Editing DIP switch

{{Short description|Manual electric switch that is packaged with others in a group in a standard dual in-line package}}
[[File:Nedap ESD1 - printer controller - DIP switch - all off-91979.jpg|thumb|A slide-style DIP switch soldered into a [[printed circuit board]] (PCB)]]
[[File:SPST-Switch.svg|thumb|Schematic symbol for each individual switch]]

A '''DIP switch''' is a manual [[electric switch]] that is packaged with others in a group in a standard [[dual in-line package]] (DIP). The term may refer to each individual switch, or to the unit as a whole. This type of switch is designed to be used on a [[printed circuit board]] along with other [[electronics|electronic]] components and is commonly used to customize the behavior of an electronic device for specific situations.

DIP switches are an alternative to [[jumper (computing)|jumper]] blocks. Their main advantages are that they are quicker to change and there are no parts to lose.

==History==
US patent 3621157, filed in 1970 by Pierre Schwab,<ref name="Patent3621157">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US3621157 U.S. Patent 3621157.]: "Miniature switch with multiple cam-operated switch contacts", filed June 1, 1970.</ref> is the earliest known DIP switch patent, which discloses a rotary style DIP switch.

US patent 4012608, filed in 1975 by Joseph Lockard,<ref name="Patent4012608">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US4012608 U.S. Patent 4012608.]: "Miniature switch with substantial wiping action", filed March 25, 1975.</ref> is a DIP switch with sliding levers, the modern DIP switch.

==Types==
The slide, rocker, and piano types, which are very common, are arrays of simple [[single pole, single throw]] (SPST) contacts, each of which can be either on or off. This allows each switch to select a one-bit binary value. The values of all switches in the package can also be interpreted as one number. For example, seven switches offer 128 (2<sup>7</sup>) combinations, allowing them to select a standard ASCII character. Eight switches offer 256 (2<sup>8</sup>) combinations, which is equivalent to one [[byte]].

A tri-state type DIP switch can be in one of three positions (+, 0, −) which allows more codes than a binary DIP switch. For example, 8 pole [[Three-state logic|tri-state]] DIP switches offer 6,561 (3<sup>8</sup>) combinations/codes compared to 8 pole binary switches' 256 (2<sup>8</sup>) combinations/codes. This makes them especially suitable for encoding devices such as a remote controller.

Rotary DIP switches contain multiple [[electrical contact]]s, one of which is selected by rotating the switch to align it with a number printed on the package. Some have a knob that can be turned by fingers, or a small slot that requires a [[screwdriver]] to change them. Typically, rotary types are available in two different types of output, 1) a binary encoded output, where 10 ([[Binary-coded decimal|BCD]]) or 16 (hex) choices are encoded into a 4-bit binary output, or 5 to 8 choices are encoded into a 3-bit binary output. 2) a rotary version of a multipole slide switch where one signal has a choice between multiple connections, such as SPDT, SP3T, SP4T.

The DIP switch package also has socket pins or mounting leads to provide an electrical path from the switch contacts to the circuit board. Although circuits can use the electrical contacts directly, it is more common to convert them into high and low signals. In this case, the circuit board also needs interface circuitry for the DIP switch, consisting of a series of pull-up or pull-down resistors, a buffer, decode logic, and other components.<ref name="Patent5010445">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US5010445 U.S. Patent 5010445.]: "DIP switch with built-in active interfacing circuitry", filed January 25, 1990.</ref> Typically, the device's [[firmware]] reads the DIP switches when the device is powered on.

[[Single in-line package|Single in-line]] SIP switches are also available, which only have one row of pins instead of the two rows of pins in DIP packages. This saves on pins and space. One of the pins is a common.

With the popularization of [[surface-mount technology]], these switches are now commonly available in non-DIP surface-mount package types. They are, however, still referred to as "DIP switches", as the term has become associated with the style of switch.

<gallery heights="80" widths="120">
RockerDipSwitch.png|Rocker DIP switch
Würth 418317270912 DIP Switch 01.jpg|Piano DIP switch
Sab 2PST DIP Switch.jpg|2PST DIP switches
Electronic-Component-Four-Switch.jpg
Sab Rotary Switch.jpg|Rotary DIP switches: surface-mount (left), [[Through-hole technology|through-hole]] (right)
Miniature Rotary coded switch.jpg|Rotary DIP switches (surface-mount)
Sab Tri state type DIP switch.jpg|Tri-State DIP switch (surface-mount)
</gallery>

==Contacts==
There are many different kinds of DIP switches. Some of the most common are the slide, rocker, piano (side), and rotary types.
Slide / rocker / piano DIP switches are commonly available in 1 to 12 contacts (positions) [[Single pole, single throw|SPST]],<ref>{{cite web |title=DIP Switch Catalog |url=https://www.ckswitches.com/media/1334/dip.pdf |website=C&K Switches |access-date=October 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011084919/https://www.ckswitches.com/media/1334/dip.pdf |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DIP Switch Group |url=https://www.taydaelectronics.com/electromechanical/switches-key-pad/dip-switch.html?dir=asc&limit=all&order=name |website=Tayda Electronics |access-date=October 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011085623/https://www.taydaelectronics.com/electromechanical/switches-key-pad/dip-switch.html?dir=asc&limit=all&order=name |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> though some are available as special order up to 30 contacts (positions).<ref>{{cite web |title=30-position Slide DIP Switch, Part# 3-5161390-0 |url=https://www.te.com/usa-en/product-3-5161390-0.html?q=5161390&d=566356 |website=[[TE Connectivity]] |access-date=October 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011082824/https://www.te.com/usa-en/product-3-5161390-0.html?q=5161390&d=566356 |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Applications==
DIP switches were used extensively in [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]] architecture of PC [[expansion card]]s to select [[interrupt request|IRQ]]s and [[memory address]]es. Before the advent of cheaper, battery-backed RAM, DIP switches were also often used on [[arcade game]]s in the 1980s and early 1990s to enter game settings such as difficulty or the number of credits per coin. DIP switches were very commonly used to set security codes on [[garage door opener]]s as well as on some early [[cordless phone]]s. This design, which used up to 12 switches in a group, was used to avoid [[RF interference]] from other nearby door opener remotes or other devices. Current garage door openers use [[rolling code]] systems for better security.

These types of switches were used on early [[video card]]s for early computers to facilitate compatibility with other video standards. For example, [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]] cards allowed for [[IBM Monochrome Display Adapter|MDA]] compatibility.

After the late 1990s, DIP switches became less common in [[consumer electronics]]. Reasons include the trend toward smaller products, the demand for easier configuration through [[software]] [[menu (computing)|menu]]s or [[plug and play]], and the falling price of [[non-volatile memory]]. However, DIP switches are still widely used in industrial equipment because they are inexpensive and easy to incorporate into circuit designs, and because they allow settings to be checked at a glance without powering the system on.

DIP switches are still used in some [[remote control]]s to prevent interference; for example, to control a [[ceiling fan]] (and its [[light fixture]]) that was [[retrofit]]ted to a single-[[Electrical network|circuit]] [[junction box]]. The DIP switches set a different [[radio frequency]] or address for each [[transmitter]]/[[receiver (radio)|receiver]] pair, so that multiple units can be installed without unintentionally controlling each other.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|DIP switches}}
* [https://www.ckswitches.com/media/1334/dip.pdf DIP Switches] (5MB PDF) - C&K Switches - [https://web.archive.org/web/20181011084919/https://www.ckswitches.com/media/1334/dip.pdf Archive]
* [http://www.ctscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2017.02.02-Switches-Brochure-Web.pdf DIP Switches] (1MB PDF) - CTS - [https://web.archive.org/web/20181011094325/https://www.ctscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2017.02.02-Switches-Brochure-Web.pdf Archive]
* [http://www.grayhill.com/products/dip-switches/ DIP Switches] - Grayhill - [https://web.archive.org/web/20181011111234/http://www.grayhill.com/products/dip-switches/ Archive]
* [https://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=8-1773450-9_SWITCHES_CATALOG&DocType=CS&DocLang=English&DocFilename=ENG_CS_8-1773450-9_SWITCHES_CATALOG_0908.pdf DIP Switches] (33MB PDF) - TE Connectivity - [https://web.archive.org/web/20181011092454/https://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=8-1773450-9_SWITCHES_CATALOG&DocType=CS&DocLang=English&DocFilename=ENG_CS_8-1773450-9_SWITCHES_CATALOG_0908.pdf Archive]
* [https://archive.org/details/SabDIPSwitchCatalogue DIP Switches] (7MB PDF) - Sab Switches - [https://archive.org/details/SabDIPSwitchCatalogue Archive]

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[[Category:Switches]]

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