Editing Crown

{{Short description|Form of headwear, symbolizing the power of a ruler}}
{{Other uses}}
{{too many images|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Imperial State Crown.png|thumb|[[Imperial State Crown]] of the United Kingdom]]
[[File:Crown of Constance of Aragon - Cathedral of Palermo - Italy 2015.JPG|thumb|Imperial Crown of [[Kingdom of Sicily]] (Crown of Constance of Aragon, [[Cathedral of Palermo]]).|alt=Corona di Costanza d'Aragona.]]
[[File:Benkan Kōmei Tennō.jpg|thumb|[[Benkan of Emperor Kōmei|Imperial Crown (''Benkan'') of Emperor Kōmei]] of Japan]]
[[File:Austria-03356 - Austrian Imperial Crown (32121434203).jpg|thumb|[[Imperial Crown of Austria]]]]
[[File:Imperial Crown of Russia (copy by Smolensk Diamonds company, 2012) - photo by Shakko 01.JPG|thumb|[[Imperial Crown of Russia]], 2012 replica]]
[[File:MET DP-1041-001.jpg|thumb|Vajracarya's Ritual Crown, Ancient [[Nepal]]]]
[[File:서봉총 금관 금제드리개.jpg|thumb|The [[Crowns of Silla|Seobongchong Golden Crown]] of Ancient [[Silla]], which is 339th National Treasure of [[South Korea]]. It is basically following the standard type of Silla's Crown. It was excavated by Swedish Crown Prince [[Gustaf VI Adolf]] in 1926.]]

A '''crown''' is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by [[monarch]]s as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself (and, by extension, the state of which said monarch is head) as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (that is, ''[[The Crown]]''). A specific type of crown (or [[coronet]] for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in [[heraldry]] under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium.

==Variations==
* [[Costume]] headgear imitating a monarch's crown is also called a crown hat. Such costume crowns may be worn by actors portraying a monarch, people at costume parties, or ritual "monarchs" such as the king of a [[Carnival]] [[krewe]], or the person who found the trinket in a [[king cake]].
* The '''nuptial crown''', sometimes called a '''coronal''', worn by a bride, and sometimes the bridegroom, at her wedding is found in many European cultures since ancient times. In the present day, it is most common in [[Eastern Orthodox]] cultures. The Eastern Orthodox marriage service has a section called the crowning, wherein the bride and groom are crowned as "king" and "queen" of their future household.  In Greek weddings, the crowns are [[Diadem (personal wear)|diadem]]s usually made of white flowers, synthetic or real, often adorned with [[silver]] or [[mother of pearl]].  They are placed on the heads of the newlyweds and are held together by a ribbon of white [[silk]].  They are then kept by the couple as a reminder of their special day. In Slavic weddings, the crowns are usually made of ornate metal, designed to resemble an imperial crown, and are held above the newlyweds' heads by their best men.  A parish usually owns one set to use for all the couples that are married there since these are much more expensive than Greek-style crowns. This was common in Catholic countries in the past.
* Crowns are also often used as symbols of religious status or veneration, by divinities (or their representation such as a statue) or by their representatives (e.g., the [[Black Crown]] of the Karmapa Lama) sometimes used a model for wider use by devotees. 
* According to the [[New Testament]], a [[crown of thorns]] was placed on the head of [[Jesus]] before his [[crucifixion]]; it has become a common symbol of martyrdom. 
* According to [[Roman Catholic]] [[sacred tradition|tradition]], the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] was crowned as [[Queen of Heaven]] after her [[Assumption of Mary|assumption]] into [[Heaven#In Roman Catholicism|heaven]]. She is often depicted wearing a crown, and statues of her in churches and [[Shrines to the Virgin Mary|shrines]] are [[May crowning|ceremonially crowned]] during May.
* The [[Crown of Immortality]] is also common in historical symbolism.
* The heraldic symbol of [[Three Crowns]], referring to the three evangelical [[Biblical Magi|Magi (wise men)]], traditionally called kings, is believed thus to have become the symbol of the Swedish kingdom, but it also fits the historical (personal, dynastic) [[Kalmar Union]] (1397–1520) between the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
* In [[India]], crowns are known as ''[[makuṭa|makuta]]'' ([[Sanskrit]] for "crest"), and have been used in India since ancient times and are described adorning Hindu gods or kings. The makuta style was then copied by the [[Indianized kingdoms]] that was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist concept of kingship in Southeast Asia, such as in Java and Bali in Indonesia, Cambodia, Burma and Thailand.
* In East Asia, there were crowns such as the Chinese ''[[mianguan]]'' and Japanese ''[[benkan]]'' worn by emperors.
* Dancers of certain traditional [[Thai dance]]s often wear crowns (''[[chada and mongkut|mongkut]]'') on their head. These are inspired in the crowns worn by deities and [[Great Crown of Victory|by kings]].
* In pre-Colonial [[Philippines]] crown-like [[diadem]]s, or ''putong'', were worn by [[Maharlika|elite individuals]] and [[Philippine Mythology|deities]], among an array of golden ornaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayalamuseum.org/2014/02/04/gold-of-ancestors/|title=Gold of Ancestors - Ayala Museum|first=Alex|last=Itsios|website=www.ayalamuseum.org|access-date=2017-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625041431/http://www.ayalamuseum.org/2014/02/04/gold-of-ancestors/|archive-date=2017-06-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filipiknow.net/facts-about-pre-colonial-philippines/|title=12 Surprising Facts You Didn't Know About Ancient Philippines|date=4 July 2018|access-date=1 July 2017|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709140708/http://www.filipiknow.net/facts-about-pre-colonial-philippines/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The ''[[shamsa (crown)|shamsa]]'' was a massive, jewel-inlaid ceremonial crown hung by a chain that was part of the regalia of the [[Abbasid caliphate|Abbasid]] and [[Fatimid caliphate|Fatimid]] Caliphates.<ref name="Halm 1997">{{cite book |last1=Halm |first1=H. |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C.E. |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W.P. |editor4-last=Lecomte |editor4-first=G. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10422-4 |pages=298–9 |url=https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325222100/https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf |archive-date=2022-03-25 |url-status=live |access-date=13 June 2022 |chapter=SHAMSA}}</ref>

==Terminology==
Three distinct categories of crowns exist in those [[monarchy|monarchies]] that use crowns or state regalia.

; [[Coronation crown|Coronation]]: Worn by monarchs when being [[coronation|crowned]].
; [[State crown|State]]: Worn by monarchs on other state occasions.
; [[Consort crown]]s: Worn by a [[queen consort|consort]], signifying rank granted as a [[constitution]]al courtesy [[protocol (diplomacy)|protocol]].

Crowns or similar headgear, as worn by [[nobility]] and other high-ranking people below the ruler, are in English often called [[coronet|coronets]]; however, in many languages, this distinction is not made and the same word is used for both types of headgear (e.g., French ''couronne'', German ''Krone'', Dutch ''kroon''). In some of these languages the term "rank crown" (''rangkroon'', etc.) refers to the way these crowns may be ranked according to hierarchical status.
In [[classical antiquity]], the crown (''corona'') that was sometimes awarded to people other than rulers, such as triumphal [[military]] [[general]]s or [[sportsperson|athlete]]s, was actually a [[wreath (attire)|wreath]] or chaplet, or ribbon-like [[diadem (personal wear)|diadem]].

==History==
[[File:King of Persis Ardashir II with crown 1st century CE.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Crown of [[King of Persis]] [[Ardakhshir II]], 1st century BC.]]

Crowns have been discovered in pre-historic times from [[Haryana]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/005435.html|title=Stone Pages Archaeo News: 4,000-year-old copper crown unearthed in India|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928034831/https://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/005435.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The precursor to the crown was the browband called the [[diadem (personal wear)|diadem]], which had been worn by the [[Achaemenid|Achaemenid Persian emperors]]. It was adopted by [[Constantine I]] and was worn by all subsequent rulers of the later Roman Empire.
Almost all Sassanid kings wore crowns. One of the most famous kings who left numerous statues, reliefs, and coins of crowns is the king [[Shapur I]].

Numerous [[Crowns of Egypt|crowns of various forms]] were used in antiquity, such as the [[Hedjet]], [[Deshret]], [[Pschent]] (double crown) and [[Khepresh]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Pharaonic Egypt]]. The Pharaohs of Egypt also wore the diadem, which was associated with solar cults, an association which was not completely lost, as it was later revived under the Roman Emperor Augustus.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muslim Kingship: Power and the Sacred in Muslim, Christian and Pagan Politics|last=Al-Azmeh|first=Aziz|publisher=I.B. Tauris Publications|year=2001|isbn=1-86064-609-3|location=London|pages=12}}</ref> By the time of the Pharaoh Amenophis III (r.1390–1352c)  wearing a diadem clearly became a symbol of royalty. The [[Wreaths and crowns in antiquity|wreaths and crowns of classical antiquity]] were sometimes made from natural materials such as laurel, myrtle, olive, or wild celery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of Panhellenic Games Received Victory Wreaths |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/victory-wreaths-at-the-ancient-olympics-120135 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310175033/https://www.thoughtco.com/victory-wreaths-at-the-ancient-olympics-120135 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ''corona radiata'', the "[[radiant crown]]" known best on the [[Statue of Liberty]], and perhaps worn by the [[Helios]] that was the [[Colossus of Rhodes]], was worn by Roman emperors as part of the cult of [[Sol Invictus]] prior to the [[Roman Empire]]'s conversion to Christianity. It was referred to as "the chaplet studded with sunbeams" by [[Lucian]], about 180&nbsp;AD.<ref>in [http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/lucian/lucian_alexander.htm ''Alexander the false prophet''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126000745/http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/lucian/lucian_alexander.htm |date=2016-11-26 }})</ref>

[[File:Iron Crown.JPG|thumb| The [[Iron Crown of Lombardy]]. ]]
In the Christian tradition of European cultures, where ecclesiastical sanction authenticates monarchic power when a new monarch ascends the throne, the crown is placed on the new monarch's head by a religious official in a coronation ceremony. Some, though not all, early [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s travelled to Rome at some point in their careers to be crowned by the pope. [[Napoleon]], according to legend, surprised [[Pius VII]] when he reached out and crowned himself, although in reality this order of ceremony had been pre-arranged.

Today, only the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British Monarchy]] and [[Monarchy of Tonga|Tongan Monarchy]], with their anointed and crowned monarchs, continue this tradition, although many monarchies retain a crown as a national symbol. The [[French Crown Jewels]] were sold in 1885 on the orders of the [[Third French Republic]], with only a token number, their precious stones replaced by glass, retained for historic reasons and displayed in the [[Louvre]]. The [[Spanish Crown Jewels]] were destroyed in a major fire in the 18th century while the so-called "[[Irish Crown Jewels]]" (actually merely the British Sovereign's insignia of the [[Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick]]) were stolen from [[Dublin Castle]] in 1907, just before the investiture of [[Bernard Edward Barnaby FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown]].

The [[Georgian Crown|Crown]] of King [[George XII of Georgia]] made of gold and decorated with 145 diamonds, 58 rubies, 24 emeralds, and 16 amethysts. It took the form of a circlet surmounted by ornaments and eight arches. A [[globus cruciger|globe surmounted by a cross]] rested on the top of the crown.

Special headgear to designate rulers dates back to pre-history, and is found in many separate civilizations around the globe. Commonly, rare and precious materials are incorporated into the crown, but that is only essential for the notion of crown jewels. [[Gold]] and precious [[gemstone|jewel]]s are common in western and oriental crowns. In the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] civilizations of the [[Pre-Columbian]] [[New World]], rare [[feather]]s, such as that of the [[quetzal]], often decorated crowns; so too in Polynesia (e.g., Hawaii).

[[Coronation|Coronation ceremonies]] are often combined with other rituals, such as enthronement (the throne is as much a symbol of monarchy as the crown) and anointing (again, a religious sanction, the only defining act in the Biblical tradition of Israel).

In other cultures, no crown is used in the equivalent of coronation, but the head may still be otherwise symbolically adorned; for example, with a royal ''[[tikka (forehead mark)|tikka]]'' in the Hindu tradition of India.
{{Clear left}}

==Gallery==
<gallery perrow="7">
File:Behistun Darius the Great.jpg|Crown of [[Darius the Great]], {{circa|500 BC}}.
File:Golden crown Armento Staatliche Antikensammlungen 01.jpg|The ancient Greek [[Kritonios Crown]], funerary or marriage material, 370–360 BCE, from a grave in [[Armento]], [[Basilicata]] ([[Staatliche Antikensammlungen|State Collections of Antiquities]], [[Munich]]).
File:TillyaTepeCrown.jpg|[[Tillya Tepe]] Crown (Afghanistan, 1st century AD)
File:Ottonische Königskrone.jpg|The [[Essen Crown]], the world's oldest lily crown (10th or 11th century), [[Essen Cathedral Treasury|cathedral treasury]], [[Essen Minster]], [[Essen]]
File:Papal Tiara with silver gems pearls.jpg|The [[Papal tiara]], worn by the [[pope]]s to symbolize their authority within the [[Catholic Church]], was last used in 1963 ([[St. Peter's Basilica]], [[Vatican City]]).
File:Couronne du Saint-Empire.jpg|[[Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire]], c. 962, [[Imperial Treasury, Vienna|Imperial Treasury]], [[Vienna]]
File:Saint Edward's Crown.jpg|[[St Edward's Crown]] (1661)
File:Österreichische Erzherzoghut.jpg|[[Archducal hat|Archducal hat of Austria]], c. 1616, [[Klosterneuburg Monastery]]
File:CrownBohemia3.jpg|[[Crown of Saint Wenceslas]], 1346 ([[Lands of the Bohemian Crown]]), [[St. Vitus Cathedral]], [[Prague]]
File:Corona de la Virgen de los Reyes (Catedral de Sevilla).jpg|Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings (''Corona de la Virgen de los Reyes Coronada''), 1904, [[Seville Cathedral]]
File:Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes MET DP365520.jpg|[[Crown of the Andes]], ca. 1660-1770, made for a larger than life-size statue of the Virgin Mary in the [[Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Popayán|Cathedral of Popayán]], [[Colombia]]. Now is at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes | website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] website | url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/21698 | access-date=2023-06-04 | archive-date=2023-05-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518234503/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/21698 | url-status=live }}</ref>
File:Isabelle catile crown.jpg|Crown of [[Isabella of Castile]] in the [[Royal Chapel of Granada]]
File:Corona de la Virgen del Sagrario (Tesoro catedralicio de Toledo).jpg|Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle  of [[Cathedral of Toledo]], c. 15th century, Spain
File:ImperialMexicanCrown1.jpg|[[Imperial Crown of Mexico|Imperial crown of]] [[Maximilian I of Mexico]] (1864-1867) as funerary insignia, located in the [[Imperial Furniture Collection]] in Vienna.
File:Coroa Imperial do Brasil.jpg|[[Imperial Crown of Brazil|Imperial Crown]] of [[Pedro II of Brazil]] (1841)
File:Kroon van Nederland.jpg|[[Crown of the Netherlands]]
File:Crown Kings Bavaria Munich.jpg|[[Crown of Bavaria|Crown]] of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] (Paris 1806), [[Munich Residenz]]
File:Hungarian Parliament 002 - Flickr - granada turnier.jpg|The [[Holy Crown of Hungary]], also called the Crown of Saint Stephen, of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (Byzantine work, [[Constantinople]] (Istanbul), 11th century), Hungarian Parliament Building, [[Budapest]]
File:Badische Krone (1).JPG|[[Grand Ducal Crown of Baden]], 1811 ([[Karlsruhe Palace]]), made of a wire frame reinforced with [[paperboard]], crimson coloured [[velvet]], gold-plated sheet silver, yellow [[silk]] [[taffeta]] embroidered with gold threads, set with gold-plated [[sequins]], diamonds and rubies.
File:Württembergische Königskrone.jpg|[[Crown of Württemberg]], [[Württemberg State Museum]], [[Stuttgart]] (1806)
File:Weltliche Schatzkammer Wien (131).JPG|[[Crown of Stephen Bocskai]] (Turkish goldwork, c. 1605, [[Imperial Treasury, Vienna]])
File:Corona Prusia2.jpg|[[Crown of Wilhelm II]] of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[Hohenzollern Castle]]
File:Crown of Princess Blanche.jpg|The [[Palatine Crown]], also called the Bohemian Crown, of Princess [[Blanche of England]], c. 1370–80, [[Munich Residenz]]
File:KarlsbusteKrone1.jpg|Emperor's Crown on the [[Bust of Charlemagne]] ([[Mosan art#Metalwork|Mosan goldwork]], c. 1350), [[Aachen Cathedral]]
File:Krone der Kaiserin Kunigunde.JPG|Crown of [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Empress Cunigunde]] c. 1060–1070, Munich Residenz
File:Gotische Lilienkrone aus Bamberg.JPG|Gothic lily crown of [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Empress Cunigunde]], 14th century (Munich Residenz)
File:Schatzkammer Residenz Muenchen Krone Heinrich II 1270.jpg|[[Reliquary Crown of Henry II]], [[Munich Residenz]] c. 1270–1300
File:Köler Regalia of Augustus III of Poland 05.jpg|Crown of [[Augustus III of Poland]] c. 1733
File:St. Johann Johannes Büste Krone.jpg|Crown on the bust of [[John the Baptist]], c. 1370, St. Johann-Baptist church, [[Aachen]]
File:Münchner Residenz - Schatzkammer 044.jpg|Crown of [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Queen Therese of Bavaria]] (c. 1830), Munich Residenz
File:Aachen Germany Domschatz Crown-Margaret-of-York-01.jpg|Crown of [[Margaret of York]] c. 1461, [[Aachen Cathedral]]
File:Výstava valtice7.jpg|[[Kiani Crown]] ([[Iran]]-[[Qajar dynasty]])
File:Pahlavi Crown.jpg|[[Pahlavi Crown]] ([[Iran]]-[[Pahlavi dynasty]])
File:Výstava valtice6.JPG|[[Empress Crown]] ([[Iran]]-[[Pahlavi dynasty]])
File:Crown jewels Poland 10.JPG|Replica of the destroyed [[Crown of Bolesław I the Brave]] of [[Poland]].
File:Medieval Crown of Bulgaria.jpg|Medieval Crown of [[Bulgaria]] kept in the National history museum of Bulgaria
File:Armoury-flickr09.jpg|[[Russian Tsardom|Russian tsar's]] [[Monomakh's Cap|crown]] (14th century)
File:Royal crown of Sweden.jpg|[[Crown of Eric XIV|Royal Crown of Sweden]] (1561)
File:King of Finland's crown2.jpg|Replica of the crown designed for the [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|Finnish monarch]], who never reigned. A contemporary crown was never crafted, but the replica was made from original drawings in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-29 |title=Gemstone Gallery |url=http://www.visitkemi.fi/en/terms-and-conditions/10-p%C3%A4%C3%A4sivut/99-jalokivigalleria-en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529120502/http://www.visitkemi.fi/en/terms-and-conditions/10-p%C3%A4%C3%A4sivut/99-jalokivigalleria-en |archive-date=2018-05-29  |access-date=2022-10-04 }}</ref>
File:Imperial Crown of Napoleon III. (Reproduction by Abeler, Wuppertal).png|Reproduction of Imperial Crown of [[Napoleon III of France]].
File:Chinese Imperial Mian, Dingling.jpg|The [[Mianguan|Imperial crown]] of [[Emperor of China|Chinese emperor]] ([[Ming Dynasty]]) (1368–1644)
File:The Queen at the Scottish Parliament - crop.jpg|[[Crown of Scotland]] (1540) at the [[Parliament of Scotland]], (Kept at [[Edinburgh Castle]])
File:KrunaKaradjordjevica.jpg|[[Karađorđević Crown]] (Serbia)
File:Makuta Binokasih.jpg|''Makuta Binokasih'', the crown of [[Sunda Kingdom]], 14th century West Java, Indonesia
File:Mahkota Sultan Banten Koleksi Museum Nasional NO. INV. E 619.jpg|The crown of [[Banten Sultanate]], 16th century [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]]
File:Denmark crown.jpg|The crown of King [[Christian IV of Denmark]] (16th century), currently located in [[Rosenborg Castle]], [[Copenhagen]].
File:Crowns, Musée du Louvre, April 2011blackened.jpg|Crown of [[Louis XV]]
File:Crown of George XII of Georgia.jpeg|[[Georgian Crown|Crown]] of King [[George XII of Georgia]]
File:Mahkota Sultan Kutai 4.jpg|The crown of [[Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate]], 19th century [[East Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]]
File:The Great Crown of Victory of the Royal Yacht Mahachakri (II).jpg|The [[Great Crown of Victory]] (Thailand)
File:Ceremonial crown Nepal BM 1961.12-14.1.jpg|Imperial Crowns of Head of the States of [[Kingdom of Nepal]] (19th century). Preserved
File:Kingdom of Iran Pahlavi Golden Crown.svg|[[Kingdom of Iran]] Pahlavi Golden Crown
File:Crown of the King of Norway (fictional).svg|Crown of the King of Norway
File:Heraldic Imperial Crown of Russia.svg|Heraldic crown of the Russian Empire.
File:Royal Crown of Tonga.svg|Heraldic version of the crown of [[Tonga]].
File:Pio Nono Tiara.JPG|The [[Palatine tiara]] of [[Pope Pius IX]] (19th Century)
File:Benkan emperor komei.jpg|The [[Benkan|Imperial crown]] of [[Emperor of Japan|Japanese emperor]] [[Emperor Kōmei|Kōmei (1831–1867)]].
File:Crown of Flowers (William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1884).jpg|''Crown of [[Wreath (attire)|Flowers]]'', by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], 1884.
File:Ströhl Heraldischer Atlas t15 5.jpg|Ströhl's ''Heraldischer Atlas'', 1899
File:ImperialCrownOfIndia2.jpg|The [[Imperial Crown of India]], worn by [[King George V|Emperor George V]] at his [[Delhi Durbar]] (1911).
File:Tiara Benedict XVI.JPG|[[Papal tiara|Tiara]] of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] (21st Century)
File:Brooklyn Museum 70.109.1a-b Beaded Crown Ade of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu Ogoga of Ikere 1890-1928.jpg|[[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] [[Oba's crown]] of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu; late 19th century
File%3A서봉총_금관_금제드리개.jpg|Gold crown from Seobongchong Tumulus, [[Silla]] dynasty; 5th-6th century
File:Coroanei de Otel.jpg|Crown of [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]] forged from an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] cannon captured by the [[Romanian Army]] during the [[Romanian War of Independence|1877-1878 War]]. 
</gallery>

==Numismatics==
Because one or more crowns, alone or as part of a more elaborate design, often appear on coins, several monetary denominations came to be known as '[[Crown (British coin)|a crown]]' or the equivalent word in the local language, such as ''krone''. This persists in the case of the national currencies of the Scandinavian countries and the Czech Republic.  The generic term "crown sized" is frequently used for any coin roughly the size of an American [[Dollar coin (United States)|silver dollar]] (ie., approximately 26.5mm diameter).

== See also ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Benkan]]
* [[Circlet]]
* [[Coronet]]
* [[Crown jewels]]
* [[Diadem (personal wear)|Diadem]]
* [[Fengguan]]
* [[Helmet]]
* [[Holy Crown of Hungary]] (Crown of St. Stephen)
* [[Hoop crown]]
* [[Crown (heraldry)|Heraldic crowns]]
* [[Imperial crown|Imperial Crown]]
* [[Korymbos (headgear)]]
* [[Laurel wreath]]
* [[Makuṭa]]
* [[Mianguan]]
* [[Mitre]]
* [[Goffa]]
* [[Nemes]]
* [[Oba's crown]]
* [[Papal tiara]]
* [[Polos]]
* [[Presidential sash]]
* [[Pschent]]
* [[Tiara]]
* [[Chada and mongkut]]
* [[List of Royal Crowns]]
* [[Ukpe-okhue]] 
* [[War bonnet]]
* [[Hat]]
* [[Tefillin]]}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Crowns}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Crown and Coronet |volume=7 |pages=515–518 |first=Thomas Macall  |last=Fallow}}

{{Crowns}}
{{Types of crowns}}
{{Jewellery}}
{{Coronation}}
{{Historical clothing}}
{{Headgear}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Crowns (headgear)| ]]
[[Category:Formal insignia]]
[[Category:Headgear]]
[[Category:Types of jewellery]]
[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:State ritual and ceremonies]]