Editing Construction worker

{{Short description|Person employed in the construction industry}}
{{Infobox Occupation
| image              = 69 Fisk IRT work vests jeh.jpg
| caption            = Construction workers wearing reflective vests, hard hats, and other protective clothing at a work site in [[New York City]]. 
| official_names     = 
| type               = 
| activity_sector    = [[Construction]]
| competencies       = 
| formation          = 
| employment_field   = Construction sites
| related_occupation = [[Laborer]]
| average_salary     = 
}}

A '''construction worker''' is a person employed in the physical [[construction]] of the [[built environment]] and its [[infrastructure]]. 
[[File:Construction Workers in Punta Cana.jpg|thumb|Construction Workers in [[Punta Cana]], [[Dominican Republic]]]]

==Definitions==
By some definitions, construction workers may be engaged in [[manual labour]] as unskilled or semi-skilled workers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction worker definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/construction-worker |access-date=2018-06-09 |website=Collins English Dictionary |language=en}}</ref> These workers begin by attending to general tasks such as digging, cleaning, and unloading equipment. As they gain more experience, they start to specialize in particular areas - for example, roofing, pipefitting, structural work, or carpentry. Over time, some opt to receive certification and undergo formal training to achieve qualifications and promotion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Construction Worker Overview |url=https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/construction-worker |work=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> In other words, they may be skilled tradespeople, or they may be supervisory or managerial personnel.

United Kingdom safety legislation has defined construction workers as people "who work for or under the control of a contractor on a construction site."<ref name="CDMRegs">{{cite web |title=Are you a construction worker? Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) - What you need to know |url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/areyou/worker.htm |website=Health and Safety Executive |publisher=HSE |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> In Canada, this can include people whose work includes ensuring conformance with building codes and regulations and those who supervise other workers.<ref name="CCOHS">{{cite web |title=Construction Worker - General |url=https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/occup_workplace/construction_worker.html |website=Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety |publisher=CCOHS |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>

=== Demographics ===
Most construction workers are primarily described by the specific level and type of work they perform. [[Laborers]] comprise a large grouping in most national construction industries. In the United States, for example, in May 2023, construction sector businesses employed just over 7.9 million people, of whom 859,000 were laborers, while 3.7 million were construction trades workers (including 603,000 [[carpentry|carpenters]], 559,000 [[electrician]]s, 385,000 [[plumber]]s, and 321,000 equipment operators).<ref name="USBLS-tables">{{cite web |title=May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Sector 23 - Construction |url=https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics2_23.htm#43-0000 |website=US Bureau of Labor Statistics |publisher=United States Department of Labor |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> Like most business sectors, there is also substantial [[white-collar worker|white-collar]] employment in construction - out of 7.9 million US construction business workers, 681,000 were recorded by the [[United States Department of Labor]] in May 2023 as in 'office and administrative support occupations', 620,000 in 'management occupations' and 480,000 in 'business and financial operations occupations'.<ref name="USBLS-tables"/>

In 2023, the United States reported that, of the total number of construction workers, 27.7% of workers were Hispanic and around 6.2% were women.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training |title=Hispanic Employment Dashboard |work=Data Dashboard |url=https://www.cpwr.com/research/data-center/data-dashboards/hispanic-employment-dashboard/ |access-date=2023-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training |title=Women in Construction |work=Data Dashboard |url=https://www.cpwr.com/research/data-center/data-dashboards/women-in-construction/ |access-date=2023-04-14}}</ref> In some economies, there is also substantial self-employment; in the United Kingdom for example, 1.4 million out of 2.25 million construction workers were classified as self-employed in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2024 |title=Construction statistics, Great Britain: 2023 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/constructionindustry/articles/constructionstatistics/2023 |access-date=3 January 2025 |work=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> In the US in 2015, unincorporated self-employment rates were highest for workers in construction and extraction occupations (14.8 percent).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hipple |first1=Steven F |last2=Hammond |first2=Laurel A |title=Self-Employment In The United States |date=March 2016 |publisher=US Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11 |url=https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2016/self-employment-in-the-united-states/pdf/self-employment-in-the-united-states.pdf |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>

Construction workers can [[colloquialism|colloquially]] be referred to as "hard hat workers" or "hard hats",<ref>{{cite web |title=hardhat |url=http://www.wordnik.com/words/hardhat |work=Wordnik.com}}</ref> as they often wear [[hard hat]]s for safety while working on construction sites.

== Safety ==
{{main|Construction site safety}}
The construction industry is a high-hazard sector, encompassing alteration and repair. Workers are exposed to various serious hazards, such as falling debris, unguarded [[machinery]], [[heavy equipment]], [[electrocution]]s, [[silica dust]], and [[asbestos]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction Industry |url=https://www.osha.gov/construction |website=U.S. Department of Labor}}</ref> Thus, construction safety is intended to ensure a safe environment for workers, who are required to be educated on safety at each site.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Tool to Design for Construction Worker Safety|journal = Journal of Architectural Engineering|date = 1997-01-01|issn = 1076-0431|pages = 32–41|volume = 3|issue = 1|doi = 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(1997)3:1(32)|last1 = Gambatese|first1 = John A.|last2 = Hinze|first2 = Jimmie W.|last3 = Haas|first3 = Carl T.}}</ref> Construction workers must remain vigilant by keeping work areas clear, learning safe lifting techniques, being aware of seasonal hazards, and regularly inspecting all equipment, among other preventive measures.<ref name="CCOHS" />

All companies in the United States require workers to have an OSHA ([[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]]) certification to ensure safety on the worksite. In many cases, OSHA inspectors visit worksites to ensure that all safety protocols are in place to protect workers. Employers are also required by law to have an OSHA job safety poster.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2024 |title=Job Safety and Health: It's the Law Workplace Poster |url=https://www.osha.gov/publications/poster }}</ref>

Publications have been issued by authorities to train construction workers on safe working, e.g., when using [[power tool]]s.<ref name="j374">{{cite web | url=https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/D/ConstrutionSite.pdf | title=Safety Handbook for Construction Site Workers | access-date=14 Apr 2025}}</ref> In some places such as Hong Kong it is an offence if the use of power tools (such as [[drill]]s) produces excessive dust or noise and causes [[pollution]].<ref name=2018hk01>{{cite web | title=香港逸東酒店裝修工程散發塵埃及噪音滋擾　承辦商被罰4萬元 | website=香港01 | date=11 Oct 2018 | url= https://www.hk01.com/article/245944 | language=zh-hant | trans-title=Eaton Hotel renovation project in Hong Kong generates dust and noise, contractor fined HK$40,000 | access-date=14 Apr 2025}}</ref>

In India, the Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996 regulates the employment and conditions of service of building and other construction workers and provides for safety, health and welfare measures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE BUILDING AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKERS {{!}} Chief Labour Commissioner |url=https://clc.gov.in/clc/acts-rules/building-and-other-construction-workers |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=clc.gov.in}}</ref>

==Examples of poor pay and working conditions for migrant workers==
In 2008, a [[Human Rights Watch]] report described unsafe and unfair working conditions in China and a failure on the part of the government to enforce labor standards in the construction industry.<ref name="hrw">{{cite tech report |editor-first=Sophie |editor-last=Richardson |title=One Year of My Blood: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in Beijing |institution=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=12 March 2008 |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/03/11/one-year-my-blood-0 |access-date=12 February 2013}}</ref> The [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) estimated that, at the end of 2006, 90% of the 40 million construction workers in China were [[migrant worker]]s. Many turned to work after their farming communities collapsed into poverty.<ref name="hrw"/>

In the United States, [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigrant]] labor is prevalent in the industry. Due to workers' questionable legal status, some employers commit crimes such as [[wage theft]] and violation of workplace standards, running little risk of consequences.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/04/10/176677299/construction-booming-in-texas-but-many-workers-pay-dearly|title=Construction Booming In Texas, But Many Workers Pay Dearly|work=National Public Radio (NPR) |year=2013}}</ref> Similar abuse occurred in [[Qatar]] during preparations for the [[Human rights issues involving the 2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 FIFA World Cup]] where workers, mostly from poor countries in the Indian subcontinent, worked in desert conditions for as little as €6.20 a day.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/qatar-construction-workers-earn-55c-an-hour-1.1881868 |title=Qatar construction workers earn 55c an hour|work=[[Irish Times]]|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Civil engineering]]
*[[Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning]]
*[[Foreign worker]]
*[[Index of construction articles]]
*[[List of topics on working time and conditions]]
*[[Outline of construction]]
*[[Construction site safety]]
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Construction workers}}

{{Construction overview|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Construction Worker}}
[[Category:Construction and extraction occupations|Worker]]
[[Category:Occupational safety and health]]