their Predecessors''. London: Putnam, 1990. {{ISBN|0-85177-833-X}}.
* Wolf, William. ''Consolidated B-32 Dominator: The Ultimate Look, from Drawing Board to Scrapyard''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7643-2451-9}}.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Consolidated B-32 Dominator}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114192909/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2535 Fact Sheet on B-32 Dominator at the National Museum of the United States Air Force]
* [http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/PippinBill/6293.htm A photograph of the Consolidated 33 XB-32 Dominator ''41-141'' in flight]
* [http://www.justinmuseum.com/famjustin/Kossorbio.html Biography of Julie Kossor, 312th Bomb Group, B-32 ball gunner, with notes on his units time in the Dominator.]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfH2Id83lY4 Newsreel footage of B-32]
* [http://www.depot41.com/Kingman_B-32_Dominator.htm B-32 Dominator Relics]
* [https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/46316 Students notebook : airplane and engine mechanics course, B-24 and B-32] – [https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/ The Museum of Flight Digital Collections]
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[[Category:Consolidated aircraft|B-32]]
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