Editing DVD player

{{Short description|Device that plays DVD discs}}
{{About|the electronic device|the Microsoft Windows Software|DVD Player (Windows)|the Apple software|DVD Player (Mac OS)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2012}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Toshibo-Nuon-SD-2300-DVD-Player-Front-1.jpg|thumb|A [[Nuon (DVD technology)|Nuon]] DVD player manufactured by [[Toshiba]], which offered enhanced playback and 3D gaming.]]

A '''DVD player''' is a machine that plays [[DVD]]s produced under both the [[DVD-Video]] and [[DVD-Audio]] technical standards, two different and incompatible standards. Some DVD players will also play audio CDs. DVD players are connected to a [[television]] to watch the DVD content, which could be a movie, a recorded TV show, or other content.

== History ==
The first DVD player is claimed to have been created by the Japanese electronics vendor [[Toshiba]] in November 1996,<ref>{{cite web |title=Toshiba Science Museum : World's First DVD Player |url=https://toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp/en/learn/history/ichigoki/1996dvd/index.htm |website=toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp |access-date=March 26, 2022 |quote=In November 1996, Toshiba introduced the world's first DVD player, the SD-3000, as a result of developments initiated in 1994. }}</ref> and the first to be released to US customers is claimed to have been by Sony in April 1997.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback 1997: The First DVD Players Arrive |url=https://www.soundandvision.com/content/flashback-1997-first-dvd-players-arrive |website=Sound & Vision |access-date=March 26, 2022 |language=en |date=March 30, 2017 |quote=Sony released its first commercial DVD player in the U.S., the model DVP-S7000 }}</ref>

Some manufacturers originally announced that DVD players would be available as early as the middle of 1996. These predictions were too optimistic. Delivery was initially held up for "political" reasons of copy protection demanded by movie studios, but was later delayed by lack of movie titles. The first players appeared in Japan on November 1, 1996, followed by the United States on March 31, 1997, with distribution limited to only seven major cities for the first six months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kmworld.com/Articles/Editorial/Features/DVDs-first-year-8984.aspx|title=DVD's first year|date=May 25, 1998 }}</ref>

Fujitsu released the first DVD-ROM-equipped computer on November 6 in Great Britain. Toshiba released a DVD-ROM-equipped computer and a DVD-ROM drive in Japan in early 1997 (moved back from December which was moved back from November). DVD-ROM drives from Toshiba, Pioneer, Panasonic, Hitachi, and Sony began appearing in sample quantities as early as January 1997, but none were available before May. The first PC upgrade kits (a combination of DVD-ROM drive and hardware decoder card) became available from Creative Labs, Hi-Val, and Diamond Multimedia in April and May 1997. In 2014, every major PC manufacturer had models that include DVD-ROM drives.

The first DVD-Audio players were released in Japan by Pioneer in late 1999, but they did not play copy-protected discs. Matsushita (under the Panasonic and Technics labels) first released full-fledged players in July 2000 for $700 to $1,200. Sony released the first SACD players in May 1999 for $5,000. Pioneer's first DVD-Audio players released in late 1999 also played SACD.

== Technical details ==
[[File:Toshibo-Nuon-SD-2300-DVD-Player-Opened-Back.jpg|thumb|The interior of a DVD player]]

A DVD player has to be able to read a [[DVD]] in ISO – [[Universal Disk Format|UDF]] version 1.02 format, and needs to read and obey the DVDs [[Regional lockout]] codes and display a warning if the player is not authorized to play the DVD.

To play a DVD smoothly, it needs to be able to decode the [[MPEG-2]] video stream with a maximum [[bit rate]] of 10&nbsp;Mbit/s at peak and 8&nbsp;Mbit/s continuously.

A DVD player may be able to:
*Optionally decrypt the data with either [[Content-scrambling system|CSS]] and/or [[Macrovision]]
*Decode sound in [[MP2 (format)|MP2]], [[PCM]] or [[Dolby AC-3|AC-3]] format and output (with optional AC-3 to stereo downmixing) on stereo connector, optical or electric digital connector
*Output a video signal, either an analog one (in [[NTSC]] or [[PAL]] format) on the [[composite video|composite]], [[S-Video]], [[SCART]], or [[component video]] connectors, or a digital one on the [[DVI]] or [[HDMI]] connectors.
*Jump to manually entered titles, chapters, and time stamps.

DVD players cannot play [[Blu-ray]] discs due to using different wavelength lasers (Blu-ray discs use a blue-violet laser, hence their name, rather than a red laser). However, Blu-ray players are typically [[backwards compatible]], meaning they will play DVDs. Some are compatible with [[CD]] and other disc formats. The short-lived [[HD DVD]] format is also incompatible with DVD for the same reason, however, HD DVD players do play standard DVDs and CDs.

DVD players are largely controlled through a [[remote control]]. Built-in controls on the main unit's panel such as a [[D-pad|four-directional buttons]] vary depending on model. Some models may lack advanced built-in controls, making operation more dependent on the remote control.<ref>{{citation|title=GRUNDIG GDV 130 service manual […] }} (in comparison to ''[[Durabrand]] DV-100'')</ref>

== CD/DVD/AVI/MP4 playback ==
Additionally, most DVD players allow users to play audio CDs ([[CD-DA]], [[MP3]], etc.) and [[Video CD]]s (VCD). A few include a [[home cinema]] decoder (i.e. [[Dolby Digital]], [[Digital Theater Systems]] (DTS)). Some newer devices also play videos in the [[Advanced Simple Profile|MPEG-4 ASP]] video compression format (such as [[DivX]]) popular in the [[Internet]].

== Progressive scan DVD player ==
A '''progressive scan DVD player''' is a DVD player that can produce video in a [[progressive scan]] format such as [[480p]] ([[NTSC]]) or [[576p]] ([[PAL]]). Players which can output resolutions higher than 480p or 576p are often called [[Video scaler|upconverting]] DVD players.

Before [[HDTV]]s became common, players were sold which could produce 480p or 576p. TVs with this feature were often in the upper price range of a manufacturer's line. To utilize this feature, a TV or other display with a progressive scan input was needed. HDTVs usually have a progressive scan input; progressive scan inputs are less common on [[Standard-definition television|standard definition TVs]] (often called SDTVs.)

Some players have a feature called "[[3:2 pulldown]] detection" or "inverse [[telecine]]" which attempts to better handle the artifacts which result from differing film and video rates in conjunction with [[interlaced]] scanning of the film. However most line doublers used in these players are not able to achieve the anticipated inverse telecine functionality. (See [[Line doubler]] for details.)

Progressive scan output cannot use connections intended for [[interlaced video]], such as [[composite video]] (single [[RCA connector|RCA]] terminated cable) and [[S-Video]] ([[Mini-DIN]] terminated cable). The following connection methods are common for using progressive scan:

* [[VGA connector|VGA]] (analog)
* [[SCART]] (using analog [[RGB color model|RGB-video]] in [[PAL]] areas)
* [[Component video]] (using three cables terminated with RCA connectors)
* [[DVI]] or [[HDMI]] (Most recent methods, supported by many newer HDTVs)

== Portable players ==
{{See also|Portable DVD player}}
[[File:Portable DVD player.jpg|thumb|A portable DVD player]]
Most hardware DVD players must be connected to a [[television]]; there are portable players which have an attached [[LCD]] screen and stereo speakers. Portable DVD players are often used for long road trips and travel. They often have a plug for the 12 volt power jack in cars. Some models have two screens, so that two people in the back seat can both watch the movie. Other portable DVD players have a single screen that opens up like a laptop computer screen.

== Output ==
[[File:DVD player output.jpg|thumb|right|Output connectors of a DVD player (2016): The single [[HDMI]] connector on the left is employed to replace the older connection options for audio and video signals, which require at least two, depending on the use case even up to five, individual cable connections with [[RCA connector]]s (see middle section, colored). An exception was the technically outdated [[SCART]] type A/V connector most right.]]
Due to multiple audio (and video) output devices, there are many outputs on a DVD player, such as an RCA jack, component outputs, and an HDMI output. Consumers may become confused with how to connect a player to a TV or amplifier. Most systems include an optional digital audio connector for this task, which is then paired with a similar input on the amplifier. The physical connection is typically [[RCA connector]]s or [[TOSLINK]], which transmits a [[S/PDIF]] stream carrying either uncompressed digital audio (PCM) or the original compressed audio data (Dolby Digital, DTS, MPEG audio) to be decoded by the audio equipment.

=== Video ===
Video is another issue which continues to present the most problems. Early generations of DVD players usually outputted [[analog signal|analog]] video only, via both [[composite video]] on an RCA jack and [[S-Video]]. However, neither connector was intended to be used for [[progressive video]], and most later players sold then gained another set of connectors, [[component video]], which keeps the three components of the video, luminance and two color differentials, on fully separate wires. This video information is taken directly from the DVD itself. The three components compare well to S-Video, which uses two wires, uniting and degrading the two color signals, and composite, which uses only wire one, uniting and degrading all three signals.

The connectors are further confused by using a number of different physical connectors on different player models, RCA or [[BNC connector|BNC]], as well as using [[VGA connector|VGA]] cables in a non-standard way (VGA is normally analog [[RGB]]&mdash;a different, incompatible form of component video). Even worse, there are often two sets of component outputs, one carrying [[interlaced video]], and the other progressive, or an interlaced/progressive switch (either a physical switch or a menu setting).

In Europe (but not most other PAL areas), [[SCART]] connectors are generally used, which can carry composite and analog RGB interlaced video signals (RGB can be progressive, but not all DVD players and displays support this mode) or Y/C ([[S-Video]]), as well as analog two-channel sound and automatic 4:3 or 16:9 (widescreen) switching on a single convenient multi-wire cable. The analog RGB component signal offers video quality which is superior to S-Video and identical to [[YPbPr]] component video. However, analog RGB and S-Video signals can not be carried simultaneously, due to each using the same pins for different uses, and displays often must be manually configured as to the input signal, since no switching mode exists for S-Video. (A switching mode does exist to indicate whether composite or RGB is being used.) Some DVD players and set-top boxes offer YPbPr component video signals over the wires in the SCART connector intended for RGB, though this violates the official specification and manual configuration is again necessary. (Hypothetically, unlike RGB component, YPbPr component signals and S-Video Y/C signals could both be sent over the wire simultaneously, since they share the luminance (Y) component.)

[[HDMI]] is a digital connection for carrying high-definition video, similar to [[DVI]]. Along with video, HDMI also supports up to eight-channel digital audio. DVD players with connectors for high-definition video can [[Video scaler|upconvert]] the source to formats used for higher definition video (e.g., [[720p]], [[1080i]], [[1080p]], etc.), before outputting the signal. By no means, however, will the resulting signal be high-definition video; that is, aside from optional [[deinterlacing]], upconverting generally consists of merely scaling the video's dimensions to match that of higher resolution formats, forgoing the scaling that would normally occur in the output device.

=== USB ===
Some DVD players include a [[USB video recorder]]. As well as such, there are also have DVD players with a [[USB port]] to be able to play digital media types as well as MP4, MP3, etc.

=== Wireless ===
Wireless connections ([[bluetooth]] and/or [[Wi-Fi]]) are useful to manage (play/record) wirelessly content from or to other devices (i.e. cell phones).

== Prices ==
{{As of|2014}}, retail prices for such a device, depending on its optional features (such as digital sound or video output), start between 30 and 80 [[USD]]/[[Euro]]. They are usually cheaper than [[VCR]]s.

== Manufacture ==
{{As of|2002}} the largest producer of DVD players is China; in 2002 they produced 30 million players, more than 70% of the world output. These producers have to pay US$15–$20 per player in license fees, to the [[patent]] holders of the DVD technology ([[Sony]], [[Philips]], [[Toshiba]]) as well as for [[MPEG-2]] licenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020524S0091|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040405112139/http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20020524S0091|title=EE Times -Taiwan joins Chinese effort on proprietary DVD format|archive-date=April 5, 2004|work=eetimes.com}}</ref> To avoid these fees, China developed the [[Enhanced Versatile Disc]] standard as an intended successor of DVD; {{As of|2004|lc=on}}, EVD players were only being sold in China.

== Software ==
'''Software DVD players''' are [[software|program]]s that allow users to view DVD videos on a [[computer]] with a [[DVD-ROM]] drive. Some examples are [[PowerDVD]], [[VLC media player]], [[Windows DVD Player]], and [[List of macOS built-in apps#DVD Player|DVD Player]] on Mac.

Among others, there are variants & huge kinds of software DVD players as well as multimedia player software which has DVD video playback capability, whether its proprietary-type (as commercial software), freeware, shareware or just a free software are available in the market.

== Successors ==
In the battle to succeed and to improve upon the role of the DVD player as the mainstream medium for stored audiovisual content on optical disc, there were two major contestants: the [[HD DVD]] player and the [[Blu-ray]] player, utilizing two incompatible technologies that reproduced higher resolution video images and more complete audio information than was possible with DVD. On February 19, 2008, Toshiba, creator of the former technology, announced it would cease production on all HD DVD products, leaving Blu-ray as the high definition successor to DVD players.

As technology improved, various players were sold, some of which were also Blu-ray players, that could upscale and up-convert DVD content, increasing the overall perceived picture quality.

== See also ==
{{Commons category|DVD players}}
*[[CD-ROM]]
*[[Digital media player]]
*[[Digital video recorder]]
*[[DVD-Audio]]
*[[Film recorder]]
*[[Progressive scan DVD player]]
*[[Videocassette recorder]]
*[[Compact Disc and DVD copy protection]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.wecanfigurethisout.org/VL/CD_DVD.htm The Inner Workings of CD/DVD Drives] WeCanFigureThisOut.org

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[[Category:Hardware DVD players| ]]
[[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1996]]
[[Category:Consumer electronics]]
[[Category:Home video]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
[[Category:20th-century inventions]]