Editing Cranham

{{Short description| A residential area of East London, England}}
{{About||the Cranham in the Cotswolds|Cranham, Gloucestershire|the hymn tune by Gustav Holst|In the Bleak Midwinter}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}

{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| official_name            = Cranham
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.561978|0.268006|display=inline,title}}
| london_borough           = Havering
| region                   = London
| constituency_westminster = [[Hornchurch and Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch and Upminster]]
| post_town                = UPMINSTER
| postcode_area            = RM
| postcode_district        = RM14
| dial_code                = 01708
| os_grid_reference        = TQ575875
| population               =
| population_ref           = 
| charingX_distance_mi     = 17.5
| charingX_direction       = WSW
| static_image_name        = All Saints Church, Cranham - geograph.org.uk - 147590.jpg
| static_image_caption     = All Saints' Church, Cranham 
}}
'''Cranham''' is a residential area of east [[London]], and part of the [[London Borough of Havering]].<ref name=east_plan>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/srdf/docs/east-srdf.pdf |title=The London Plan: East London Sub Regional Development Framework |publisher=[[Greater London Authority]] |author=Mayor of London |date=May 2006 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604093935/http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/srdf/docs/east-srdf.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2011 |author-link=Mayor of London }}</ref><ref name=hidden>{{cite web | title=Cranham | website=Hidden London  | url=https://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/cranham/ | access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> It is located {{convert|17.5|mi|km|0}} east-northeast of [[Charing Cross]] and comprises an extensive built-up area to the north and a low density [[conservation area]] to the south surrounded by open land.<ref name="conservation drury"/> It was historically a rural village in the county of [[Essex]] and formed an ancient parish.<ref name="parishes cranham">{{cite book | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42823 | publisher=[[British History Online]] | title=Parishes: Cranham, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 |series= [[Victoria County History]] | year=1978 | author=Powell, W.R. (Edr.)  | access-date= 23 February 2010}}</ref> It is peripheral to London, forming the eastern edge of the [[urban sprawl]]. The economic history of Cranham is characterised by a shift from agriculture to housing development.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Cranham significantly increased in population,<ref name="vision pop"/> becoming part of [[Hornchurch Urban District]] in 1934 and has formed part of [[Greater London]] since 1965.<ref name="vision parish"/> The 2011 Census population of Cranham was included in Upminster.

==History==
===Toponymy===
{| class="wikitable" align="right" style=font-size:85%;margin-left:10px;
|+'''Cranham (parish) population'''
|-
!align="center"| 1881
|align="center"| 416
|-
!align="center"| 1891
|align="center"| 465
|-
!align="center"| 1901
|align="center"| 397
|-
!align="center"| 1911
|align="center"| 489
|-
!align="center"| 1921
|align="center"| 519
|-
!align="center"| 1931
|align="center"| 1,240
|-
!align="center"| 1941
|align="center"| war #
|-
!align="center"| 1951
|align="center"| 2,836
|-
|style="font-size:smaller" colspan=2|# no census was held due to war
|-
|style="font-size:smaller" colspan=2 align=center|source: [[Census#United Kingdom|UK census]]<ref name="vision pop">{{cite vob | population=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10237919&c_id=10001043&add=N | area=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_ACRES&u_id=10237919&c_id=10001043&add=Y | density=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_rate_page.jsp?u_id=10237919&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_POP&id=0 | name=Cranham | access-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref>
|}
Cranham is recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as comprising two manors.  The smaller was in the north of the parish, and called ''Craohv'' and in 1201 as ''Craweno''.<ref name="mills">{{ cite book | surname=Mills | first=D. | title=Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names | year=2000 | publisher=Oxford}}</ref> It means 'spur of land frequented by crows' and is formed from the [[Old English]] 'crāwe' and 'hōh'.<ref name="mills"/> The larger was the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] manor of Ockendon (''Wochenduna'')<ref name="parishes cranham"/> During the Middle Ages, and until around the 15th century, it was also known as '''Bishop's Ockendon''' because a large part of its area was owned by the [[Bishop of London]].<ref name="parishes cranham"/>

===Economic development===
The parish is recorded in 1086 as being heavily wooded, supporting an agrarian way of life.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> Forest clearance was well advanced by the 15th century, with an increase in population and arable land; and there was a mill in Cranham.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> Cranham lay on [[brick earth]] and this gave rise to the Cranham Brick and Tile Company which was in operation from 1900 to 1920.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> Drury has suggested that early trade was with the nearby settlements of [[Romford]] and [[Hornchurch]] and with London via the [[River Thames]] at [[Rainham, London|Rainham]].<ref name="conservation drury"/>

===Local government===
[[File:Romford rural 1931.PNG|thumb|left|1931: Cranham (5) within [[Romford Rural District]], adjoining Upminster (4) and Great Warley (3)]]
Cranham formed an ancient parish of {{convert|1879|acres|sqkm}} in the [[Chafford (hundred)|Chafford]] hundred of [[Essex]].<ref name="vision pop"/> The vestry met in the church until 1829 and then at the parish workhouse.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> In 1836 the parish was grouped for poor relief into the Romford [[Poor Law Union]] and for sanitary provision in 1875 into Romford [[Sanitary district|rural sanitary district]].<ref name="vision parish">{{cite vob | url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10237919&c_id=10001043 | name= Cranham parish | map=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/boundary_map_page.jsp?u_id=10237919&c_id=10001043 | access-date=23 February 2010}}</ref> The sanitary district became [[Romford Rural District]] from 1894 and a parish council was formed to replace the vestry.

The parish formed part of the [[London Traffic Area]] from 1924 and the [[London Passenger Transport Board|London Passenger Transport Area]] from 1933.<ref name=robson>{{Cite book|title=The Government and Mis-government of London |last=Robson |first=William |year=1939 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=London }}</ref> To reflect the significantly increased population in the area, Romford Rural District was abolished in 1934 and Cranham was amalgamated with neighbouring parishes into [[Hornchurch Urban District]].<ref name="hornchurch economic">{{Cite book| url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42811 | publisher=[[British History Online]] | title=Hornchurch: Economic history and local government, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 |series= [[Victoria County History]] | year=1978 | author=Powell, W.R. (Edr.)  | access-date=23 February 2010}}</ref> The parish council was abolished and Hornchurch Urban District Council became the local authority. There was a revision of boundaries with [[North Ockendon]], which had been part of [[Orsett Rural District]], absorbed into Cranham and a small area to the north, near [[Great Warley]], transferred to [[Brentwood Urban District]].<ref name="vision parish"/>

In 1965 Hornchurch Urban District was abolished and its former area was transferred from Essex to [[Greater London]], to be combined with that of the [[Municipal Borough of Romford]] in order to form the present-day [[London Borough of Havering]].<ref name=vob_havering_lb>{{cite vob |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10166913&c_id=10001043 |name=Havering London Borough |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211082200/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10166913&c_id=10001043 |archive-date=11 February 2009 }} </ref> In 1993 the [[List of Greater London boundary changes|Greater London boundary]], to the east of Cranham and north of the railway line, was locally realigned to the [[M25 motorway]], returning some mostly unpopulated areas of open land to Essex and leaving [[North Ockendon]] as the only part of Greater London outside the bounds of the motorway.<ref name="opsi">{{Cite web| url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1993/Uksi_19931218_en_1.htm | title=Essex and Greater London (County and London Borough Boundaries) (No.2) Order 1993 | publisher=Office of Public Sector Information |year=1993 | access-date= 23 February 2010 }}</ref>

===Urban development===
[[File:Osm cranham map.png|thumb|Map of Cranham]]
In the 17th and 18th centuries manorial homes, including [[Cranham Hall]], became attractive properties for merchants from the [[City of London]].<ref name="conservation drury">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=7554 |title=Cranham Conservation Area: Character Appraisal and Management Proposals |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |author=The Paul Drury Partnership |date=February 2007 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192030/http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=7554 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> Initial attempts to expand the suburban estates from Upminster in the early 20th century ran into problems because of the lack of water supply.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> In 1922 sewage works for Upminster and Cranham were opened in Great Warley.<ref name="local upminster">{{Cite book| url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42830 | title=Upminster: Local government and parliamentary representation, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 | series= [[Victoria County History]] | publisher=[[British History Online]] | author=Powell, W.R. (Edr.) | year=1978 | access-date=23 February 2010}}</ref> In the 1930s land was used to develop some council housing and following the sale of the Benyon estate the pace of new building quickened. Cranham's location on the very edge of London's urban sprawl is explained by the halting effect on suburban house building of the introduction of the [[Metropolitan Green Belt]] and [[World War II]].<ref name="conservation drury"/><ref name="parishes cranham"/> Thereafter building took place within the area bounded by the Southend Arterial Road in the north and St Mary's Lane in the south; and there were 615 council houses built by 1971.<ref name="parishes cranham"/>

==Governance==
Cranham forms part of the [[Hornchurch and Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch and Upminster UK Parliament constituency]], and is partly within the Havering wards of Upminster and Cranham. Together these form the Upminster Area Committee.<ref name=area_notes>{{Cite web | url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=18289&p=0 | publisher=Havering London Borough Council | author=Upminster Area Committee | date=June 2009 | title=Upminster Area Committee (Cranham & Upminster Wards) Agenda | access-date=23 February 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608212526/http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=18289&p=0 | archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> The current MP is [[Julia Lopez (politician)]]. Each ward elects three councillors to [[Havering London Borough Council]]. All six councillors elected in 2010 for the two wards were the [[Upminster and Cranham Residents' Association]] candidates<ref name="havering cranham">{{Cite web|publisher=Havering London Borough Council |url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=6032 |title=Cranham Ward – Local election results 2006 |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192140/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=6032 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref><ref name="havering upminster">{{Cite web|publisher=Havering London Borough Council |url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=6050 |title=Upminster Ward – Local election results 2006 |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192159/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=6050 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> and the area is unusual in that the residents' association is strongly active.<ref name="Havering and Redbridge">{{Cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/feb/08/havering.redbridge | title=Havering and Redbridge | work=The Guardian| author=Baston, Lewis | date=8 February 2008  | access-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref> From 1945 to 1974 Cranham formed part of the [[Hornchurch (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch constituency]] and from 1974 to 2010 it formed part of the [[Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Upminster constituency]]. Cranham is within the [[Havering and Redbridge (London Assembly constituency)|Havering and Redbridge London Assembly constituency]].

==Geography==
{{further|Geography of London}}
Most of Cranham is located on the [[London Clay]] belt, with loam to the north and a gravel valley to the south.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> It rises to about {{convert|250|ft}} in the north and to below {{convert|50|ft}} in the south; with a ridge running east to west upon which All Saints' Church is located.<ref name="parishes cranham"/> Cranham forms a continuously built-up area with Upminster to the west, with open fields separating it from [[Harold Wood]] in the north, [[Great Warley]] to the east and [[North Ockendon]] to the southeast. Franks Wood and [[Cranham Brickfields]] are designated a [[Site of Importance for Nature Conservation]] with a habitat of [[ancient woodland]], coppices, ditches, scrub, tall herbs and neutral grassland.<ref name="nature_havering">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4369 |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |date=10 September 2007 |access-date=23 February 2010 |title=Franks Wood and Cranham Brickfields |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192125/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4369 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> The [[Community forests in England|community forest]] centre for the extensive [[Thames Chase]] is located in the open land to the south east.<ref name="thames chase">{{Cite web | url=http://www.thameschase.org.uk/directions.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218113827/http://www.thameschase.org.uk/directions.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 February 2007 | title=Location Map for the Thames Chase Forest Centre, Broadfields, Pike Lane, Cranham, Upminster | publisher=[[Thames Chase]] | access-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref> Cranham forms part of the Upminster [[post town]] in the [[RM postcode area|RM14 postcode district]].<ref name=rm_guide>{{Cite book| publisher=Royal Mail Group | author=Royal Mail | year=2004 | title=Address Management Guide | page=168 | author-link=Royal Mail }}</ref> Climate data for Cranham is taken from the nearest weather station at [[Greenwich]], around {{convert|12|mi|km|1}} southwest of All Saints church:
{{Greenwich weatherbox}}

==Demography==
{| class="wikitable" align="right" style=font-size:85%;margin-left:10px;
! colspan="6" |Cranham compared (2001 Census)
|-
! Statistic || Upminster<ref name=stat_upminster/> || Cranham<ref name=stat_cranham/> || Havering<ref name=stat_upminster/> || London<ref name=stat_upminster/> || England<ref name=stat_upminster/>
|-
! colspan="6" | Ethnic group
|-
| White
| 12,354 || 11,930 || 213,421 || 5,103,203 || 44,679,361
|-
| Asian
| 133 || 120 || 4,088 || 866,693 || 2,248,289
|-
| Black
| 59 || 64 || 3,139 || 782,849 ||1,132,508
|-
| Mixed
| 87 || 78 || 2,298 || 226,111 || 643,373
|-
| Chinese/Other
| 41 || 19 || 827 || 70,928 || 231,424
|-
! colspan="6" | Population
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''12,674'''|| '''12,242'''  || '''224,248''' || '''7,172,091''' || '''49,138,831'''
|-
| Density(/hectare)
| 5.62 || 18.67 || 19.97 || 45.62 || 3.77
|-
| Households
| 4,946 || 5,111 || 91,722 || 3,015,997 ||	20,451,427
|}
Demographic data is produced by the [[Office for National Statistics]] for the wards of Cranham and Upminster. All of Cranham is contained within these wards, however they also cover the connected settlement of [[Upminster]] and the rural outlier of [[North Ockendon]]. In 2001 the population of Upminster ward was 12,674<ref name=stat_upminster>{{Cite web | title=2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Upminster (Ward) | author=Neighbourhood Statistics | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | year=2001 | url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&c=romford+town&d=14&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1250418652857&enc=1&areaSearchText=upminster&areaSearchType=14&extendedList=false&searchAreas= | access-date=23 February 2010 | archive-date=13 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613043217/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&c=romford+town&d=14&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1250418652857&enc=1&areaSearchText=upminster&areaSearchType=14&extendedList=false&searchAreas= | url-status=dead }}</ref> and Cranham ward was 12,242,<ref name=stat_cranham>{{Cite web | title=2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Cranham (Ward) | author=Neighbourhood Statistics | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | year=2001 | url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=6096871&c=cranham&d=14&g=336496&i=1001x1003&m=0&r=1&s=1250418744778&enc=1&domainId=16 | access-date=23 February 2010 | archive-date=13 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613043225/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=6096871&c=cranham&d=14&g=336496&i=1001x1003&m=0&r=1&s=1250418744778&enc=1&domainId=16 | url-status=dead }}</ref> giving a total population of 25,098. 80.95% in Upminster and 81.73% in Cranham report their religion as Christian, compared to 76.13% for Havering, 58.23% in London and 71.74% in England. 10.08% in Upminster and 10.46% in Cranham report having no religion, compared to 13.18% in Havering, 15.76% in London and 14.59% in England.<ref name=stat_upminster/><ref name=stat_cranham/> With a [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|black and minority ethnic]] population of 3% in 2001, Cranham and Upminster wards have the lowest [[Simpson index]] for ethnic diversity in London.<ref name="gla diversity">{{Cite web | url=http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/gla/publications/factsandfigures/dmag-briefing-2006-2.pdf | title=Simpson's diversity indices by ward 1991 and 2001 | author=Piggott, Gareth | work=Data Management and Analysis Group | publisher=Greater London Authority | date=January 2006 | access-date=23 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094037/http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/gla/publications/factsandfigures/dmag-briefing-2006-2.pdf | archive-date=4 June 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The level of [[Owner-occupier|home ownership]] is atypically high compared to the rest of London and England, with over 90% of housing tenure under owner-occupation in both wards.<ref name=tenure_upminster>{{Cite web | title=Area: Upminster (Ward): Tenure (KS18) | url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6113906&c=upminster&d=14&e=7&g=337152&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1265616037044&enc=1&dsFamilyId=53 | work=Neighbourhood Statistics | date=9 November 2004 | access-date=23 February 2010 | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | archive-date=12 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612114054/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6113906&c=upminster&d=14&e=7&g=337152&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1265616037044&enc=1&dsFamilyId=53 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=tenure_cranham>{{Cite web | title=Area: Cranham (Ward): Tenure (KS18) | url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6113890&c=cranham&d=14&e=7&g=336496&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1265616243680&enc=1&dsFamilyId=53 | work=Neighbourhood Statistics | date=9 November 2004 | access-date=23 February 2010 | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | archive-date=12 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612114114/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6113890&c=cranham&d=14&e=7&g=336496&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1265616243680&enc=1&dsFamilyId=53 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
There are several short parades of shops; the largest on Front Lane, dominated by a [[Tesco Express]] store.<ref name="tesco">{{Cite web | url=http://www.tesco.com/storelocator/access/details.asp?bID=3329&l=U | title=Cranham Tesco Express | publisher=Tesco | access-date=23 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928083031/http://www.tesco.com/storelocator/access/details.asp?bID=3329&l=U | archive-date=28 September 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The nearest significant activity centre identified in the [[London Plan]] is the local district centre at [[Upminster]].<ref name=east_plan/> Within Havering, Upminster is identified as the nearest of seven main town centres.<ref name="town centres">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=379 |title=Town centre management |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |date=14 October 2008 |access-date=9 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219031529/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=379 |archive-date=19 December 2008 }}</ref> There are a number of commercial businesses centred around the A127 Southend Arterial Road including a wholesale butcher, mushroom cultivator, caravan sales, and a [[sports equipment]] supplier.<ref name="register havering">{{Cite web | url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/t/Food_RegistrationsJan%2707.pdf | title=Public Register – Food Registrations | date=10 January 2007 | access-date=23 February 2010 | publisher=Havering London Borough Council }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There are a limited number of hospitality venues, including pubs and a popular tandoori restaurant.<ref name="award">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16052 |title=Night fever sweeps Havering as award winners announced |date=17 June 2009 |access-date=23 February 2010 |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109044217/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16052 |archive-date=9 November 2010 }}</ref>

==Transport==
{{further|Transport in London|Public transport in Havering}}
[[File:Floodlight Tower, LTE Depot, Cranham, Upmister - geograph.org.uk - 19553.jpg|thumb|Two floodlight towers in the London Underground depot are the tallest structures in Cranham]]
Front Lane is the main road through Cranham and runs north to south, connecting with the [[A127 road]] in the north. Approximately {{convert|0.5|mi}} to the northeast it has a junction with the [[M25 motorway]], which forms the outer ring road of London. Cranham is the location of the Upminster depot of the [[London Underground]]'s [[District line]].<ref name="depot">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/12433.html |title=Upminster depot celebrates 50th anniversary |publisher=[[Transport for London]] |date=24 August 2009 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425190624/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/12433.html |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref> The nearest London Underground station is at [[Upminster station|Upminster]], approximately {{convert|0.75|mi}} to the west. The [[London, Tilbury and Southend line|London-Tilbury-Southend line]] of the [[National Rail]] network passes through the area in two places, with the nearest station also at Upminster. There are [[Transport for London]] bus service to Upminster, [[Hornchurch]], [[Romford]], and [[Ockendon station]] on routes [[London Buses route 248|248]], [[London Buses route 346|346]] and [[London Buses route 347|347]].<ref name="bus">{{Cite web| url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/gettingaround/maps/buses/pdf/upminster-2272.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628132117/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/gettingaround/maps/buses/pdf/upminster-2272.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-28 |url-status=live | title=Buses from Upminster | publisher=[[Greater London Authority]] |author=Transport for London | date=1 March 2008 |  access-date= 23 February 2010| author-link=Transport for London }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Cranham havering london main shops.jpg|left|thumb|Willow Parade and shops on Front Lane]]
All Saints' parish church was rebuilt in 1873 and is a grade II listed building. [[James Oglethorpe]], the founder of the state of [[Georgia (U.S. State)|Georgia]], now part of the United States of America, is buried with his wife at the centre of its chancel.<ref name="church havering">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=8849 |title=All Saints Church, The Chase, Cranham |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215095825/http://havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=8849 |archive-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref><ref name="all saints">{{Cite web|url=http://www.allsaintscranham.co.uk/generaloglethorpe.html |title=All Saints' Cranham |date=7 May 2010 |access-date=22 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903191918/http://www.allsaintscranham.co.uk/generaloglethorpe.html |archive-date=3 September 2011 }}</ref> The area around the church forms a conservation area.<ref name="conservation area">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2359&p=0 |title=Cranham Conservation Area |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |date=6 February 2006 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608191950/http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=2359&p=0 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> There is a second church called St Luke's further north on Front Lane.<ref name="st lukes">{{Cite web| url=http://www.stlukescranham.org | title=St Luke's Cranham with Moor Lane Church | year=2009 | access-date=22 May 2010 }}</ref> [[Cranham Hall]], the former manor house, is a grade II listed building. There are two community associations that are both registered charities.<ref name="community"/><ref name="soc hall"/> The Cranham Community Association operates a broad range of sporting, self-improvement and hobby activities at Cranham Community Centre on Marlborough Gardens.<ref name="community">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=15494 |title=Cranham Community Association |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |date=19 January 2010 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192352/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=15494 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> Cranham Social Hall, with a capacity of 100, is separately operated by the Front Lane Community Association, and provides a limited range of activities.<ref name="soc hall">{{Cite web| url= http://www.cranhamsocialhall.co.uk/ | title=Welcome to Cranham Social Hall Website |  access-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Cranham Social Hall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=14998 |title=Cranham Social Hall (Front Lane Community Association) |publisher=Havering London Borough Council |date=19 January 2010 |access-date=23 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192852/http://www.havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=14998 |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref> The main cultural and entertainment facilities of the borough are located in Hornchurch and Romford.<ref name=urban_strategy>{{Cite web | url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=4743&p=0 | title=Romford Urban Strategy | author=Urban Practitioners & Allies and Morrison | publisher=Havering London Borough Council | date=July 2005 | access-date=23 February 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608211323/http://www.havering.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=4743&p=0 | archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==See also==
*[[List of people from Havering]]
*[[List of schools in Havering]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101123090209/http://havering.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4705 Havering London Borough Council: A history of Cranham]

{{LB Havering}}

{{Good article}}

[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Havering]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Conservation areas in London]]