Editing Daihatsu

{{Short description|Japanese automotive manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.
| native_name = ダイハツ工業株式会社
| romanized_name = ''Daihatsu Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha''
| logo = Daihatsu logo 1998.svg
| image = Headquarter of Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd..jpg
| image_caption = Daihatsu headquarters in Ikeda, Osaka
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as = 
| predecessor = Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd (1907–1951)
| foundation = {{start date and age|1951|03|01|df=yes}}
| founders = Saneyasu Oka<br />Zenjiro Takeuchi<br />Yoshiaki Yasunaga<br />Seishiro Tsurumi<br />Masashi Kuwabara
| location_city = [[Ikeda, Osaka]]
| location_country = Japan
| key_people = Masahiro Inoue (president)
| caption = Daihatsu logo (1998-present)
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = Automobiles, [[engine]]s
| production = {{increase}} 1,787,991 vehicles (1,477,462 excluding Perodua)<ref name=CD>{{cite web |url=https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/company/kv071l0000001c0t-att/databook2023.pdf |title=Data Book 2023 |language=Japanese |publisher=Daihatsu |access-date=September 11, 2023 |pages=1, 5}}</ref><ref group="note">The FY (Fiscal Year) 2022 as reported by Daihatsu is from April 1, 2022 to March 30, 2023.</ref>
| production_year = FY2022
| subsid = {{unbulleted list
 |[[Astra Daihatsu Motor]] (61.7%)  
 |[[Perodua]] (25%)
}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{yen|1,493 [[1,000,000,000|billion]]|link=yes}}<ref name=FD>{{cite web |url=https://catr.jp/settlements/fd833/301721 |title=ダイハツ工業株式会社 第182期決算公告 |trans-title=Daihatsu Industry (Motor) Co., Ltd. Announcement of financial results for the 182nd fiscal year |language=ja |publisher=Daihatsu |via=Company Activities Total Research Institute |access-date=September 11, 2023}}</ref>
| revenue_year = FY2022
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{yen|38 billion}}<ref name=FD/>
| income_year = FY2022
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{yen|77 billion}}<ref name=FD/>
| net_income_year = FY2022
| aum = <!-- Only for financial-service companies -->
| assets = {{increase}} {{yen|944 billion}}<ref name=FD/>
| assets_year = FY2022
| equity = {{decrease}} {{yen|387 billion}}<ref name=FD/>
| equity_year = FY2022
| num_employees = 12,508 (April 2023)<ref name=CD/>
| owner = 
| area_served = {{unbulleted list
  | Japan
  | Indonesia
  | Pakistan
  }}
| parent = [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.daihatsu.com/|daihatsu.com}}
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.'''|ダイハツ工業株式会社|Daihatsu Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha|lead=yes}} is a Japanese automobile manufacturer headquartered in [[Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture]], Japan.<ref>"[http://www.daihatsu.com/company/outline/index.html Corporate Info] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127010724/http://www.daihatsu.com/company/outline/index.html |date=January 27, 2010}}." Daihatsu. Retrieved on February 5, 2010.</ref>

Historically one of the oldest surviving Japanese [[internal combustion engine]] manufacturers, the company was known for building three-wheeled vehicles and [[off-road vehicle]]s, while currently the company offers a range of [[kei car]] models, along with [[kei trucks]], kei vans and other larger small cars in Japan. The company produces entry-level [[compact car]]s in Japan and [[Southeast Asia]], which are supplied to global [[emerging markets]] under the [[Toyota]] brand.

{{As of|2023}}, Daihatsu's presence has been limited to Japan and Indonesia under the Daihatsu brand, and Malaysia under the [[Perodua]] brand, where the company has significant [[research and development]] resources, manufacturing facilities and sales operations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sato |first=Ryotaro |date=2021-06-19 |title=Daihatsu tailors new cars to Malaysia and Indonesia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/Daihatsu-tailors-new-cars-to-Malaysia-and-Indonesia |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Since August 2016, the company has been a [[wholly-owned subsidiary]] of the Toyota Motor Corporation. {{As of|2021}}, Daihatsu accounts for four percent of Toyota Group's total vehicle sales.<ref name=":0" />

==Name==
The name "Daihatsu" is a combination of the first symbol (''[[kanji]]'') of [[Ōsaka]] (大) and the first of the word {{Nihongo|"[[engine]] manufacture"|発動機製造|''hatsudōki seizō''}}. In the new combination the [[Kanji#Readings|reading]] of the "大" [[Kanji#Kun'yomi (native reading)|is changed]] from ''[[ō]]'' to ''dai'', giving ''dai hatsu''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.daihatsu.com/faq/index.html#A-a05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170113103458/http://www.daihatsu.com/faq/index.html | archive-date=January 13, 2017 | publisher = Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd | title = Daihatsu FAQ }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Hatsudōki SA-6 Daihatsu (22022010080).jpg|thumb|Hatsudoki SA-6, 1937]]
[[File:1957 Daihatsu Midget 01.jpg|thumb|[[Daihatsu Midget]], 1957]]

Daihatsu was officially formed on March 1, 1951, as a successor to '''Hatsudoki Seizo Co. Ltd''', founded in 1907, as part of Hatsudoki's major restructuring. Hatsudoki's formation was largely influenced by the Engineering Department's faculty of [[Osaka University]], to develop a gasoline-powered engine for small, stationary power plants. From the beginning of the company until 1930, when a prototype three-wheeler truck was considered and proposed, Hatsudoki's focus was largely steam engines for [[Japanese National Railways]] and included rail carriages for passenger transportation. The company then focused on railroad diesel engines, working with Niigata Engineering and Shinko Engineering Co., Ltd. Before the company began to manufacture automobiles, their primary Japanese competitor was [[Yanmar]] for diesel engines that were not installed in a commercial truck to provide motivation.

The company's decision to focus on automobile production and related technologies was influenced by the early days of automobile manufacturing in Japan during the late 1920s and 1930s, when both [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[General Motors]] had opened factories in Japan and enjoyed a considerable market share. Ford opened a factory at Yokohama in March 1925 and in 1927 GM opened [[List of General Motors factories#Former factories|Osaka Assembly]] until both factories were appropriated by the Imperial Japanese Government before [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mason |first=Mark |year=1992 |title=American Multinationals and Japan: The Political Economy of Japanese Capital Controls, 1899–1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TY4l3qWIIh4C&q=general+motors+assembly+plant+location+osaka+japan&pg=PA70 |publisher=Harvard Univ Asia Center |page=146 |isbn=9780674026308 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

During the 1960s, Daihatsu began exporting its range to Europe, where it did not have major sales success until well into the 1980s. In Japan, the majority of Daihatsu models occupies the [[kei car]] segment.

[[File:Daihatsu Compagno Berlina left front view at 10th Osaka Motor Show December 10, 2017 01.jpg|thumb|[[Daihatsu Compagno]], 1960s]]

Daihatsu was an independent automaker until [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]] became a major shareholder in 1967 as the Japanese government intended to open up the domestic market.<ref name=NYT1995>{{cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=September 21, 1995 |title=Toyota Doubles Its Holdings in Daihatsu Motor of Japan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/21/business/international-business-toyota-doubles-its-holdings-in-daihatsu-motor-of-japan.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> According to Toyota, it was first approached by Sanwa Bank, banker of Daihatsu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alliance with Daihatsu Motor|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section2/item5.html|website=Toyota-global.com|publisher=Toyota|access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> In 1995, Toyota increased its shareholding in the company from 16.8% to 33.4% by acquiring shares from other shareholders: banks and insurance companies.<ref name=NYT1995/> At the time, the company was producing mini-vehicles and some small cars under contract for Toyota.<ref name=NYT1995/> Toyota, by owning more than a one-third stake, would be able to veto shareholder resolutions at the annual meeting.<ref name=NYT1995/> In 1998, Toyota increased its holding in the company to 51.2% by purchasing shares from its major shareholders including financial institutions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toyota to take over Daihatsu Motor|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/1998/08/28/national/toyota-to-take-over-daihatsu-motor/ |work=The Japan Times |date=Aug 28, 1998 |access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref>

Following the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]] Daihatsu's sales in Europe plummeted, from 58,000 in 2007 to 12,000 in 2011.<ref>"[http://www.acea.be/news/news_detail/new_vehicle_registrations_by_manufacturer/ New Vehicle Registrations – By Manufacturer (2011)]". ACEA. Retrieved on March 8, 2012.</ref> Daihatsu pulled out of the European market by 2013, citing the persistently strong [[yen]], which makes it difficult for the company to make a profit from its export business.<ref name="iw">[http://www.industryweek.com/articles/strong_yen_forces_daihatsu_out_of_europe_23666.aspx Strong Yen Forces Daihatsu Out of Europe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117043948/http://www.industryweek.com/articles/strong_yen_forces_daihatsu_out_of_europe_23666.aspx|date=January 17, 2011}} – Industry Week, January 14, 2011</ref> 

In August 2011, Daihatsu invested 20 billion yen ($238.9 million) in Indonesia to build a factory that produces low-cost cars under the [[Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)|Low Cost Green Car]] scheme.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Toyota Plans Low-Cost Car for Traffic-Choked Indonesia |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/toyota-plans-low-cost-car-for-traffic-choked-indonesia/423147 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063816/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/toyota-plans-low-cost-car-for-traffic-choked-indonesia/423147 |archive-date=August 29, 2011 |access-date=August 21, 2011 |publisher=The Jakarta Globe}}</ref> The construction had been initialized on 70,000 square meters on May 27, 2011 and started operations at the end of 2012, producing up to 100,000 cars per year.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 23, 2011|title=Kontan Online – Daihatsu plans to spend Rp 2.1 trillion on new factory|url=http://english.kontan.co.id/v2/read/1298452256/59712/Daihatsu-plans-to-spend-Rp-2.1-trillion-on-new-factory|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708175747/http://english.kontan.co.id/v2/read/1298452256/59712/Daihatsu-plans-to-spend-Rp-2.1-trillion-on-new-factory|archive-date=July 8, 2012|access-date=August 21, 2011|publisher=English.kontan.co.id}}</ref>

In August 2016, Daihatsu became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation. In January 2017, Daihatsu and Toyota jointly established an internal company to develop compact vehicles for emerging markets called the 'Emerging-market Compact Car Company'. Under the internal company, Daihatsu is responsible of product planning and quality planning of the vehicles, while both Toyota and Daihatsu are jointly responsible of product and business planning. To support the company, Toyota Motor Asia Pacific Engineering and Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TMAP-EM) in Thailand was renamed to Toyota Daihatsu Engineering and Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TDEM).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyota and Daihatsu to Establish 'Emerging-market Compact Car Company' on January 1 {{!}} Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/14515718|access-date=2021-10-25|website=global.toyota}}</ref>

In October 2016, Daihatsu and Toyota announced a new [[vehicle architecture]] called the [[Daihatsu New Global Architecture]] (DNGA) was being developed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyota and Daihatsu Plan Internal Company for Emerging-market Compact Vehicles {{!}} Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/13817271|access-date=2021-10-25|website=global.toyota}}</ref> The second-generation [[Daihatsu Mira e:S|Mira e:S]] was revealed as the first DNGA model in 2017,<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Daihatsu Announces a Complete Redesign of the Mira e:S Mini Passenger Vehicle|date=9 May 2018|publisher=Daihatsu|url=https://www.daihatsu.com/news/2017/20170509-4.pdf|access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref> although the company later revised the definition of DNGA and launched the [[Daihatsu Tanto#LA650|fourth-generation Tanto]] claiming it as the first DNGA model instead.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-03-09|title=【ダイハツDNGA搭載車種】プラットフォーム刷新・新エンジン/CVT搭載・コネクトサービス対応 – 新車発売情報2020|trans-title=[Vehicles equipped with Daihatsu DNGA] Platform renewal, new engine/CVT installation, connect service support|url=https://haru27.biz/39606.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330063820/https://haru27.biz/39606.html |archive-date=2020-03-30 |access-date=2020-09-01|website=haru27.biz|language=ja}}</ref>

From 2020 to 2022, Daihatsu trained employees from less-profitable sister company [[Toyota Motor East Japan]] to improve the latter's systems on development and production of small cars.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.netdenjd.com/articles/-/277604 |title=センチュリーもヨタハチも トヨタ東富士工場、生産に幕 |trans-title=Toyota Motor East Japan starts first-time "preliminary tests" for methods learned at Daihatsu aimed at shortening production preparations for small cars |work=Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun |date=December 14, 2022 |access-date=February 17, 2023}}</ref>

===Safety scandal===
In April 2023, Daihatsu was found to have rigged safety tests for 88,000 cars, most of which were sold as [[Toyota Yaris]] to Thailand, Mexico and [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] countries. The door trim of [[Side collision|side-collision]] test cars was notched in order to minimize the risk of injury, but the modification was not applied to production vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=Toyota-affiliate Daihatsu rigged safety test for 88,000 cars |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/japans-daihatsu-broke-side-collision-test-procedures-some-toyota-cars-2023-04-28/}}</ref>

In December 2023, the company halted shipments of 64 models, including products sold by [[Mazda]], [[Subaru]], and two dozen models branded as Toyotas, after safety investigations uncovered misconduct far greater in scope than previously expected. In some models, the [[airbag]] control unit used in testing was different from the part installed on vehicles sold to the public. Results of speed tests and [[Head restraint|headrest]] impact tests had also been falsified. The cases went back as far as 1989 and became particularly prevalent after 2014. Affected markets included Japan as well as Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, Uruguay, and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leussink |first=Daniel |date=20 December 2023 |title=Toyota's Daihatsu to halt all vehicle shipments, in widening safety scandal |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyotas-daihatsu-will-expand-production-halt-over-safety-scandal-nikkei-2023-12-20/}}</ref> The company announced that it would shut down all four of its manufacturing plants in Japan until the end of January 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-26 |title=Daihatsu pauses production over safety scandal |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67822887 |access-date=2023-12-27}}</ref> but production was halted until February through April 2024 when the shipment ban was also lifted.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/05/9278a6e85498-daihatsu-restarts-all-japan-plants-4-months-after-safety-scandal.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20240521035903/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/05/9278a6e85498-daihatsu-restarts-all-japan-plants-4-months-after-safety-scandal.html | archivedate = 2024-05-21 | title = Daihatsu restarts all Japan plants 4 months after safety scandal | date = 7 May 2024 | work = Kyodo News }}</ref>

==Company timeline==
[[File:1989 Daihatsu Atrai Turbo XX in Gray, front left2.jpg|thumb|[[Daihatsu Atrai]], 1989]]
[[File:2011 Daihatsu Terios 1.5 TS wagon (F700RG; 01-27-2019), South Tangerang.jpg|thumb|[[Daihatsu Terios]], 2011, Indonesian market]]The company was founded in 1907 as Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd, but was officially incorporated as Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd on March 1, 1951. In 1963, the company introduced the Daihatsu Compagno, a car that utilized multiple body styles on one platform, and the long-running "D" logo was introduced. One year later, on September 1, 1964, Daihatsu built its millionth vehicle. In 1965, the Daihatsu Compagno Berlina was launched in the United Kingdom, marking the first time a Japanese car was marketed in the UK.<ref name="DaiR33">[[Daihatsu#DaiKi|Kießler]], p. 33</ref>

In 1967, Daihatsu began cooperating with Toyota Motor Corporation, and by 1968, the company celebrated the production of its one millionth Daihatsu kei car.<ref name="Kobori54">{{Citation |last=Kobori |first=Kazunori |title=ダイハツ 日本最古の発動機メーカーの変遷 |date=2007 |page=54 |trans-title=Daihatsu: The History of Japan's Oldest Engine Company |location=Tokyo |publisher=Miki Press |language=Japanese |isbn=978-4-89522-505-2}}</ref> The two millionth Daihatsu was built in 1969.<ref name="DaiR35">[[Daihatsu#DaiKi|Kießler]], p. 35</ref> In 1971, Daihatsu launched the first generation of its Delta Truck model in Japan, a Toyota-influenced six-ton cargo truck. By 1975, Daihatsu began supplying diesel engines to the SEMAL motor vehicle company of Portugal for their [[Portaro]] and Tagus 4X4 off-road vehicles.

The 1980s saw significant milestones for Daihatsu, including the production of its three millionth kei car by 1980.<ref name="DaiR42">[[Daihatsu#DaiKi|Kießler]], p. 42</ref> In 1987, the company entered the US automotive market with the Hijet, followed by the introduction of the Rocky and Charade in 1988. However, in 1992, Daihatsu ceased sales in the US and halted production of US-spec vehicles.

In 1998, Toyota acquired a controlling interest in Daihatsu, taking 51.2% of the company.  Daihatsu's presence in Europe also started to dwindle in the 2010s, with the company announcing that sales of its vehicles would cease in Europe by January 31, 2013. In 2011, Daihatsu invested 20 billion yen (approximately $238.9 million) in a factory in Indonesia to produce low-cost cars.<ref name=":1" />

In 2016, Toyota purchased Daihatsu's remaining assets, making Daihatsu a wholly owned subsidiary<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/08/01/business/corporate-business/toyota-completes-full-takeover-daihatsu/#.V5-PHRSnXjA |title=Toyota completes full takeover of Daihatsu |publisher=The Japan Times |access-date=August 1, 2016 |archive-date=August 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803002949/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/08/01/business/corporate-business/toyota-completes-full-takeover-daihatsu/#.V5-PHRSnXjA |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Export markets==
Daihatsu's first export was in 1953, and by 1980 half a million Daihatsu vehicles had been exported.<ref name=prestige>{{citation | title = Daihatsu | type = stockholder brochure | date = 1986 | publisher = Daihatsu Motor Company | page = 24 }}</ref> In 1979 a European main office was established in [[Brussels]], tasked with controlling and expanding Western European exports.<ref name=DaiR42/> Since the late 1990s, its exports have been steadily contracting. This has been partially offset by the sale of Daihatsu vehicles through the Toyota channel, and the sale of technology to Malaysia's [[Perodua]]. Daihatsu has also [[Badge engineering|supplied cars under different badges]] to various automakers in the past. The company currently provides engines and transmissions to Malaysia's Perodua, which manufactures and markets rebadged Daihatsu cars locally, and sold a small number of Perodua cars in the United Kingdom and Ireland until 2012.

===Asia and Oceania===
[[File:1999 Daihatsu Mira LS (New Zealand).jpg|thumb|1999 [[Daihatsu Mira]] in New Zealand]]
[[File:Charade gather.jpg|thumb|Gathering of [[Daihatsu Charade|Daihatsu Charade GTti]] hot hatches in Malaysia]]

Following the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], Daihatsu closed their plants in Thailand and withdrew from the market entirely.<ref>{{citation | url = https://www.plasticstechnology.com/columns/thailand-tales-profits-still-elusive | title = Thailand Tales: Profits Still Elusive | publisher = Gardner Business Media | work = Plastics Technology | date = April 1, 2002 | last = Piszczalski | first = Martin | access-date = November 25, 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121217164100/https://www.plasticstechnology.com/columns/thailand-tales-profits-still-elusive | archive-date = December 17, 2012}}</ref> Until withdrawing in March 1998 they had mostly been selling the [[Daihatsu Mira|Mira]] range in Thailand; the Mira was also built there with certain local modifications.

After the launch of Perodua, Daihatsu's Malaysian operations were scaled down to concentrate exclusively on the commercial vehicles market, selling its [[Daihatsu Delta|Delta]] and [[Daihatsu Gran Max|Gran Max]] commercial truck chassis; Daihatsu had formerly sold [[Daihatsu Charade|Charades]] and [[Daihatsu Mira|Miras]] in the country since it first began operations in Malaysia as a joint venture in 1980. In Indonesia, Daihatsu remains a major player.

It was reported on March 31, 2005, that Toyota would withdraw Daihatsu from the Australian market after sales fell heavily in the years leading up, in spite of the overall new-car market in Australia growing 7%. Daihatsu ended its Australian operations in March 2006 after almost 40 years there.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-03-31/daihatsu-to-quit-australia/1542622|title = Daihatsu to quit Australia|newspaper = ABC News|date = 30 March 2005}}</ref> At the time the marque sold the [[Daihatsu Mira|Charade]], [[Daihatsu Copen|Copen]], [[Daihatsu Delta|Delta]], [[Daihatsu Boon|Sirion]] and [[Daihatsu Terios|Terios]] models.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goauto.com.au/news/daihatsu/daihatsu-australia-closes-its-doors/2005-03-31/22725.html|title = Daihatsu Australia closes its doors}}</ref>

Toyota New Zealand announced on April 8, 2013 that sales of new Daihatsu vehicles in the country would cease by the end of the year, citing a lack of products that would comply with future NZ regulatory standards. No additional new vehicles were being imported as of the announcement date.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.nz/AboutUs/Daihatsu+Sales+Announcement/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130703154801/http://www.toyota.co.nz/AboutUs/Daihatsu+Sales+Announcement/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 3, 2013 |title=Toyota New Zealand |publisher=toyota.co.nz |date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=April 29, 2013}}</ref>

===Americas===
[[File:Daihatsu Rocky 2.0 1992 (15096460348).jpg|thumb|1992 [[Daihatsu Rugger|Daihatsu Rocky]] in Chile]]

Daihatsu's operations in Chile, where Daihatsu is well known for its 1970s models such as the Charade or Cuore, were also threatened after low sales in 2004 and 2005. Toyota has stated that it intended to persist in the Chilean market, where only the Terios model was available until it was rebranded as the Toyota Rush in August 2016, as Daihatsu left that market.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.puromotor.com/industria/daihatsu-terios-bego-pasa-toyota-rush/ |title=Daihatsu Terios Bego pasa a ser Toyota Rush |first=Beatriz |last=Nuñez |work=PuroMotor |language=es |date=8 August 2016 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://noticias.autocosmos.cl/2016/09/08/toyota-lanza-el-rush-y-liquida-a-daihatsu-en-chile |title=Toyota lanza el Rush y liquida a Daihatsu en Chile | trans-title = Toyota launches the Rush and discontinues Daihatsu in Chile | first=Jorge | last=Beher |work=autocosmos.com |language=es |date=8 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref>

In [[Trinidad and Tobago]], Daihatsu has had a market presence since 1958 when its [[Daihatsu Midget|Mark I Midget]] was a popular choice among market tradesmen. From 1978 until 2001, a local dealer marketed the Charmant, Rocky, Fourtrak, and then later, the Terios and Grand Move which were popular. The Delta chassis remained popular from its introduction in 1985 until today. Toyota Trinidad and Tobago Ltd. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Japan) now markets Daihatsu Terios, YRV and Sirion under stiff competition.

In the United States, Daihatsus were marketed from 1988 until 1992 but were hampered by the [[Early 1990s recession in the United States|1990s recession]], and that their products had very little impact as the company's compact and fuel economic cars did not align with the perceived needs of American customers. Only the [[Daihatsu Charade|Charade]] and the [[Daihatsu Rocky (F300)|Rocky]] were sold. Beginning in 1987, Daihatsu also sold the [[Daihatsu Hijet#S80|Hijet]] in the United States as an off-road only utility vehicle. 

Daihatsu and [[Bombardier Inc.]] had been planning to open an assembly plant for the Charade in Canada in 1989, with the ultimate goal of building a small car of Bombardier's design to market in North America.<ref name=Wards87>{{cite book | ref = WYB87 |editor-last = Stark | editor-first = Harry A. | date = 1987 | title=Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1987 |publisher=Ward's Communications | location = Detroit | edition = 49th | page = 155 | isbn = ((0910589007)) |oclc=173365445}}</ref> These plans didn't eventuate. After Daihatsu's withdrawal from the US market, [[Toyota]], which had recently purchased a controlling interest in Daihatsu, continued to provide after-sales support for existing Daihatsu customers through at least 2002.

===Europe===
[[File:2007 Daihatsu Copen 1.3 Front.jpg|thumb|2007 [[Daihatsu Copen]] in the UK]]

European imports began in 1979. The company had little or no presence in countries with protectionist barriers, such as France and Spain—where local manufacturers also targeted the same market segment as Daihatsu. Daihatsu sold mainly in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands.<ref name=WOW>{{cite journal | title = Daihatsu plans to double sales in Europe | last = Weernink | first = Wim Oude | date = 2004-10-04 | page = 8 | volume = 9 | issue = 19 | journal = Automotive News Europe }}</ref> In Italy, Daihatsu partnered with local small car experts [[Innocenti]] in 1982 as a backdoor to several continental markets.<ref name=PdL18>{{cite journal | journal=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile | page= 18 | title= Le début d'une association fructueuse? | trans-title = The beginning of a fruitful relationship? | last = De Leener | first = Philippe | location=Brussels, Belgium | language=fr | volume=34 | number=764 | date=1983-03-10 | ref = mon764 | publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine }}</ref> The Italian manufacturer used Daihatsu drivetrains in their cars from 1983 until 1993.<ref name=AB1/>

Beginning in 1992, Piaggio manufactured the [[Daihatsu Hijet|Hijet]] microvan and truck locally, as the [[Piaggio Porter]], Innocenti Porter, or Daihatsu Hijet. It remains available as of 2020 and is also built in India. In the mid-1980s, Daihatsu also briefly imported [[Daihatsu Charade#G11|Charade]] assembled by [[Alfa Romeo]]'s South African subsidiary to Italy, in another effort to circumvent import restrictions.<ref name=AB1>{{Citation |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/12466421/Automotive-Business-Review-February-2009 |title=A Sporting Heart Still Beats |last=Burford |first=Adrian |page=30 |journal=Automotive Business Review |issue=February 2009 |access-date=19 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225090228/http://www.scribd.com/doc/12466421/Automotive-Business-Review-February-2009 |archive-date=25 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Daihatsu announced on January 13, 2011, that sales of Daihatsu motor cars would cease across Europe on January 31, 2013. This was due to the increasing strength of the Japanese yen, which had increased prices beyond competitive levels. Daihatsu had no stock of new Daihatsu cars in the UK at the time and did not intend to import any more cars in the interim period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daihatsu.co.uk/ |title=Daihatsu UK |publisher=Daihatsu.co.uk |date=January 13, 2011 |access-date=August 21, 2011}}</ref>

===Africa===
From 1983 until 1985, Alfa Romeo's South African branch assembled the Charade for local sales and for export to Italy.<ref name=AB1/> In April 2015, the company pulled out of South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cars.co.za/motoring_news/daihatsu-pulls-out-of-south-africa/33593/ |title=Daihatsu Pulls Out of South Africa |website=cars.co.za|date=16 April 2015 }}</ref>

==Electrics and hybrids==
Daihatsu has had a long-running development program for electric vehicles, beginning with the production of "pavilion cars" for the [[Expo '70|1970 Osaka World Expo]] and continuing with the production of golf carts and vehicles for institutional use, such as the DBC-1.<ref name="Kobori">{{Cite book | author = Kobori, Kazunori | script-title=ja:ダイハツ 日本最古の発動機メーカーの変遷 |trans-title=Daihatsu: The History of Japan's Oldest Engine Company | publisher = Miki Press | year = 2007 | page = 56 | language = ja | location = Tokyo | isbn = 978-4-89522-505-2 }}</ref> An electric version of the company's [[Daihatsu Fellow|Fellow Max]] kei car also followed, the beginning of a series of prototypes. The [[1973 oil crisis]] provided further impetus and at the 20th [[Tokyo Motor Show#1973|Tokyo Motor Show]] (1973) Daihatsu displayed a 550&nbsp;W electric trike (TR-503E),<ref>Kobori, ''Daihatsu'', p. 60</ref> the BCX-III electric car prototype and daihatsu's own [[Daihatsu EV1|EV1]].<ref>Kobori, ''Daihatsu'', pp. 67–68</ref>

Daihatsu showed more prototypes through the 1970s, for instance at the 1979 Sydney Motor Show, and then joined the Japanese Electric Vehicle Association's PREET program (Public Rent and Electronic Towncar) with an electric version of the [[Daihatsu Cuore|Max Cuore]] kei car. The program allowed registered users access to the cars with a magnetized card and charged according to mileage used.<ref name="WC81">{{Citation | editor-last = Lösch | editor-first = Annamaria | journal = World Cars 1981 | title = Electric Cars | publisher = The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books | location = Pelham, NY | page = 44 | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-910714-13-4 }}</ref>

In November 1974, Daihatsu released the Hallo (ES38V), a tilting trike powered by an electric motor and two 12V batteries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daihatsu.com/company/outline/history/1970s.html |title=Daihatsu History |publisher=Daihatsu.com |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=February 27, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708053756/http://www.daihatsu.com/company/outline/history/1970s.html |archive-date=July 8, 2013}}</ref>

In December 2011, Daihatsu released the Pico EV Concept, a [[quadricycle]] powered by an electric motor.

The company released a [[mild hybrid]] technology called the [[Daihatsu Mild Hybrid System]] in 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daihatsu.com/motorshow/tokyo02/hijetcargo_h/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704023931/http://www.daihatsu.com/motorshow/tokyo02/hijetcargo_h/index.html|url-status=dead|title=DAIHATSU:Motor Show|archivedate=July 4, 2007}}</ref> and is used in the [[Daihatsu Hijet|Hijet]]/Atrai Hybrid-IV.

In November 2021, Daihatsu released their first mass-produced [[full hybrid]] system. Marketed as the "e-Smart Hybrid", it is a [[series hybrid]] system as opposed to Toyota's more advanced [[parallel hybrid]] technology. The technology was first used by the hybrid version of the [[Daihatsu Rocky (A200)|A200 series Rocky]]. It is also used by the Toyota-branded model, the Raize under the common "[[Hybrid Synergy Drive]]" branding.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=「ダイハツ・ロッキー」に28.0km/リッターの燃費を実現したハイブリッドモデルが登場 【ニュース】|trans-title=Introducing a hybrid model that achieves fuel efficiency of 28.0km / liter in "Daihatsu Rocky"|url=https://www.webcg.net/articles/-/45341|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=webCG|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101050715/https://www.webcg.net/articles/-/45341 |archive-date=2021-11-01 }}</ref>

==Motorcycles==
In 1973, Daihatsu presented an electric tilting trike at the [[Tokyo Motor Show#1973|Tokyo Motor Show]]. This entered production in 1975 as the Hallo.<ref name=DaiR78>[[#DaiKi|Kießler]], p. 78</ref> Daihatsu also released a petrol powered version using a 50&nbsp;cc two-stroke engine.

==Logo==
Daihatsu is well known with its signature '''stylized D''' logo. It debuted in September 1963 on the [[Daihatsu Compagno|Compagno]] as the first automobile with the Daihatsu D logo. From its establishment in 1951 until 1969, Daihatsu also used a [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]-like logo, with ''Daihatsu'' vintage-style cursive wordmark (outside Japan) and Daihatsu wordmark in katakana, written inside an ellipse. Daihatsu had a secondary logo, based on a stylized drawing of [[Osaka Castle]], as installed on its three-wheeler trucks during the 1950s to 1960s. The script logo remained in use as Daihatsu's corporate logo and appeared on Daihatsu product catalogues and brochures until November 1969. Hence in the 1950s and 1960s Daihatsu was commonly referred to as Japan's Ford, and as the Japanese equivalent to Ford. In December 1969, this logo was discontinued and Daihatsu officially used the '''D''' logo as its corporate logo. Except in Indonesia, the first Daihatsu logo was used in brochures until about 1977 or 1978. 

The famous D logo is a stylized, modernized version of the D in the earlier logo and resembles the ''da'' in katakana, as well as rocket shape and right arrow, representing Daihatsu's spirit to keep moving forward and growing for excellence. The stylized D is also an initialism for Daihatsu. Beginning in January 1970, the Daihatsu wordmark was written in Eurostile font and placed below the D logo.

The D logo as the corporate logo, the white D placed inside the red rectangle, has been used from late 1969 onwards. The first version of the D logo, surrounded with circle, was used on Daihatsu automobiles from 1963 until 1979. From 1979 to 1989, the D logo was surrounded by a dark grey rectangle. In November 1989, following the launch of [[Toyota]]'s famous current logo, the D logo was surrounded by an oval, and made in chrome. The chrome D logo is used today, with several revisions, the most recent is a bolder and bigger chrome D logo introduced in 2004.

==Mascot==
The [[mascot]] for Daihatsu Motors is {{nihongo|Kakukaku Shikajika|カクカクシカジカ}}, an [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] [[deer]] character. Created by illustrator {{ill|Chiharu Sakazaki|ja|坂崎千春}} (who also designed the mascot for the [[Suica]] smart card system),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=【大丸福岡天神店】坂崎 千春『ペンギンFUKUOKA・春の宴』アート＆グッズ展が九州初出展 (2023年4月5日) |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Prtimes_2023-04-05-25003-1855/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=エキサイトニュース |language=ja}}</ref> he wears a white shirt as well as black pants, and is drawn in a lineless artstyle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=カクカクシカジカ ファンサイト {{!}} ダイハツ |url=https://www.daihatsu.co.jp/fan/character/kakushika/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.daihatsu.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref> According to a Daihatsu representative, he has a "cool and slightly cynical" personality.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-08 |title=ダイハツ「カクシカ」TVCMで4年ぶりイケボ復活で話題！ 10年以上愛されるシカの正体は？ |url=https://kuruma-news.jp/post/399358 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=くるまのニュース |language=ja}}</ref> 

He has appeared in plenty of animated [[Television advertisement|commercials]] for the company, as well as various [[Merchandising|merchandise]] and [[Promotional merchandise|promo items]] primarily in Japan.<ref name=":2" /> Originally used to advertise the [[Daihatsu Move Conte]] (including his own special edition of the vehicle<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-06 |title=ダイハツ ムーヴコンテ にカクカク・シカジカ特別仕様 |url=https://s.response.jp/article/2010/05/06/140022.html |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=レスポンス（Response.jp） |language=ja}}</ref>), he's been used on and off in marketing materials since 2008.<ref name=":3" />  

He has also appeared in commercials aired during [[New Year's Day]] discussing the company's sales. In 2018, they had the most commercials running for a single company within the first three days of the year on Japanese TV. Due to the 2023 emissions scandal, this was temporarily halted which led to disappointment from television viewers in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=ダイハツ不正報道で正月恒例の“アレ”が見られない？ 「一体どうなるの」「寂しい…」の声 |url=https://sirabee.com/2023/12/20/20163216978/# |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Sirabee |language=ja-JP}}</ref> 

Kakukaku also has a [[cult following]] in the [[Furry fandom|furry]] community, affectionately called the Kakukult, who has drawn [[Fan art|fanart]] of the character. 

There is also a lesser known mascot named Tufton, a blue bird character designed to advertise the [[Daihatsu Taft]] line.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-19 |title=デリ丸だけじゃない!! イプーもいたしカクシカは評論家だった!? クルマのCMキャラ一気見 |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/740471 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref>

==Vehicles==
{{Main|List of Daihatsu vehicles}}

==Plants and production==
===Japan===
Daihatsu's first, and oldest factory, called Ikeda Plant 1 was built in May 1939 in [[Ikeda, Osaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facilities｜Company｜DAIHATSU|url=https://www.daihatsu.com/company/facilities/index.html|access-date=2020-12-02|website=DAIHATSU Global Website|language=en}}</ref> The second factory was built May 1961 and is called Ikeda Plant 2. It houses the Osaka HQ office that was established March 1965. The company maintains an office in Tokyo, that was originally opened as Hatsudoki Seizo Co. Ltd. in June 1933 the Daihatsu Building.

Daihatsu currently [when?] has two factories in [[Ryūō, Shiga]]. The first factory was opened in April 1974, and the second one in January 1989. Daihatsu opened a factory in April 1973 in [[Ōyamazaki, Kyoto]]. Daihatsu opened two factories in [[Nakatsu, Ōita]] starting in November 2004 with Nakatsu Plant 1, followed by Nakatsu Plant 2 in November 2007. The Kurume Plant was opened in August 2008 in [[Kurume]]. It houses the Daihatsu Group Kyushu Development Center which opened in 2014.

{{As of|May 2021}}, the following vehicles are built by Daihatsu in Japan:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Daihatsu
!Mazda
!Subaru
!Toyota
!Body style
!Kei
!Plant
|-
|[[Daihatsu Atrai|Atrai]]
|
|Sambar Dias
|
|[[Minivan|MPV]]
|Yes
|Nakatsu 1
|-
|[[Daihatsu Boon|Boon]]
|
|
|Passo
|[[Hatchback]]
|No
|Ikeda 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Cast|Cast]]
|
|
|Pixis Joy
|Hatchback<!-- Marketed as "tall-height wagon" in Japan, but never referred as an MPV -->
|Yes
|Nakatsu 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Copen|Copen]]
|
|
|
|[[Roadster (automobile)|Roadster]]
|Yes
|Ikeda 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Hijet|Hijet]] Cargo
|
|Sambar Van
|Pixis Van
|Van
|Yes
|Nakatsu 1
|-
|Hijet Truck
|
|Sambar Truck
|Pixis Truck
|[[Truck]]
|Yes
|Nakatsu 1
|-
|[[Daihatsu Mira e:S|Mira e:S]]
|
|Pleo Plus
|Pixis Epoch
|Hatchback
|Yes
|Nakatsu 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Mira Tocot|Mira Tocot]]
|
|
|
|Hatchback
|Yes
|Nakatsu 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Move|Move]]
|
|Stella
|
|Hatchback<!-- Marketed as "tall-height wagon" in Japan, but never referred as an MPV -->
|Yes
|Nakatsu 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Move Canbus|Move Canbus]]
|
|
|
|MPV
|Yes
|Kyoto, Ryūō 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Rocky (A200)|Rocky]]
|
|Rex
|Raize
|[[Crossover (automobile)|Crossover]]
|No
|Ryūō 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Taft (LA900)|Taft]]
|
|
|
|Crossover
|Yes
|Nakatsu 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Tanto|Tanto]]
|
|Chiffon
|
|MPV
|Yes
|Ryūō 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Thor|Thor]]
|
|Justy
|Roomy
|MPV
|No
|Ikeda 2
|-
|[[Daihatsu Wake|Wake]]
|
|
|Pixis Mega
|MPV
|Yes
|Nakatsu 1
|-
|
|Familia Van
|
|[[Toyota Probox|Probox]]
|[[Station wagon]]
|No
|Kyoto 2
|}

===Overseas===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Daihatsu
!Perodua
!Mazda
!Toyota
!Body style
!Plant
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Daihatsu Ayla|Ayla]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Perodua Axia|Axia]]
|rowspan="2" |
|rowspan="2" |Agya/Wigo
|rowspan="2" |[[Hatchback]]
|Karawang ([[Astra Daihatsu Motor|ADM]])
|-
|Serendah ([[Perodua|PGMSB]])
|-
|
|[[Perodua Bezza|Bezza]]
|
|
|[[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]]
|Serendah (PGMSB)
|-
|[[Daihatsu Gran Max|Gran Max]]
|
|Bongo
|TownAce/LiteAce
|[[Van]]/truck
|Sunter (ADM)
|-
|[[Daihatsu Luxio|Luxio]]
|
|
|
|MPV
|Sunter (ADM)
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Daihatsu Rocky (A200)|Rocky]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Perodua Ativa|Ativa]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Raize
| rowspan="2" |[[Crossover (automobile)|Crossover]]
|Karawang (ADM)
|-
|Rawang (PMSB)
|-
|[[Daihatsu Sigra|Sigra]]
|
|
|Calya
|MPV
|Karawang (ADM)
|-
|[[Daihatsu Sirion|Sirion]]
|[[Perodua Myvi|Myvi]]
|
|
|Hatchback
|Rawang (PMSB)
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Daihatsu Terios|Terios]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Perodua Aruz|Aruz]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Rush
| rowspan="2" |[[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]
|Karawang (ADM)
|-
|Rawang (PMSB)
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Daihatsu Xenia|Xenia]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Perodua Alza|Alza]]
|rowspan="2" |
|rowspan="2" |Avanza/Veloz
|rowspan="2" |MPV/SUV
|Karawang (ADM)
|-
|Rawang (PMSB)
|}

== See also ==
* {{Portal inline|Companies}}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Daihatsu}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Daihatsu|state=expanded}}
{{Toyota Motor Corporation}}
{{Japanese Automobile Industry}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Daihatsu| ]]
[[Category:2016 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Companies based in Osaka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
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[[Category:Engine manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese brands]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1907]]
[[Category:Midori-kai]]
[[Category:Toyota brands and marques]]
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[[Category:Truck manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1907]]