Editing Cornplanter

{{Short description|Seneca war chief and diplomat (1752–1836)}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox American Indian chief
| name            = Cornplanter
| image           = Cornplanter.jpg
| image_size      = 
| caption         = Chief Cornplanter, portrait by Frederick Bartoli, 1796
| tribe           = [[Seneca people|Seneca]]
| lead            = 
| birth_date      = {{circa|1752}}
| birth_place     = Canawaugus (now part of [[Caledonia (town), New York|Caledonia]], [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| death_date      = February 18, 1836 
| death_place     = [[Cornplanter Tract]], [[Warren County, Pennsylvania|Warren]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| predecessor     = 
| successor       = Edward Cornplanter
| native_name     = Gaiänt'wakê, Kaintwakon
| nicknames       = John Abeel, John O'Bail, John O'Beale
| known_for       = War chief of the Seneca during the [[American Revolutionary War]]
| death_cause     = 
| resting_place   = [[Elk Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania]]
| rp_coordinates  = 
| religion        = 
| party           = 
| education       = 
| spouse          = 
| partner         = 
| children        = Henry O'Bail, Charles O'Bail, Polly O'Bail, William O'Bail, Esther O'Bail, Ja-wa-a-joh
| parents         = Gah-hon-no-neh ([[Seneca nation|Seneca]]), Johannes Abeel ([[Netherlands|Dutch]])
| relations       = [[Handsome Lake]] (half-brother)<br> [[Guyasuta|Guyasutha]] (uncle).<br>[[Governor Blacksnake|Chainbreaker]] (nephew)
| signature       = 
| footnotes       = 
}}

'''John Abeel III''' ({{circa|1752}}–February 18, 1836)<ref name="Abler 2007">{{cite book |last1=Abler |first1=Thomas S. |title=Cornplanter: Chief Warrior of the Allegany Senecas |date=2007 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |location=Syracuse, New York |isbn=9780815631149}}</ref> known as '''Gaiänt'wakê''' (''Gyantwachia'' – "the planter") or '''Kaiiontwa'kon''' (''Kaintwakon'' – "By What One Plants") in the [[Seneca language]] and thus [[Anglicisation|generally known]] as '''Cornplanter''', was a [[Dutch people|Dutch]]-[[Seneca people|Seneca]] chief warrior and diplomat of the [[Seneca people]]. As a war chief, Cornplanter fought in the [[American Revolutionary War]] on the side of the British. After the war Cornplanter led negotiations with the United States and was a signatory of the [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)|Treaty of Fort Stanwix]] (1784), the [[Treaty of Canandaigua]] (1794), and other treaties. He helped ensure Seneca neutrality during the [[Northwest Indian War]].

In the postwar years, Cornplanter endeavoured to learn more about Euro-American culture and invited [[Quakers]] to establish schools in Seneca territory. After the [[War of 1812]] he became disillusioned by his people's poor reaction to Euro-American society. He had the schools closed and embraced his half-brother [[Handsome Lake]]'s movement to return to traditional Seneca ways and religion.

The United States government granted him about 1500 acres of former Seneca territory in Pennsylvania in 1796 for "him and his heirs forever," which became known as the [[Cornplanter Tract]]. The federal government, however, started construction of the [[Kinzua Dam]] on the [[Allegany River]] in 1960. When the dam was completed the Cornplanter Tract was flooded and most of the few remaining residents moved to the [[Allegany Reservation]] of the federally recognized [[Seneca Nation of New York]]. Before flooding occurred the remains of Cornplanter, his descendants, and an 1866 monument to him were relocated.

==Early life==
Cornplanter was born about 1752 at [[Canawaugus, New York|Canawaugus]] (now in the [[Caledonia (town), New York|Town of Caledonia]]) on the [[Genesee River]] in present-day [[New York State]]. He was the son of a [[Seneca nation|Seneca]] woman, Gah-hon-no-neh (She Who Goes to the River), and a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] trader, Johannes "John" Abeel II.<ref name="Abler 2007" />

The Dutch had [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|settled]] the [[Hudson Valley|Hudson River Valley]] several generations earlier, and Cornplanter's father, an [[Albany, New York|Albany]] fur trader, was part of an established family. The Abeel family name was sometimes [[Irish Gaelic|Gaelicized]] to O'Bail and O'Beale. John Abeel II (1722–1794) was connected to the [[Schuyler family]], leaders in business and politics. The grandfather after whom Cornplanter was named, [[Johannes Abeel]] I  (1667–1711), was a trader and merchant who built up links with the indigenous people along his trade routes, and who served as the second [[List of mayors of Albany, New York|mayor of Albany]]. The younger John Abeel was a gunsmith and was gladly welcomed into the Iroquois community to repair their guns.

Cornplanter was raised by his mother among the Seneca.  His Seneca name, ''Gaiänt'wakê'' (often spelled Gyantwachia), means "the planter," and another variation, ''Kaintwakon'', means "by what one plants."<ref name="sacredtexts">{{cite web|title=Glossary of Seneca Words|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/iro/parker/cohl167.htm|website=Internet Sacred Text Archive}}</ref> As the Seneca and other Iroquois nations had a [[matrilineal]] system of kinship, Cornplanter was considered a member of his mother's [[clan]], the Wolf Clan.<ref name="Abler 2007" />

==War chief==

When the [[American Revolutionary War]] began in 1775, Cornplanter urged the Seneca to remain neutral.<ref name="Graymont">{{Cite book|last=Graymont|first=Barbara|title=The Iroquois in the American Revolution|year=1972|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, N.Y.|page=171 |isbn=9780815600831 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/iroquoisinameric00gray}}</ref> He is reported to have said, "War is war. Death is death. A fight is a hard business."<ref name="Abler 1989" />

Initially, both the British and the Americans also wanted the Iroquois to remain neutral. As the war progressed, however, the British began encouraging the Iroquois to "take up the hatchet," while the Americans sought their continued neutrality. In July 1777, the Seneca met with [[John Butler (Ranger)|John Butler]], a deputy superintendent in the [[British Indian Department]] at [[Irondequoit, New York|Irondequoit]] to discuss whether to abandon their neutrality. Although Cornplanter strongly opposed becoming involved, the Seneca eventually agreed to actively support the British against the Americans. Cornplanter honoured that decision.<ref name="Graymont" />

Because of the status of the Seneca as "elder brothers" among the Iroquois, most of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]] followed suit. The [[Oneida people|Oneida]] and the [[Tuscarora people|Tuscarora]], however, strongly influenced by the missionaries such as [[Samuel Kirkland]], resolved to support the Americans instead.<ref name="Crytzer">{{cite web |last1=Crytzer |first1=Brady J. |title=Longhouse Lost: The Battle of Oriskany and the Iroquois Civil War |url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2020/07/longhouse-lost-the-battle-of-oriskany-and-the-iroquois-civil-war/ |website=Journal of the American Revolution |date=30 July 2020 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Cornplanter and [[Sayenqueraghta]] were named as war chiefs of the four nations that allied with the British: the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]], [[Seneca people|Seneca]], [[Onondaga people|Onondaga]] and [[Cayuga people|Cayuga]].

During the [[Siege of Fort Stanwix]] in August 1777, Cornplanter played a significant role in the ambush of a column of Patriot militia and Oneida at the [[Battle of Oriskany]].<ref name="Crytzer" /> In 1778, he joined forces with John Butler and [[Butler's Rangers]] at the 1778 [[Battle of Wyoming]] in what is now [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]]. Roughly 300 Patriot militia and [[Continental Army|Continentals]] were killed in what is commonly known as the Wyoming Massacre. The battle was followed by widespread looting and burning throughout the [[Wyoming Valley]] but non-combatants were not harmed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Glenn F. |title=Year of the Hangman: George Washington's Campaign against the Iroquois |date=2005 |publisher=Westholm Publishing |location=Yardley, Pennsylvania |isbn=9781594160134 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/yearofhangmangeo0000will}}</ref>

In November 1778, Cornplanter led the Seneca at the [[Cherry Valley Massacre]]. During this raid many non-combatants were killed or taken captive.

In 1779, [[George Washington]] ordered Major General [[John Sullivan (general)|John Sullivan]] to invade Iroquois territory and destroy their villages. Cornplanter, along with [[Joseph Brant]], Sayenqueraghta, and Butler, fought a desperate delaying action in order to allow the escape of refugees to [[Fort Niagara]]. They were brushed aside at the [[Battle of Newtown]] by Sullivan's army of 4,500 men.

The [[Sullivan Expedition]] caused great destruction during the subsequent [[scorched earth]] campaign. They methodically razed villages, burned fields, and destroyed stored foodstuffs throughout the Seneca and Cayuga homeland.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite web |last=Adamiak |first=Stanley J. |url= http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/1998/sullivan.html |title=The 1779 Sullivan Campaign: A Little-Known Offensive Strategic To The War Breaks The Indian Nations' Power |website=Archiving Early America |access-date=2006-11-11 }}</ref> The Seneca suffered terribly during the following winter. Many froze or starved to death. Cornplanter and his warriors, however, continued to raid American settlements in 1780.<ref name="Graymont" />

In May 1780, Cornplanter and Joseph Brant led an attack on Canojaharie on the [[Mohawk River]]. During this raid, Seneca warriors captured Cornplanter's father John Abeel and burned his house. Cornplanter, who had once gone as a young man to meet his father, recognized Abeel and offered apology. Cornplanter invited Abeel to go with him or return to his European family. When his father chose the latter, Cornplanter had Seneca warriors accompany him in safety.<ref name="Graymont" />

A few months later Cornplanter participated in the large scale raid on the Schoharie Creek and Mohawk River valleys that culminated in the inconclusive [[Battle of Klock's Field]].<ref name="Abler 2007" /> He was relatively inactive for the remainder of the war.

==Post-Revolutionary War years==
When the war ended in 1783, Cornplanter recognized the need to develop a positive diplomatic relationship with the [[Congress of the Confederation|fledgling government]] of what the Iroquois called the "Thirteen Fires." He became a negotiator in disputes between the new "Americans" and the Seneca.  He was a signatory of the [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)]], although this treaty was never ratified by the Iroquois.<ref>{{cite web |title=Treaty and Land Transaction of 1784 |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/treaty-and-land-transaction-of-1784.htm |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

During the [[Northwest Indian War]], Native Americans in what is now [[Ohio]] and [[Indiana]] mounted a resistance to the encroachment of American settlers into their territory. Cornplanter convinced the Seneca to remain neutral in this conflict. In addition, he attempted to negotiate with the [[Shawnee]] on behalf of the United States.<ref name="Abler 2007" />

In 1790, Cornplanter and other Seneca leaders travelled to [[Philadelphia]] to meet with President George Washington and [[Pennsylvania]] Governor [[Thomas Mifflin]] and protest the treatment of their people. Cornplanter extracted an agreement from Washington and Mifflin to protect Seneca land.<ref>{{cite letter |author=Seneca Chiefs |recipient=[[George Washington]] |subject=To George Washington from the Seneca Chiefs, 1 December 1790 |date=1 December 1790 |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-07-02-0005 |access-date=11 September 2018 |publisher= [[National Historical Publications and Records Commission]] of the [[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref>

Cornplanter made a number of trips to Philadelphia, and later [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], to strengthen relationships and meet with those who were interested in his people. He tried to understand Euro-American culture, as he felt it necessary for successful relations between the Iroquois and the United States.

Cornplanter was particularly impressed by the beliefs and practices of the [[Quakers]]. Like the Quakers, Cornplanter and his half-brother, the religious leader [[Handsome Lake]], strongly opposed the use of liquor, and unlike other Protestant groups, the goal of Quaker missionaries was to educate rather than convert.<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Kinney |first=Jill |date=2009 |title="Letters, Pen, and Tilling the Field" : Quaker Schools among the Seneca Indians on the Allegany River, 1798-1852 |publisher=University of Rochester}}</ref> Cornplanter invited Quakers to the Cornplanter Tract to help the Seneca learn new skills such as [[animal husbandry]], carpentry and smithing as they could no longer rely on hunting or the fur trade as a way of life.  He also encouraged Seneca men to become involved in growing crops, a task which traditionally was done by women.

In 1794, Cornplanter was a signatory to the [[Treaty of Canandaigua]]. The treaty proclaimed "peace and friendship" between the United States of America and the Iroquois, and affirmed their land rights in the state of [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="cayuga-treaty-text">{{cite web|url=http://www.cayuganation-nsn.gov/Home/LandRights/Treaties/TreatyofCanandaigua|title=Treaty of Canandaigua|publisher=Cayuga Nation ("People of the Great Swamp")|access-date=2009-08-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727153640/http://www.cayuganation-nsn.gov/Home/LandRights/Treaties/TreatyofCanandaigua|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref>
Three years later he signed the [[Treaty of Big Tree]] that established Seneca reservations within their traditional territory.

Eventually, Cornplanter became disillusioned with his relationship with the Americans. To fight the drunkenness and despair suffered by many Indians, his half-brother Handsome Lake preached that the Seneca must return to the traditional way of life and take part in religious ceremonies. Cornplanter heeded Handsome Lake's prophecy that they should return to traditional ways and turn away from European assimilation. He burned his military uniform, broke his sword, and destroyed his medals. He closed the schools but did not completely break relations with the Quakers as he retained his respect for them.

Cornplanter occasionally openly expressed his disdain for whites. Upon taking a short ride on the first steamboat to navigate the upper Allegheny River, Cornplanter, while generally impressed with the boat, quipped that "white men will do anything to avoid using their muscles."<ref>[http://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/state-and-union-river-traffic-dreams-never-realized-at-olean/article_b80dfd40-204e-11e6-ab50-c77e4ebece48.html "State and Union: River-traffic Dreams Never Realized at Olean Point"]. ''Olean Times Herald'' (May 22, 2016). Retrieved May 22, 2016.</ref>

During the [[War of 1812]], Cornplanter did not play an active role in the fighting along the [[Niagara River]], however, his son Henry and his nephew Chainbreaker, also known as Blacksnake actively supported the Americans.<ref name="Abler 2007" />

As Cornplanter aged, his influence among the Seneca dwindled in favour of Chainbreaker and [[Red Jacket]]. He died in 1836 at his home in the Cornplanter Tract.

==Family==

Cornplanter had an older half-brother, [[Handsome Lake]], who later became a Seneca religious leader. He was the uncle of the influential sachem [[Governor Blacksnake|Chainbreaker]],<ref name="Abler 1989">{{cite book |last1=Abler |first1=Thomas S. |title=Chainbreaker: The Revolutionary War Memoirs of Governor Blacksnake as Told to Benjamin Williams. |date=1989 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |isbn=9780803214460 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/chainbreakerrevo0000blac/}}</ref> and the nephew of [[Guyasuta]], a leader of the western Seneca during [[Pontiac's War]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abler |first1=Thomas S. |title=Kayahsota |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/kayahsota_4E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref>

Cornplanter married twice and had seven children. The names of six of the seven are known. One of Cornplanter's sons had an [[intellectual disability]] and is only referred to as "The Idiot" in primary sources.<ref name="Abler 2007" />

While in Philadelphia in 1790, Cornplanter had met with Quaker leaders. He was impressed enough to send his son Henry to the Quaker school the following year. This sparked a continuing relationship between Cornplanter and the Quaker community. Henry Abeel (spelled Henry Abeele in federal documents) later served as an interpreter at the Treaty of Canandaigua negotiations in 1794.

Cornplanter's direct [[issue (genealogy)|issue]] lasted five generations. Great-great-great grandson [[Jesse Cornplanter]], an artist and the son of [[Edward Cornplanter]], was the last direct male heir; he had no children, and much of the extended Abeel/Cornplanter family had died in the 1910s. Jesse adopted two children, the children of his late sister [[Carrie Cornplanter|Carrie]].<ref>''Bulletin of the New York State Museum, 1920''. Section: "[https://books.google.com/books?id=b5oWAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22edward+cornplanter%22&pg=PA104 Death of Chief Edward Cornplanter]," pages 104 and 105.</ref>

Cornplanter descendants meet annually to Remember the Removal. There are hundreds of descendants of Cornplanter. They meet annually at the Annual Cornplanter Reunion Picnic. In 2018, the Cornplanter newsletters were compiled and published. These include genealogical information and stories from Cornplanter descendants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Erickson |first=Jack |title=Cornplanter Newsletters |date=November 18, 2018 |publisher=Lulu |isbn=978-1387956692 |edition=1st |location=Lulu.com |publication-date=2018 |pages=1-162 |language=English}}</ref>


==Cornplanter Tract==
{{main|Cornplanter Tract}}
In gratitude for his assistance to the state, the Pennsylvania government gave Cornplanter a grant of {{convert|1500|acre|km2}} in 1796 along the western bank of the [[Allegheny River]] about three miles (5&nbsp;km) below the southern boundary of New York state, allotting it to him and his heirs "forever".<ref name="phmc">{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/people/4277/chief_cornplanter/443542|title=Chief Cornplanter |access-date=2010-02-26 |publisher= Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission}}</ref> By 1798, 400 Seneca lived on the land, which was called the Cornplanter Tract or Cornplanter Grant. In 1821 [[Warren County, Pennsylvania]] tried to force Cornplanter to pay taxes for his land, which he protested on the basis that the land had been "granted" to him by the U.S. government. After much talk, the state finally agreed that the Cornplanter Tract was exempt.<ref name="Abler 2007" /> Most of the Cornplanter Tract and his village, ''Diono?sade'gî'' (Place of burnt house) or ''Tiononshaté:ken'' (The house has burnt there), was deserted by the late 1950s, as it was never connected to the electrical grid and was prone to flooding.<ref name = "sacredtexts"/><ref name=lastindianschool>Miller, Ernest C. (1958). "Pennsylvania's Last Indian School." ''Pennsylvania History'', vol. 25, p. 99</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Wallace|first1=Anthony F.C.|title=The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca|url=https://archive.org/details/deathrebirthofse0000unse|url-access=registration|date=1972|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=9780307760562 }}</ref>

==Cornplanter Monument==
Before his death in 1836, Cornplanter had requested a grave with no marker. In 1866, however, the State of Pennsylvania installed a monument over his grave, "believed to be first monument erected in honor of a Native American in the United States."<ref name="dedication"/>

Hon. [[James Ross Snowden]] of Philadelphia gave the dedicatory address, saying in part:

{{blockquote|He was a dauntless warrior and wisest statesman of his nation, the patriarch of this tribe and the peacemaker of his race.  He was a model man from nature's mould.  Truth, temperance, justice and humanity, never had a nobler incarnation or more earnest and consistent advocate then he.  As we loved him personally, and revere the nobel, manly character he bore, we erect this tribute to his memory, that those who live after us may know and imitate his virtues.<ref name="dedication">{{Cite web
| title = Cornplanter - Gyantwahia Biography
| work = Seneca Nation of Indians Blog / SNI Archives Dept.
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| url = http://blog.senecanation.com/post/Cornplanter-Gyantwahia-Biography.aspx
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130609142047/http://blog.senecanation.com/post/Cornplanter-Gyantwahia-Biography.aspx
| archive-date = 2013-06-09
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>}}

==Relocation of Cornplanter's grave==
In 1965, the new federal [[Kinzua Dam]] at [[Warren, Pennsylvania]] was completed, creating the [[Allegheny Reservoir]] for flood control, and permanently flooding all but a small corner of the Cornplanter Tract.<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Wallace | first1 = Paul A. W. |last2 = Hunter |first2=William A. |title = Indians in Pennsylvania |publisher = Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission | location = Harrisburg, Pa | year = 1999| isbn = 0-89271-017-9|page=174
}}</ref>
Cornplanter's grave was moved with the Cornplanter Monument, to higher ground, at the Riverview-Corydon Cemetery, located in [[Elk Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Cornplanter Cemetery - Warren County, Pennsylvania
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| url = http://www.interment.net/data/us/pa/warren/cornplanter/
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title = Cemetery Flooded by the Kinzua Dam
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| url = http://www.interment.net/flood/pa/kinzua/relocation.htm
}}</ref> "The grounds are located west of the north central Pennsylvania town of [[Bradford, Pennsylvania|Bradford]] just about 100 yards from the New York state line. The cemetery contains what are believed to be the remains of Cornplanter", and some 300 of his descendants and followers.<ref name="AMHerflooding">{{Cite news
| volume = 20
| issue = 1
| last = Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.
| title = Cornplanter, Can You Swim?
| work = American Heritage Magazine
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| date = December 1968
| url = http://www.americanheritage.com/content/cornplanter-can-you-swim?page=show
}}</ref> This property has eroded over the years, threatening the preservation of this important cemetery. The Seneca are reminded of their losses due to this damage.<ref>{{Cite web
| last = Genaro C. Armas
| title = Erosion at Seneca cemetery dredge lingering bitterness
| work = News From Indian Country
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| url = http://indiancountrynews.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=869&Itemid=116
}}</ref> In 2009 the state made plans to try to protect the cemetery.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Dean Wells
| title = Work on Cornplanter Cemetery set to begin with spring
| work = The Times Observer, TimesObserver.com
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| date = 2009-03-03
| url = http://www.timesobserver.com/page/content.detail/id/513366.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104936/http://www.timesobserver.com/page/content.detail/id/513366.html
| archive-date = 2016-03-04
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The State of Pennsylvania erected an honorary marker at the site in 1966, after the original Cornplanter Tract was being submerged.<ref name="phmc"/>

==Legacy==
*The relocation of Cornplanter's remains and gravesite figure in the song "[[Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian|As Long As The Grass Shall Grow]]", which [[Johnny Cash]] recorded in 1964; it was originally written by [[Peter LaFarge]].
*The [[Chief Cornplanter Council|Chief Cornplanter]] [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] Council, headquartered in Warren, as well as their [[Order of the Arrow]] lodge, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080723203857/http://webpages.atlanticbb.net/~wilsric/lodge255 Gyantwachia Lodge #255] are named in his honor.
*[[Cornplanter State Forest]] in [[Forest County, Pennsylvania|Forest County]], Pennsylvania is named for him and comprises {{convert|1585|acre|km2}} of land.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Cornplanter State Forest
| publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
|url=https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateForests/FindAForest/Cornplanter/Pages/default.aspx
| access-date = 2023-03-26
}}</ref>
*"The [[Cornplanter Medal]] was introduced in 1901 by [[Frederick Starr]] who had conducted research on the Iroquois Indians and wanted to give public acknowledgement to others who had contributed to the knowledge of the tribes. In order to help establish the medal, Starr and his colleagues raised money by selling a series of drawings of Indian life by [[Jesse Cornplanter]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fenton |first=William N. |date=1980 |title=Frederick Starr, Jesse Cornplanter and the Cornplanter Medal for Iroquois Research |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23169465 |url-access=registration |journal=New York History |publisher=New York State Historical Association |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages= 186–199|jstor=23169465 }}</ref>
* In 2003, the Warren, Pennsylvania-based non-profit organization Friends of Allegheny Wilderness proposed that a 3,022-acre [[inventoried roadless area]], directly adjacent to the Cornplanter land grant within [[Allegheny National Forest]] lands, be designated as a wilderness area under the [[Wilderness Act of 1964]], and that this wilderness area should be called the Cornplanter Wilderness in honor of Chief Cornplanter.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Citizens' Wilderness Proposal for Pennsylvania's Allegheny National Forest September, 2003 |url=http://www.pawild.org/exec_summary.html |publisher=Friends of Allegheny Wilderness |access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref>
* The Cornplanter Stage inside the Key Bank Pavilion on the Warren County Fairgrounds in [[Pittsfield Township, Pennsylvania|Pittsfield, Pennsylvania]], is named after him.
* In 2008, ''[[The Kane Republican]]'' ran a Thanksgiving editorial titled "Giving Thanks for Cornplanter's Legacy."
* A 2009 newspaper column titled, "Cornplanter, can you swim?" (quoting the song) proposed renaming [[Allegheny Reservoir]] as Cornplanter Lake.<ref>{{Cite news 
 |last=Chris Lareau 
 |title=Cornplanter, can you swim? 
 |work=Allegheny Almanac 
 |access-date=2012-09-23 
 |date=2009-12-17 
 |url=http://www.alleghenyalmanac.com/2009/12/cornplanter-can-you-swim.html
 |url-status=usurped
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116072548/http://www.alleghenyalmanac.com/2009/12/cornplanter-can-you-swim.html 
 |archive-date=2010-01-16 
 }}</ref>
*In 2011, the Center Street Bridge carrying [[New York State Route 353]] over the Allegheny River in [[Salamanca, NY]] was renamed the Chief Cornplanter (Gayetwage) Memorial Bridge.<ref>{{Cite news
| title = Center Street Bridge Dedicated as 'Chief Cornplanter Bridge'
| work = The Salamanca Press
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| date = 2011-11-10
| url = http://www.salamancapress.com/news/article_cbcf486e-0bd3-11e1-8c9c-001cc4c002e0.html?photo=1
|url-access=registration
}}</ref>
* Cornplanter's portrait is held in the collection of the [[New-York Historical Society]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gayë́twahgeh (also known as Cornplanter, 1732/40–1846) |url=https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/40589/gayetwahgeh-also-known-as-cornplanter-1732401846 |website=New-York Historical Museum & Library |access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref>
* A [[pipe tomahawk]] given to Cornplanter by [[George Washington]] in 1792 disappeared from the [[New York State Museum]] in the late 1940s, but was eventually returned and put back on display in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cornplanter's Pipe Tomahawk |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/cornplanters-pipe-tomahawk-cdwh5f/ |website=WMHT Specials |publisher=PBS |date=2018-03-18 |access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/exhibitions/cornplanters-pipe-tomahawk
|title=Cornplanter's Pipe Tomahawk
|publisher=New York State Museum
|access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref>
* Cornplanter is featured in a panel chronicling his support of the British during the American Revolution at the [[Museum of the American Revolution]], as well as at the American Revolution Museum in Yorktown.
* Cornplanter College is the name selected for a proposed "alternative education" college in the city of [[Salamanca, NY]], which the city rents the property for from the [[Seneca Nation of Indians]]. Plans for the college, however, have stalled since the announcement in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.salamancapress.com/news/much-expected-at-new-startup-college-in-city/article_60521d28-7dff-11e3-8046-0019bb2963f4.html|url-access=registration |title=Much expected at new startup college in city|last=Nianiatus|first=Christa |newspaper=[[Salamanca Press]]|date=2014-01-16|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref>

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book
| title = The Hatchet and the Plow: The Life and Times of Chief Cornplanter
| last = Betts
| first = William W.
| publisher = iUniverse.com
| year = 2010
| isbn = 9781450267137
}}
*{{Cite book
| publisher = Mountain Laurel Pub. Corp
| isbn = 9781929382019
| last = Harold Thomas Beck
| title = Cornplanter Chronicles
| year = 2001
}}
* "The Speech of the Cornplanter, Half-Town, and the Great-Tree, Chiefs and Councillors of the Seneca Nation, to the Great Councillor of the Thirteen Fires. Signed at Philadelphia, the first day of December, 1790." [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsp&fileName=007/llsp007.db&recNum=141 American State Papers, 2nd Congress, 1st Session. Indian Affairs: v. 1], p.&nbsp;140-1
*{{Cite news
| title = Indians at Pow-wow Observe Old Rites – Representatives of the Six Nations Meet on Onondaga Reservation Near Syracuse. Ancient Faith is Taught – Chief Cornplanter Expounds Religion of Handsomelake and Braves Dance and Tell of Their Sins.
| work = New York Times
| date = 25 November 1909
| access-date = 2012-09-23
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60813F83D5412738DDDAC0A94D9415B898CF1D3
}} {{subscription required}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{NSRW Poster|Cornplanter}}
*{{Cite web
| title = Kiontwogky or Corn Plant
| access-date = 2012-01-14
| url = http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/biographical/kiontwogky_corn_plant.htm
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130116085755/http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/biographical/kiontwogky_corn_plant.htm
| archive-date = 2013-01-16
| url-status = dead
}}
*{{Cite web
| title = The Cornplanter Memorial: An Historical Sketch of Gy-ant-wa-chia – The Cornplanter, and of the Six Nations of Indians
| year = 1867
| access-date = 2016-06-01
| url = https://archive.org/stream/cornplantermemor00snow#page/90/mode/2up
}}
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/cooks_forest/3046494968/ Photo of Cornplanter's Monument]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornplanter}}
[[Category:1750s births]]
[[Category:1836 deaths]]
[[Category:Seneca people]]
[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:Native American leaders]]
[[Category:Native American people of the Indian Wars]]
[[Category:Native American history of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Venango County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:Schuyler family]]
[[Category:People from colonial New York]]
[[Category:People from Caledonia, New York]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:People of the Sullivan Expedition]]
[[Category:Wolf Clan of the Iroquois]]