Editing Daily Express

{{short description|British middle market newspaper}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Daily Express
| motto = ''The paper that stands for real values''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/inside-story-all-the-slogans-fit-to-print-6095145.html|title=Inside Story: All the slogans fit to print|author=Gillis, Richard|date=2006-07-17|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2024-08-09}}</ref>
| logo = [[File:Daily Express masthead.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| image = Daily Express 2009-01-10.jpg
| caption = Front page, 19 November 2011
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Tabloid newspaper|Tabloid]]
| foundation = {{nowrap|{{start date and age|1900|04|24|df=yes}}}}
| owners = [[Reach plc]]
| political = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]<br>[[Right-wing politics]]{{refn|<ref>{{cite news |last= Mayhew |first= Freddy |date= 6 November 2018 |title= Ex-Daily Mail editor Paul Dacre's Society of Editors' Conference 2018 speech in full |url= https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/ex-daily-mail-editor-paul-dacres-society-of-editors-conference-2018-speech-in-full/ |work= Press Gazette |access-date= 29 December 2023 |archive-date= 30 December 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231230000539/https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/ex-daily-mail-editor-paul-dacres-society-of-editors-conference-2018-speech-in-full/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 24 May 2018 |title= Foreign firms are taking over Britain's railways |url= https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/05/24/foreign-firms-are-taking-over-britains-railways |newspaper= The Economist |access-date= 29 December 2023 |archive-date= 30 December 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231230000539/https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/05/24/foreign-firms-are-taking-over-britains-railways |url-status= live }}</ref>}}
| headquarters = 1 Canada Square, London, E14 United Kingdom
| editor = Tom Hunt
| issn = 0307-0174
| oclc = 173337077
| website = {{URL|express.co.uk}}<br/> {{URL|the-express.com}}
| circulation = 120,388
| circulation_date = March 2025
| circulation_ref = <ref name="abc">{{cite web |title=Daily Express |url=https://www.abc.org.uk/product/574 |publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |date=12 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211130701/https://www.abc.org.uk/product/574 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Conservatism UK|Media}}

The '''''Daily Express''''' is a national daily United Kingdom [[middle-market newspaper]]<ref name="format">{{cite web|title=Middle Market Newspapers|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100156316|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817102348/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100156316|url-status=live}}</ref> printed in [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid format]]. Published in London, it is the flagship of Express Newspapers, owned by publisher [[Reach plc]]. It was first published as a broadsheet in 1900 by [[Sir Arthur Pearson, 1st Baronet|Sir Arthur Pearson]]. Its [[sister paper]], the '''''Sunday Express''''', was launched in 1918. In June 2022, it had an average daily circulation of 201,608.<ref name="circ">{{cite web |last1=Tobitt |first1=Charlotte |last2=Majid |first2=Aisha |title=National press ABCs: Financial Times and Metro only newspapers with YoY growth in June |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures/ |work=Press Gazette |location=London |date=2 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404082725/https://pressgazette.co.uk/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Under the ownership of [[Max Aitken|Lord Beaverbrook]], the ''Express'' rose to become the newspaper with the largest circulation in the world, going from 2 million in the 1930s to 4 million in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mcdowall |first=Duncan |title=Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/max-aitken-lord-beaverbrook |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |edition=online |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215104235/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/max-aitken-lord-beaverbrook |url-status=live }}</ref> It was acquired by [[Richard Desmond]]'s company [[Northern & Shell]] in 2000. [[Hugh Whittow]] was the editor from February 2011 until he retired in March 2018. In February 2018 Trinity Mirror acquired the ''Daily Express'', and other publishing assets of Northern & Shell, in a deal worth £126.7&nbsp;million. To coincide with the purchase the Trinity Mirror group changed the name of the company to ''Reach''.<ref name="buy express titles">{{cite news |title=Daily Mirror owner to buy Express titles |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42991304 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=9 February 2018 |access-date=9 February 2018 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828095554/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42991304 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="name change">{{cite news |title=Daily Mirror owner changes name to Reach |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43285531 |publisher=BBC News |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712022737/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43285531 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hugh Whittow resigned as editor and [[Gary Jones (journalist)|Gary Jones]] took over as editor-in-chief soon after the purchase.<ref name="editors">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/feb/28/editors-of-daily-express-and-daily-star-quit-on-eve-of-200m-takeover |title=Editors of Daily Express and Daily Star quit in wake of £200m takeover |first=Mark |last=Sweney |date=28 February 2018 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223221/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/feb/28/editors-of-daily-express-and-daily-star-quit-on-eve-of-200m-takeover |url-status=live }}</ref>

The paper's editorial stances have often been seen as aligned to [[Euroscepticism]] and supportive of the [[UK Independence Party]] (UKIP), and other [[right-wing]] factions including the [[European Research Group]] (ERG) of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Macer |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/570952/Express-Newspapers-Chairman-Richard-Desmond-gives-1-3m-to-Ukip |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160320030321/http://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/570952/Express-Newspapers-Chairman-Richard-Desmond-gives-1-3m-to-Ukip |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 March 2016 |title=Express Newspapers Chairman Richard Desmond gives £1.3m to Ukip |work=Daily Express |location=London |date=17 April 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-32340976 |title=Express owner Richard Desmond gives UKIP £1m |publisher=BBC News |date=16 April 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204154831/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-32340976 |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Express Building Manchester.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Exterior of [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen Williams]]'s [[Daily Express Building, Manchester|Daily Express Building]] in Manchester]]
[[File:Express Building.jpg|thumb|200px|Exterior of [[Daily Express Building, London|Daily Express Building]] in London, designed by Ellis and Clark]]
The ''Daily Express'' was founded in 1900 by [[Sir Arthur Pearson, 1st Baronet|Sir Arthur Pearson]], with the first issue appearing on 24 April 1900.<ref>''Daily Express'', no.1, 24 April 1900.</ref> Pearson lost his sight to [[glaucoma]] in 1913,<ref>{{cite web |title=The late Sir Arthur Pearson, Bt, CBE |url=http://www.blindveterans.org.uk/about-us/patrons-and-governing-body/founder/the-late-sir-arthur-pearson,-bt,-cbe/ |publisher=Blind Veterans UK |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204155809/http://www.blindveterans.org.uk/about-us/patrons-and-governing-body/founder/the-late-sir-arthur-pearson%2C-bt%2C-cbe/ |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and sold the title to the future [[Max Aitken|Lord Beaverbrook]] in 1916.<ref name="FOB">{{cite web |title=Father of the Blind – A Portrait of Sir Arthur Pearson |url=http://andrew-norman.com/book/father-of-the-blind-a-portrait-of-sir-arthur-pearson |website=andrew-norman.com |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930131240/http://andrew-norman.com/book/father-of-the-blind-a-portrait-of-sir-arthur-pearson |archive-date=30 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ''Express'' was one of the first papers to place news instead of advertisements on its front page,<ref name="FOB"/> and carried gossip, sport, and women's features. It was also the first in Britain to have a [[Crossword|crossword puzzle]].

It began printing in Manchester in 1927. In 1931 it moved its London headquarters to [[Daily Express Building, London|120 Fleet Street]], a specially commissioned [[Art Deco]] building. Under Beaverbrook, the paper set newspaper sales records several times throughout the 1930s.<ref name="hist">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/974835.stm |title=Daily Express: A chequered history |publisher=BBC News |date=25 January 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/974835.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Its success was partly due to aggressive marketing campaign and a circulation war with other populist newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Daily-Express |title=Daily Express British newspaper |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160359/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Daily-Express |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Arthur Christiansen became editor in October 1933. Under his direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. He retired in 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=Journalism by Arthur Christiansen: The Express Way |url=http://www.northtrek.plus.com/Christiansen.htm |publisher=Perspective uk North / media |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160553/http://www.northtrek.plus.com/Christiansen.htm|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> The paper also featured [[Alfred Bestall]]'s ''[[Rupert Bear]]'' cartoon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/209373/Happy-90th-birthday-Rupert-Bear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131015121126/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/209373/Happy-90th-birthday-Rupert-Bear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2013 |title=Happy 90th birthday Rupert Bear |publisher=Northern and Shell Media Publications |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> and satirical cartoons by [[Carl Giles]] which it began publishing in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cartoons.ac.uk/article/giles-express-newspapers |title=Giles – Express Newspapers |publisher=JISC Arts and Humanities Council |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160823/https://www.cartoons.ac.uk/article/giles-express-newspapers |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> On 24 March 1933, a front-page headline, "Judea Declares War on Germany" (because of the [[Anti-Nazi boycott of 1933]]), was published.<ref>{{cite web |title=Judea declares war on Germany |url=http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg |date=2011 |website=socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com |format=JPG |access-date=14 January 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822060422/http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Lang1">{{cite book |last=Lang |first=Berel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5XVD4EoEkkC&pg=PA133 |title=Philosophical Witnessing: The Holocaust as Presence |date=2009 |publisher=UPNE |isbn=978-1-58465-741-5 |pages=132–133 |access-date=2 April 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://books.google.com/books?id=s5XVD4EoEkkC&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the late 1930s, the paper advocated the [[appeasement]] policies of [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s [[National Government (1937–1939)|National Government]], due to the influence of Lord Beaverbrook.<ref>Geoffrey Cox 'Countdown to War'</ref> On 7 August 1939, the front-page headline was "NO WAR THIS YEAR". Less than a month later, Britain and France were at war with [[Nazi Germany]] following its [[invasion of Poland]]. The front page, floating in dirty water, later featured in ''[[In Which We Serve]]''.

The ruralist and fascist author [[Henry Williamson]] wrote for the paper on many occasions over a span of half a century.<ref>UK Press Online reveals articles dating from "Sport among the rubbish heaps" (3 May 1921) to "After the storm, the dance of the phantoms" (27 March 1971)</ref> He also wrote for the ''Sunday Express'' at the beginning of his career.<ref>"A House of No Morals", ''Sunday Express'', 18 December 1921, and "Scarecrow Cottage", ''Sunday Express'', 25 December 1921</ref>

In 1938, the publication moved to the [[Daily Express Building, Manchester]] (nicknamed the "Black Lubyianka"), designed by [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen Williams]] on the same site in [[Great Ancoats Street]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sites.google.com/site/thepressingb/home/popular-press/the-daily-express |title=The Daily Express - The Press In Great Britain |date=May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161346/https://sites.google.com/site/thepressingb/home/popular-press/the-daily-express |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974<ref>{{cite book |last=Beattie |first=Frank |title=The Kilmarnock Fact Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPTBBQAAQBAJ&q=daily+express+glasgow+printing+plant+closes+plant&pg=PT51 |date=15 February 2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |access-date=3 February 2016 |isbn=978-1-4456-1170-9 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223224/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPTBBQAAQBAJ&q=daily+express+glasgow+printing+plant+closes+plant&pg=PT51#v=snippet&q=daily%20express%20glasgow%20printing%20plant%20closes%20plant&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=802 |title=Daily Express, Manchester |publisher=Engineering Timelines |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161837/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=802 |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Johnston Press has a five-year deal, begun in March 2015, to print the northern editions of the ''Daily Express'', ''Daily Star'', ''Sunday Express'' and the ''Daily Star Sunday'' at its Dinnington site in Sheffield.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/preston-printing-firm-to-close-with-loss-of-91-jobs-1-7176031 |title=Preston printing firm to close with loss of 91 jobs |newspaper=Yorkshire Post |location=Leeds |date=25 March 2015 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161945/http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/preston-printing-firm-to-close-with-loss-of-91-jobs-1-7176031 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Scottish edition is printed by facsimile in Glasgow by contract printers, the London editions at Westferry Printers.<ref>{{cite web |title= History of British Newspapers |url= https://www.cashfloat.co.uk/blog/technology-innovation/daily-express/ |website= cashfloat.co.uk |access-date= 23 October 2017 |archive-date= 23 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230857/https://www.cashfloat.co.uk/blog/technology-innovation/daily-express/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] for running "a sustained vendetta" against the [[British Royal Family]] in the ''Express'' titles.<ref>"'Vendetta against Royal Family': M.P. criticizes Lord Beaverbrook", ''The Times'', London, 21 March 1962, p.5.</ref> In the same month, [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|the Duke of Edinburgh]] described the ''Express'' as "a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper."<ref>"Royalty's Recourse", ''Time'', New York, 30 March 1962.</ref> At the height of Beaverbrook's control, in 1948, he told a [[Royal Commission]] on the press that he ran his papers "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".<ref name="Beers">{{cite book|last=Beers|first=Laura|author-link = Laura Beers |title=Your Britain: Media and the Making of the Labour Party|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkVg1vqo0E4C&pg=PA21|year=2010|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05002-0|page=21|quote=In 1948, Beaverbrook told the Royal Commission on the Press that he "ran the [Express] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other object....[Empire free trade] and an Empire Customs Union, Empire unity for the purpose of securing peace, and if necessary for making war. I look at it as a purely propagandist project."}}</ref><ref name="adammatthew5">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Books/adammatthew5.html|title=Popular Newspapers during World War II|work=Adam Matthew Publications|access-date=25 January 2011|quote=If Winston Churchill was Britain's bulldog, then Lord Beaverbrook's ''Daily Express'' and ''Sunday Express'' were surely his bark. His papers were always bright, lively, and fiercely patriotic, and Beaverbrook had no qualms in telling a Royal Commission on the Press that he used them "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828075914/http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Books/adammatthew5.html<!-- beta link -->|archive-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> The arrival of [[Television in the United Kingdom|television]], and the public's changing interests, took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period, the ''Express'', practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to [[Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities|entry]] into what became the [[European Economic Community]].<ref name="hist" />

{{Quote box
| quote = "[I run the paper] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other motive".
| source = [[Lord Beaverbrook]], former owner (1948).<ref name="Beers" />
| align = left
| width = 200px
}}

Partially as a result of the rejuvenation of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' under [[David English (editor)|David English]] and the emergence of ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' under [[Rupert Murdoch]] and editorship of [[Larry Lamb (newspaper editor)|Larry Lamb]], average daily sales of the ''Express'' dropped below four million in 1967, below three million in 1975, and below two million in 1984.<ref>'This Express rush into oblivion can be halted', Peter Preston, ''[[The Observer]]'', 6 February 2000</ref>  The ''Daily Express'' switched from [[broadsheet]] to [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] in 1977<ref>"Tabloid 'Express' will aim for the young", Peter Godfrey, ''[[The Times]]'' page 2, 21 January 1977</ref> (the ''Mail'' having done so six years earlier), and was bought by the construction company [[Trafalgar House (company)|Trafalgar House]] in the same year.<ref>'Beaverbrook accepts £14m bid from Trafalgar House', Richard Allen, ''[[The Times]]'' page 1, 1 July 1977</ref> Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers.<ref>'Express group ponders two new papers', Gareth Parry, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 25 February 1978 - "The name of Beaverbrook Newspapers will revert to its former designation, Express Newspapers"</ref> In 1982, Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests to a new company, Fleet Holdings, under [[Victor Matthews, Baron Matthews|Lord Matthews]], but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by [[United Newspapers]] in 1985.<ref>'United wins Fleet Holdings fight', William Kay, ''[[The Times]]'' page 1, 15 October 1985</ref> Under United, the ''Express'' titles moved from Fleet Street to [[Blackfriars Road]] in 1989.<ref>'Signs of recovery at the Express', Charles Wintour, ''[[The Times]]'' page 38, 24 May 1989 - "Express Newspapers has now moved from the famous black glass building to a brand new, rubber-planted spacious construction just over Blackfriars Bridge"</ref>

Express Newspapers was sold to publisher [[Richard Desmond]] in 2000, and the names of the newspapers reverted to ''Daily Express'' and ''Sunday Express''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} In 2004, the newspaper moved to Lower Thames Street in the [[City of London]].<ref name="hist" /> In February 2018, it moved into 1 Canada Square in Canary Wharf.

On 31 October 2005, UK Media Group [[Entertainment Rights]] secured majority interest from the ''Daily Express'' for [[Rupert Bear]]. They paid £6&nbsp;million for a 66.6% control of the character. The ''Express'' retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4393038.stm |title=Rupert the Bear moves to new home |publisher=BBC News |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204163017/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4393038.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>

===Richard Desmond era===
[[File:Chancellor George Osborne and Richard Desmond.jpg|thumb|In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by [[Richard Desmond]] (''left'')]]
In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by Richard Desmond, publisher of celebrity magazine ''[[OK!]]'', for £125&nbsp;million. Controversy surrounded the deal since Desmond also owned [[softcore pornography]] magazines.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1375421/Soft-porn-baron-buys-the-Express.html |title=Soft-porn baron buys the Express |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=23 November 2000 |last1=Leonard |first1=Tom |last2=Trefgarne |first2=George |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227153945/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1375421/Soft-porn-baron-buys-the-Express.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, many staff left, including editor [[Rosie Boycott]] and columnist [[Peter Hitchens]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12148240.Boycott_and_her_deputy_quit_porn_mogul_apos_s_Daily_Express_Editor_says_parting_is_amicable_despite_rift_with_new_owner/ |title=Boycott and her deputy quit porn mogul's Daily Express Editor says parting is amicable despite rift with new owner |work=The Herald |date=26 January 2001 |location=Glasgow |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204163614/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12148240.Boycott_and_her_deputy_quit_porn_mogul_apos_s_Daily_Express_Editor_says_parting_is_amicable_despite_rift_with_new_owner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hitchens moved to ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'', saying working for the new owner was a moral conflict of interest since he had always attacked the pornographic magazines that Desmond published.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1061015.stm |title=Veteran columnist quits Express |publisher=BBC News |date=9 December 2000 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204164207/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1061015.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Despite their divergent politics, Desmond respected Hitchens.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hitchens |first=Peter |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/node/139233/ |title=Rosie Boycott hugs me: "Everything you write is complete ****," she says, "but I like you" |work=New Statesman |location=London |date=18 December 2000 |access-date=1 June 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116081504/http://www.newstatesman.com/node/139233 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2007, Express Newspapers left the [[National Publishers Association]] due to unpaid fees.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/24/express-newspapers-pcc |title= Express Newspapers could be kicked out of PCC |work=The Guardian |location= London |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160204164418/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/24/express-newspapers-pcc |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Since payments to the NPA fund the [[Press Complaints Commission]], it is possible that the ''Express'' and its sister papers could cease being regulated by the PCC. The chairman of the [[Press Standards Board of Finance]], which manages PCC funds, described Express Newspapers as a "rogue publisher".<ref>{{cite news |title='Rogue publisher' Richard Desmond in fallout with PCC |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=43409&c=1 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Press Gazette |location=London |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=28 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429165318/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=43409&c=1 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The Express group lost prominent libel cases in 2008–2009; it paid damages to people involved in the [[Disappearance of Madeleine McCann|Madeleine McCann]] case (see below), a member of the [[Muslim Council of Britain]], footballer [[Marco Materazzi]], and sports agent [[Willie McKay]]. The losses led the media commentator [[Roy Greenslade]] to conclude that Express Newspapers (which also publishes the ''Star'' titles) paid more in libel damages over that period than any other newspaper group. Although most of the individual amounts paid were not disclosed, the total damages were recorded at £1,570,000.<ref name="Greenslade">{{cite news
 |title        = Libel pay-outs show why Desmond is a rogue proprietor
 |newspaper    = The Guardian
 |location     = London
 |date         = 11 February 2009
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2009/feb/11/richarddesmond-dailyexpress
 |access-date  = 28 March 2009
 |first        = Roy
 |last         = Greenslade
 |archive-date = 16 May 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2009/feb/11/richarddesmond-dailyexpress
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> Greenslade characterised Desmond as a "rogue proprietor".<ref name="Greenslade" />

In late 2008, Express Newspapers began cutting 80 jobs to reduce costs by £2.5&nbsp;million; however, too few staff were willing to take voluntary redundancy.<ref>{{cite news
 |title        = More than 80 jobs to go in Express cull
 |newspaper    = The Guardian
 |location     = London
 |date         = 10 October 2008
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/sep/10/dailyexpress.richarddesmond
 |access-date  = 28 March 2009
 |first        = Stephen
 |last         = Brook
 |archive-date = 16 May 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223221/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/sep/10/dailyexpress.richarddesmond
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 |title        = Express Newspapers looks for fresh savings as it misses redundancy target
 |newspaper    = The Guardian
 |location     = London
 |date         = 6 March 2009
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/06/express-newspapers-looks-for-savings
 |access-date  = 28 March 2009
 |first        = Oliver
 |last         = Luft
 |archive-date = 16 May 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223227/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/06/express-newspapers-looks-for-savings
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> In early 2008, a previous cost-cutting exercise triggered the first 24-hour national press strike in the UK for 18 years.<ref>{{cite news
 |title        = Desmond braves Express picket line
 |newspaper    = The Guardian
 |location     = London
 |date         = 4 April 2009
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailyexpress.dailystar
 |access-date  = 28 March 2009
 |first        = Stephen
 |last         = Brook
 |archive-date = 16 May 2024
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailyexpress.dailystar
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> In late August 2009 came plans for a further 70 redundancies, affecting journalists across Express Newspapers (including the ''Daily'' and ''Sunday Express'', the ''Daily Star'', and the ''Daily Star Sunday'').<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- beta link -->Laura Oliver<!-- beta link --> |url=http://www.journalism.co.uk/2/articles/535630.php |title=Northern & Shell to axe 70 journalists from Express and Star titles |publisher=Journalism |access-date=2 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206073605/http://www.journalism.co.uk/2/articles/535630.php |archive-date=6 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In August 2009, the [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]] criticised the company for [[advertorial]]s as features alongside adverts for the same products. The ASA noted that the pieces were "always and uniquely favourable to the product featured in the ads and contained claims that have been or were likely to be prohibited in advertisements".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/12/express-newspapers-advertorials-richard-desmond-asa |title=ASA raps Richard Desmond's Express Newspapers over advertorials |last=Sweney |first=Mark |date=12 August 2009 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46700.htm |publisher=ASA |title=ASA Adjudications: Express Newspapers and Goldshield Ltd |access-date=15 August 2009 |date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132414/http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46700.htm |archive-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46734.htm |title=ASA Adjudications: Express Newspapers and LadyCare Lifetime Ltd |publisher=ASA |access-date=15 August 2009 |date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132502/http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46734.htm |archive-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Brook and agencies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/19/asa-daily-express-advertorial |title=Express censured for fourth time in two weeks over undeclared advertorials |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=19 August 2009 |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>

In January 2010, the ''Daily Express'' was censured by the Advertising Standards Authority over a front-page promotion for "free" fireworks. This led to comment that the ''Express'' has become "the [[Ryanair]] of [[Fleet Street]]", in that it is a "frequent offender" which pays little heed to the ASA's criticisms.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brook |first=Stephen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2010/jan/27/express-banned-advertising-desmond |title=Daily Express is the Rynair of Fleet Street |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=27 January 2010 |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>

In May 2010, Desmond announced a commitment of £100&nbsp;million over five years to buy new equipment for the printing plants, beginning with the immediate purchase of four new presses, amid industry rumours that he was going to establish a printing plant at Luton.

On 31 December 2010, the Express, with all the media titles in Desmond's [[Northern & Shell]] group, were excluded from the [[Press Complaints Commission]] after withholding payment.<ref name="guardian20110111">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/jan/11/richard-desmond-pcc |title=Desmond's papers excluded from system of press self-regulation |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Greenslade |date=11 January 2011 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=16 January 2011}}</ref> [[Guy Black, Baron Black of Brentwood|Lord Black]], chairman of [[Press Standards Board of Finance|PressBof]], the PCC's parent organisation, called this "a deeply regrettable decision".<ref name="guardian20110111"/> According to ''Press Gazette'', in December 2016 circulation figures showed gross sales of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' were 1,491,264 compared to 391,626 for the ''Daily Express''.<ref name="circ"/>

The full run of the ''Daily Express'' has been digitised and is available at UK Press Online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukpressonline.co.uk/|title=Home|publisher=ukpressonline|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716130109/https://www.ukpressonline.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2017, ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' publisher [[Trinity Mirror]] announced its interest in buying all of Express Newspapers from Desmond. The ''[[Financial Times]]'' called it potentially the biggest change in the British newspaper industry for a decade.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bond |first=David |title=Trinity Mirror in talks to acquire Express |url= https://www.ft.com/content/2f9710c2-945c-11e7-a9e6-11d2f0ebb7f0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2f9710c2-945c-11e7-a9e6-11d2f0ebb7f0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=Financial Times |location=London |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=20 September 2017}}</ref>

===Reach era===
In February 2018, [[Trinity Mirror]] acquired the ''Daily Express'', and other publishing assets of Northern & Shell, in a deal worth £126.7&nbsp;million. To coincide with the purchase the Trinity Mirror group changed its name to ''Reach''.<ref name="buy express titles"/><ref name="name change"/> Hugh Whittow resigned as editor and [[Gary Jones (journalist)|Gary Jones]] took over as editor-in-chief soon after the purchase.<ref name="editors"/>

The ''Daily Express'' endorsed [[Liz Truss]] in the [[July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=McKinstry |first=Leo |title=Liz Truss 'right choice' to lead Britain as next Prime Minister as Express rejects Sunak |url=https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/leo-mckinstry/1652965/liz-truss-right-choice-lead-britain-prime-minister-rejects-rishi-sunak-update/amp |work=Daily Express |date=10 August 2022 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010234140/https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/leo-mckinstry/1652965/liz-truss-right-choice-lead-britain-prime-minister-rejects-rishi-sunak-update/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, Reach launched a US version of the Express, called the-express.com. It is based in New York City.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/north-america/reach-to-launch-us-operations-for-mirror-express-and-irish-star/ | title=Reach to launch US operations for Mirror, Express and Irish Star | date=8 December 2022 }}</ref>

==''Sunday Express''==
<!-- [[Daily Mirror]] links here -->
{{For|the former Montreal weekly newspaper|Sunday Express (Montreal)}}
[[File:SundayEx.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Front page of the ''Sunday Express'', 7 May 2011]]

The printing press of the ''Sunday Express'' was first started by [[Lady Diana Cooper|Lady Diana Manners]] on 29 December 1918.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews20th/ | title=Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Twentieth Century | publisher=The British Library Board | access-date=3 February 2016 | archive-date=6 February 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206015900/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/news/concisehistbritnews/britnews20th/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> It was edited by [[Michael Booker (editor)|Michael Booker]] from 2018 to 2021 when he left for [[GB News]]. Its circulation in December 2022 was 153,377.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunday Express |url=https://www.abc.org.uk/product/7976 |publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |date=17 January 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231232126/https://www.abc.org.uk/product/7976 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{criticism section|date=February 2025}}
===John Bodkin Adams===
Suspected [[serial killer]] [[John Bodkin Adams]] was arrested in 1956, accused of murdering up to 400 wealthy patients in [[Eastbourne]].<ref name=Cullen>{{cite book|last=Cullen|first=Pamela V. Halliday|title=A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams|date=2006|publisher=Elliott & Thompson|location=London|isbn=1-904027-19-9}}</ref> The press, "egged on by police leaks, unanimously declared Adams guilty," except for [[Percy Hoskins]], chief crime reporter for the ''Express''.<ref name=Hoskins>''Two Men Were Acquitted: The trial and acquittal of Doctor John Bodkin Adams'', Secker & Warburg, 1984</ref> Hoskins was adamant that Adams was a naive doctor prosecuted by an overzealous detective, [[Herbert Hannam]], whom Hoskins disliked from previous cases.<ref name=Hoskins/> The ''Express'', under Hoskins's direction, was the only major paper to defend Adams, causing [[Lord Beaverbrook]] to question Hoskins's stance.<ref name=Hoskins/>

Adams was cleared in 1957 of the murder of [[Edith Alice Morrell]] (a second count was withdrawn controversially). After the case, Beaverbrook phoned Hoskins and said: "Two people were acquitted today", meaning Hoskins as well.<ref name=Hoskins/> The ''Express'' carried an exclusive interview with Adams, whom Hoskins interviewed in a safe house away from other newspapers. According to archives released in 2003, Adams was thought by police to have killed 163 patients.<ref name=Cullen/>

===Dunblane===
{{main|Sunday Express Dunblane controversy}}
On 8 March 2009, the Scottish edition of the ''Sunday Express'' published a front-page article critical of survivors of the 1996 [[Dunblane massacre]], entitled "Anniversary Shame of Dunblane Survivors". The article criticised the 18-year-old survivors for posting "shocking blogs and photographs of themselves on the internet", revealing that they drank alcohol, made rude gestures and talked about their sex lives.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Luft|first1=Oliver|last2=Carrell|first2=Severin|date=23 March 2009|title=Scottish Sunday Express apologises for Dunblane survivors story|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/23/scottish-sunday-express-dunblane-apology|access-date=3 February 2016|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=20 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220044638/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/23/scottish-sunday-express-dunblane-apology|url-status=live}}</ref> The article provoked complaints, leading to a front-page apology a [[fortnight]] later.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/90417|title=Dunblane: We're Sorry|work=Sunday Express|date=22 March 2009|access-date=16 March 2010|archive-date=25 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325101003/http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/90417|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Press Complaints Commission]] described the article as a "serious error of judgement" and said, "Although the editor had taken steps to resolve the complaint, and rightly published an apology, the breach of the Code was so serious that no apology could remedy it".{{cn|date=February 2025}}

===Diana, Princess of Wales===
The ''Daily Express'' gained a reputation for printing [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales conspiracy theories|conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales]] as front-page news. ''[[The Independent]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'' in 2006 both published a selection of then recent ''Express'' headlines on the topic.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jack|first=Louise|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/the-express-and-diana-cover-ups-spies-and-conspiracies-429277.html|title=''The Express'' and Diana: Cover-ups, spies and conspiracies|work=The Independent|date=18 December 2006|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925093951/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/the-express-and-diana-coverups-spies-and-conspiracies-429277.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/may/09/pressandpublishing.themonarchy|title=Any old Diana headline here|work=The Guardian|date=9 May 2006|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831002447/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/may/09/pressandpublishing.themonarchy|url-status=live}}</ref> This practice was satirised in ''[[Private Eye]]'' as the ''Diana Express'' or the ''Di'ly Express'', and has been attributed to Desmond's friendship with regular ''Eye'' target [[Mohamed Al Fayed|Mohamed Fayed]].<ref group=note>For instance in the "Hackwatch" column of ''Private Eye'' #1174, 19 December 2006.</ref> The articles regularly quoted Fayed with the newspaper describing its campaign as "Our relentless crusade for the truth".<ref>{{cite book|last=Gregory|first=Martyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZPJjwm6ITMC&pg=PT141|title=Diana: The Last Days|location=London|publisher=Virgin Books|year=2007|page=141|isbn=978-0-7535-4431-0|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=16 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516225826/https://books.google.com/books?id=vZPJjwm6ITMC&pg=PT141#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006 and 2007, these front-page stories consistently appeared on Mondays, and ended only when the paper focused instead on the [[Madeleine McCann]] story (see below).

According to ''[[The Independent]]'' in 2006: "The Diana stories appear on Mondays because Sunday is often a quiet day."<ref name="Independent Hill">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/peter-hill-an-appetite-for-battle-467118.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416073750/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/peter-hill-an-appetite-for-battle-467118.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2008|title=Peter Hill: An appetite for battle|date=20 February 2006|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|first=Raymond|last=Snoddy|access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref> In February and March 2010, the paper returned to featuring Diana stories on the front page on Mondays.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

In September 2013, following an allegation raised by the estranged wife of an [[Special Air Service|SAS]] operative, the ''Daily Express'' returned to running daily Princess Diana cover stories.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/428276/SAS-quizzed-over-Diana-death|title=SAS quizzed over Diana death|newspaper=Daily Express|date=10 September 2013|first=John|last=Twomey|access-date=11 June 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161316/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/428276/SAS-quizzed-over-Diana-death|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429017/Army-slated-for-not-taking-allegations-of-SAS-aided-Diana-death-seriously|title=Army slated for not taking allegations of SAS aided death seriously|newspaper=Daily Express|date=13 September 2013|access-date=11 June 2014|first1=John|last1=Twomey|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015019/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429017/Army-slated-for-not-taking-allegations-of-SAS-aided-Diana-death-seriously|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429312/EXCLUSIVE-How-David-Cameron-knew-of-Princess-Diana-murder-plot|title=How David Cameron knew of Princess Diana murder plot|newspaper=Daily Express|date=14 September 2013|access-date=11 June 2014|first1=John|last1=Twomey|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001312/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429312/EXCLUSIVE-How-David-Cameron-knew-of-Princess-Diana-murder-plot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429536/EXCLUSIVE-SAS-s-lamping-unit-used-laser-to-dazzle-Princess-Diana-s-driver|title=SAS's lamping unit used laser to dazzle Diana's driver|newspaper=Daily Express|date=15 September 2013|access-date=11 June 2014|first1=Donal|last1=MacIntyre|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233820/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429536/EXCLUSIVE-SAS-s-lamping-unit-used-laser-to-dazzle-Princess-Diana-s-driver|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429799/Soldier-s-claim-SAS-ordered-to-kill-Princess-Diana-ups-pressure-for-murder-investigation|title=Soldier's claim SAS ordered to kill Princess Diana ups pressure for murder investigation|newspaper=Daily Express|date=16 September 2013|access-date=11 June 2014|first=Giles|last=Sheldrick|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005959/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/429799/Soldier-s-claim-SAS-ordered-to-kill-Princess-Diana-ups-pressure-for-murder-investigation|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Madeleine McCann===
In the second half of 2007 the ''Daily Express'' gave a large coverage to the [[disappearance of Madeleine McCann]]. From 3 August 2007 to 10 November 2007, the ''Express'' dedicated at least part of the next 100 front pages to her. Of those, 82 used the headline to feature the details of the disappearance (often stylised by "MADELEINE" in red block capitals, plus a picture of the child).

Though the family initially said some journalists may have "overstepped their mark" they acknowledged the benefits in keeping the case in the public eye,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/Story?id=3587167&page=4 | title=From Victims to Villains | work=ABC News | date=12 September 2007 | access-date=27 June 2020 | archive-date=29 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729011642/https://abcnews.go.com/International/Story?id=3587167&page=4 | url-status=live }}</ref> but said coverage needed to be toned down since daily headlines were not necessarily helpful.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sundayherald.com/news/heraldnews/display.var.1644291.0.i_dont_think_necessarily_having_newspaper_headlines_with_the_image_of_madeleine_being_thrust_on_to_people_every_single_day_helps_clearly_we_have_seen_irresponsible_reporting.php | title=I don't think necessarily having newspaper headlines with the image of Madeleine being thrust on to people every single day helps. Clearly we have seen irresponsible reporting. | work=Sunday Herald | date=26 August 2007}}{{dead link|date=November 2013}}</ref> In March 2008, the McCanns launched a [[libel]] suit against the ''Daily Express'' and the ''[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]]'', as well as their Sunday equivalents, following their coverage. The action concerned more than 100 stories across the four newspapers, which accused the McCanns of causing and covering up their daughter's death.<ref name="Damages due"/> Express Newspapers pulled all references to Madeleine from its websites.<ref>{{cite news |last=Holmwood |first=Leigh |title=Express titles cut back McCann coverage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/13/pressandpublishing.dailyexpress |newspaper=The Guardian |location=UK |date=13 March 2008 |access-date=17 March 2008 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516225830/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/13/pressandpublishing.dailyexpress |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a settlement at the [[High Court of Justice]], the newspapers ran a front-page apology to the McCanns on 19 March 2008, another apology on the front of the Sunday editions of 23 March and a statement of apology at the High Court. The newspapers also agreed to pay costs and damages, which the McCanns said they would use to fund the search for their daughter.<ref name="Damages due">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7303801.stm |title=Damages due over McCann stories |publisher=BBC News |date=18 March 2008 |access-date=19 March 2008 |archive-date=21 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321080011/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7303801.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Guardian'' media commentator [[Roy Greenslade]] said it was "unprecedented" for four major newspapers to offer front-page apologies but also said it was more than warranted given that the papers had committed "a substantial libel" that shamed the British press.<ref>{{cite news |author=Roy Greenslade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2008/mar/19/expressandstarapologiesto |title=Express and Star apologies to McCanns bring all journalism into disrepute |work=The Guardian |access-date=1 June 2015 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220212636/https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2008/mar/19/expressandstarapologiesto |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Craig Silverman]] of ''Regret the Error'',  a blog that reports media errors, argued that given how many of the stories appeared on the front page, anything less than a front-page apology would have been "unacceptable".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regrettheerror.com/2008/03/19/daily-express-daily-star-issue-front-page-apologies-pay-damages |title=Poynter |work=Regret the Error |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-date=31 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231045139/http://www.regrettheerror.com/2008/03/19/daily-express-daily-star-issue-front-page-apologies-pay-damages/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In its apology, the ''Express'' said "a number of articles in the newspaper have suggested that the couple caused the death of their missing daughter Madeleine and then covered it up. We acknowledge that there is no evidence whatsoever to support this theory and that Kate and Gerry are completely innocent of any involvement in their daughter's disappearance."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/38490 |title=Kate and Gerry McCann: Sorry |work=Daily Express |location=UK |date=19 March 2008 |access-date=19 March 2008 |archive-date=23 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323232437/http://www.dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/38490 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was followed in October by an apology and payout (forwarded to the fund again) to a group who had become known as the "[[Tapas Seven]]" in relation to the case.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7673148.stm |title=Libel payout for McCann friends |publisher=BBC News |date=16 October 2008 |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-date=16 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416001330/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7673148.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Accusations of xenophobia and hate speech ===
In 2013, the paper launched a "crusade" against new [[European Union]] rules on migrants from Bulgaria and Romania, inviting readers to sign a petition against lifting restrictions on immigration.<ref>'Join our Crusade today ...', ''Daily Express'', page 4, 31 October 2013</ref><ref>'This time let us keep the floodgates closed', ''Daily Express'', page 14, 31 October 2013</ref> The front page on Thursday 31 October declared: "Britain is full and fed up. Today join your ''Daily Express'' Crusade to stop new flood of Romanian and Bulgarian migrants".<ref>'Britain is full up and fed up', ''Daily Express'', page 1, 31 October 2013</ref> The [[Aberystwyth University]] Student Union announced a ban on the sale of the paper.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/11/07/aberystwyth-daily-express_n_4234113.html |title=Aberystwyth University Student Union Bans The Daily Express |work=Huffington Post UK |access-date=18 May 2015 |date=7 November 2013 |archive-date=25 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625063008/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/11/07/aberystwyth-daily-express_n_4234113.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This ban was overturned in March 2016, following a student vote.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cambrian-news.co.uk/article.cfm?id=102936&headline=Students%20vote%20overwhemlingly%20to%20revoke%20ban%20on%20newspapers&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016 |title=Students vote overwhemlingly to revoke ban on newspapers |work=Cambrian News |date=15 March 2016 |first=Chris |last=Betteley |location=Aberystwyth |access-date=23 May 2016 |archive-date=7 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707141346/http://cambrian-news.co.uk/article.cfm?id=102936&headline=Students%20vote%20overwhemlingly%20to%20revoke%20ban%20on%20newspapers&sectionIs=News&searchyear=2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[UKIP]] Leader [[Nigel Farage]] declared that he had signed the "Crusade" petition, and urged others to do the same.<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Nigel Farage |last=Farage |first=Nigel |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/440538/I-ve-signed-the-Express-petition-you-should-too-Remember-it-ll-be-Albanians-next |date=1 November 2013 |title=I've signed the Express petition – you should too! Remember, it'll be Albanians next... |work=Daily Express |location=London |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503064334/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/440538/I-ve-signed-the-Express-petition-you-should-too-Remember-it-ll-be-Albanians-next |url-status=live }}</ref> Romanian politician [[Cătălin Ivan]] expressed "outrage" at the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last=Evans |first=Max |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/441065/Romanian-MEP-orders-Daily-Express-to-stop-our-campaign-to-halt-EU-migration |title=Romanian MEP orders Daily Express to 'stop' our campaign to halt EU migration |work=Daily Express |location=London |date=4 November 2013 |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801112255/https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/441065/Romanian-MEP-orders-Daily-Express-to-stop-our-campaign-to-halt-EU-migration |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a statement released by The [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] (OHCHR) on 24 April 2015, the tabloid's name was mentioned in an accusation of producing [[hate speech]], initially referring to an article in [[The Sun (United Kingdom)|''The Sun'']]: "...To give just one glimpse of the scale of the problem, back in 2003 the ''Daily Express'' ran 22 negative front pages stories about asylum seekers and refugees in a single 31-day period" ... "..the High Commissioner noted that Article 20 of the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights|ICCPR]], as well as elements relating to [[hate speech]] in the [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]]* (both of which have been ratified by the UK, as well as by all other EU countries), were rooted in the desire to outlaw the type of anti-Semitic and other racially based hate speech used by the Nazi media during the 1930s".<ref>{{cite press release |author=UNOHCHR |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15885 |date=24 April 2015 |title=UN Human Rights Chief urges U.K. to tackle tabloid hate speech, after migrants were called "cockroaches" |publisher=United Nations |location=Geneva |access-date=25 June 2017 |archive-date=27 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527081257/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15885 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Appearing in April 2018 before [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]]'s [[Home Affairs Select Committee]], which was investigating the treatment of minority groups in print media, ''Daily Express'' editor Gary Jones said that he would be looking to change the tone of the paper. Jones said that he had found past pages of the newspaper "downright offensive", adding that they made him feel "very uncomfortable" and contributed to an "[[Islamophobia in the United Kingdom|Islamophobic]] sentiment" in the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/apr/24/daily-express-editor-gary-jones-calls-its-front-pages-downright-offensive |title=Daily Express editor calls its front pages 'downright offensive' |first=Jim |last=Waterson |date=24 April 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516225830/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/apr/24/daily-express-editor-gary-jones-calls-its-front-pages-downright-offensive |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Editors==

===''Daily Express''===
* [[Sir Arthur Pearson, 1st Baronet|Arthur Pearson]] (April 1900 – 1901)
* [[Bertram Fletcher Robinson]] (July 1900 – May 1904)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bridgemanimages.com/en/english-school/british-newspapers-in-the-nineteenth-century-daily-express-litho/lithograph/asset/7155469 |title=British Newspapers in the Nineteenth Century: Daily Express |publisher=Bridgeman Images |access-date=15 February 2024 |archive-date=15 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215213359/https://www.bridgemanimages.com/en/english-school/british-newspapers-in-the-nineteenth-century-daily-express-litho/lithograph/asset/7155469 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/streetofinkintim00simouoft/page/76/mode/2up |title=''Street of Ink: An Intimate History of Journalism'' by H. Simonis (New York : Funk & Wagnalls, 1917) |date=1917 |publisher=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* [[R. D. Blumenfeld]] (1904–1929)
* [[Beverley Baxter]] (1929 – October 1933)
* [[Arthur Christiansen]] (1933 – August 1957)
* [[Edward Pickering (editor)|Edward Pickering]] (1957–1961)
* [[Robert Edwards (journalist)|Robert Edwards]] (acting) (November 1961 – February 1962)
* [[Roger Wood (editor)|Roger Wood]] (1962 – May 1963)
* [[Robert Edwards (journalist)|Robert Edwards]] (1963 – July 1965)
* [[Derek Marks]] (1965 – April 1971)
* [[Ian McColl (journalist)|Ian McColl]] (1971 – October 1974)
* [[Alastair Burnet]] (1974 – March 1976)
* [[Roy Wright (journalist)|Roy Wright]] (1976 – August 1977)
* [[Derek Jameson]] (1977 – June 1980)
* [[Arthur Firth]] (1980 – October 1981)
* [[Christopher Ward (editor)|Christopher Ward]] (1981 – April 1983)
* [[Larry Lamb (newspaper editor)|Sir Larry Lamb]] (1983 – April 1986)
* [[Nicholas Lloyd|Sir Nicholas Lloyd]] (1986 – November 1995)
* [[Richard Addis]] (November 1995 – May 1998)
* [[Rosie Boycott]] (May 1998 – January 2001)
* [[Chris Williams (journalist)|Chris Williams]] (January 2001 – December 2003)
* [[Peter Hill (journalist)|Peter Hill]] (December 2003 – 18 February 2011)
* [[Hugh Whittow]] (18 February 2011 – March 2018)
* [[Gary Jones (journalist)|Gary Jones]] (March 2018 – September 2024)
* Tom Hunt (September 2024 – present)

===''Sunday Express''===
*1920: [[James Douglas (journalist)|James Douglas]]
*1928: James Douglas and [[John Gordon (journalist)|John Gordon]]
*1931: John Gordon
*1952: [[Harold Keeble]]
*1954: [[John Junor]]
*1986: [[Robin Esser]]
*1989: [[Robin Morgan (journalist)|Robin Morgan]]
*1991: [[Eve Pollard]]
*1994: [[Brian Hitchen]]
*1995: [[Sue Douglas]]
*1996: [[Richard Addis]]
*1998: [[Amanda Platell]]
*1999: [[Michael Pilgrim (journalist)|Michael Pilgrim]]
*2001: [[Martin Townsend (journalist)|Martin Townsend]]
*2018: Michael Booker (acting)
*2022: David Wooding

==Notable columnists and staff==

===Current===
* [[Jasmine Birtles]], has a daily column and writes regularly for ''[[The Independent]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakerscorner.co.uk/speaker/jasmine-birtles|title=Jasmine Birtles &#124; Financial Keynote & Presenter &#124; Book Today &#124; Speakers Corner|website=Speakers Corner|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027082441/https://www.speakerscorner.co.uk/speaker/jasmine-birtles|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Vanessa Feltz]], columnist and journalist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muckrack.com/vanessa-feltz/articles|title=Articles by Vanessa Feltz &#124; BBC, Daily Express Journalist|website=Muck Rack|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027160737/https://muckrack.com/vanessa-feltz/articles|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Frederick Forsyth]], novelist, journalist and political commentator<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|title=Frederick Forsyth &#124; Columnists &#124; Comment|website=Daily Express|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207183725/https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Adam Helliker]], journalist and columnist
* [[Lucy Johnston]], journalist and health editor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muckrack.com/lucyjohnston439/articles|title=Articles by Lucy Johnston &#124; Sunday Express Journalist|website=Muck Rack|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024211051/https://muckrack.com/lucyjohnston439/articles|url-status=live}}</ref> 
* [[Leo McKinstry]], journalist, historian and author
* [[Ross Clark (journalist)|Ross Clark]], journalist and author
* [[Richard and Judy]], (Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan), columnists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|title=Richard and Judy &#124; Columnists &#124; Comment|website=Daily Express|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207183725/https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|url-status=live}}</ref> 
* [[Ann Widdecombe]], writer and former politician<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|title=Ann Widdecombe &#124; Columnists &#124; Comment|website=Daily Express|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207183725/https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dean Dunham]], consumer law columnist

===Past===
* [[Bertram Fletcher Robinson]], journalist, chief war correspondent, day editor and editor
* [[Henry Vollam Morton|H. V. Morton]], journalist and travel writer
* [[J. B. Morton]], better known as ''[[Beachcomber (pen name)|Beachcomber]]''
* [[Basil Cardew]]
* [[Sefton Delmer]]
* [[George Eric Rowe Gedye|G. E. R. Gedye]]
* [[William Hickey (columnist)|William Hickey]]
* [[Peter Hitchens]]
* [[Sheila Hutchins]], cookery editor
* [[Andrew Marr]]
* [[Jenni Murray]]
* [[Dyke White|Charles Gordon McClure]] (1885–1933), also known as Dyke White, cartoonist
* [[Veronica Papworth]]
* [[Yvonne Ridley]]<ref name="nzhdon">{{cite web |date=17 December 2001 |title=Fell off donkey ... caught by Taleban |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=283689 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010004837/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=283689 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Jean Rook]]
* [[Michael Watts (journalist)|Michael Watts]] ('Inspector Watts')
* [[Dame Barbara Cartland]]<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Dame Barbara Cartland – British Author |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbara-Cartland |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207013532/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbara-Cartland |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Political allegiance==
With the exception of the [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001 general election]] when it backed the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Claire Cozens |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/jun/07/generalelection.dailyexpress |title=Express Labour |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=7 June 2001 |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516225828/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/jun/07/generalelection.dailyexpress |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]] when it backed the [[UK Independence Party]],<ref name="express1">{{cite news |date=6 May 2015 |title=Daily Express urges British public to vote Ukip for a patriotic future |work=Daily Express |location=London |url=http://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/575148/Vote-Ukip-patriotic-Britain |url-status=dead |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150507061301/http://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/575148/Vote-Ukip-patriotic-Britain |archive-date=7 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/574569/Ukip-in-touch-ordinary-British-people |title= Sunday Express backs Nigel Farage's Ukip for 2015 election for real change in Britain |work= Daily Express |location= London |date= 3 May 2015 |access-date= 18 May 2015 |archive-date= 6 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150506001306/http://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/574569/Ukip-in-touch-ordinary-British-people |url-status= live }}</ref> the newspaper has declared its support for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] at every general election since [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news |date= 4 May 2010 |title= Newspaper support in UK general elections |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/may/04/general-election-newspaper-support |work= The Guardian |access-date= 22 November 2021 |archive-date= 1 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130801141949/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/may/04/general-election-newspaper-support |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2011, when the newspaper first endorsed UKIP, it became one of the first media outlets in the United Kingdom to demand a [[Brexit|withdrawal from the European Union]].<ref>Tooze, Adam (2018). ''Crashed : how a decade of financial crises changed the world''. New York, New York: Viking Press. p. 544. {{ISBN|978-0-670-02493-3}}. {{OCLC|1039188461}}.</ref> 
{{Conservatism sidebar}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Election
! colspan="2" | Endorsement
|-
| [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1955 United Kingdom general election|1955]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1959 United Kingdom general election|1959]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|October 1974]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1979 United Kingdom general election|1979]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015]]
| {{party name with colour|UK Independence Party}}
|-
| [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
| [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|}

==="Crusade for Freedom"===
"Crusade for Freedom" was the newspaper's own campaign to give the people of the United Kingdom the opportunity to add their names to a petition addressed to the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] in favour of Britain's withdrawal from the [[European Union]]. Each edition of the 8 January 2011 issue had four cut-out vouchers where readers could sign the pledge and send them to the paper's HQ where the petition was being compiled; there were also further editions with the same voucher included.<ref>"A crusade for freedom", ''Daily Express'', page 55, 8 January 2011.</ref> The campaign attracted the support of many celebrities including sportsman/TV personality [[Ian Botham]]<ref>"Botham backs our drive for public vote on Europe", ''Daily Express'', page 59, 8 January 2011.</ref> as well as [[J D Wetherspoon]] chairman [[Tim Martin (businessman)|Tim Martin]],<ref>"Euro red tape is strangling UK enterprise", ''Daily Express'', page 69, 8 January 2011.</ref> who both gave interviews for 8 January's special edition of the paper. The first week of the campaign saw a response of around 370,000 signatures being received (just over 50% of daily readership or around 0.6% of the UK population).

==See also==
{{Portal|Conservatism|Journalism|London}}
* [[Right-wing populism]]
* ''[[Scottish Daily News]]''

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* Derek Jameson, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/60365 "Matthews, Victor Collin, Baron Matthews (1919–1995)"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 9 September 2007

{{Northern & Shell}}
{{Media in the United Kingdom|newsmag}}
{{United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011}}
{{Authority control}}
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