Editing Counsel

{{Short description|Legal professional title in English-speaking countries}}
{{about|counsellor at law|counselling counsel|Advice (opinion)|other|Counsel (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Counsellor at law|the 1933 film|Counsellor at Law|legal counsel|legal counsel}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{wiktionary|counsel}}

A '''counsel''' or a '''counsellor at law''' is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in [[law|legal]] matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of ''[[lawyer]]''.

The word ''counsel'' can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.

==UK and Ireland==
The legal system in England uses the term ''counsel'' as an approximate synonym for a [[Barristers in England and Wales|barrister-at-law]], but not for a [[solicitor]], and may apply it to mean either a single person who [[pleading|plead]]s a cause, or collectively, the body of [[barrister]]s engaged in a [[Legal case|case]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Counsel and Counsellor|volume=7|page=312}}</ref>

The difference between "Barrister" and "Counsel" is subtle.  In England and Wales, "Barrister" is a professional title awarded by one of the four [[Inns of Court]], and is used in a barrister's private, academic or professional capacity.  "Counsel" is used to refer to a barrister who is instructed on a particular case. It is customary to use the third person when addressing a barrister instructed on a case: "Counsel is asked to advise" rather than "You are asked to advise". However, it is considered inappropriate to address an individual barrister verbally as 'counsel'. The correct form is to call the barrister 'Mr X' or 'Miss Y' but never 'Counsel'.

The legal term ''counsellor'', or more fully, ''counsellor-at-law'', became practically obsolete in England, but continued in use locally in [[Ireland]],<ref name="citizens"/> as an equivalent to ''barrister'', where a ''Senior Counsel'' (S.C.) is equivalent to the UK [[King's Counsel]] (K.C.)

After they have graduated from University with a law degree, they become a 'junior counsel', their work normally is completing most of the paperwork in cases (such as drafting legal documents). After about 10 to 15 years of practising as a junior counsel, a barrister may apply to become a senior counsel. This is sometimes called "taking silk" this because the senior counsel's gown was traditionally made of silk. A senior counsel may have the letters SC after his/her name.<ref name="citizens">{{cite web |title=Barristers |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/barristers.html |website=www.citizensinformation.ie |access-date=24 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024122208/https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/barristers.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==North America==
{{further|Law firm}}
In the [[United States|United States of America]], the term ''counselor-at-law'' designates, specifically, an [[Attorney at law (United States)|attorney]] admitted to practice in all [[courts|courts of law]]; but as the United States legal system makes  no formal division of the [[legal profession]] into two classes, as in the United Kingdom, most US citizens use the term loosely in the same sense as ''[[lawyer]]'', meaning one who is versed in (or practicing) [[law]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

In the United States and [[Canada]], many large and midsize law firms have lawyers with the job title of "counsel", "[[special counsel]]" or "[[of counsel]]". These lawyers are employees of the firm like associates, although some firms have an independent contractor relationship with them. But unlike associates, and more like partners, they generally have their own clients, manage their own files, and may supervise associates.

==Non-legal usage==
The word "counsel" also means advice given by a professional (psychology and social sciences, religious, academic, etc.)  regarding the judgment or conduct of another.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/counsel|title=counsel|via=The Free Dictionary|access-date=2015-09-30|archive-date=2015-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002012335/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/counsel|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|counsel|co-counsel}}
*[[Attorney at law]]
*[[General counsel]]
*[[Ineffective assistance of counsel]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lawyers by type]]