Editing Contemporary art

{{short description|Art of the present time}}
{{about|art produced from the 1940s to the present|art produced from the 1860s to the 1970s|modern art}}
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{{History of art sidebar}}
'''Contemporary art''' is a term used to describe the [[art]] of today, generally referring to art produced from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a [[globally influenced]], [[culturally diverse]], and technologically advancing world. Their art is a dynamic combination of [[Medium (arts)|materials]], methods, concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that was already well underway in the 20th century. Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organising principle, ideology, or "[[-ism]]". Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality.

In English, ''modern'' and ''contemporary'' are [[synonym]]s, resulting in some conflation and confusion of the terms ''[[modern art]]'' and ''contemporary art'' by non-specialists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/art/education/definitions |title=NYU Steinhardt, Department of Art and Arts Professions, New York |access-date=2017-02-26 |archive-date=2017-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226213349/http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/art/education/definitions |url-status=live }}</ref> Some specialists also consider that the frontier between the two is blurry; for instance, the French [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]] does not differentiate them in its [[Collections management|collections]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Millet |first=Catherine |title=L'art contemporain |date=1997 |publisher=Flammarion |isbn=978-2-08-035441-9 |series=Dominos |location=Paris |language=fr |chapter=Le monde de l'art, « Naissance de l'art contemporain »}}</ref>

==Scope==
The classification of "contemporary art" as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase, goes back to the beginnings of [[Modernism]] in the English-speaking world. In [[London]], the [[Contemporary Art Society]] was founded in 1910 by the critic [[Roger Fry]] and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in public museums.<ref>[[Roger Fry|Fry Roger]], Ed. Craufurd D. Goodwin, ''Art and the Market: Roger Fry on Commerce in Art'', 1999, University of Michigan Press, {{ISBN|0472109022}}, 9780472109029, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zb8hTlHZOb0C&pg=PA57 google books]</ref> A number of other institutions using the term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938 the [[Contemporary Art Centre of South Australia|Contemporary Art Society]] of [[Adelaide]], [[Australia]],<ref>Also the Contemporary Arts Society of [[Montreal]], 1939–1948</ref> and an increasing number after 1945.<ref>Smith, 257–258</ref> Many, like the [[Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston]] changed their names from ones using "modern art" in this period, as Modernism became defined as a historical [[art movement]], and much "modern" art ceased to be "contemporary". The definition of what is contemporary is naturally always on the move, anchored in the present with a start date that moves forward, and the works the Contemporary Art Society bought in 1910 could no longer be described as contemporary.{{cn|reason=statement needs to be sourced for verification per WP:V|date=June 2024}}

Particular points that have been seen as marking a change in art styles include the end of World War II and the 1960s. There has perhaps been a lack of natural break points since the 1960s, and definitions of what constitutes "contemporary art" in the 2010s vary, and are mostly imprecise. Art from the past 20 years is very likely to be included, and definitions often include art going back to about 1970;<ref>Some definitions: "Art21 defines contemporary art as the work of artists who are living in the twenty-first century." [http://www.art21.org/teach/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context Art21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420091351/http://www.art21.org/teach/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context |date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> "the art of the late 20th and early 21st century";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/contemporary+art|title=Contemporary art - Define Contemporary art at Dictionary.com|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2013-04-25|archive-date=2015-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922070337/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/contemporary+art|url-status=live}}</ref> "both an outgrowth and a rejection of modern art";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/cntmpryart|title=Yahoo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720124418/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/cntmpryart|archive-date=2013-07-20}}</ref> "Strictly speaking, the term 'contemporary art' refers to art made and produced by artists living today";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/contemporary_art/background1.html|title=About Contemporary Art (Education at the Getty)|access-date=2013-04-25|archive-date=2016-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809000143/http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/contemporary_art/background1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "Art from the 1960s or [19]70s up until this very minute";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm|title=What is Contemporary Art?|author=Shelley Esaak|website=About.com Education|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-date=2013-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414083035/http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and sometimes further, especially in museum contexts, as museums which form a permanent collection of contemporary art inevitably find this aging. Many use the formulation "Modern and Contemporary Art", which avoids this problem.<ref>Examples of specializing museums include the [[Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art]] and [[Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto]]. The ''Oxford Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art'' is one of many book titles to use the phrase.</ref> Smaller commercial galleries, magazines and other sources may use stricter definitions, perhaps restricting the "contemporary" to work from 2000 onwards. Artists who are still productive after a long career, and ongoing [[art movement]]s, may present a particular issue; galleries and critics are often reluctant to divide their work between the contemporary and non-contemporary.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Sociologist Nathalie Heinich draws a distinction between modern and contemporary art, describing them as two different paradigms which partially overlap historically. She found that while "[[modern art]]" challenges the conventions of [[Representation (arts)|representation]], "contemporary art" challenges the very notion of an [[artwork]].<ref>Heinich, Nathalie, Ed. Gallimard, ''Le paradigme de l'art contemporain : Structures d'une révolution artistique '', 2014, {{ISBN|2070139239}}, 9782070139231, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQICgAAQBAJ google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403012218/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQICgAAQBAJ |date=2023-04-03 }}</ref> She regards [[Marcel Duchamp|Duchamp]]'s ''[[Marcel Duchamp's Fountain|Fountain]]'' (which was made in the 1910s in the midst of the triumph of modern art) as the starting point of contemporary art, which gained momentum after [[World War II]] with [[Gutai group|Gutai]]'s performances, [[Yves Klein]]'s monochromes and [[Robert Rauschenberg|Rauschenberg]]'s ''[[Erased de Kooning Drawing]]''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhclwyYYbtY Nathalie Heinich lecture "Contemporary art: an artistic revolution ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910230140/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhclwyYYbtY&gl=US&hl=en |date=2019-09-10 }} at 'Agora des savoirs' 21st edition, 6 May 2015.</ref>

==Themes==
[[File:Irbid-Jordan-Nida Alhamzeh-029.jpg|alt=Irbid, Jordan, "We are Arabs. We are Humans"|thumb|Irbid, Jordan, "We are Arabs. We are Humans". [[Inside Out Project|Inside Out]] is a global participatory art project, initiated by the French photographer [[JR (artist)|JR]], an example of [[Street art]].]]
Contemporary artwork is characterised by diversity: diversity of material, of form, of subject matter, and even time periods. It is "distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or - ism"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.art21.org/learn/tools-for-teaching/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context |title=Contemporary Art in Context. (2016). Retrieved December 11, 2016 |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221093535/http://www.art21.org/learn/tools-for-teaching/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context |url-status=live }}</ref> that is seen in many other art periods and movements. Contemporary art does not have one, single objective or point of view, so it can be contradictory and open-ended. There are nonetheless several common themes that have appeared in contemporary works, such as [[identity politics]], the body, [[globalization]] and migration, [[technology]], contemporary society and culture, time and memory, and institutional and political critique.<ref>Robertson, J., & McDaniel, C. (2012). ''Themes of Contemporary Art: Visual Art after 1980'' (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>

==Institutions==
[[File:MOCA North Miami.jpg|thumb|The [[Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami|Museum of Contemporary Art]] in [[Miami, Florida]]]]
[[File:Kiasma against pink sky, 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Kiasma]], a contemporary art museum in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]]]

The functioning of the art world is dependent on art institutions, ranging from major museums to private galleries, non-profit spaces, art schools and publishers, and the practices of individual artists, curators, writers, collectors, and philanthropists. A major division in the art world is between the for-profit and non-profit sectors, although in recent years the boundaries between for-profit private and non-profit public institutions have become increasingly blurred.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} Most well-known contemporary art is exhibited by professional artists at commercial [[Contemporary art gallery|contemporary art galleries]], by private collectors, [[Art auction|art auctions]], corporations, publicly funded arts organizations, [[contemporary art museums]] or by artists themselves in [[artist-run space]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/art-language-philippe-meaille-french-chateau-310458|title=Largest Art & Language Collection Finds Home - artnet News|date=2015-06-23|work=artnet News|access-date=2018-09-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728155433/https://news.artnet.com/market/art-language-philippe-meaille-french-chateau-310458|url-status=live}}</ref> Contemporary artists are supported by grants, awards, and prizes as well as by direct sales of their work. Career artists train at [[art school]] or emerge from other fields.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

There are close relationships between publicly funded contemporary art organizations and the commercial sector. For instance, in 2005 the book ''Understanding International Art Markets and Management'' reported that in Britain a handful of dealers represented the artists featured in leading publicly funded contemporary art museums.<ref>Derrick Chong in Iain Robertson, ''Understanding International Art Markets And Management'', Routledge, 2005, p95. {{ISBN|0-415-33956-1}}</ref> Commercial organizations include galleries and art fairs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/with-commercial-galleries-an-endangered-species-are-art-fairs-a-necessary-evil-116680|title=With commercial galleries an endangered species, are art fairs a necessary evil?|last=Grishin|first=Sasha|website=The Conversation|date=14 May 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-date=2019-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205102258/http://theconversation.com/with-commercial-galleries-an-endangered-species-are-art-fairs-a-necessary-evil-116680|url-status=live}}</ref>

Corporations have also integrated themselves into the contemporary [[art world]], exhibiting contemporary art within their premises, organizing and sponsoring contemporary art awards, and building up extensive corporate collections.<ref>Chin-Tao Wu, ''Privatising Culture: Corporate Art Intervention Since the 1980s'', Verso, 2002, p14. {{ISBN|1-85984-472-3}}</ref> Corporate advertisers frequently use the prestige associated with contemporary art and [[coolhunting]] to draw the attention of consumers to [[luxury goods]].<ref>Jasmin Mosielski, ''Coolhunting: Evaluating the Capacity for Agency and Resistance in the Consumption of Mass Produced Culturally-Relevant Goods'' (Ph.D. diss., Carleton Univ., 2012); and Peter Andreas Gloor and Scott M. Cooper, ''Coolhunting: Chasing Down the Next Big Thing'' (NYC: AMACOM, 2007), 168-70. {{ISBN|0814400655}}</ref>

The institutions of art have been criticized for regulating what is designated as contemporary art. [[Outsider art]], for instance, is literally contemporary art, in that it is produced in the present day. However, one critic has argued it is not considered so because the artists are self-taught and are thus assumed to be working outside of an art historical context.<ref>Gary Alan Fine, ''Everyday Genius: Self-Taught Art and the Culture of Authenticity'', University of Chicago Press, 2004, pp42-43. {{ISBN|0-226-24950-6}}</ref> Craft activities, such as textile design, are also excluded from the realm of contemporary art, despite large audiences for exhibitions.<ref>Peter Dormer, ''The Culture of Craft: Status and Future'', Manchester University Press, 1996, p175. {{ISBN|0-7190-4618-1}}</ref> Art critic Peter Timms has said that attention is drawn to the way that craft objects must subscribe to particular values in order to be admitted to the realm of contemporary art. "A ceramic object that is intended as a subversive comment on the nature of beauty is more likely to fit the definition of contemporary art than one that is simply beautiful."<ref>Peter Timms, ''What's Wrong with Contemporary Art?'', UNSW Press, 2004, p17. {{ISBN|0-86840-407-1}}</ref>

==Public attitudes==
Contemporary art can sometimes seem at odds with a public that does not feel that art and its institutions share its values.<ref>[[Mary Jane Jacob]] and [[Michael Brenson]], ''Conversations at the Castle: Changing Audiences and Contemporary Art'', MIT Press, 1998, p30. {{ISBN|0-262-10072-X}}</ref> In Britain, in the 1990s, contemporary art became a part of popular culture, with artists becoming stars, but this did not lead to a hoped-for "cultural utopia".<ref>Julian Stallabrass, ''High Art Lite: British Art in the 1990s'', Verso, 1999, pp1-2. {{ISBN|1-85984-721-8}}</ref> Some critics like [[Julian Spalding]] and [[Donald Kuspit]] have suggested that skepticism, even rejection, is a legitimate and reasonable response to much contemporary art.<ref>Spalding, Julian, ''The Eclipse of Art: Tackling the Crisis in Art Today'', Prestel Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|3-7913-2881-6}}</ref> Brian Ashbee in an essay called "Art Bollocks" criticizes "much installation art, photography, [[conceptual art]], video and other practices generally called post-modern" as being too dependent on verbal explanations in the form of theoretical discourse.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ipod.org.uk/reality/art_bollocks.asp |title=Art Bollocks |publisher=Ipod.org.uk |date=1990-05-05 |access-date=2011-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210004/http://www.ipod.org.uk/reality/art_bollocks.asp |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the acceptance of nontraditional art in museums has increased due to changing perspectives on what constitutes an art piece.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/|title=What is Art? {{!}} Boundless Art History|website=courses.lumenlearning.com|access-date=2018-05-04|archive-date=2018-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065907/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Concerns==
{{Main|Classificatory disputes about art}}
A common concern since the early part of the 20th century has been the question of what constitutes art. In the contemporary period (1970 to now), the concept of [[avant-garde]]<ref>Fred Orton & [[Griselda Pollock]], ''Avant-Gardes and Partisans Reviewed''. Manchester University, 1996. {{ISBN|0-7190-4399-9}}</ref> may come into play in determining what artworks are noticed by galleries, museums, and collectors.

The concerns of contemporary art come in for criticism too. [[Andrea Rosen Gallery|Andrea Rosen]] has said that some contemporary painters "have absolutely no idea of what it means to be a contemporary artist" and that they "are in it for all the wrong reasons."<ref name="NYT00">Haas, Nancy (2000-03-05), "Stirring Up the Art World Again". ''The New York Times'', [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E4DB1638F936A35750C0A9669C8B63&fta=y].</ref>

==Prizes==
Some competitions, awards, and prizes in contemporary art are:

* The Golden and Silver Lions of the [[Venice Biennale]]
* Emerging Artist Award awarded by [[The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum]]
* [[Factor Prize in Southern Art]]
* [[Hugo Boss Prize]] awarded by the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]
* [[John Moore's Painting Prize]]
* [[Kandinsky Prize]] for Russian artists under 30
* [[Marcel Duchamp Prize]] awarded by ADIAF and [[Centre Pompidou]]
* [[Ricard Prize]] for a French artist under 40
* [[Turner Prize]] for British artists
* The [[Bucksbaum Award]] of the [[Whitney Biennial]]
* [[Vincent Award]], The [[Vincent van Gogh]] Biennial Award for Contemporary Art in Europe
* The Winifred Shantz Award for Ceramists, awarded by the [[Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery]]
* Asia Pacific Breweries Foundation Signature Art Prize<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.singaporeartmuseum.sg/signatureartprize|title=Signature Art Prize - Home|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106194843/http://www.singaporeartmuseum.sg/signatureartprize/|archive-date=2014-11-06}}</ref>
* [[Jindřich Chalupecký Award]] for Czech artists under 35<ref>[http://www.jchalupecky.cz/home_en.html Jindřich Chalupecký Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184533/http://www.jchalupecky.cz/home_en.html |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>

==History==
This table lists art movements and styles by decade. It should not be assumed to be conclusive.
{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%; border:0 solid #e5ffec; background:#=#e5ffec;"
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===1950s===
* [[Abstract Expressionism]]
* [[American Figurative Expressionism]]
* [[American scene painting]]
* [[Antipodeans]]
* [[Bay Area Figurative Movement]]
* [[British Constructivists]]
* [[Brutalism]]
* [[COBRA (avant-garde movement)]]
* [[Color Field]]
* [[Generación de la Ruptura]]
* [[Groupe Espace]]
* [[Gutai group]]
* [[Lenticular printing|Lenticular prints]]
* [[Les Plasticiens]]
* [[Lyrical Abstraction]] (Abstract lyrique)
* [[Balinese Painting|Modern traditional Balinese painting]]
* [[New York Figurative Expressionism]]
* [[New York School (art)|New York School]]
* [[Serial art]]
* [[Situationist International]]
* [[Soviet Nonconformist Art]]
* [[Red Shirt School of Photography]]
* [[Tachisme]]
* [[Vienna School of Fantastic Realism]]
* [[Washington Color School]]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:16%;"|

===1960s===
* [[Abstract expressionism]]
* [[Abstract Imagists]]
* [[American Figurative Expressionism]]
* [[Art & Language]]
* [[Bay Area Figurative Movement]]
* [[BMPT (art group)|BMPT]]
* [[Chicago Imagists]]
* [[Chicano art movement]]
* [[Color field]]
* [[Computer art]]
* [[Conceptual art]]
* [[Fluxus]]
* [[Happening]]s
* [[Hard-edge painting]]
* [[Lenticular printing|Lenticular prints]]
* [[Kinetic art]]
* [[Light and Space]]
* [[Lyrical Abstraction]] (American version)
* [[Minimalism]]
* [[Mono-ha]]
* [[Neo-Dada]]
* [[New York School (art)|New York School]]
* [[Nouveau Réalisme]]
* [[Op Art]]
* [[Performance art]]
* [[Plop Art]]
* [[Pop Art]]
* [[Postminimalism]]
* [[Post-painterly Abstraction]]
* [[Psychedelic art]]
* [[Retro art]]
* [[Soft sculpture]]
* [[Street art]]
* [[Sustainable art]]
* [[Systems art]]
* [[Systems Group]]
* [[Video art]]
* [[Zero (art)|Zero]]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:16%;"|

===1970s===
* [[Arte Povera]]
* [[Ascii Art]]
* [[Bad Painting]]
* [[Body art]]
* [[Artist's book]]
* [[COUM Transmissions]]
* [[Environmental art]]
* [[Feminist art]]
* [[Froissage]]
* [[Holography]]
* [[Installation art]]
* [[Land art]]
* [[Lowbrow (art movement)]]
* [[Mail art]]
* [[Papunya Tula]]
* [[Photorealism]]
* [[Postminimalism]]
* [[Process Art]]
* [[Robotic art]]
* [[Haitian art|Saint Soleil School]]
* [[Video art]]
* [[Funk art]]
* [[Pattern and Decoration]]
* [[Warli|Warli painting revival]]
* Wildstyle
| style="vertical-align:top; width:16%;"|

===1980s===
* [[NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt]]
* [[Appropriation art]]
* [[Chinese Apartment Art]]
* [[Culture jamming]]
* [[Demoscene]]
* [[Electronic art]]
* [[Figuration Libre]]
* [[Fractal art]]
* [[Graffiti Art]]
* [[Late modernism]]
* [[Live Art (art form)|Live art]]
* [[Neue Slowenische Kunst]]
* [[Postmodern art]]
* [[Neo-conceptual art]]
* [[Neo-expressionism]]
* [[Neo-pop]]
* [[Sound art]]
* [[Street art]]
* [[Transavantgarde]]
* [[Transgressive art]]
* [[Vancouver School]]
* [[Video installation]]
* [[Institutional Critique]]
* [[Contemporary Indigenous Australian art|Western and Central Desert art]]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:16%;"|

===1990s===
* [[Art intervention]]
* [[Bio art]]
* [[Cyberarts]]
* [[Cynical Realism]]
* [[Digital art]]
* [[Hyperrealism]]
* [[Information art]]
* [[Internet art]]
* [[Massurrealism]]
* [[Maximalism]]
* [[New Leipzig School]]
* [[New media art]]
* [[New European Painting]]
* [[Relational art]]
* [[Software art]]
* [[Toyism]]
* [[Tactical media]]
* [[Taring Padi]]
* [[Verdadism]]
* [[Contemporary Indigenous Australian art|Western and Central Desert art]]
* [[Young British Artists]]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:16%;"|

===2000s===
* [[Altermodern]]
* [[Classical Realism]]
* [[Excessivism]]
* [[Kitsch movement]]
* [[Post-contemporary]]
* [[Metamodernism]]
* [[Pseudorealism]]
* [[Remodernism]]
* [[Renewable energy sculpture]]
* [[Stuckism]]
* [[Superflat]]
* [[Superstroke]]
* [[Urban art]]
* [[Videogame art]]
* [[VJ (video performance artist)|VJ art]]
* [[Virtual art]]
* [[Walking art|Walking Art]]

===2010s===
* [[Postinternet]]
* [[Vaporwave]]
* [[:fr: Art Résilience|Art Résilience]]
* [[Corporate Memphis]]

=== 2020s ===

* [[Generative art]]

|}

==See also==
{{div col}}
* [[Acculturation]]
* [[Anti-art]] and [[Anti-anti-art]]
* ''[[Art:21 - Art in the 21st Century]]'' (2001-2016), a PBS series
* [[Criticism of postmodernism]]
* [[Classificatory disputes about art]]
* [[List of contemporary art museums]]
* [[List of contemporary artists]]
* [[Medium specificity]]
* [[Reductive art]]
* [[Value theory]]
* [[Visual arts]]
* [[Word art]]
* [[New media art]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite book |author-link=Terry Smith (art historian) |last1=Smith |first1=Terry |title=What Is Contemporary Art? |year=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226764313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQeqAAAAQBAJ |location=Chicago |access-date=26 April 2013}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Richard Meyer (academic)|last1=Meyer|first1=Richard|title=What Was Contemporary Art?|date=2013|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0262135085|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VhGK5-ZLHvEC |access-date=26 October 2014}}

==Further reading==
* Cole, Ina, ''From the Sculptor’s Studio: Conversations with Twenty Seminal Artists'' (London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2021) {{ISBN|9781913947590}} {{OCLC|1420954826}}.
* Altshuler, Bruce (2013). ''Biennials and Beyond: Exhibitions that Made Art History: 1962-2002''. New York, N.Y.: Phaidon Press, {{ISBN|978-0714864952}}
* {{cite book|last1=Atkins|first1=Robert|title=Artspeak: A Guide To Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1945 To the Present|date=2013|publisher=Abbeville Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0789211514|edition=3rd.}}
* [[Arthur Danto|Danto, Arthur C.]] (2013). ''[[iarchive:whatartis0000dant a5q0|What Art Is]]''. New Haven: Yale University Press, {{ISBN|978-0300205718}}
* Desai, Vishakha N., ed. (2007). ''Asian Art History in the Twenty-first Century''. Williamstown, Mass.: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, {{ISBN|978-0300125535}}
* Esplund, Lance (2018). ''The Art of Looking: How to Read Modern and Contemporary Art''. New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, {{ISBN|9780465094660}}
* Fullerton, Elizabeth (2016). ''Artrage!: The Story of the BritArt Revolution''. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, {{ISBN|978-0500239445}}
* Gielen, Pascal (2009). ''The Murmuring of the Artistic Multitude: Global Art, Memory and Post-Fordism''. Amsterdam: Valiz, {{ISBN|9789078088394}}
* Gompertz, Will (2013). ''What Are You Looking At?: The Surprising, Shocking, and Sometimes Strange Story of 150 Years of Modern Art'' (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y.: Plume, {{ISBN|978-0142180297}}
* Harris, Jonathan (2011). ''Globalization and Contemporary Art''. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, {{ISBN|978-1405179508}}
* Lailach, Michael (2007). ''Land Art''. (Uta Grosenick, ed.). London: [[Taschen]], {{ISBN|978-3822856130}}
* Martin, Sylvia (2006). ''Video Art''. (Uta Grosenick, ed.). Los Angeles: Taschen, {{ISBN|978-3822829509}}
* Mercer, Kobena (2008). ''Exiles, Diasporas & Strangers''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, {{ISBN|978-0262633581}}
* Robertson, Jean; McDaniel, Craig (2012). ''Themes of Contemporary Art: Visual Art after 1980'' (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199797073}}
* Robinson, Hilary, ed. (2015). ''Feminism-Art-Theory: An Anthology 1968-2014'' (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, {{ISBN|978-1118360590}}
* [[Kristine Stiles|Stiles, Kristine]] and [[Peter Selz|Peter Howard Selz]], eds.''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XJFh9TT0Z9MC Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings]'' (1996), {{ISBN|0-520-20251-1}} 2012 edition edited by Kristine Stiles.
* Strehovec, Janez (2020).''Contemporary Art Impacts on Scientific, Social, and Cultural Paradigms: Emerging Research and Opportunities''. Hershey, PA: IGIGlobal.
* Thompson, Don (2010). ''The $12 Million Stuffed Shark: The Curious Economics of Contemporary Art''. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Griffin, {{ISBN|978-0230620599}}
* Thorton, Sarah (2009). ''Seven Days in the Art World''. New York, N.Y.: W.W. Norton & Company, {{ISBN|978-0393337129}}
* Wallace, Isabelle Loring and Jennie Hirsh, ''Contemporary Art and Classical Myth''. Farnham: Ashgate (2011), {{ISBN|978-0-7546-6974-6}}
* Warr, Tracey, ed. (2012). ''The Artist's Body'' (Revised). New York, N.Y.: Phaidon Press, {{ISBN|978-0714863931}}
* Wilson, Michael (2013). ''How to Read Contemporary Art: Experiencing the Art of the 21st Century''. New York, N.Y.: Abrams, {{ISBN|978-1419707537}}

==External links==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}

{{Western art movements}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Contemporary Art}}
[[Category:Contemporary art| ]]
[[Category:Postmodern art]]
[[Category:Science fiction themes]]
[[Category:Postmodernism]]
[[Category:Art by period of creation]]