Editing Country code top-level domain

{{Short description|Internet top-level domain used by or reserved for a country}}
{{Redirect2|ccTLD|cc TLD|the TLD for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands|.cc}}
{{For|a list of TLDs|List of Internet top-level domains}}
A '''country code top-level domain''' ('''ccTLD''') is an [[Internet]] [[top-level domain]] generally used or reserved for a [[country]], sovereign state, or [[dependent territory]] identified with a [[country code]]. All [[ASCII]] ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs.

In 2018, the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA) began implementing [[internationalized country code top-level domain]]s, consisting of language-native characters when displayed in an end-user application. Creation and delegation of ccTLDs is described in RFC 1591, corresponding to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. While [[gTLD]]s have to obey international regulations, ccTLDs are subjected to requirements that are determined by each country's domain name regulation corporation. With over 150 million domain name registrations as of 2022, ccTLDs make up about 40% of the total domain name industry.<ref name="verisign">{{cite web|url=https://www.verisign.com/assets/domain-name-report-Q12021.pdf|title=Verisign Domain Name Industry Brief Q1 2021|website=verisign.com|access-date=2021-06-06|archive-date=2021-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606172302/https://www.verisign.com/assets/domain-name-report-Q12021.pdf|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>

Country code extension applications began in 1985. The registered country code extensions in that year included [[.us]] (United States), [[.uk]] (United Kingdom) and [[.il]] (Israel). The registered country code extensions in 1986 included [[.au]] (Australia), [[.de]] (Germany), [[.fi]] (Finland), [[.fr]] (France), [[.is]] (Iceland), [[.jp]] (Japan), [[.kr]] (South Korea), [[.nl]] (Netherlands) and [[.se]] (Sweden). The registered country code extensions in 1987 included [[.nz]] (New Zealand), [[.ch]] (Switzerland) and [[.ca]] (Canada).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/cctlds-21-2012-02-25-en|website=ICANN (iana.org)|title=ccTLD|date=2012-02-25|access-date=2020-05-14|archive-date=2020-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507123705/https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/cctlds-21-2012-02-25-en|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> The registered country code extensions in 1988 included [[.ie]] (Ireland) [[.it]] (Italy), [[.es]] (Spain) and [[.pt]] (Portugal). The registered country code extensions in 1989 included [[.in]] (India) and [[.yu]] (Yugoslavia). In the 1990s, [[.cn]] (People's Republic of China) and [[.ru]] (Russian Federation) were first registered.

There are 308 delegated ccTLDs. The [[.cn]], [[.tk]], [[.de]], [[.uk]], [[.nl]] and [[.ru]] ccTLDs contain the highest number of domains. The top ten ccTLDs account for more than five-eighths of registered ccTLD domains. There were about 153 million ccTLD domains registered at the end of March 2022.<ref name="verisign"/>

==Delegation and management==
IANA is responsible for determining an appropriate trustee for each ccTLD. Administration and control are then delegated to that trustee, which is responsible for the policies and operation of the domain. The current delegation can be determined from IANA's list of ccTLDs.<ref name="iana">{{cite web|website=IANA (iana.org)|title=list of ccTLDs|url=https://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2022-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808185901/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Individual ccTLDs may have varying requirements and fees for registering [[subdomains]]. There may be a local-presence requirement (for instance, citizenship or other connection to the ccTLD), as, for example, the [[United States|American]] ([[.us|us]]), [[Japan]]ese ([[.jp|jp]]), [[Canada|Canadian]] ([[.ca|ca]]), [[France|French]] ([[.fr|fr]]) and [[Germany|German]] ([[.de|de]]) domains, or registration may be open.

==History==
The first registered ccTLD was [[.us]], which was registered in 1985. Later ccTLDs registered in that year included [[.uk]] and [[Israel|.il]]. Then, [[.au]], [[.de]], [[.fi]], [[.fr]], [[.is]], [[.jp]], [[.kr]], [[.nl]] and [[.se]] were also registered in 1986.<ref name="iana"/> In 1987, [[.nz]], [[.ch]], [[.my]] and [[.ca]] were registered. Later on, in 1988, [[.ie]], [[.it]], [[.es]] and [[.pt]] were also registered.

==Lists==
As of 20&nbsp;May 2017, there were 255&nbsp;country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. The number was 316 {{As of|June 2020|lc=y}}, with the addition of internationalized domains.<ref name="iana"/>

===Latin Character ccTLDs===
:{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{big|Table columns – legend}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| Name&nbsp;
| DNS name of the two-letter country-code top-level domain. They follow [[ISO 3166-1]] alpha-2, with some exceptions such as ".ac" for Ascension Island, ".eu" for the European Union, or ".uk" for United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland instead of ".gb". ISO codes {{code|bv}}, {{code|bl}}, {{code|mf}}, {{code|sj}}, {{code|gb}}, and {{code|um}} are not used for country code top-level domains.
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| Entity&nbsp;
| Country, dependency, or region
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| Explanation&nbsp;
| English name of the country. These are usually domains that arise from native name of the country (e.g. [[.de]] for ''[[Deutschland]]'', [[German language|German]] name for Germany).
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| Notes&nbsp;
| General remarks
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| Registry&nbsp;
| [[Domain name registry]] operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| IDN&nbsp;
| Support for [[internationalized domain names]] (IDN)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| DNSSEC&nbsp;
| Presence of DS records for [[Domain Name System Security Extensions]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| SLD&nbsp;
| Second level domain; that is, whether names may be registered directly under the TLD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!style="text-align:right;"| IPv6&nbsp;
| Registry fully supports [[IPv6]] access
|}

;Overview of Latin-character country-code TLDs
After clicking a letter, possibly scroll up to see rows hidden by sticky table headers.
{{Compact TOC|name=no|allowtoc=yes|x=}}
{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable sticky-header"
|- style="background:#a0d0ff;"
!scope="col" {{verth|va=middle|Name<ref name="iana" />}}
!scope="col"| Entity
!scope="col" {{verth|va=middle|Explanation<br/>(language of origin,<br/>if different from English)}}
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
!scope="col"| [[Domain name registry|Registry]]<ref name="iana"/>{{update inline|date=March 2024|?=yes}}
!scope="col"| [[Internationalized domain name|IDN]]
!scope="col"| [[Domain Name System Security Extensions|DNSSEC]]
!scope="col"| [[Second-level domain|SLD]]
!scope="col"| [[IPv6]]
!Introduction Date
|- id="A"
| [[.ac]] || {{flag|Ascension Island}} (United Kingdom) ||'''''A'''s'''c'''ension Island''
| In [[ISO 3166-1]], Ascension Island falls under [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]'s code ''SH''. ''AC'' is an exceptionally reserved ISO 3166-1 code. Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, {{code|.ac}} is not to be confused with the official academic domains used by several countries such as the [[United Kingdom]] ([[.ac.uk]]), [[India]] ([[.ac.in]]) or [[Indonesia]] ([[.ac.id]]). Also used in the accounting, consulting, and air-conditioning industries.
| Ascension Island Network Information Centre (run by [[Internet Computer Bureau]])
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|19 December 1997}}
|-
| [[.ad]] || {{flag|Andorra}} ||'''''A'''n'''d'''orra''
| Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andorra Telecom trade name registration policy|website=Nic.ad|url=http://www.nic.ad/angles/nomcomercial_e.htm|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=16 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316072443/http://nic.ad/angles/nomcomercial_e.htm|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>
|Nic.ad
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|9 January 1996}}
|-
| [[.ae]] || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} ||''United '''A'''rab '''E'''mirates''
|
|.aeDA
| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|1 December 1992}}
|-
| [[.af]] || {{flag|Afghanistan}} ||'''''Af'''ghanistan''
|
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|16 October 1997}}
|-
| [[.ag]] || {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} ||'''''A'''nti'''g'''ua and Barbuda''
| Also unofficially used by German businesses (where AG is an abbreviation of [[Aktiengesellschaft]]).
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.ai]] || {{flag|Anguilla}} (United Kingdom) || '''''A'''ngu'''i'''lla''|| Also unofficially used by tech companies specializing in AI (Artificial Intelligence).
|
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|16 February 1995}}
|-
| [[.al]] || {{flag|Albania}} ||'''''Al'''bania''
| Citizenship ''no longer'' required.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 April 1992}}
|-
| [[.am]] || {{flag|Armenia}} || '''''A'''r'''m'''enia''|| Also unofficially used by [[AM radio]] stations, podcasts or related business.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|26 August 1994}}
|-
| [[.ao]] || {{flag|Angola}} ||'''''A'''ng'''o'''la''
|
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{dunno}} ||
|{{dts|15 November 1995}}
|-
| [[.aq]] || {{flag|Antarctica}} || '''''A'''ntarcti'''q'''ue'' (French) || Defined by the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty]] as everything south of [[60th parallel south|latitude 60°S]]. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica. Domain names can be registered and renewed free of charge.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|{{dts|26 February 1992}}
|-
| [[.ar]] || {{flag|Argentina}} ||'''''Ar'''gentina''
|
|[https://Nic.ar nic.ar]|| {{yes|Spanish}}{{efn-ua| 17&nbsp;November 2009, Spanish-Portuguese specific characters (á, â, ã, à, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ñ, ç) allowed, as approved by law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/160000-164999/160861/norma.htm|title=norma|website=infoleg.gov.ar|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2016-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229053125/http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/160000-164999/160861/norma.htm|url-status=live|language=es}}</ref>}}  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|23 September 1987}}
|-
| [[.as]] || {{flag|American Samoa}} (United States)||'''''A'''merican '''S'''amoa''
| In some countries, like Norway and Denmark, "[[Aksjeselskap|AS]]" or "[[Aktieselskab|A/S]]" is used as an abbreviation for stock-based or limited companies. Such companies will often make use of the domain. Also unofficially used by the Principality of [[Asturias]], Spain.
| || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|12 June 1997}}
|-
| [[.at]] || {{flag|Austria}} ||'''''A'''us'''t'''ria''
|
|[[Nic.at]]|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Mostly latin characters (à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ œ š ž), see<ref>{{cite web|title=IDN Zeichentabelle|url=https://www.nic.at/media/files/pdf/IDN_Zeichentabelle.pdf|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217025352/https://www.nic.at/media/files/pdf/IDN_Zeichentabelle.pdf|url-status=live|language=de}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|{{dts|20 January 1988}}
|-
| [[.au]] || {{flag|Australia}} ||'''''Au'''stralia''
| Restrictions apply. In general, registrants must have an "Australian presence", and can be registered anywhere between 1 and 5&nbsp;years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rules for .au Domains|url=https://www.auda.org.au/industry-information/au-domains/|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2019-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731104255/https://www.auda.org.au/industry-information/au-domains/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Includes [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]] and [[Coral Sea Islands]]. Direct second-level domain registration (marketed as ".au Direct") has been made available commencing 24 March 2022.<ref name=".au Direct">{{cite web|title=.au Direct|url=https://www.auda.org.au/au-domain-names/au-domain-names/au-direct|website=auDA.org.au|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211055953/https://www.auda.org.au/au-domain-names/au-domain-names/au-direct|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| [[.au Domain Administration|auDA]] || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} (*From 24 Mar 2022)<ref name=".au Direct"/> || {{yes}}
|{{dts|5 March 1986}}
|-
| [[.aw]] || {{flag|Aruba}} (Kingdom of the Netherlands)|| '''''A'''ruba, '''W'''est Indies'' || Restricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 February 1996}}
|-
| [[.ax]] || {{flag|Åland}} (Finland) || {{code|.al}} ''and'' {{code|.ad}} ''already allocated''||  
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 June 2006}}
|-
| [[.az]] || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || '''''Az'''erbaijan''|| Only for Residents. Has a [[WHOIS]]-Server.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{yes}}
|{{dts|25 August 1993}}
|- id="B"
| [[.ba]] || {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || '''''B'''osnia '''a'''nd Herzegovina''|| 
| [[University of Sarajevo]] - University tele-informatic Centre https://www.utic.unsa.ba https://www.nic.ba|| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 August 1996}}
|-
| [[.bb]] || {{flag|Barbados}} || '''''B'''ar'''b'''ados''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.bd]] || {{flag|Bangladesh}} || '''''B'''angla'''d'''esh''|| For individuals, registrant must have a valid NID. For companies, registrant must have company or trademark registered in Bangladesh.
| [[Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited]] || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|20 May 1999}}
|-
| [[.be]] || {{flag|Belgium}} || '''''Be'''lgium''|| Used for [[YouTube]]-related domains. Also unofficially used in the [[Canton of Bern]], [[Switzerland]].
| [[DNS Belgium]]|| {{yes|[[Latin script|Latin]]}}<ref name="idn.tables"/> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=DNS Belgium and IPv6|website=economie.fgov.be|url=http://economie.fgov.be/nl/binaries/Goelen_DNSBelgium_tcm325-257612.pdf#page=3|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402184754/http://economie.fgov.be/nl/binaries/Goelen_DNSBelgium_tcm325-257612.pdf#page=3|archive-date=2 April 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|5 August 1988}} {{small|(added to root zone)}}
|-
| [[.bf]] || {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || '''''B'''urkina '''F'''aso''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 March 1993}}
|-
| [[.bg]] || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || '''''B'''ul'''g'''aria''|| See also [[.бг]] ({{code|.bg}} in Cyrillic) for IDN ccTLD.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 January 1995}}
|-
| [[.bh]] || {{flag|Bahrain}} || '''''B'''a'''h'''rain''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|1 February 1994}}
|-
| [[.bi]] || {{flag|Burundi}} || '''''B'''urund'''i'''''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 October 1996}}
|-
| [[.bj]] || {{flag|Benin}} || {{code|.be}}, {{code|.bn}}, ''and'' {{code|.bi}} ''already allocated'' || 
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|18 January 1996}}
|-
| [[.bm]] || {{flag|Bermuda}} (United Kingdom) || '''''B'''er'''m'''uda''|| Local corporate registration required.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|March 1993}}
|-
| [[.bn]] || {{flag|Brunei}} || '''''B'''ru'''n'''ei''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1994}}
|-
| [[.bo]] || {{flag|Bolivia}} || '''''Bo'''livia''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|26 February 1991}}
|-
| [[.bq]] || {{flag|Caribbean Netherlands}} ({{BON}}, {{SAB}}, and {{EUS}}) || {{code|.be}} ''and'' {{code|.bs}} ''already allocated''||
| || ||  ||  ||
|{{dts|20 February 2010}}
|-
| [[.br]] || {{flag|Brazil}} || '''''Br'''asil'' (Portuguese)|| Restricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: {{code|.edu.br}} for higher education institutions, {{code|.gov.br}} for government agencies, etc.).<ref>{{cite web|title=Domínios .br|website=Registro.br|url=http://registro.br/dominio/dpn.html|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214092437/http://registro.br/dominio/dpn.html|url-status=live|language=pt}}</ref>
| || {{yes|Portuguese}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Domínios em Português e restrição de dados no WHOIS|date=4 May 2005|website=Registro.br|url=https://registro.br/noticias/dominios-portugues/|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=20 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620175506/https://registro.br/noticias/dominios-portugues/|url-status=live|language=pt}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{no}}{{efn-ua| Currently not allowed, but some higher-learning institutions were grandfathered-in.}} ||
|{{dts|18 April 1989}}
|-
| [[.bs]] || {{flag|Bahamas}} || '''''B'''ahama'''s'''''|| Also unofficially used in the [[Canton of Basel-Stadt]], [[Switzerland]].
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.bt]] || {{flag|Bhutan}} || '''''B'''hu'''t'''an''|| Must have local presence in Bhutan, and valid trade license.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Domain Registration|website=Nic.Bt|url=https://www.nic.bt/?page_id=2|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202182635/https://www.nic.bt/?page_id=2|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|16 July 1997}}
|-
| [[.bw]] || {{flag|Botswana}} || '''''B'''ots'''w'''ana''|| May also be used for the [[Walloon Brabant|Province of Walloon Brabant]], [[Wallonia]], [[Belgium]].
| || {{no}} || {{no}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=DNSViz probe 27 July 2022|website=dnsviz.net|url=https://dnsviz.net/d/bw/YuG9Ww/dnssec/|access-date=29 November 2022|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 March 1993}}
|-
| [[.by]] || {{flag|Belarus}} || ''[[BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian|'''By'''elorussia]]'' (Russian)|| Also unofficially used to denote Bayern (Bavaria), Germany.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|10 May 1994}}
|-
| [[.bz]] || {{flag|Belize}} || '''''B'''eli'''z'''e''|| Also unofficially used in the province of [[Bolzano|Bozen]] (or [[South Tyrol]], see ''[[.st]]'').
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|- id="C"
| [[.ca]] || {{flag|Canada}} || '''''Ca'''nada''|| Subject to [[.ca#Canadian Presence Requirements|Canadian Presence Requirements]]. Also unofficially used by some websites in the U.S. state of [[California]].
| [[Canadian Internet Registration Authority|CIRA]] || {{yes|[[French language|French]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=About internationalized domain names|website=Cira.ca|url=http://www.cira.ca/assets/Documents/Legal/IDN/faq.pdf|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314073702/https://cira.ca/assets/Documents/Legal/IDN/faq.pdf|archive-date=14 March 2016|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|14 May 1987}}
|-
| [[.cc]] || {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} || '''''C'''o'''c'''os Islands''|| Australian territory: not to be confused with [[Cocos Island (Guam)|Cocos Island]] in Guam. Currently marketed as global domain, registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required; the domain is currently operated by eNIC, a [[VeriSign]] company.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|13 October 1997}}
|-
| [[.cd]] || {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || '''''C'''ongo, '''D'''emocratic Republic'' || Also unofficially used for [[Compact disc]]-related domains.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 August 1997}}
|-
| [[.cf]] || {{flag|Central African Republic}} || '''''C'''entral A'''f'''rican Republic''||Was previously used as a free domain service to the public.
| [[Socatel|SOCATEL]]|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 April 1996}}
|-
| [[.cg]] || {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} || '''''C'''on'''g'''o''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 January 1997}}
|-
| [[.ch]] || {{flag|Switzerland}} || ''[[ISO 3166-2:CH|'''C'''onfoederatio '''H'''elvetica]]'' (Latin)||
| [[SWITCH Information Technology Services|SWITCH]]|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Since March&nbsp;2004, see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.ch/en/faq/idn.html|title=details|website=nic.ch|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2020-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510165154/https://www.nic.ch/support/idn/index.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 May 1987}}
|-
| [[.ci]] || {{flag|Ivory Coast}}||'''''C'''ôte d''''I'''voire'' (French)
|  
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 February 1995}}
|-
| [[.ck]] || {{flag|Cook Islands}} || '''''C'''oo'''k''' Islands''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 August 1995}}
|-
| [[.cl]] || {{flag|Chile}} || '''''C'''hi'''l'''e''||
| NIC Chile|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|15 December 1987}}
|-
| [[.cm]] || {{flag|Cameroon}} || '''''C'''a'''m'''eroon''|| A local entity or company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 April 1995}}
|-
| [[.cn]] || {{flag|People's Republic of China}} || '''''C'''hi'''n'''a''|| A local company in China is required to register a domain name, or for personal registrations a valid [[Resident Identity Card]]. See [[ICP license]] for more information regarding registrations. [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] also maintain TLDs.
Also unofficially used for [[Cartoon Network]]-related domains.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|28 November 1990}}
|-
| [[.co]] || {{flag|Colombia}} || '''''Co'''lombia''|| Marketed as a global domain. Anyone can register.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 December 1991}}
|-
| [[.cr]] || {{flag|Costa Rica}} || '''''C'''osta '''R'''ica''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|10 September 1990}}
|-
| [[.cu]] || {{flag|Cuba}} || '''''Cu'''ba''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.cv]] || {{flag|Cape Verde}} || '''''C'''ape '''V'''erde''||Also unofficially used for [[curriculum vitae]]-related domains.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 October 1996}}
|-
| [[.cw]] || {{flag|Curaçao}} (Kingdom of the Netherlands) || '''''C'''uraçao, '''W'''est Indies'' || 
| ||  || {{no}} || {{dunno}} ||
|{{dts|20 December 2010}}
|-
| [[.cx]] || {{flag|Christmas Island}} || '''C'''hristmas, '''X'''mas || Made infamous from [[Goatse.cx]].
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 April 1997}}
|-
| [[.cy]] || {{flag|Cyprus}} || '''''Cy'''prus''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Since July 1st, 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=DNSSEC (DNS Security) available from .cy Registry|website=nic.cy|url=https://www.nic.cy/portal/en/dnssec-dns-security-available-cy-registry|access-date=7 September 2023|language=en}}</ref>}}|| {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|26 July 1994}}
|-
| [[.cz]] || {{flag|Czech Republic}} || '''''Cz'''echia''||
| || {{no}}{{efn-ua| IDN not adopted due to lack of public and corporate interest<ref>{{cite web|title=CZ.NIC - IDN - Internationalized domain names|website=Nic.cz|url=http://www.nic.cz/page/451/idn---internationalized-domain-names/|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=8 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108073325/https://www.nic.cz/page/451/idn---internationalized-domain-names/|url-status=live|language=cs}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|13 January 1993}}
|- id="D"
| [[.de]] || {{flag|Germany}} || '''''De'''utschland'' (German) || German postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed.
|[[DENIC]] || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| 93&nbsp;non-ASCII characters, see<ref>{{cite web|title=details|website=denic.de|url=http://www.denic.de/en/domains/internationalized-domain-names/idn-conversion.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031161521/http://www.denic.de/en/domains/internationalized-domain-names/idn-conversion.html|archive-date=2010-10-31|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|5 November 1986}}
|-
| [[.dj]] || {{flag|Djibouti}} || '''''Dj'''ibouti''|| Also unofficially used by [[disc jockey]]s.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|22 May 1996}}
|-
| [[.dk]] || {{flag|Denmark}} || '''''D'''ans'''k''''' (Danish) ||
|Punktum DK || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| 1&nbsp;January 2004, support æ, ø, å, ö, ä, ü, & é: see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xn--5cab8c.dk-hostmaster.dk/|title=details|website=æøå.dk-hostmaster.dk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819134744/http://xn--5cab8c.dk-hostmaster.dk/|archive-date=19 August 2007|language=da}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|14 July 1987}}
|-
| [[.dm]] || {{flag|Dominica}} || '''''D'''o'''m'''inica''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.do]] || {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || '''''Do'''minican''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|25 August 1991}}
|-
| [[.dz]] || {{flag|Algeria}} || '''''Dz'''ayer ''(Algerian Arabic)||
| DZ NIC|| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 January 1994}}
|- id="E"
| [[.ec]] || {{flag|Ecuador}} || '''''Ec'''uador''|| In [[Japan]], "EC" is used as an acronym for "[[E-commerce|electronic commerce]]". Because of that, it's used unofficially by companies dedicated to provide online stores like BASE, a company that has two domains related to e-commerce: "base.in" and "official.ec".<!--both the original and archive URLs now lead to an irrelevant site<ref>{{Cite web|title=BASE (ベイス) {{!}} ネットショップを無料で簡単に作成|last=BASE|website=BASE (ベイス) {{!}} ネットショップを無料で簡単に作成|lang=ja-JP|url=https://thebase.in/|access-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508060214/https://thebase.in/|archive-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>-->
|Nic.ec 
| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|1 February 1991}}
|-
| [[.ee]] || {{flag|Estonia}} || '''''Ee'''sti'' (Estonian) ||
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN) starting from 13&nbsp;June 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN)|url=http://www.internet.ee/eng/news/estonian-domain-names-to-incorporate-diacritics-idn|access-date=5 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607055453/http://www.internet.ee/eng/news/estonian-domain-names-to-incorporate-diacritics-idn|archive-date=7 June 2012|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.eg]] || {{flag|Egypt}} || '''''Eg'''ypt''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|30 November 1990}}
|-
| [[.eh]] || {{flag|Western Sahara}} ||'''''E'''spañol Sa'''h'''ara'' and [[Saguia el-Hamra|''Saguía '''e'''l '''H'''amra'']] (Spanish)|| Unassigned.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|
|-
| [[.er]] || {{flag|Eritrea}} || '''''Er'''itrea''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 September 1996}}
|-
| [[.es]] || {{flag|Spain}} || '''''Es'''paña'' (Spanish) ||
| Red.es|| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Other applicable Regulations|website=dominios.es|url=https://www.dominios.es/dominios/en/todo-lo-que-necesitas-saber/normativa/otras-normas-aplicables#Sintaxis|access-date=7 January 2020|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105125712/https://www.dominios.es/dominios/en/todo-lo-que-necesitas-saber/normativa/otras-normas-aplicables#Sintaxis|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 April 1988}}
|-
| [[.et]] || {{flag|Ethiopia}} || '''''Et'''hiopia''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|15 October 1995}}
|-
| [[.eu]] || {{flag|European Union}} || '''''E'''uropean '''U'''nion''|| ''EU'' is an exceptionally reserved ISO 3166-1 code. Restricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Previously unofficially used for sites in the [[Basque language]], but now [[.eus]] is in official use.
| [[EURid]]|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Supported characters: Latin, Greek, & Cyrillic; see<ref>{{cite web|title=details|website=eurid.eu|url=http://www.eurid.eu/en/eu-domain-names/idns-eu/supported-unicode-characters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220121957/http://www.eurid.eu/en/eu-domain-names/idns-eu/supported-unicode-characters|archive-date=20 December 2012|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurid.eu/nl/node/26424|title=.eu and IPv6|website=EURid.eu|access-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016000052/http://www.eurid.eu/nl/node/26424|archive-date=16 October 2015|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|28 April 2005}}
|- id="F"
| [[.fi]] || {{flag|Finland}} || '''''Fi'''nland''|| Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required.
| [[Traficom]]|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua| September&nbsp;2005, supported characters: š, ž, å, ä, ö and Sami language; see<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.traficom.fi/en/communications/fi-domains/how-choose-good-domain-name|title=For fi domain applicants and users - How to choose a good domain name?|website=ficora.fi|date=14 May 2019|access-date=17 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411012955/https://www.traficom.fi/en/communications/fi-domains/how-choose-good-domain-name|archive-date=11 April 2021|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|17 December 1986}}
|-
| [[.fj]] || {{flag|Fiji}} || '''''F'''i'''j'''i''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.fk]] || {{flag|Falkland Islands}} (United Kingdom) || '''''F'''al'''k'''land''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|26 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.fm]] || {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}  || '''''F'''ederated States of '''M'''icronesia''|| Also unofficially used by [[FM radio]] stations, [[podcast]]s or related business.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 April 1995}}
|-
| [[.fo]] || {{flag|Faroe Islands}} (Kingdom of Denmark)|| '''''Fø'''royar'' (Faroese) ||
| FO Council|| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 May 1993}}
|-
| [[.fr]] || {{flag|France}} || '''''Fr'''ance''|| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.{{efn-ua|name="afnic"| (6 December 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=Opening to Europe of the .fr, .wf, .re, .yt, .pm, and .tf TLDs|url=http://www.afnic.fr/en/about-afnic/news/general-news/5442/show/1st-review-of-the-opening-to-europe-of-the-fr-wf-re-yt-pm-and-tf-tlds.html|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212070405/https://www.afnic.fr/en/about-afnic/news/general-news/5442/show/1st-review-of-the-opening-to-europe-of-the-fr-wf-re-yt-pm-and-tf-tlds.html|url-status=live|language=en}}<br/>Previously restricted to residents of the corresponding French territory.</ref>}} 
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}}<ref name="afnic-idn">{{cite web|title=Availability of IDN on the .fr, .yt, .pm, .wf, .tf, and .re TLDs|website=Afnic.fr|url=http://www.afnic.fr/en/products-and-services/idns-3.html|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806184723/https://www.afnic.fr/en/products-and-services/idns-3.html|archive-date=6 August 2014|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|2 September 1986}}
|- id="G"
| [[.ga]] || {{flag|Gabon}} || '''''Ga'''bon''|| Must have presence in Gabon or justify any other direct or indirect link with Gabon. Geographical names and names associated with public/government entities prohibited.
Was previously used as a free domain service to the public.
| ANINF|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|12 December 1994}}
|-
| [[.gd]] || {{flag|Grenada}} || '''''G'''rena'''d'''a''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.ge]] || {{flag|Georgia|Georgia (country)}} || '''''Ge'''orgia''|| Available for registration for residents of Georgia (unlimited) or for foreign companies via representation of any local legal person (one domain name per registrant).<ref>{{cite report|title=Rules and Conditions for GE Domain Names Registration|at=Article&nbsp;1.9|url=http://www.nic.net.ge/policy_en.pdf|website=nic.net.ge|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2014-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223003329/http://www.nic.net.ge/policy_en.pdf|url-status=live|language=ka}} Recent Georgian version has some updates not affecting this article.</ref>
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|2 December 1992}}
|-
| [[.gf]] || {{flag|French Guiana}} (France) ||| '''''G'''uyane '''F'''rançaise'' (French)||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || ||
|{{dts|25 July 1996}}
|-
| [[.gg]] || {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} || {{code|.gu}}, {{code|.gs}}, ''and'' {{code|.gy}} ''already allocated'' || Also unofficially used by video game-related websites (see [[GG (gaming)]]).
|Island Networks Ltd.
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 August 1996}}
|-
| [[.gh]] || {{flag|Ghana}} || '''''Gh'''ana''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|19 January 1995}}
|-
| [[.gi]] || {{flag|Gibraltar}} (United Kingdom) || '''''Gi'''braltar''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|5 December 1995}}
|-
| [[.gl]] || {{flag|Greenland}} (Kingdom of Denmark) || '''''G'''reen'''l'''and''|| Previously also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain, but [[.gal]] has now been approved for such use and was implemented in mid-2014.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.gm]] || {{flag|The Gambia}} || '''''G'''a'''m'''bia''|| Domain name should match the domain owner's name or trademarks. Common nouns are blocked.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|28 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.gn]] || {{flag|Guinea}} || '''''G'''ui'''n'''ea''|| A local contact is required.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|9 August 1994}}
|-
| [[.gp]] || {{flag|Guadeloupe|local}} (France) ||'''''G'''uadelou'''p'''e''
| Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 October 1996}}
|-
| [[.gq]] || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || '''''G'''uinée é'''q'''uatoriale'' (French) || Was previously used as a free domain service to the public.
| GETESA|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || ||
|{{dts|10 July 1997}}
|-
| [[.gr]] || {{flag|Greece}} || '''''Gr'''eece''||
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua|  Support for Greek characters since July&nbsp;2005; see<ref>{{cite web|url=https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/gr_char.jsp?lang=en|title=details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105214122/https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/gr_char.jsp?lang=en|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 February 1989}}
|-
| [[.gs]] || {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} (United Kingdom) || ''South '''G'''eorgia and the South '''S'''andwich Islands''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|31 July 1997}}
|-
| [[.gt]] || {{flag|Guatemala}} || '''''G'''ua'''t'''emala''||
| || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|{{dts|14 August 1992}}
|-
| [[.gu]] || {{flag|Guam}} (United States)|| '''''Gu'''am''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|15 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.gw]] || {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} ||'''''G'''ine-Bisaa'''w'''o'' (Fula)||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|4 February 1997}}
|-
| [[.gy]] || {{flag|Guyana}} || '''''G'''u'''y'''ana''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|13 September 1994}}
|- id="H"
| [[.hk]] || {{flag|Hong Kong}} || '''''H'''ong '''K'''ong''||
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 January 1990}}
|-
| [[.hm]] || {{flag|Heard Island and McDonald Islands}} || '''''H'''eard Island and '''M'''cDonald Islands''|| Unused for its intended purposes (islands are uninhabited and government sites instead use [[.aq]]); registry open to the public.
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 July 1997}}
|-
| [[.hn]] || {{flag|Honduras}} || '''''H'''o'''n'''duras''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|16 April 1993}}
|-
| [[.hr]] || {{flag|Croatia}} || '''''Hr'''vatska'' (Serbo-Croatian) <!-- At the time of the designation, the name of the language was still Serbo-Croatian -->||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|27 February 1993}} {{small|(in root zone)}}<br/>March 1993<ref name="JL">{{cite news |last=Novak |first=Tomislav |date=18 November 2016 |title=PRIJE 24 GODINE PET ENTUZIJASTA ODVELO NAS JE U 21. STOLJEĆE 'Ubili smo se od posla, ali i dobro zabavili. I svi su nas gledali u čudu' |language=hr |work=[[Jutarnji list]] |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/life/tehnologija/prije-24-godine-pet-entuzijasta-odvelo-nas-je-u-21.-stoljece-ubili-smo-se-od-posla-ali-i-dobro-zabavili.-i-svi-su-nas-gledali-u-cudu/5276691/ |access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[.ht]] || {{flag|Haiti}} || '''''H'''ai'''t'''i''||
| || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|6 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.hu]] || {{flag|Hungary}} || '''''Hu'''ngary''|| Limited to citizens of the [[European Union]] or entities established by law within the territory of the EU.
| || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Delegation Rules|publisher=The Council of Hungarian Internet Providers|url=http://www.domain.hu/domain/English/szabalyzat/szabalyzat.html|access-date=7 January 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001005246/http://domain.hu/domain/English/szabalyzat/szabalyzat.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 November 1990}}
|- id="I"
| [[.id]] || {{flag|Indonesia}} || '''''I'''n'''d'''onesia''|| Restricted to Indonesian companies ({{code|co.id}}), organisations ({{code|or.id}}), academic ({{code|ac.id}} & {{code|sch.id}}) and citizens ({{code|biz.id}}, {{code|my.id}} & {{code|web.id}}). Second-level domains are becoming available now and opened to general registration on 17&nbsp;August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shorter .id domain will be available in Indonesia next year|website=Tech in Asia|url=http://www.techinasia.com/shorter-id-domain-indonesia-year/|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=9 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509082225/https://www.techinasia.com/shorter-id-domain-indonesia-year|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| PANDI
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|27 February 1993}}
|-
| [[.ie]] || {{flag|Ireland}} || '''''I'''r'''e'''land''|| In 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of [[Ireland]] (including [[Northern Ireland]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Domain chaos spikes e-business ambitions|date=17 December 2002|website=Silicon Republic|url=http://www.siliconrepublic.com/strategy/item/368-domain-chaos-spikes-e-busin|access-date=30 December 2012|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000543/https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/domain-chaos-spikes-e-business-ambitions|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Information Technology Law: Professional practice guide|year=2004|page=23|publisher=Law Society of Ireland|location=Dublin, IE}}</ref>
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|27 January 1988}}<ref>[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ie.html IANA - .ie]</ref>
|-
| [[.il]] || {{flag|Israel}} || '''''I'''srae'''l'''''||
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{Yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 October 1985}}
|-
| [[.im]] || {{flag|Isle of Man}}|| '''''I'''sle of '''M'''an''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|11 September 1996}}
|-
| [[.in]] || {{flag|India}} || '''''In'''dia''|| Under [[INRegistry]] since April&nbsp;2005 (except for {{code|gov.in}}, {{code|nic.in}}, {{code|mil.in}}, {{code|ac.in}}, {{code|edu.in}}, and {{code|res.in}}). 
|NIXI<ref name="Registry.In">{{cite web|title=.IN is India's Country Code Top Level domain (ccTLD)|website=Registry.In|url=https://www.registry.in/|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2013-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234513/https://www.registry.in/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>|| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Now, get Internet domain names in regional languages|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/now-get-internet-domain-names-in-regional-languages/article23159540.ece|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217025408/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/now-get-internet-domain-names-in-regional-languages/article23159540.ece|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|{{dts|8 May 1989}}
|-
| [[.io]] || {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} (United Kingdom) || '''''I'''ndian '''O'''cean''|| Used unofficially by technology companies, startups, and web applications as IO can be an acronym for "input/output" that is useful for [[domain hack]]s.
|NIC.IO (run by [[Internet Computer Bureau]])
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|16 September 1997}}
|-
| [[.iq]] || {{flag|Iraq}} || '''''I'''ra'''q'''''||
| || {{no}} || {{partial}}{{efn-ua|name="dnssec"}}  || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|9 May 1997}} {{small|(in root zone)}}
|-
| [[.ir]] || {{flag|Iran}} || '''''Ir'''an''||
| [[.ir|IRNIC]]|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|6 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.is]] || {{flag|Iceland}} || '''''Ís'''land'' (Icelandic) ||Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example ''it.is'', ''that.is'', etc.).
| ISNIC|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|18 November 1987}}
|-
| [[.it]] || {{flag|Italy}} || '''''It'''aly''|| Restricted to companies and individuals in the [[European Union]].
| || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Idn: un successo|website=Nic.it|url=http://www.nic.it/tutto-sul.it/news/idn-un-successo|url-status=dead|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308180131/http://www.nic.it/tutto-sul.it/news/idn-un-successo|archive-date=8 March 2014|language=it}}</ref> || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=TLD DNSSEC Report|website=stats.research.icann.org|url=http://stats.research.icann.org/dns/tld_report/|access-date=15 May 2019|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325014841/http://stats.research.icann.org/dns/tld_report/|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|23 December 1987}} {{small|(in root zone)}}<br/>1 January 1988 {{small|(fully active)}}
|- id="J"
| [[.je]] || {{flag|Jersey}} || '''''Je'''rsey''||
| Island Networks Ltd.|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 August 1996}}
|-
| [[.jm]] || {{flag|Jamaica}} || '''''J'''a'''m'''aica''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|24 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.jo]] || {{flag|Jordan}} || '''''Jo'''rdan''||MoDEE is the registry and registrar for domain names under .jo &amp;ndash; both at the first level and second level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domain Name Registration |url=https://www.dns.jo/firstpageEn.aspx |url-status=live |access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref>
| Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship|| || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|23 November 1994}} {{small|(in root zone)}}
|-
| [[.jp]] || {{flag|Japan}} || '''''J'''a'''p'''an''|| Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan.
| [[Japan Registry Services]]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite news|first=Yasuhiro Orange|last=Morishita|date=2 September 2003|title=.JP technical update|series=RIPE&nbsp;46 General Meeting|website=jprs.jp|publisher=Japan Registry Service, Co., Ltd. (JPRS)|url=https://jprs.jp/tech/material/RIPE46-report-from-JP.pdf|access-date=2 April 2017|archive-date=11 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011222735/http://jprs.jp/tech/material/RIPE46-report-from-JP.pdf|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|5 August 1986}}
|- id="K"
| [[.ke]] || {{flag|Kenya}} || '''''Ke'''nya''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=DNSViz probe 15 September 2022|website=dnsviz.net|url=https://dnsviz.net/d/ke/YyNyeg/dnssec/|access-date=29 November 2022|language=en}}</ref> || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|29 April 1993}}
|-
| [[.kg]] || {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || '''''K'''yr'''g'''yzstan''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|12 July 1995}}
|-
| [[.kh]] || {{flag|Cambodia}} || '''''Kh'''mer'' || 
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|20 February 1996}}
|-
| [[.ki]] || {{flag|Kiribati}} || '''''K'''iribat'''i'''''||
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 April 1995}}
|-
| [[.km]] || {{flag|Comoros}} || '''''K'''o'''m'''ori'' (Comorian) ||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 June 1998}}
|-
| [[.kn]] || {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || ''Saint '''K'''itts and '''N'''evis''||
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.kp]] || {{flag|North Korea}} || '''''K'''orea, Democratic '''P'''eople's Republic''|| Restricted to companies, organizations, or government entities based in North Korea. Despite this, few domains are actually registered because of [[Internet in North Korea|internet censorship in North Korea]].
| || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
|{{dts|24 September 2007}}
|-
| [[.kr]] || {{flag|South Korea}} || '''''K'''orea, '''R'''epublic''|| 
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 September 1986}}
|-
| [[.kw]] || {{flag|Kuwait}} || '''''K'''u'''w'''ait''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|26 October 1992}}
|-
| [[.ky]] || {{flag|Cayman Islands}} (United Kingdom) || {{code|.ci}} ''and'' {{code|.cy}} ''already allocated''|| 
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 May 1995}}
|-
| [[.kz]] || {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || '''''K'''a'''z'''akhstan''|| "A prerequisite for server hardware is its physical location on the territory of the Republic of
Kazakhstan."<ref>{{cite web|title=Order of the Minister of Defense and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated March 13, 2018 No. 38/НҚ On approval of Rules for registration, use and allocation of domain names in the space of the Kazakhstan segment of the Internet|url=https://www.nic.kz/docs/main-rules-eng.pdf|access-date=15 March 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| [[.kz|KAZNIC]] || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 September 1994}}
|- id="L"
| [[.la]] || {{flag|Laos}} || '''''La'''os''|| Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|title=.LA - The Official .LA Registry|website=La|url=http://www.la/|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930223253/http://www.la/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 May 1996}}
|-
| [[.lb]] || {{flag|Lebanon}} || '''''L'''e'''b'''anon''|| Restricted to registration with companies in [[Lebanon]].
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|25 August 1993}}
|-
| [[.lc]] || {{flag|Saint Lucia}} ||''Saint '''L'''u'''c'''ia''|| 
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.li]] || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || '''''Li'''echtenstein''|| Also unofficially used by entities on [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]] or people with the last name [[Li (surname)|Li]]. In [[Russian Language|Russian]], ''li'' can be used to create domain names that mean a verb with a past tense plural ending ''li''&nbsp;.
| [[SWITCH Information Technology Services|SWITCH]]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|26 February 1993}}
|-
| [[.lk]] || {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || ''Sri '''L'''an'''k'''a'' || 
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|15 June 1990}}
|-
| [[.lr]] || {{flag|Liberia}} || '''''L'''ibe'''r'''ia''||
| ||  || {{partial}}{{efn-ua|name="dnssec"}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|9 April 1997}}
|-
| [[.ls]] || {{flag|Lesotho}} || '''''L'''e'''s'''otho''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|13 January 1993}}
|-
| [[.lt]] || {{flag|Lithuania}} || '''''L'''i'''t'''huania''||
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.lu]] || {{flag|Luxembourg}} || '''''Lu'''''xembourg||  Also unofficially used in [[Lucerne]], [[Switzerland]].
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|27 January 1995}}
|-
| [[.lv]] || {{flag|Latvia}} || '''''L'''at'''v'''ia''||
| [[IMCS UL]]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 April 1993}}
|-
| [[.ly]] || {{flag|Libya}} || '''''L'''ib'''y'''a''||Used unofficially as a domain hack for words ending in -ly.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|23 April 1997}}
|- id="M"
| [[.ma]] || {{flag|Morocco}} ||'''''Ma'''roc'' (French)||
| ||  || {{partial}}{{efn-ua|name="dnssec"}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|26 November 1993}}
|-
| [[.mc]] || {{flag|Monaco}} || '''''M'''ona'''c'''o''|| Only for companies with a trademark registered in Monaco.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 January 1995}}
|-
| [[.md]] || {{flag|Moldova}} || '''''M'''ol'''d'''ova''|| Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Moldova.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 March 1994}}
|-
| [[.me]] || {{flag|Montenegro}} || '''''M'''onten'''e'''gro'' || Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example ''love.me'', ''meet.me'', etc.).
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 September 2007}}
|-
| [[.mg]] || {{flag|Madagascar}} || '''''M'''ada'''g'''ascar''|| Restricted to registration with companies in [[Madagascar]].
| NIC-MG|| || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|25 July 1995}}
|-
| [[.mh]] || {{flag|Marshall Islands}} || '''''M'''ars'''h'''all''||Inactive.
| ||  || {{no}} || ||
|{{dts|16 August 1996}}
|-
| [[.mk]] || {{flag|North Macedonia}} || '''''M'''a'''k'''edonija'' (Macedonian) ||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|23 September 1993}}
|-
| [[.ml]] || {{flag|Mali}} || '''''M'''a'''l'''i''||Was previously used as a free domain service to the public.
| AGETIC|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 September 1993}}
|-
| [[.mm]] || {{flag|Myanmar}} || '''''M'''yan'''m'''ar''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|4 February 1997}}
|-
| [[.mn]] || {{flag|Mongolia}} || '''''M'''o'''n'''golia''|| The second-level domains {{code|.gov.mn}}, {{code|.org.mn}}, and {{code|.edu.mn}} are reserved for special use. See [[.mn]] for more information.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|2 March 1995}}
|-
| [[.mo]] || {{flag|Macau}} || '''''M'''aca'''o''''' || Registrants must have a registered business in Macau, with the same name as the domain they wish to register.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|17 September 1992}}
|-
| [[.mp]] || {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} (United States) || '''''M'''arianas '''P'''acific'' || 
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|22 October 1996}}
|-
| [[.mq]] || {{flag|Martinique|local}} (France) || '''''M'''artini'''q'''ue'' (French)||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|28 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.mr]] || {{flag|Mauritania}} || '''''M'''au'''r'''itania''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 April 1996}}
|-
| [[.ms]] || {{flag|Montserrat}} (United Kingdom) || '''''M'''ont'''s'''errat''|| Also unofficially used for [[Microsoft]]-related domains.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|6 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.mt]] || {{flag|Malta}} || '''''M'''al'''t'''a''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|2 December 1992}}
|-
| [[.mu]] || {{flag|Mauritius}} || '''''M'''a'''u'''ritius''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|6 October 1995}}
|-
| [[.mv]] || {{flag|Maldives}} || '''''M'''aldi'''v'''es''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|25 September 1996}}
|-
| [[.mw]] || {{flag|Malawi}} || '''''M'''ala'''w'''i''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 January 1997}}
|-
| [[.mx]] || {{flag|Mexico}} || '''''M'''e'''x'''ico''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|1 February 1989}}
|-
| [[.my]] || {{flag|Malaysia}} || '''''M'''ala'''y'''sia''|| Restricted to registration by individuals or companies in [[Malaysia]].
| MYNIC|| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=.my Domain Registry|website=Domainregistry.my|url=http://domainregistry.my/en/news.php?id=121|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522202213/http://domainregistry.my/en/news.php?id=121|archive-date=22 May 2013|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 June 1987}}
|-
| [[.mz]] || {{flag|Mozambique}} || '''''M'''o'''z'''ambique''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|4 September 1992}}
|- id="N"
| [[.na]] || {{flag|Namibia}} || '''''Na'''mibia''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 May 1991}}
|-
| [[.nc]] || {{flag|New Caledonia}} ([[France]])|| '''''N'''ew '''C'''aledonia''|| Restricted to companies that have a New Caledonian Business Registration Certificate or individuals living in New Caledonia for at least 6&nbsp;months.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|13 October 1993}}
|-
| [[.ne]] || {{flag|Niger}} || '''''N'''ig'''e'''r''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|24 April 1996}}
|-
| [[.nf]] || {{flag|Norfolk Island}} || '''''N'''or'''f'''olk''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|18 March 1996}}
|-
| [[.ng]] || {{flag|Nigeria}} || '''''N'''i'''g'''eria''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|15 March 1995}}
|-
| [[.ni]] || {{flag|Nicaragua}} || '''''Ni'''caragua''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|13 October 1989}}
|-
| [[.nl]] || {{flag|Netherlands}} || '''''N'''eder'''l'''and'' (Dutch)|| First active country-code domain outside the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sidn.nl/en/about-sidn/our-milestones|title=our milestones|website=sidn.nl|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2020-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001755/https://www.sidn.nl/en/about-sidn/our-milestones|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| [[.nl|Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland]] || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|25 April 1986}}
|-
| [[.no]] || {{flag|Norway}} || '''''No'''rway''|| Businesses and professionals must be registered as an approved type of organization in the Brønnøysund Register Centre. Individual applicants must be of age (18&nbsp;years) and be registered in Folkeregisteret. All applicants must have a Norwegian postal address.
| [[Norid]]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|17 March 1987}}
|-
| [[.np]] || {{flag|Nepal}} || '''''N'''e'''p'''al''|| All {{code|.np}} domains are free to register for individuals and registered businesses but documents are necessary for verification. Foreign businesses must provide proof of local presence in Nepal.<ref>{{cite web|title=
Nepal's official .np Domain Registration
|website=register.com.np|url=https://register.com.np/registry-policy|language=en}}</ref> 
| Mercantile Communications|| || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|25 January 1995}}
|-
| [[.nr]] || {{flag|Nauru}} || '''''N'''au'''r'''u''|| Was previously used as a free domain service to the public as {{code|co.nr}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Free Domain Name Pro|website=freedomain.pro|url=https://www.freedomain.pro/news.php|access-date=4 June 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603223630/https://www.freedomain.pro/news.php|archive-date=3 June 2018|language=en}}</ref>
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|30 March 1998}}
|-
| [[.nu]] || {{flag|Niue}} || '''''N'''i'''u'''e''|| Commonly used by Danish, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish websites, as in their respective languages "nu" means or implies "now".
| [[The Swedish Internet Foundation]]|| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iis.se/docs/nu_teckentabell-01.pdf|title=nu teckentabell|website=iis.se|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407182055/https://www.iis.se/docs/nu_teckentabell-01.pdf|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|20 June 1997}}
|-
| [[.nz]] || {{flag|New Zealand}} || '''''N'''ew '''Z'''ealand''||
| || {{yes|[[Māori language|Māori]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F.A.Q. for Domain Names with macrons (IDNs)|series=.nz Domain Name Commission|url=http://www.dnc.org.nz/story/faq-domain-names-macrons-idns|access-date=26 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605052819/http://dnc.org.nz/story/faq-domain-names-macrons-idns|archive-date=5 June 2010|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=second level domains|website=dnc.org.nz|url=http://dnc.org.nz/content/secondleveldomains.html|access-date=17 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113055836/http://dnc.org.nz/content/secondleveldomains.html|archive-date=13 January 2015|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}}
|{{dts|19 January 1987}}
|- id="O"
| [[.om]] || {{flag|Oman}} || '''''Om'''an''|| Registrant must have company or trademark registered in [[Oman]] as well as a local administrative contact.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|11 April 1996}}
|- id="P"
| [[.pa]] || {{flag|Panama}} || '''''Pa'''nama''|| Some use in [[Pennsylvania]].
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|25 May 1994}}
|-
| [[.pe]] || {{flag|Peru}} || '''''Pe'''ru''||Also unofficially used for [[Private equity|Private Equity]]-related businesses.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|25 November 1991}}
|-
| [[.pf]] || {{flag|French Polynesia}} (France)|| '''''P'''olynésie '''f'''rançaise'' (French)  || With [[Clipperton Island]].
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 March 1996}}
|-
| [[.pg]] || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || '''''P'''apua New '''G'''uinea''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|26 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.ph]] || {{flag|Philippines}} || '''Ph'''ilippines||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 September 1990}}
|-
| [[.pk]] || {{flag|Pakistan}} || '''''P'''a'''k'''istan''|| Operated by [[PKNIC]] since 1992.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 June 1992}}
|-
| [[.pl]] || {{flag|Poland}} || '''''P'''o'''l'''and''||
| || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=IDN intro www.dns.pl|url=http://www.dns.pl/IDN/idn_intro_eng.html|access-date=11 September 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030810172942/http://www.dns.pl/IDN/idn_intro_eng.html|archive-date=10 August 2003|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|30 July 1990}}
|-
| [[.pm]] || {{flag|Saint-Pierre and Miquelon}} (France) ||''Saint '''P'''ierre and '''M'''iquelon''|| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]], and [[Liechtenstein]].{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}}
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|{{dts|20 August 1997}}
|-
| [[.pn]] || {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} (United Kingdom) || '''''P'''itcair'''n'''''|| As a part of a marketing campaign, [[Lionsgate]] used the TLD for some (now defunct) sites related to ''[[The Hunger Games (film series)|The Hunger Games]]'' franchise, presenting it as the "official" country code of the fictional nation of [[Fictional world of The Hunger Games#Panem|Panem]]; notable sites included thecapitol.pn and revolution.pn.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|10 July 1997}}
|-
| [[.pr]] || {{flag|Puerto Rico}} (United States) || '''''P'''uerto '''R'''ico''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|27 August 1989}}
|-
| [[.ps]] || {{flag|Palestine}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ps.html|title=Delegation Record for .PS|website=Iana.org|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302155919/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ps.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || '''''P'''ale'''s'''tine''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|22 March 2000}}
|-
| [[.pt]] || {{flag|Portugal}} || '''''P'''or'''t'''ugal''||
| || {{yes|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]}}  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dns.pt/web/guest/content-display?content=2357237|title=Notícias|website=Dns.pt|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024122416/https://www.dns.pt/web/guest/content-display?content=2357237|archive-date=24 October 2014|language=pt}}</ref>
|{{dts|30 June 1988}}
|-
| [[.pw]] || {{flag|Palau}} || '''''P'''ele'''w''''' (archaic English spelling) ||
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Registrars|publisher=Poets & Writers|website=Registry.PW|url=http://registry.pw/registrars/|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724184431/https://registry.pw/registrars/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|12 June 1997}}
|-
| [[.py]] || {{flag|Paraguay}} || '''''P'''aragua'''y'''''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|9 September 1991}}
|- id="Q"
| [[.qa]] || {{flag|Qatar}} || '''''Qa'''tar''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|12 June 1996}}
|- id="R"
| [[.re]] || {{flag|Réunion|local}} (France) || '''''Ré'''union''|| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]], and [[Liechtenstein]].{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}}
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}}<ref name="afnic-idn"/> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 April 1997}}
|-
| [[.ro]] || {{flag|Romania}} || '''''Ro'''mania''||
| || {{yes}}<ref name="romania top lvl">{{cite web|url=http://rotld.ro/portal/news/ro/40/index.html|title=Romania Top Level Domain|website=Rotld.ro|access-date=8 January 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831231907/http://rotld.ro/portal/news/ro/40/index.html|archive-date=31 August 2016|language=ro}}</ref> || {{yes}}<ref name="romania top lvl"/>|| {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref name="romania top lvl"/>
|{{dts|26 February 1993}}
|-
| [[.rs]] || {{flag|Serbia}} || '''''R'''epublic of '''S'''erbia'' || See also [[.срб]] (.srb in Cyrillic). Also unofficially used for [[Rust (programming language)]]-related domains.
| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|24 September 2007}} {{small|(in root zone)}}<br/>10 March 2008 {{small|(registrations)}}
|-
| [[.ru]] || {{flag|Russia}} || '''''Ru'''ssia''|| See also [[.su]], still in use, and [[.рф]], for IDN.
| || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|7 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.rw]] || {{flag|Rwanda}} || '''''Rw'''anda''||
| RICTA|| || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|21 October 1996}}
|- id="S"
| [[.sa]] || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || '''''S'''audi '''A'''rabia''|| Registrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beginning of the Landrush phase of second level domain under (.sa)|website=nic.sa|url=http://nic.sa/en/view/news_131|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2018-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030012506/http://nic.sa/en/view/news_131|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> 
| || {{yes|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]}}<ref name="idn.tables"/> || {{yes}}<ref name="nic.sa">{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.sa/en/view/news_164|title=DNSSEC is Officially Enabled in Saudi Arabia's TLD|website=Nic.sa|date=22 June 2017|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=30 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030022341/http://www.nic.sa/en/view/news_164|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.sa/docs/lectures_and_presentations/IPv6-SaudiNIC_2012.pdf|title=Saudi NIC|id=IPv6|year=2012|website=nic.sa|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2014-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410073348/http://nic.sa/docs/lectures_and_presentations/IPv6-SaudiNIC_2012.pdf|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|17 May 1994}}
|-
| [[.sb]] || {{flag|Solomon Islands}} || '''''S'''olomon Islands, '''B'''ritish'' ||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|19 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.sc]] || {{flag|Seychelles}} || '''''S'''ey'''c'''helles''||Also unofficially used for [[Snapchat]]-related domains.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|9 May 1997}}
|-
| [[.sd]] || {{flag|Sudan}} || '''''S'''u'''d'''an''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|6 March 1997}}
|-
| [[.se]] || {{flag|Sweden}} || '''''S'''verig'''e''''' (Swedish)||
| [[The Swedish Internet Foundation]]|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua| October&nbsp;2003, for [[Swedish language|Swedish]] characters, summer&nbsp;2007 also for [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Meänkieli]], [[Romani language|Romani]], [[Sami languages|Sami]], and [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]; see<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iis.se/docs/teckentabell-04.pdf|title=details|website=iis.se|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2018-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927153814/https://www.iis.se/docs/teckentabell-04.pdf|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>}}  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|4 September 1986}}
|-
| [[.sg]] || {{flag|Singapore}} || '''''S'''in'''g'''apore''|| Also unofficially used in the [[Canton of St. Gallen]], [[Switzerland]].
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 October 1988}}
|-
| [[.sh]] || {{flagicon|Saint Helena}}{{flagicon|Tristan da Cunha}} [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] (United Kingdom) || '''''S'''aint '''H'''elena''||
Also unofficially used by  [[Canton of Schaffhausen]] in [[Switzerland]]
|NIC.SH (run by [[Internet Computer Bureau]])
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.sh/SH-IDN-Policy.pdf|title=IDN Code Points Policy for the .SH Top Level Domain|website=Nic.sh|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925073224/http://www.nic.sh/SH-IDN-Policy.pdf|archive-date=25 September 2014|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|23 September 1997}}
|-
| [[.si]] || {{flag|Slovenia}} || '''''S'''loven'''i'''a''||
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Since October&nbsp;2010, see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.registry.si/idn.html|title=details|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016000052/http://www.registry.si/idn.html|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|1 April 1992}}
|-
| [[.sk]] || {{flag|Slovakia}} || '''''S'''lovens'''k'''''o (Slovak)|| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]], and [[Liechtenstein]].{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}}
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|29 March 1993}}
|-
| [[.sl]] || {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || '''''S'''ierra '''L'''eone''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|9 May 1997}}
|-
| [[.sm]] || {{flag|San Marino}} || '''''S'''an '''M'''arino''|| Domain name must be same as company name or trademark.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|16 August 1995}}
|-
| [[.sn]] || {{flag|Senegal}} || '''''S'''e'''n'''egal''|| Registration allowed for companies only. Individuals are not allowed to register.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|19 March 1993}}
|-
| [[.so (domain name)|.so]] || {{flag|Somalia}} || '''''So'''malia''|| Relaunched on 1&nbsp;November 2010.
| SONIC|| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|28 August 1997}}
|-
| [[.sr]] || {{flag|Suriname}} || '''''S'''u'''r'''iname''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.ss]] || {{flag|South Sudan}} || '''''S'''outh '''S'''udan''||
| SSNIC<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – NIC – South Sudan |url=https://nic.ss/about-us/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref>|| || {{yes}} || ||
|{{dts|10 August 2011}} {{small|(allocated)}}<br/>2 February 2019 {{small|(root zone)}}
|-
| [[.st]] || {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || '''''S'''ão '''T'''omé''|| Also unofficially used in [[South Tyrol]] (or province of [[Bolzano|Bozen]], see ''[[.bz]]'') and [[Styria]].
| || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 November 1997}}
|-
| [[.su]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || '''''S'''oviet '''U'''nion''|| Still in use. Also unofficially used by [[Student Union]]s.
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| ({{As of|2008|alt=28 April 2008}}) see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fid.su/english/?newsid=1207819620|title=details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519015457/http://www.fid.su/english/?newsid=1207819620|archive-date=19 May 2014|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cctld.su/|title=ccTLD.su|access-date=23 February 2015|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612101349/http://cctld.su/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
|{{dts|19 September 1990}}
|-
| [[.sv]] || {{flag|El Salvador}} || '''''S'''al'''v'''ador''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|4 November 1994}}
|-
| [[.sx]] || {{flag|Sint Maarten}} (Kingdom of the Netherlands) ||{{code|.sm}}'','' {{code|.ma}}'', and ''{{code|.mt}} ''already allocated''; airport code is [[Princess Juliana International Airport|'''SX'''M]].|| 
| [[Canadian Internet Registration Authority|CIRA]]|| || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|20 December 2010}}
|-
| [[.sy]] || {{flag|Syria|revolution}} || '''''Sy'''ria''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 February 1996}}
|-
| [[.sz]] || {{flag|Eswatini}} || '''''S'''wa'''z'''iland'' || Registration is restricted to Eswatini organizations with Eswatini Trading Licenses.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|19 July 1993}}
|- id="T"
| [[.tc]] || {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} (United Kingdom) || '''''T'''urks and '''C'''aicos''
| Also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' (Republic of Turkey) is TC.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|27 January 1997}}
|-
| [[.td]] || {{flag|Chad}} || '''''T'''cha'''d''''' (French) || Available for registration to entities connected with Chad only.
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 November 1997}}
|-
| [[.tf]] || {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} || '''''T'''erres australes et antarctiques '''f'''rançaises'' (French) || Seldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. The domain also sees frequent use for community-run sites related to the video game ''[[Team Fortress 2]]''.{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}}
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}}<ref name="afnic-idn"/> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|26 August 1997}}
|-
| [[.tg]] || {{flag|Togo}} || '''''T'''o'''g'''o''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|5 September 1996}}
|-
| [[.th]] || {{flag|Thailand}} || '''''Th'''ai''||
| THNIC || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 September 1988}}
|-
| [[.tj]] || {{flag|Tajikistan}} || '''''T'''a'''j'''ik''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|11 December 1997}}
|-
| [[.tk]] || {{flag|Tokelau}} || '''''T'''o'''k'''elau''||Was previously used as a free domain service to the public.
| Dot TK|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 November 1997}}
|-
| [[.tl]] || {{flag|East Timor}} || '''''T'''imor-'''L'''este'' || Previous code [[.tp]] has been deactivated since 2015.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|23 March 2005}}
|-
| [[.tm]] || {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || '''''T'''urk'''m'''en''||
| || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.tm/TM-IDN-Policy.pdf|title=IDN Code Points Policy for the .TM Top Level Domain|website=Nic.tm|url-status=dead|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217131925/http://nic.tm/TM-IDN-Policy.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2015|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|30 May 1997}}
|-
| [[.tn]] || {{flag|Tunisia}} || '''''T'''u'''n'''isia''||
| ||{{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|17 May 1991}}
|-
| [[.to]] || {{flag|Tonga}} || '''''To'''nga''|| Often used unofficially for [[BitTorrent (protocol)|Torrent]], [[Turin]] (''Torino'' in Italian), [[Toronto]], [[Tokyo]], or [[Tocantins]], and also as a [[domain hack]] in [[Slavic languages]] (''to'' meaning ''it'').
| || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|18 December 1995}}
|-
| [[.tr]] || {{flag|Turkey}} || '''''T'''u'''r'''key''|| ''.ct.tr'' and ''.nc.tr'' used by [[Northern Cyprus]].
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| 14&nbsp;November 2006; see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nic.tr/|website=nic.tr|title=details|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905031358/http://www.nic.tr/|url-status=live|language=tr}}</ref>}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| 21&nbsp;July 2015; see<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/whois?q=.tr|title=details|website=iana.org|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2022-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808185900/https://www.iana.org/whois?q=.tr|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>}}
|{{dts|17 September 1990}}
|-
| [[.tt]] || {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || '''''T'''rinidad and '''T'''obago''
|
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.tv]] || {{flag|Tuvalu}} || '''''T'''u'''v'''alu''|| Used as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by [[GoDaddy]]; with sponsorship of the Tuvalu government.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|18 March 1996}}
|-
| [[.tw]] || {{TWN}}|| '''''T'''ai'''w'''an''|| Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with [[ISO 3166-1]], IANA's official position is that "TW" is "designated for use to represent Taiwan, Province of China".<ref>{{cite web|title=IANA — Report on the Delegation of the .台灣 and .台湾 ("Taiwan") domains representing Taiwan in Chinese to Taiwan Network Information Center|website=Iana.org|url=https://www.iana.org/reports/2010/taiwan-report-07jun2010.html|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050843/http://www.iana.org/reports/2010/taiwan-report-07jun2010.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
| || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Traditional [[Chinese characters]]: see<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twnic.net.tw/|title=details|website=twnic.net.tw|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928104336/http://www.twnic.net.tw/|url-status=live|language=zh}}</ref>}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|31 July 1989}}
|-
| [[.tz]] || {{flag|Tanzania}} || '''''T'''an'''z'''ania''|| TLD registrations allowed as of July 2022, no local presence in Tanzania required.
| TCRA|| || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|14 July 1995}}
|- id="U"
| [[.ua]] || {{flag|Ukraine}} || '''''U'''kr'''a'''ine'' || Registrations in TLD are restricted to trademark holders only; SLD registrations are open
| Hostmaster Ltd.|| {{yes}}{{efn-ua|name="idn-ua"|IDN domain names available in some .UA subdomains since June 2012|cite web|url=https://www.hostmaster.ua/idn/?reglament}} || {{yes}}{{efn-ua|name="dnssec-ua"|.UA secure delegations available since October 2019|cite web|url=https://www.hostmaster.ua/dnssec/}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|1 December 1992}}
|-
| [[.ug]] || {{flag|Uganda}} || '''''Ug'''anda''||
| Uganda Online Ltd.|| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|8 March 1995}}
|-
| {{Anchor|uk}}[[.uk]] || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || '''''U'''nited '''K'''ingdom''|| The [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]] code for the United Kingdom is ''GB'' (for '''''G'''reat '''B'''ritain''). ''UK'' is an exceptionally reserved ISO 3166-1 code. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the [[ISO 3166-1]] list of ccTLDs and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.<ref name="Milton Mueller 2002 79">{{cite book|first=Milton|last=Mueller|year=2002|title=Ruling the Root: Internet governance and the taming of cyberspace|page=79|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=9780262632980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&pg=PA79|via=Google Books|access-date=2020-11-10|archive-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008111747/https://books.google.com/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&pg=PA79|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Nominet UK]]||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|{{dts|24 July 1985}}
|-
| [[.us]] || {{flag|United States of America}} || '''''U'''nited '''S'''tates''|| Registrants must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Formerly commonly used by [[List of United States state legislatures#External links|U.S. State]] and [[Local government in the United States|local governments]]; see also [[.gov]] TLD.
|[[Go Daddy]]||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|15 February 1985}}
|-
| [[.uy]] || {{flag|Uruguay}} || '''''U'''rugua'''y'''''|| 2LD rollout began on 10&nbsp;July 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=New rules for the registration of domain names under UY|url=http://www.nic.org.uy/Registrar/DescripcionNuevoSistemaRegistro.pdf|website=Nic.org.uy|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=14 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714071906/http://www.nic.org.uy/Registrar/DescripcionNuevoSistemaRegistro.pdf|url-status=live|language=es}}</ref>
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|10 September 1990}}
|-
| [[.uz]] || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || '''''Uz'''bekistan''||
| [[UZINFOCOM|Uzinfocom]]|| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|29 April 1995}}
|- id="V"
| [[.va]] || {{flag|Vatican City}} || '''''Va'''tican''|| Limited to the official sites of the [[Holy See]] (including those of the [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]]).
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|11 September 1995}} {{small|(root zone)}}
|-
| [[.vc]] || {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || '''''V'''in'''c'''ent'' || 
| ||  || {{partial}}{{efn-ua|name="dnssec"| Delegation Signer (DS) record in a root zone has not yet been published.}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}
|-
| [[.ve]] || {{flag|Venezuela}} ||  '''''Ve'''nezuela''|| Registration is at the third level.
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|7 March 1991}}
|-
| [[.vg]] || {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} (United Kingdom) || '''''V'''ir'''g'''in Islands'' || 
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|20 February 1997}}
|-
| [[.vi]] || {{flag|United States Virgin Islands}} (United States)|| '''''V'''irgin '''I'''slands'' || 
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|31 August 1995}}
|-
| [[.vn]] || {{flag|Vietnam}} || '''''V'''iet '''N'''am'' (Vietnamese)||
| || {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vnnic.net.vn/tenmientv/bangma.htm|title=Trung tâm internet Viêt Nam – Tên mien tieng viet|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123180350/http://www.vnnic.net.vn/tenmientv/bangma.htm|archive-date=23 January 2007|language=vi}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 April 1994}}
|-
| [[.vu]] || {{flag|Vanuatu}} || '''''V'''anuat'''u'''''||
| ||  || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|10 April 1995}}
|- id="W"
| [[.wf]] || {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} || '''''W'''allis and '''F'''utuna''
| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]], and [[Liechtenstein]].{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}}
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}}<ref name="afnic-idn"/> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 November 1997}}
|-
| [[.ws]] || {{flag|Samoa}} || '''''W'''estern '''S'''amoa'' || Marketed for use in general websites.
| || {{yes}} || {{Yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://domain.me/me-is-all-about-you-and-all-about-security-with-dnssec/|title=.ME IS ALL ABOUT YOU – AND ALL ABOUT SECURITY – WITH DNSSEC|website=Domain.me|date=15 December 2010|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612083210/https://domain.me/me-is-all-about-you-and-all-about-security-with-dnssec/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|14 July 1995}}
|- id="Y"
| [[.ye]] || {{flag|Yemen}} || '''''Ye'''men''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|19 August 1996}}
|-
| [[.yt]] || {{flag|Mayotte}} ||''Ma'''y'''o'''t'''te''|| Restricted to individuals and companies in the [[European Union]], [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]] and [[Liechtenstein]].{{efn-ua|name="afnic"}} Also unofficially used for [[YouTube]]-related domains.
| [[AFNIC]]|| {{yes}}<ref name="afnic-idn"/> || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|17 November 1997}}
|- id="Z"
| [[.za]] || {{flag|South Africa}} || '''''Z'''uid-'''A'''frika ''(Dutch) || .za derives from the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] name of the country, even though Dutch is no longer an official language of South Africa.
| [[ZADNA|ZA Domain Name Authority]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Root Zone Database|url=http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214064636/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db|archive-date=2023-02-14|access-date=2023-02-14|website=[[ICANN]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=za-icann-letters-14feb08-en.pdf|url=https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/za-icann-letters-14feb08-en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214065010/https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/za-icann-letters-14feb08-en.pdf|archive-date=2023-02-14|access-date=2023-02-14|website=[[ICANN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=.za Domain Delegation Data|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/za.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214071137/https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/za.html|archive-date=2023-02-14|access-date=2023-02-14|website=[[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]|language=en}}</ref>|| || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|{{dts|7 November 1990}}
|-
| [[.zm]] || {{flag|Zambia}} || '''''Z'''a'''m'''bia''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{yes}}{{efn-ua| Restricted to [[Internet service provider|ISP]]s and other undefined entities. See [[.zm]]&nbsp;.}} ||
|{{dts|25 March 1994}}
|-
| [[.zw]] || {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || '''''Z'''imbab'''w'''e''||
| ||  || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|{{dts|6 November 1991}}
|}

;Table Notes:
{{notelist-ua|22em}}

===Internationalized ccTLDs===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable sticky-header"
|+ Internationalized country code top-level domains<ref name=string-evaluation-completion>{{cite web|title=String evaluation completion|series=Resources|date=2014-02-19|publisher=[[ICANN]]|website=Icann.org|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/string-evaluation-completion-2014-02-19-en|access-date=28 January 2025|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017110723/https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/string-evaluation-completion-2014-02-19-en|archive-date=17 October 2014|language=en}}</ref>
|- style="background:#a0d0ff;"
! DNS name
! IDN ccTLD
! Country/Region
! Language
! Script
! Transliteration
! Comments
! Other ccTLD
! [[Domain Name System Security Extensions|DNSSEC]]
|-
| xn--lgbbat1ad8j || dir="auto" | [[.الجزائر]] || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || al-Jazā'ir || || [[.dz]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--y9a3aq || dir="auto" | [[.հայ]] || {{flag|Armenia}} || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]] || hay || || [[.am]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a || dir="auto" | [[.البحرين]] || {{flag|Bahrain}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] || al-Baḥrain || Not in use || [[.bh]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--54b7fta0cc || dir="auto" | [[.বাংলা]] || {{flag|Bangladesh}} || [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] || Bangla ||  || [[.bd]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--90ais || dir="auto" | [[.бел]] || {{flag|Belarus}} || [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] || bel || || [[.by]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--90ae || dir="auto" | [[.бг]]<ref name=cctld_second_review>{{cite web|title=ccTLD applicants who have requested the second and final review|series=EPSRP reports|date=2014-10-14|publisher=[[ICANN]]|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/epsrp-reports-2014-10-14-en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115551/https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/epsrp-reports-2014-10-14-en|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] || bg || || [[.bg]] || {{yes}}
|-
|xn--fiqs8s || dir="auto" | [[.中国]] || {{flag|China|People's Republic of China}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]]) || [[Pinyin|Zhōngguó]] || || [[.cn]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--fiqz9s || dir="auto" | [[.中國]] || {{flag|China|People's Republic of China}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]) || [[Pinyin|Zhōngguó]] || || [[.cn]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--wgbh1c || dir="auto" | [[Masr (domain name)|.مصر]] || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Miṣr / Maṣr<ref>{{cite web|title=دوت مصر ::: الصفحة الرئيسية
|website=Dotmasr.eg|url=http://www.dotmasr.eg/|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807064313/http://www.dotmasr.eg/|archive-date=7 August 2013|language=ar}}</ref>|| || [[.eg]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--e1a4c || dir="auto" | [[.ею]] || {{flag|European Union}} || [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] || eyu || || [[.eu]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--qxa6a || dir="auto" | [[.ευ]] || {{flag|European Union}} || [[Greek language|Greek]] || [[Greek script|Greek]] || ey || In use since 2022 || [[.eu]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--node || dir="auto" | [[.გე]] || {{flag|Georgia}} || [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || [[Georgian scripts|Georgian]] ([[Mkhedruli]]) || GE || || [[.ge]] || {{no}} 
|-
| xn--qxam || dir="auto" | {{lang|el|[[.ελ]]}}<ref name=cctld_second_review/> || {{flag|Greece}} || [[Greek language|Greek]] || [[Greek script|Greek]] || el || In use since July&nbsp;2018 || [[.gr]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--j6w193g || dir="auto" | [[.香港]] || {{flag|Hong Kong}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]] and [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]) || [[Jyutping|Hoeng<sup>1</sup> gong<sup>2</sup>]] / [[Pinyin|Xiānggǎng]]|| || [[.hk]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--h2brj9c || dir="auto" | [[.भारत]]  || {{flag|India}} || [[Hindi language|Hindi]] || [[Devanagari]] || Bhārat || Became available 27&nbsp;August 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Launch of .भारत domain name in Devanagari script by Hon'ble MCIT and Law & Justice Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad|website=Registry.in|url=https://registry.in/node/882|access-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009091414/https://registry.in/node/882|archive-date=9 October 2014|language=en}}</ref> || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbbh1a71e || dir="auto" | [[.بھارت]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Urdu]] || [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] ([[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]) || Bhārat || Became available 2017 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--fpcrj9c3d || dir="auto" | [[.భారత్]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || [[Telugu alphabet|Telugu]] || Bhārat || Became available 2017 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--gecrj9c || dir="auto" | [[.ભારત]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] || Bhārat || Became available 2017 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--s9brj9c || dir="auto" | [[.ਭਾਰਤ]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || [[Gurmukhī alphabet|Gurmukhī]] || Bhārat || Became available 2017 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h || dir="auto" | [[.இந்தியா]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[Tamil alphabet|Tamil]] || Intiyā || Became available 2015 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--45brj9c || dir="auto" | [[.ভারত]] || {{flag|India}} || [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] || Bharôt || Became available 2017 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--2scrj9c || dir="auto" | [[.ಭಾರತ]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] || Kannada || Bhārata || Became available 2020 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--rvc1e0am3e || dir="auto" | [[.ഭാരതം]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Malayalam]] || Malayalam || Bhāratam || Became available 2020 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--45br5cyl || dir="auto" | [[.ভাৰত]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || Bengali || Bharatam || Became available 2022 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--3hcrj9c || dir="auto" | [[.ଭାରତ]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Odia language|Oriya]] || Oriya || Bhārat || Became available 2021 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbbh1a || dir="auto" | [[.بارت]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Kashmiri language#Perso-Arabic script|Kashmiri]]) || Bārat || Became available 2022 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--h2breg3eve || dir="auto" | [[.भारतम्]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Sanskrit]] || Devanagari || Bhāratam || Became available 2022 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--h2brj9c8c || dir="auto" | [[.भारोत]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Santali language|Santali]] || Devanagari || Bharot || Became available 2022 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbgu82a || dir="auto" | [[.ڀارت]]   || {{flag|India}} || [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Sindhi language#Perso-Arabic script|Sindhi]]) || Bhārat || Became available 2022 || [[.in]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgba3a4f16a || dir="auto" | [[.ایران]] || {{flag|Iran}} || [[Persian language|Persian]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Persian alphabet|Persian]]) || Īrān ||  || [[.ir]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--mgbtx2b || dir="auto" | [[.عراق]] || {{flag|Iraq}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || ʿIrāq || Not in use || [[.iq]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--4dbrk0ce || dir="auto" | [[.ישראל]] || {{flag|Israel}} || [[Hebrew]] || [[Hebrew script|Hebrew]] || Israel || Became available 2022	 || [[.il]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbayh7gpa || dir="auto" | [[.الاردن]] || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || al-Urdun || || [[.jo]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--80ao21a || dir="auto" | [[.қаз]] || {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script|Kazakh]]) || qaz || || [[.kz]] || {{no}} 
|-
| xn--q7ce6a || dir="auto" | [[.ລາວ]] || {{flag|Laos}} || [[Lao language|Lao]] || [[Lao script|Lao]] || Lao || Became available 2020 || [[.la]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbb7fyab|| dir="auto" | [[.ليبيا]] || {{flag|Libya}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || || Not delegated<ref name=string-evaluation-completion/> || [[.ly]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--mix082f || dir="auto" | [[.澳门]] || {{flag|Macao}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]]) || [[Jyutping|Ou<sup>3</sup> mun<sup>4</sup>]] / [[Pinyin|Àomén]] || Not in use || [[.mo]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--mix891f || dir="auto" | [[.澳門]] || {{flag|Macao}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]) || [[Jyutping|Ou<sup>3</sup> mun<sup>4</sup>]] / [[Pinyin|Àomén]] || Became available 2020 || [[.mo]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--mgbx4cd0ab || dir="auto" | [[.مليسيا]] || {{flag|Malaysia}} || [[Malay language|Malay]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]) || Malaysīyā ||  || [[.my]] || {{yes}} 
|-
| xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd || dir="auto" | [[.موريتانيا]] || {{flag|Mauritania}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Mūrītāniyā ||  || [[.mr]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--l1acc || dir="auto" | [[.мон]] || {{flag|Mongolia}} || [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Mongolian]]) || mon || || [[.mn]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgbc0a9azcg || dir="auto" | [[.المغرب]] || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || al-Maġrib ||  || [[.ma]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--d1alf || dir="auto" | [[.мкд]] || {{flag|North Macedonia}} || [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Macedonian alphabet|Macedonian]]) || mkd || || [[.mk]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--mgb9awbf || dir="auto" | [[.عمان]] || {{flag|Oman}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || ʿUmān || || [[.om]] || {{no}} 
|-
| xn--mgbai9azgqp6j || dir="auto" | [[.پاکستان]] || {{flag|Pakistan}} || [[Urdu]] || [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] ([[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]) || Pākistān || || [[.pk]] || {{yes}} 
|-
| xn--ygbi2ammx || dir="auto" | [[.فلسطين]] || {{flag|Palestinian Authority}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Filasṭīn || || [[.ps]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--wgbl6a || dir="auto" | [[.قطر]] || {{flag|Qatar}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Qaṭar || || [[.qa]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--p1ai || dir="auto" | [[.рф]] || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Russian language|Russian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Russian alphabet|Russian]]) || rf || || [[.ru]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--mgberp4a5d4ar || dir="auto" | [[.السعودية]] || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || as-Suʿūdīya || || [[.sa]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--90a3ac || dir="auto" | [[.срб]] || {{flag|Serbia}} || [[Serbian language|Serbian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Serbian]]) || srb || || [[.rs]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--yfro4i67o || dir="auto" | [[.新加坡]] || {{flag|Singapore}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]] and [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]) || [[Pinyin|Xīnjiāpō]] || || [[.sg]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd || dir="auto" | [[.சிங்கப்பூர்]] || {{flag|Singapore}} || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[Tamil alphabet|Tamil]] || Cinkappūr || || [[.sg]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--3e0b707e || dir="auto" | [[.한국]] || {{flag|South Korea}} || [[Korean language|Korean]] || [[Hangul]] || [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Hanguk]] || || [[.kr]] || {{yes}}
|-
| xn--fzc2c9e2c || dir="auto" | [[.ලංකා]] || {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] || [[Sinhala script|Sinhala]] || Lanka || || [[.lk]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--xkc2al3hye2a || dir="auto" | [[.இலங்கை]] || {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[Tamil alphabet|Tamil]] || Ilaṅkai || || [[.lk]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--mgbpl2fh || dir="auto" | [[.سودان]] || {{flag|Sudan}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Sūdān || || [[.sd]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--ogbpf8fl || dir="auto" | [[.سورية]] || {{flag|Syria}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Sūriyya || || [[.sy]] || {{no}}
|-
| xn--kprw13d || dir="auto" | [[.台湾]] || {{flag|Taiwan}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]]) || [[Pinyin|Táiwān]]  || || [[.tw]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--kpry57d || dir="auto" | [[.台灣]] || {{flag|Taiwan}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Chinese character|Chinese]] ([[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]) || [[Pinyin|Táiwān]] || || [[.tw]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--o3cw4h || dir="auto" | [[.ไทย]] || {{flag|Thailand}} || [[Thai language|Thai]] || [[Thai alphabet|Thai]] || Thai || || [[.th]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--pgbs0dh || dir="auto" | [[.تونس]] || {{flag|Tunisia}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Tūnis || || [[.tn]]|| {{yes}}
|-
| xn--j1amh || dir="auto" | [[.укр]] || {{flag|Ukraine}} || [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] || [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Ukrainian alphabet|Ukrainian]]) || ukr || || [[.ua]] || {{no}} 
|-
| xn--mgbaam7a8h || dir="auto" | [[.امارات]] || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || Imārāt || || [[.ae]]|| {{no}}
|-
| xn--mgb2ddes || dir="auto" | [[.اليمن]] || {{flag|Yemen}} || [[Arabic]] || [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]) || al-Yaman || Not delegated || [[.ye]] || {{no}} 
|}

===Proposed internationalized ccTLDs===
{{Main|Proposed top-level domain#Internationalized country code top-level domains}}
Internationalised domain names have been proposed for [[Japan]] and [[Libya]].

==Relation to ISO 3166-1==
{{see also|ISO 3166-1}}
{{blockquote|The IANA is not in the business of deciding what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which entities should be and should not be on that list.|[[Jon Postel]]|RFC 1591<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1591#section-4|id=RFC&nbsp;1591|title=Domain Name System Structure and Delegation|date=March 1994|first=Jon|last=Postel|doi=10.17487/RFC1591|journal=Network Working Group|author-link=Jon Postel|access-date=2008-06-22|archive-date=2010-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913011853/http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1591#section-4|url-status=live|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>}}

===Unused ISO 3166-1 codes===
Almost all current ISO 3166-1 codes have been assigned and do exist in DNS.
However, some of these are effectively unused. In particular, the ccTLDs for the Norwegian dependency [[Bouvet Island]] (<code>[[.bv|bv]]</code>) and the designation [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen]] (<code>[[.sj|sj]]</code>) do exist in DNS, but no subdomains have been assigned, and it is [[Norid]] policy to not assign any at present. Two [[France|French]] territories—<code>[[.bl|bl]]</code> ([[Saint Barthélemy]]) and <code>[[.mf|mf]]</code> ([[Saint Martin (France)|Saint Martin]])—{{As of|2008|alt=still}} await local assignment by France's government.

The code <code>[[.eh|eh]]</code>, although eligible as ccTLD for [[Western Sahara]], has never been assigned and does not exist in [[Domain Name System|DNS]]. Only one subdomain is still registered in <code>[[.gb|gb]]</code><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dnstools.ws/lookup/dra.hmg.gb|title=DNS loookup for dra.hmg.gb|year=2010|access-date=2010-07-03|archive-date=2022-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808185902/https://dnstools.ws/lookup/dra.hmg.gb/ANY/|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> (ISO 3166-1 for the [[United Kingdom]]), and no new registrations are being accepted for it. Sites in the United Kingdom generally use<code>[[.uk|uk]]</code> (see below).

The former [[.um]] ccTLD for the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands|U.S. Minor Outlying Islands]] was removed in April 2008. Under RFC 1591 rules, [[.um]] is eligible as a ccTLD on request by the relevant governmental agency and local Internet user community.

===ASCII ccTLDs not in ISO 3166-1===
Several ASCII ccTLDs are in use that are not ISO 3166-1 two-letter codes. Some of these codes were specified in older versions of the ISO list.
* <code>[[.uk|uk]]</code> (United Kingdom): The ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB (Great Britain). However, the [[JANET]] network had already selected <code>uk</code> as a top-level identifier for its pre-existing [[JANET NRS|Name Registration Scheme]], and this was incorporated into the DNS root. <code>[[.gb|gb]]</code> was assigned with the intention of a transition, but this never occurred and the use of <code>uk</code> is now entrenched.<ref name=Mueller2002>{{cite book|first=Milton|last=Mueller|year=2002|title=Ruling the Root: Internet governance and the taming of cyberspace|page=79|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=9780262632980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&pg=PA79|access-date=2020-11-10|archive-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008111747/https://books.google.com/books?id=sMKmdJq7iE0C&pg=PA79|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
* <code>[[.su|su]]</code> This obsolete ISO&nbsp;3166 code for the [[Soviet Union]] was assigned when the Soviet Union still existed; moreover, new <code>su</code> registrations are accepted.
* <code>[[.ac|ac]]</code> ([[Ascension Island]]): This code is a vestige of [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA's]] decision in 1996 to allow the use of codes reserved in the [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] reserve list for use by the [[Universal Postal Union]]. The decision was later reversed, with Ascension Island now the sole outlier. (Three other ccTLDs, <code>[[.gg|gg]]</code> ([[Bailiwick of Guernsey|Guernsey]]), <code>[[.im|im]]</code> ([[Isle of Man]]) and <code>[[.je|je]]</code> ([[Jersey]]) also fell under this category from 1996 until they received corresponding ISO 3166 codes in March 2006.)
* <code>[[.eu|eu]]</code> ([[European Union]]): On September 25, 2000, [[ICANN]] decided to allow the use of any two-letter code in the [[ISO 3166-1]] reserve list that is reserved for all purposes. Only EU currently meets this criterion. Following a decision by the EU's Council of Telecommunications Ministers in March 2002, progress was slow, but a [[domain name registry|registry]] (named [[EURid]]) was chosen by the [[European Commission]], and criteria for allocation set: ICANN approved <code>[[.eu|eu]]</code> as a ccTLD, and it opened for registration on 7 December 2005 for the holders of prior rights. Since 7 April 2006, registration is open to all in the European Economic Area.

===Historical ccTLDs===
ccTLDs may be removed if that country ceases to exist. There are three ccTLDs that have been deleted after the corresponding 2-letter code was withdrawn from ISO 3166-1: <code>[[.cs|cs]]</code> (for [[Czechoslovakia]]), <code>[[.zr|zr]]</code> (for [[Zaire]]) and <code>[[.tp|tp]]</code> (for [[East Timor]]). There may be a significant delay between withdrawal from ISO 3166-1 and deletion from the DNS; for example, ZR ceased to be an ISO 3166-1 code in 1997, but the <code>zr</code> ccTLD was not deleted until 2001. Other ccTLDs corresponding to obsolete ISO 3166-1 codes have not yet been deleted. In some cases they may never be deleted due to the amount of disruption this would cause for a heavily used ccTLD. In particular, the Soviet Union's ccTLD <code>[[.su|su]]</code> remains in use more than twenty years after SU was removed from ISO 3166-1.

The historical country codes <code>[[.dd|dd]]</code> for the [[German Democratic Republic]] and <code>yd</code> for [[South Yemen]] were eligible for a ccTLD, but not allocated; see also <code>[[.de|de]]</code> and <code>[[.ye|ye]]</code>.

The temporary reassignment of country code <code>cs</code> ([[Serbia and Montenegro]]) until its split into <code>[[.rs|rs]]</code> and <code>[[.me|me]]</code> ([[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]], respectively) led to some controversies<ref>{{cite web|title=IAB input related to the .cs code in ISO&nbsp;3166|date=2003-09-24|first=Leslie|last=Daigle|publisher=[[Internet Architecture Board|IAB]]|url=https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/docs2003/2003-09-25-icann-cs-code/|access-date=2008-06-22|archive-date=2008-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705023649/http://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence/2003-09-25-icann-cs-code.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IAB comment on stability of ISO 3166 and other infrastructure standards|date=2003-09-24|first=Leslie|last=Daigle|publisher=[[Internet Architecture Board|IAB]]|url=http://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence/2003-09-25-iso-cs-code.html|access-date=2008-06-22|archive-date=2008-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705024112/http://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence/2003-09-25-iso-cs-code.html|url-status=dead|language=en}}</ref> about the stability of ISO 3166-1 country codes, resulting in a second edition of ISO&nbsp;3166-1 in 2007 with a guarantee that retired codes will not be reassigned for at least 50&nbsp;years, and the replacement of RFC&nbsp;3066 by RFC&nbsp;4646 for country codes used in [[language tag]]s in 2006.

The previous ISO&nbsp;3166-1 code for [[Yugoslavia]], YU, was removed by ISO on 23&nbsp;July 2003, but the <code>[[.yu|yu]]</code> ccTLD remained in operation. Finally, after a two-year transition to Serbian <code>[[.rs|rs]]</code> and Montenegrin <code>[[.me|me]]</code>, the .yu domain was phased out in March&nbsp;2010.

Australia was originally assigned the <code>[[.au#Historic second-level domains|oz]]</code> country code, which was later changed to <code>[[.au|au]]</code> with the <code>.oz</code> domains moved to <code>.oz.au</code>.

==Internationalized ccTLDs==
{{main|Internationalized country code top-level domain}}
An [[internationalized country code top-level domain]] (IDN ccTLD) is a top-level domain with a specially encoded domain name that is displayed in an end user application, such as a [[web browser]], in its native language script or a non-alphabetic [[writing system]], such as [[Latin script]] (.us, .uk and .br), [[Indic script]] (.{{Lang|hi|भारत}}) and [[Korean script]] (.{{Lang|ko|한국}}), etc. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the [[internationalized domain name]] (IDN) system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, including the United Kingdom, or independent geographic regions.

ICANN started to accept applications for IDN ccTLDs in November 2009,<ref>{{cite press release|title=ICANN Bringing the Languages of the World to the Global Internet|date=30 October 2009|publisher=Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)|url=http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30oct09-en.htm|access-date=30 October 2009|archive-date=1 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101202322/http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30oct09-en.htm|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> and installed the first set into the Domain Names System in May 2010. The first set was a group of Arabic names for the countries of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. By May 2010, 21 countries had submitted applications to ICANN, representing 11 languages.<ref>{{cite news|title='Historic' day as first non-Latin web addresses go live|date=6 May 2010|website=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10100108.stm|access-date=2010-05-07|archive-date=2010-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612121841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10100108.stm|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>

ICANN requires all potential international TLDs to use at least one letter that does not resemble a Latin letter, or have at least three letters, in an effort to avoid [[IDN homograph attack]]s. Nor shall the international domain name look like another domain name, even if they have different alphabets. Between Cyrillic and Greek alphabets, for example, this could happen.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

==Generic ccTLDs==
'''Generic Country Code Top-Level Domain''' or '''gccTLD''' refers to those TLDs which are technically "non-restricted ccTLDs" but used like traditional generic TLDs ([[gTLDs]]) rather than "country"-targeted ones.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is gccTLD?|website=dynadot.com|url=https://www.dynadot.com/community/help/question/what-is-gcctld|access-date=2021-01-03|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112055243/https://www.dynadot.com/community/help/question/what-is-gcctld|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What you should know about gccTDLs and organic search|date=Nov 2016|website=name.com|url=https://www.name.com/blog/domains/2016/11/what-you-should-know-about-gcctlds-and-organic-search|access-date=2021-01-03|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112091452/https://www.name.com/blog/domains/2016/11/what-you-should-know-about-gcctlds-and-organic-search/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=gccTLD generic country-code domains|website=dynadot.com|url=https://www.dynadot.com/community/blog/gcctld-generic-country-code-domains.html|access-date=2021-01-03|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112002733/https://www.dynadot.com/community/blog/gcctld-generic-country-code-domains.html|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Most of the gccTLDs are primarily used as [[domain hack]]s:

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible sticky-header"
|-
! scope="col" | gccTLD
! scope="col" | Country/Region
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Domain hacks
|-
| [[.ac]] || [[Ascension Island]] || {{Unbulleted list|academic|accounting|acknowledge|[[Air conditioning]]|[[alternating-current]]}}
|-
| [[.ad]] || [[Andorra]] || [[advertising]]
|-
| [[.ag]] || [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Aktiengesellschaft]] (German for corporation)
|-
| [[.ai]] || [[Anguilla]] || [[Artificial intelligence]]
|-
| [[.al]] || [[Albania]] || [[Alabama]]
|-
| [[.am]] || [[Armenia]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[United States|American]]|[[AM broadcasting]]|radio and podcasts}}
|-
| [[.ar]] || [[Argentina]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Arkansas]]|[[Augmented reality]]}}
|-
| [[.as]] || [[American Samoa]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Asturias]]|[[Autonomous system (Internet)|autonomous system]]|[[aktieselskab]]/[[aksjeselskap]]}}
|-
| [[.az]] || [[Azerbaijan]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Arizona]]|[[Azores]]}}
|-
| [[.bz]] || [[Belize]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Bolzano]]|business|<code>[[.biz|biz]]</code> alike}}
|-
| [[.ca]] || [[Canada]] || [[California]]
|-
| [[.cc]] || [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] || {{Unbulleted list|cricket club|[[Credit Card]]|[[Cycling club]]|[[Christian Church]]|[[Catholic Church]]|[[Creative Commons]]|[[Cape Cod]]|company|<code>[[.com|com]]</code> alike}}
|-
| [[.cd]] || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] || [[Compact disc]]
|-
| [[.co]] || [[Colombia]] || {{Unbulleted list|company|<code>[[.com|com]]</code> alike|[[Colorado]]}}
|-
| [[.cu]] || [[Cuba]] || "''see you''"
|-
| [[.cv]] || [[Cape Verde]] || [[curriculum vitae]]
|-
| [[.de]] || [[Germany]] || [[Delaware]]
|-
| [[.dj]] || [[Djibouti]] || [[Disc jockey]]
|-
| [[.fm]] || [[Federated States of Micronesia]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[FM broadcasting]]|radio and podcasts}}
|-
| [[.ga]] || [[Gabon]] || [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
|-
| [[.gl]] || [[Greenland]] || [[Google]] (using ''.goo.gl'')
|-
| [[.gg]] || [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Glossary of video game terms#GG|Good Game]]|[[Google]]}}
|-
| [[.io]] || [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Input/Output]]|<code>[[.info|info]]</code> alike}}
|-
| [[.il]] || [[Israel]] || [[Illinois]]
|-
| [[.in]] || [[India]] || [[Indiana]]
|-
| [[.is]] || [[Iceland]] || ''it.is'', ''that.is'', etc.
|-
| [[.it]] || [[Italy]] || [[Information technology]]
|-
| [[.kg]] || [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[Keygen]]
|-
| [[.ky]] || [[Cayman Islands]] || [[Kentucky]]
|-
| [[.la]] || [[Laos]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Los Angeles]]|[[Louisiana]]|[[Mozilla]]|[[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]]|[[Digikala]]|[[Latin America]]}}
|-
| [[.ly]] || [[Libya]] || words ending in -ly
|-
| [[.ma]] || [[Morocco]] || [[Massachusetts]]
|-
| [[.md]] || [[Moldova]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Medicine]]|[[Markdown]]|[[Maryland]]}}
|-
| [[.me]] || [[Montenegro]] || {{Unbulleted list|me (personal homepage)|[[Maine]]|[[Middle East]]}}
|-
| [[.mn]] || [[Mongolia]] || [[Minnesota]]
|-
| [[.ms]] || [[Montserrat]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Microsoft]]|[[Mississippi]]|[[Mato Grosso do Sul]]|[[Münster]]|master}}
|-
| [[.mt]] || [[Malta]] || [[Montana]]
|-
| [[.ne]] || [[Niger]] || [[Nebraska]]
|-
| [[.nu]] || [[Niue]] || {{Unbulleted list|new|now|nude}}
|-
| [[.pa]] || [[Panama]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Pennsylvania]]|[[Public address system|Public Address]]}}
|-
| [[.pe]] || [[Peru]] || [[Private equity]]
|-
| [[.pn]] || [[Pitcairn]] || [[Phone number]]
|-
|[[.pr]]
|[[Puerto Rico]]
|[[Public relations]]
|-
| [[.pw]] || [[Palau]] || Professional web
|-
| [[.re]] || [[Réunion]] || [[Reverse engineering]]
|-
| [[.rs]] || [[Serbia]] || [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
|-
| [[.sc]] || [[Seychelles]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]|[[South Carolina]]|[[SoundCloud]]|[[Snapchat]]|[[Computer security|Security]]}}
|-
| [[.sd]] || [[Sudan]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[SD card]]|[[South Dakota]]}}
|-
| [[.sh]] || [[Saint Helena]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Shell (computing)|Shell]]|[[Schleswig-Holstein]]}}
|-
| [[.sx]] || [[Sint Maarten]] || "''sex''"
|-
| [[.tf]] || [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]] || {{Unbulleted list|[[Team Fortress 2|Team Fortress]]|[[Terraform (software)|Terraform]]}}
|-
| [[.tk]] || [[Tokelau]] || {{Unbulleted list|tech|[[Hi-tech]]|[[BitTorrent tracker|tracker]]}}
|-
| [[.tm]] || [[Turkmenistan]] || [[Trademark]]
|-
| [[.tn]] || [[Tunisia]] || [[Tennessee]]
|-
| [[.to]] || [[Tonga]] || link-to
|-
| [[.tv]] || [[Tuvalu]] || television and broadcasts
|-
| [[.ws]] || [[Samoa|Western Samoa]] || {{Unbulleted list|website|websocket|world site|west}}
|-
| [[.yt]] || [[Mayotte]] || [[YouTube]]
|}

==Unconventional usage==
{{Main|Vanity URL}}
{{more citations needed section|date=March 2011}}
Lenient registration restrictions on certain ccTLDs have resulted in various [[domain hack]]s. Domain names such as <code>I.am</code>, <code>tip.it</code>, <code>start.at</code> and <code>go.to</code> form well-known English phrases, whereas others combine the [[second-level domain]] and ccTLD to form one word or one title, creating domains such as <code>[[blo.gs]]</code> of [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] (<code>[[.gs|gs]]</code>), <code>[[YouTube|youtu.be]]</code> of [[Belgium]] (<code>[[.be|be]]</code>), <code>[[Delicious (website)|del.icio.us]]</code> of the [[United States]] (<code>[[.us|us]]</code>), and <code>[[cr.yp.to]]</code> of [[Tonga]] (<code>[[.to|to]]</code>). The <code>.co</code> domain of Colombia has been cited since 2010 as a potential competitor to generic TLDs for commercial use, because it may be an abbreviation for ''company''.<ref name="unique">{{cite web|title=General .CO FAQs: What makes .CO such a unique opportunity?|publisher=.CO Internet S.A.S.|place=Colombia|website=cointernet.co|url=https://www.cointernet.com.co/preguntas-frecuentes|access-date=2013-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311222155/https://www.cointernet.com.co/preguntas-frecuentes/|archive-date=2019-03-11|url-status=live|language=es}}</ref>

Several ccTLDs allow the creation of [[emoji domain]]s.

Some ccTLDs may also be used for [[typosquatting]]. The domain ''cm'' of [[Cameroon]] has generated interest due to the possibility that people might miss typing the letter ''o'' for sites in the ''com''.<ref>
{{cite news|title=The man who owns the Internet|website=[[CNN Money]]|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2007-06-01|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/06/01/100050989/index.htm|access-date=2010-11-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113134307/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/06/01/100050989/index.htm|archive-date=2010-11-13|language=en}}</ref>

===Commercial use===
Some of the world's smallest countries and non-sovereign or colonial entities with their own country codes have opened their TLDs for worldwide commercial use, some of them free like [[.tk]].

==See also==
* [[List of Internet top-level domains#Country code top-level domains|List of ccTLDs]]
* [[Country code top-level domains with commercial licenses]]
* [[Country code second-level domain]]
* [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#Current codes|ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 assigned codes]]
* [[Geographic top-level domain]], a type of generic top-level domain
* [[List of NATO country codes]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em|refs=
<ref name="idn.tables">{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db}}
* {{cite web|title=World Intellectual Property Organization|publisher=[[WIPO]]|series=Domain name dispute resolution|url=https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/cctld|language=en}}
* {{cite web|title=World-Wide Alliance of Top Level Domain-names|url=http://www.wwtld.org/index_archived.html|language=en}}
* {{cite web|title=Country Code Names Supporting Organisation (ccNSO)|website=[[ICANN]]|url=https://ccnso.icann.org/en|language=en}}
* {{cite web|first=Robert|last=Baskerville|date=Jan 16, 2008|title=ccTLD and TLD analysis (of several Zone files)|url=http://www.robert.net/ccTLD/|url-status=dead|access-date=2008-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103171355/http://www.robert.net/ccTLD/|archive-date=2015-11-03|language=en}}

{{ccTLD}}
{{Geocoding-systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Country Code Top-Level Domain}}
[[Category:International telecommunications]]
[[Category:Top-level domains]]
[[Category:Country codes]]
[[Category:Domain Name System]]
[[Category:Country code top-level domains| ]]