Editing Créteil

{{More citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Créteil 
|commune status         = [[Prefectures of France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image                  = Vue aérienne du lac de Créteil.jpg
|caption                = Aerial view of Créteil, centered on the ''[[Lac de Créteil]]''
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Créteil (Val-de-Marne).svg
|map                    = Créteil_map.svg
|map caption            = [[Paris]] and inner ring departments
|arrondissement         = Créteil
|canton                 = [[Cantons of Créteil|2 cantons]]
|INSEE                  = 94028
|postal code            = 94000
|mayor                  = [[Laurent Cathala]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Grand Paris]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|48.7911|2.4628|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            = 63
|elevation min m        = 31
|elevation max m        = 74
|area km2               = 11.43
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
[[File:Creteil Eglise Saint-Christophe.jpg|thumb|[[Saint-Christophe Church, Créteil]] ]]

'''Créteil''' ({{IPA|fr|kʁetɛj|-|Fr-Paris--Créteil.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the southeastern suburbs of [[Paris]], [[Île-de-France]]. It is located {{convert|11.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[Kilometre Zero|centre of Paris]]. Créteil is the ''[[préfecture]]'' (capital) of the [[Val-de-Marne]] [[Departments of France|department]] as well as the seat of the [[Arrondissement of Créteil]]. The city is also the seat of a [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Créteil|Roman Catholic diocese]], and of one of France's 30 nationwide ''académies'' (districts) of the [[French Ministry of Education|Ministry of National Education]].

== Name ==
The name Créteil was recorded for the first time as '''''Cristoilum''''' in the [[martyrology]] written by a [[monk]] named [[Usuard]] in 865. The name ''Cristoilum'' is made of the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] word ''ialo'' (meaning "clearing, glade", "place of") suffixed to a pre-Latin radical ''crist-'' whose meaning is still unclear. Some believe ''crist'' is a Celtic word meaning "ridge", a cognate of [[Latin]] ''crista'' and modern French ''crête'', in which case the meaning of ''Cristoilum'' would be "clearing on the ridge" or "place on the ridge." A more traditional etymology was that ''crist'' referred to [[Jesus Christ]], due to the very ancient presence of Christianity in Créteil and the veneration of [[Agoard and Aglibert|Saint Agoard and Agilbert of Créteil]], martyred in Créteil around AD 400.

== Geography ==
Créteil is a city in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris. It is watered by the [[Marne (river)|Marne]] river which carries out its last loop before the junction with the [[Seine]] at the Charenton-le-Pont. The area is an alluvial plain eroded by the action of the Marne and the Seine. Bordering communes include [[Maisons-Alfort]], [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]], [[Bonneuil-sur-Marne]], [[Limeil-Brévannes]], [[Valenton]], [[Choisy-le-Roi]] and [[Alfortville]].

=== Climate ===
The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round.  According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Créteil has a [[marine west coast climate]], abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=71491&cityname=Creteil%2C+%CEle-de-France%2C+France&units= Climate Summary for Créteil, France]</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Hôtel de Ville de Créteil, 1981.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Créteil|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Some rare flints from the [[Palaeolithic]] age are still being found in modern times in the area. It is, however, a two-[[ton]], [[Neolithic]]-era polishing machine that is the prehistoric pride of Créteil. The first documents referring to Créteil are from the [[Merovingian]] era, when it was known as  ''Vicus Cristoilum''' The name comes from the prefix ''crist'' and ''oilum''. These two terms are thought to be [[Gaulish language|Gallic]]: "clearing" for ''oilum'' and "ridge" for ''crist''. The "clearing" of the "ridge" of the Mont-Mesly is on the road connecting Paris and Sens (Trunk Road 19 today). In 1406, the place name "Créteil" makes its appearance after successive deformations from ''Cristoill'' (1278), ''Cristeuil'', ''Cresteul'' then ''Creteuil''.

During the [[French Wars of Religion]] (1567), the [[Huguenots]] plundered the church and burned the local charters. New disorders in 1648 forced the evacuation of the inhabitants of Créteil. The end of [[Louis XIV]]'s reign was marked by a great food shortage throughout the whole of France after a terrible winter in 1709 that resulted in 69 recorded deaths in Créteil. Registers of grievances from the [[French Revolution]] in 1789 mention Créteil 15 times.

At the beginning of the 18th century, construction of the first middle-class "Parisian" houses began. In 1814, the east of Créteil was taken by Russian troops as part of the [[Battle of Paris (1814)|Battle of Paris]]. The bridge which spans the [[River Marne|Marne]] between Créteil and [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]] was inaugurated on 9 April 1841, replacing an ancient ferry.

The [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870 was particularly cruel for Créteil. The borough was plundered and left in ruins by the Prussians, while the nearby battle of Mont-Mesly on 30 November 1870, left 179 dead.

L'[[Abbaye de Créteil]] or Abbaye group was a utopian artistic and literary community founded during 1906 named after the Créteil Abbey near to where some members lived and where the group held meetings. At the time Créteil was still mostly pastoral, some of which remains in the forested parkland of the riverside district on and around Île Sainte-Catherine. Although the group was short-lived, disbanding by 1908, it attracted artists, writers and philosophers to become associated with the [[Symbolism (movement)|Symbolist]] and [[Futurist]] movements such as [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], author of the [[Futurist Manifesto]], and [[Constantin Brâncuși]].

Créteil gave up its pastoral character after World War II. The population subsequently rose from 13,800 in 1954 to 30,654 in 1962. In 1965, the city became a [[Prefectures in France|Préfecture]] of the new department of the [[Val-de-Marne]]. A new [[Hôtel de Ville, Créteil|Hôtel de Ville]] was completed in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/creteil-town-hall|title=Hôtel de Ville de Créteil|publisher=Structurae|access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>

== The lake ==
Créteil Lake began as a gypsum and gravel quarry. Once the [[groundwater]] was reached, forming deep ponds, the quarry was abandoned and allowed to fill with water. The lake area is now a popular recreational site attracting fishermen, boaters, wind surfers, etc...

== Demographics ==

===Population===

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|11051|Créteil}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-94028#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |946
|1800 |979
|1806 |1000
|1821 |1270
|1831 |1496
|1836 |1607
|1841 |1826
|1846 |1721
|1851 |1546
|1856 |1733
|1861 |2412
|1866 |2541
|1872 |2823
|1876 |2955
|1881 |3430
|1886 |4045
|1891 |4090
|1896 |4208
|1901 |4923
|1906 |5500
|1911 |6116
|1921 |8169
|1926 |9612
|1931 |11596
|1936 |11755
|1946 |11008
|1954 |13793
|1962 |30403
|1968 |49197
|1975 |59023
|1982 |71693
|1990 |82088
|1999 |82154
|2007 |89410
|2012 |89845
|2017 |90605
}}

=== Immigration ===
{{France immigration
|collectivity_name=Créteil
|census_year=1999
|metropolitan_France=73.6
|outside_metropolitan_France=26.4
|overseas_France=3.9
|foreign_French=4.8
|EU-15=2.2
|non-EU-15=15.5
}}

== Health ==
As of 1 January 2006, 27 [[pharmacy|pharmacies]], about 60 dentists, about 60 general practitioners, 10 [[pediatrician]]s, and a half-dozen ophthalmologists and dermatologists constitute the general medical staff of the city.

Health facilities include:

*CHU Henri Mondor, a publicly owned hospital inaugurated on 2 December 1969. Conceived initially for 1,300 beds, its capacity today is 958 beds. It employs more than 3,000 people including more than 2,600 looking after patients. Its expenditure in 2004 was 241M€.
*Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, inaugurated on 3 November 1937. Capacity of reception of 530 in-patients as against 264 in 1937. The construction of this establishment was decided in 1932 by grouping the communes of the Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Creteil and Joinville-le-Pont within an inter-communal syndicate. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés joined this syndicate later. Originally, a number of the hospital personnel were religious sisters. In 2004, 38,037 hospitalizations were listed, with 2,551 childbirths and 12,838 surgical interventions. ] It employs approximately 2,000 people with about 1,600 of them caring for patients in medical or other capacities.
*Centre de Transfusion sanguine. The Blood Transfusion Centre of Creteil is run by the inter-communal Hospital. This service treats from 600 to 1,000 requests per day.
*Albert Chenevier Hospital. A publicly owned hospital, with a 463-bed capacity. There are 118 beds in the psychiatric ward.

== Education ==
[[File:Plaque Rue Floris Osmond - Créteil (FR94) - 2021-04-01 - 2.jpg|thumb|right|Plaque Rue [[Floris Osmond]]]]
=== Primary and secondary schools ===
Public schools:
*24 preschools<ref>"[http://www.ville-creteil.fr/les-ecoles-maternelles Écoles maternelles ]." Créteil. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.</ref>
*24 elementary schools<ref>"[http://www.ville-creteil.fr/les-ecoles-elementaires Écoles élémentaires ]." Créteil. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.</ref>
*Eight junior high schools: Clément Guyard, [[Victor Hugo]], Louis Issaurat, Amédée Laplace, [[Louis Pasteur]], Plaissance, Albert Schweitzer, and [[Simone de Beauvoir|Simone-de-Beauvoir]]<ref name=JHS>"[http://www.ville-creteil.fr/les-colleges-de-creteil Collèges]." Créteil. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.</ref>
*Four high schools: [[Lycée Léon Blum]], [[Lycée Édouard-Branly (Créteil)|Lycée Édouard Branly]], [[Lycée Gutenberg]], and [[Lycée Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (Créteil)|Lycée Antoine de Saint-Exupery]]<ref name=HS>"[http://www.ville-creteil.fr/les-lycees-de-creteil Lycées]." Créteil. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.</ref>

Private schools:
*[[Ozar HaTorah (school)|Ozar HaTorah]] (Jewish school, includes preschool, elementary school,<ref name=PrivateES>"[http://www.ville-creteil.fr/les-ecoles-maternelles-et-elementaires-privees Écoles maternelles et élémentaires privées ]." Créteil. Retrieved on 4 September 2016.</ref> a junior high school divided into boys' and girls' schools,<ref name=JHS/> and a high school divided into boys' and girls' schools<ref name=HS/>)
*De Maillé (elementary school,<ref name=PrivateES/> junior high school<ref name=JHS/>)
*[[Lycée général et technologique de l'ensemble Sainte-Marie]]<ref name=HS/>
*[[Lycée d'enseignement supérieur technique privé SUPTEK]]<ref name=HS/>

=== Universities ===
The city hosts [[Paris 12 Val de Marne University]], officially the Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne University, founded in 1970. Previously known as Université Paris 12 Val de Marne or Université Paris XII, the university serves more than 30,000 students and consists of seven units of formation and research (UFR), namely law, administration, literature, medicine, business & management, educational sciences and technological sciences.

== Transport ==
Créteil is served by four stations on [[Paris Métro Line 8]]: {{stn|Créteil–L'Échat}}, {{stn|Créteil–Université}}, {{stn|Créteil–Préfecture}} and {{stn|Pointe du Lac}}.

== Sport ==
[[US Créteil-Lusitanos]], founded in 1936, is the city's [[association football|football]] club. They currently play in [[National Championship]] (3rd division) and their home stadium is [[Stade Dominique Duvauchelle]].

The [[US Créteil Handball]] [[team handball]] team plays at the '''Palais des Sports Robert Oubron'''. The capacity of the arena is 2,500 people.

== Notable people ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

*[[Jordan Aboki]], basketball player
*[[Bertrand Amoussou-Guenou]], mixed martial artist
*[[Jacques Barzun]], author, historian
*[[Mathieu Bastareaud]], rugby player
*[[Herve Bazile]], footballer
*[[Maxime Biamou]], footballer
*[[Stephane Caristan]], athlete
*[[Isaia Cordinier]], basketball player
*[[Bruno Coqueran]], basketball player
*[[Eddy de Pretto]], singer
*[[Mohamed Diamé]], footballer
*[[Philippe Di Folco]], writer
*[[Herve Ebanda]], footballer
*[[Sylviane Félix]], athlete 
*[[Lina Jacques-Sebastien]], athlete 
*[[Madeleine Jurgens]], archivist 
*[[Lahaou Konate]], basketball player
*[[Jessie Londas]], footballer
*[[Azrack Mahamat]], footballer
*[[Axel Médéric]], figure skater
*[[Modibo Niakate]], basketball player
*[[Michael Nkololo]], footballer
*[[Floris Osmond]], metallurgist
*[[Fabien Paschal]], basketball player
*[[Marc Raquil]], athlete
*[[Christopher Samba]], footballer
*[[Camille Serme]], squash player
*[[Richard Soumah]], footballer
*[[Sammy Traoré]], footballer
*[[Dan-Axel Zagadou]], footballer
*[[Sylvain Francisco]], basketball player
{{div col end}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Créteil is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronologie / jumelage|url=https://www.ville-creteil.fr/chronologie-jumelage|website=ville-creteil.fr|publisher=Créteil|language=fr|access-date=2020-07-02}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagdeco|GLP}} [[Les Abymes]], Guadeloupe, France
*{{flagdeco|SCO}} [[Falkirk]], Scotland, United Kingdom
*{{flagdeco|ARM}} [[Gyumri]], Armenia
*{{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Kiryat Yam]], Israel
*{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Mataró]], Spain
*{{flagdeco|POR}} [[Loulé]], Portugal
*{{flagdeco|CUB}} [[Playa, Havana|Playa (Havana)]], Cuba
*{{flagdeco|GER}} [[Salzgitter]], Germany
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
*[[Communes of the Val-de-Marne department]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Créteil}}
* [http://www.ville-creteil.fr/ Official website]
* [http://www.u-pec.fr/ Paris XII- Val-de-Marne University located in Créteil]

<BR>
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{Val-de-Marne communes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Creteil}}
[[Category:Créteil| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Communes of Val-de-Marne]]
[[Category:Cities in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Prefectures in France]]