Editing Dandenong Ranges

{{Short description|Mountain range in Victoria, Australia}}
{{For|other uses of the name Dandenong|Dandenong (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}{{Infobox mountain
| name = Dandenong Ranges
| other_name = Corhanwarrabul, The Dandenongs
| photo = Mt Dandenong from Mooroolbark.jpg
| photo_size = 275
| photo_caption = ''Left'' - [[Mount Dandenong (Victoria)|Mount Dandenong]] and ''right'' - Mount Corhanwarrabul, viewed from [[Mooroolbark, Victoria|Mooroolbark]]
<!-- Geography -->| country = Australia
| subdivision2_type = State
| subdivision2 = [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
| parent = [[Great Dividing Range]]
<!-- Geology -->| geology = {{hlist|[[Igneous rock|Igneous]]|[[Sedimentary rock|Sedimentary]]|[[Metamorphic rock|Metamorphic]]}}
| age = [[Devonian]]
| orogeny = <!-- Range -->
| length_km = 50
| width_km = 10
| area_km2 = 
| length_orientation = N-S
| width_orientation = E-W
| length_ref = 
| width_ref = 
| area_ref = <!-- Overall coordinates for the range; usually the center of the range -->
| range_coordinates = {{coord|37|50|08|S|145|21|33|E|type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates_ref = <!-- Highest point -->
| highest = [[Mount Dandenong (Victoria)|Mount Dandenong]]
| elevation_m = 633
<!-- Coordinates of the highest point -->| coordinates = {{coord|37|49|38|S|145|21|10|E|region:AU_type:mountain_source:vicnames_type:mountain|display=inline}}
| map = Australia Victoria
| map_size = 275
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location of the Dandenong Ranges in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
| map_relief = 
}}

The '''Dandenong Ranges''' (commonly just '''The Dandenongs''') are a set of low [[mountain range]]s in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]], approximately {{cvt|35|km|mi|0}} east of the state capital [[Melbourne]]. A minor branch of the [[Great Dividing Range]], the Dandenongs consist mostly of rolling [[hill]]s, rising to {{cvt|633|m}} at [[Mount Dandenong (Victoria)|Mount Dandenong]], as well as steeply weathered [[valley]]s and [[gullies]] covered in thick [[temperate rainforest]], predominantly of tall [[Eucalyptus regnans|mountain ash]] trees and dense [[fern]]y undergrowth. The namesake [[Dandenong Creek]] and most of its left-bank tributaries (particularly the [[Eumemmerring Creek]]) originate from [[headwater]]s in these mountain ranges. Two of Melbourne's most important [[storage reservoir]]s, the [[Cardinia Reservoir|Cardinia]] and [[Silvan Reservoir]], are also located within the Dandenongs.

After European settlement in the [[Port Phillip Bay]] region, the range was used as a major local source of [[timber]] for Melbourne. The ranges were popular with [[day-tripper]]s from the 1870s onwards. Much of the Dandenongs were protected as [[park]]lands as early as 1882, and by 1987 these parklands were amalgamated to form the [[Dandenong Ranges National Park]], which was subsequently expanded in 1997. The range receives light to moderate [[Snow in Australia|snowfall]]s a few times in most years, frequently between late winter and late spring.

Today, The Dandenongs are home to over 100,000 residents and are popular amongst visitors, many of whom stay for the weekend at the various [[bed & breakfast]]s throughout the region. The popular [[Puffing Billy Railway]], a heritage steam railway, runs through the hills villages of the eastern Dandenong Ranges.

== Geology and ecology ==
[[File:Sherbrooke Forest Dandenong Ranges.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Sherbrooke Forest]]]]
[[File:Olinda Forest.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Olinda Forest, west of Olinda Falls]]
The range is the remains of an extinct [[volcano]] last active 373 million years ago.<ref name=Birch1994/> It consists predominantly of [[Devonian]] [[dacite]] and [[rhyodacite]].

The topography consists of a series of ridges dissected by deeply cut streams. Sheltered gullies in the south of the range are home to temperate rain forest, fern gullies and Mountain Ash forest ''[[Eucalyptus regnans]]'', whereas the drier ridges and exposed northern slopes are covered by dry [[sclerophyll]] forest of [[stringybark]]s and box. The entire range is highly prone to [[Bushfires in Victoria|bushfires]], the most recent of which have been the 1983 [[Ash Wednesday bushfires]], the [[1996–97 Australian bushfire season|1997 Dandenong Ranges bushfires]] and small fires during the [[Black Saturday bushfires]] in 2009.

A number of watercourses originate in the Dandenongs, these include:
*[[Cardinia Creek]]
*Clematis Creek
*[[Dandenong Creek]]
*[[Eumemmerring Creek]]
*Emerald Creek
*[[Ferny Creek, Victoria|Ferny Creek]]
*Mast Gully Creek
*[[Menzies Creek, Victoria|Menzies Creek]]
*Monbulk Creek
*Muddy Creek
*Olinda Creek
*[[Sassafras, Victoria|Sassafras Creek]]
*Sherbrooke Creek
*Stringy Bark Creek
*Wandin Yallock Creek
*[[Woori Yallock Creek]]

===Waterfalls===
*Olinda Falls
*Sherbrooke Falls
*Griffith Falls

===Summits===
[[File:Closeup of Mt Dandenong Towers.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mount Corhanwarrabul summit, 2005]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sortable table
|-
! scope="col" | Summit Name 
! scope="col" | Height (m) 
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" | Comments 
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" | Location 
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" | Source{{efn|Survey mark and counter data has been accessed from the State of Victoria Land and Survey Spatial Information<ref>https://maps.land.vic.gov.au/lassi/ Land and Survey Spatial Information, State of Victoria (Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning). Accessed 15 June 2020.</ref>}}
|-
| Mount Dandenong || 630 || Tallest peak of the Dandenongs || Observatory Road, Mt Dandenong || DANDENONG ECC J survey mark
|-
| Mount Corhanwarrabul || 612 || Burkes lookout and location of transmission towers || Burkes Lookout Reserve, Eyre Road, Mt Dandenong || contour data
|-
| Olinda summit || 592 || No official name. Labelled Mt Olinda in older tourist maps. || Range Road, Olinda || contour data
|-
| Sassafras peak || 538 || No recorded name. || Cooloongatta Road, Sassafras || contour data
|-
| Dunns Hill || 562 || Location of a number of radio and telephone towers. || One Tree Hill Road, Ferny Creek || contour data
|-
| One Tree Hill || 500 ||  || Lord Somers Road, Ferny Creek || contour data
|-
| Tremont Hill || 395 || No official name. || Tremont Hill Track, Tremont || contour data
|-
| Chandlers Hill || 405 ||  || Chandlers Track, Tremont || contour data
|-
| Johns Hill || 419 ||  || Johns Hill Reserve, Ridge Road, Kallista || JOHNS HILL ECC 1986 survey mark
|-
| Black Hill || 374 ||  || Black Hill Reserve, Two Bays Crescent, Selby || contour data
|-
| Upwey Hill || 278 ||  || Belmont Street, Upwey || contour data
|-
| Lewis Hill || 298 ||  || Queens Road, Silvan || contour data
|-
| Nobelius Hill || 320 ||  || Ambrose Street, Emerald || contour data
|-
| Mount Morton || 275 ||  || Chaundy Road, Belgrave South || MORTON ECC A survey mark
|}
{{Notelist}}

==Wildlife==

The Dandenong Ranges are home to a variety of native Australian mammal, bird, reptile and invertebrate species. Well-represented bird species include the [[Sulfur-crested cockatoo]], [[Superb lyrebird]], [[Laughing kookaburra]], and [[Crimson Rosella]]. Mammals include the [[Short-beaked echidna]], [[Common wombat]], [[Sugar glider]], and [[Swamp wallaby]]. Invertebrates include two species of [[Engaeus urostrictus|burrowing crayfish]].

==Climate==

The Dandenong Ranges' climate is generally cool and wet, with daily temperature variation generally low, often as low as 1 degree in the winter months. 
Rainfall is fairly uniform through the year, tending to peak between April and October with lower rainfall during January and February. The mean annual rainfall is between 1000 and 1500&nbsp;mm, increasing with elevation and from west to east.<ref name=agbm/> The elevation means that daytime temperatures are typically 4 to 6&nbsp;°C cooler than the lower suburbs of [[Melbourne]] to the west [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086071.shtml], with temperatures typically lowering by 1&nbsp;°C for every {{convert|120|m|}} of elevation. Due to the elevation, [[upslope fog]] is common in the winter months. It is significantly cloudier than Melbourne, particularly in winter due to heavy [[orographic lifting]] brought about by [[cold fronts]].

Snow typically falls a few times a year above 500 m, mostly between June and October and can be heavy at times. A rare summer snow occurred on Christmas Day 2006 [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Christmassnow2.jpg]. The local region has experienced substantial warming in recent decades [https://web.archive.org/web/20120925193152/http://www.bom.gov.au/web01/ncc/www/cli_chg/timeseries/tmean/0112/vic/latest.gif] and heavy snowfalls which were once common have become rare. The last significant snowfall to affect the Dandenong Ranges was on August 10, 2008, when as much {{convert|15|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} fell at the highest elevations.

A [[Bureau of Meteorology]] [http://www.bom.gov.au/products/IDV60901/IDV60901.94872.shtml weather station] sits at an elevation of 513 m in the Ferny Creek Reserve in the southern part of the Dandenong Ranges. This weather station replaced [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086372_All.shtml one] that was previously located on the summit of Dunns Hill.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|collapsed = 
|location = Mount Dandenong GTV9 (1968−1986, rainfall to 2007); 600 m AMSL; 37.83° S, 145.35° E
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 37.3
|Feb record high C = 39.3
|Mar record high C = 33.6
|Apr record high C = 28.0
|May record high C = 20.3
|Jun record high C = 15.0
|Jul record high C = 16.0
|Aug record high C = 20.0
|Sep record high C = 22.7
|Oct record high C = 28.7
|Nov record high C = 33.2
|Dec record high C = 36.2
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 22.1
|Feb high C = 22.9
|Mar high C = 19.7
|Apr high C = 15.4
|May high C = 11.7
|Jun high C = 8.8
|Jul high C = 8.2
|Aug high C = 9.6
|Sep high C = 11.6
|Oct high C = 14.8
|Nov high C = 17.3
|Dec high C = 19.9
|year high C = 
|Jan low C = 11.5
|Feb low C = 12.6
|Mar low C = 11.3
|Apr low C = 9.0
|May low C = 6.9
|Jun low C = 4.4
|Jul low C = 3.6
|Aug low C = 4.2
|Sep low C = 5.0
|Oct low C = 6.8
|Nov low C = 8.3
|Dec low C = 9.8
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 4.0
|Feb record low C = 4.7
|Mar record low C = 3.7
|Apr record low C = 0.7
|May record low C = -0.4
|Jun record low C = -1.0
|Jul record low C = -2.3
|Aug record low C = -2.0
|Sep record low C = -1.8
|Oct record low C = -0.6
|Nov record low C = 0.5
|Dec record low C = 2.3
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 61.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 74.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 102.0
|May precipitation mm = 129.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 98.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 95.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 116.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 106.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 104.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 109.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 95.7
|year precipitation mm = 1165.9
|Jan precipitation days = 12.1
|Feb precipitation days = 8.4
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 13.7
|May precipitation days = 18.2
|Jun precipitation days = 17.8
|Jul precipitation days = 20.0
|Aug precipitation days = 19.7
|Sep precipitation days = 17.5
|Oct precipitation days = 16.5
|Nov precipitation days = 15.2
|Dec precipitation days = 12.9
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan sun = 232.5
|Feb sun = 217.5
|Mar sun = 189.1
|Apr sun = 150.0
|May sun = 102.3
|Jun sun = 78.0
|Jul sun = 83.7
|Aug sun = 105.4
|Sep sun = 126.0
|Oct sun = 170.5
|Nov sun = 189.0
|Dec sun = 198.4
|source 1 = Mount Dandenong GTV9 (temperatures and rainfall, 1968–2007)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086243_All.shtml
| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology |title = Climate statistics for Mt Dandenong |accessdate = 25 August 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Toolangi]] (Mount St Leonard DPI, sunshine hours 1965–2001)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086142_All.shtml
| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology |title = Sun hours from Toolangi |accessdate = 25 August 2024}}</ref>
|date= August 2024
}}
[[File:Snow in Sassafrass, Victoria, Australia, August 10, 2008.jpg|thumb|Snow in [[Sassafras, Victoria]], Australia, August 10, 2008]]

==Settlements in the Dandenong Ranges==
Around 240,000 people live in and around the Dandenong Ranges, depending on the definition. The following settlements are located in the Dandenongs themselves (72,500~):

* [[Belgrave, Victoria|Belgrave]]—3929<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Census QuickStats: Belgrave|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20187|access-date=2020-06-03|website=quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Belgrave Heights, Victoria|Belgrave Heights]]—1,500
* [[Belgrave South, Victoria|Belgrave South]]—1,500
* [[Clematis, Victoria|Clematis]]—350
* [[Emerald, Victoria|Emerald]]—6,000
* [[Ferny Creek, Victoria|Ferny Creek]]—1,500
* [[Ferntree Gully, Victoria|Ferntree Gully]] - 10,000
* [[Kallista, Victoria|Kallista]]—1,000
* [[Kalorama, Victoria|Kalorama]]—1,100
* [[Kilsyth, Victoria|Kilsyth]]—10,000
* [[Menzies Creek, Victoria|Menzies Creek]]—1,300
* [[Monbulk, Victoria|Monbulk]]—2,700
* [[Montrose, Victoria|Montrose]]—6, 500
* [[Mount Dandenong, Victoria|Mount Dandenong]]—1,300
* [[Olinda, Victoria|Olinda]]—1,500
* [[Sassafras, Victoria|Sassafras]]—1,000
* [[Selby, Victoria|Selby]]—1,400
* [[Tecoma, Victoria|Tecoma]]—2,200
* [[The Patch, Victoria|The Patch]]—800
* [[Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria|Upper Ferntree Gully]]—4,000
* [[Upwey, Victoria|Upwey]]—6,800

Some settlements located on and around the plateau to the east of the ranges are sometimes included (14,200~):
* [[Cockatoo, Victoria|Cockatoo]]—4,500
* [[Gembrook, Victoria|Gembrook]]—1,600
* [[Macclesfield, Victoria|Macclesfield]]—1,600
* [[Seville, Victoria|Seville]]—2,000
* [[Seville East, Victoria|Seville East]]—600
* [[Silvan, Victoria|Silvan]]—1,900
* [[Wandin East, Victoria|Wandin East]]—500
* [[Wandin North, Victoria|Wandin North]]—1,600

Settlements in the southern and western foothills are also sometimes included (180,500~):
* Western Foothills
* [[The Basin, Victoria|The Basin]]—4,100
* [[Boronia, Victoria|Boronia]]—20,500
* [[Mount Evelyn, Victoria|Mount Evelyn]]—9,100
* Southern Foothills
* [[Endeavour Hills, Victoria|Endeavour Hills]]—24,000
* [[Narre Warren, Victoria|Narre Warren]]—26,000
* [[Berwick, Victoria|Berwick]]—47,000
* [[Narre Warren North, Victoria|Narre Warren North]]—7,700
* [[Harkaway, Victoria|Harkaway]]—849
* [[Beaconsfield Upper, Victoria|Beaconsfield Upper]]—2,861

==History==
{{Expand section|date=November 2024}}
[[Image:Monbulk Creek Trestle Bridge.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The Monbulk Creek Trestle Bridge, part of the [[Puffing Billy Railway]]]]
The ranges are located near the boundary between the [[Wurundjeri]] and [[Boon wurrung|Bunurong]] people's territories. The two nations were part of the [[Kulin nation|Kulin]] alliance and were most often on friendly terms. The mountain range, however, was not often frequented by either nations people as mountainous areas were often considered one of many resting places for various spirits.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In 1938, the aircraft ''[[1938 Kyeema crash|Kyeema]]'' crashed on the western face of Mount Corhanwarrabul due to heavy fog and poor navigation. Eighteen people died.<ref name=fsaus1998/>

==Utilities==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}

===Transmission towers===
There are several large television transmission towers on various summits that were initially constructed to broadcast TV to Central Victoria
*Channel 10/Channel 0, 204m high—Mount Corhanwarrabul (628m), (highest frequency)
*Channel 9, 131m high—Mount Corhanwarrabul (628m)
*Channel 7, 131m high—Mount Corhanwarrabul (628m), this tower is from interesting design, as it is a [[partially guyed tower]], consisting of a free-standing lattice tower as basement and a guyed mast as pinnacle.
*Channel 2—Ferny Creek Summit (561m) (lowest frequency)
Channel 7, 9 and 10 all transmit from the 204M high ' Ornata Road ' TXA owned tower just to the South of Burke's Lookout. This tower also carries some of Melbourne, Victoria's commercial FM broadcast services. It also carries DAB+ digital radio services.
Channel 2 services ( ABC, JJJ, emergency services, Govt owned ) transmit from the 130M high Broadcast Australia ' Eyre Road ' tower. This is an interesting tower in that the base is of four legged, freestanding design, while the upper portion is guyed by two sets of three guy cables. This tower is just to the North of Burke's Lookout.
Adjacent to the Broadcast Australia tower, is the TXA ' Eyre Road ' standby tower, capable of transmitting 7, 9, and 10 signals in the event of an Ornata Road transmitter/antenna failure. This tower stands at 130M also and is a conventional four legged freestanding design. About 2&nbsp;km to the North of this group of three towers, stands the original Channel 9 tower, built in 1956 to a height of 69M. This tower, on Observatory Road and adjacent to the Skyhigh lookout and restaurant now carries only some of Melbourne's commercial FM broadcast channels.

==Tourism and attractions==
*'''Scenic drives'''—popular for many years on the abundance of winding roads throughout the ranges
*'''Picnics'''—dedicated picnic areas can be found in Fern Tree Gully Picnic Ground or at One Tree Hill or in [[Sherbrooke Forest]]. Emerald Lake Park has a variety of pretty picnic spots with electric barbecues, sheltered areas and water activities. This park with landscaped gardens adjoins the historic Nobelius Heritage Park 
*The various coffee shops and restaurants, bed and breakfasts, craft shops, antique shops and gardens
*'''[[Puffing Billy Railway]]'''—a [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] heritage steam railway, from Belgrave, through to Emerald, Cockatoo and ending at Gembrook
*'''Lookouts & views'''—There are several locations throughout the ranges that offer excellent views on both sides of the range. On a clear day, features as far as [[Mount Macedon, Victoria|Mount Macedon]], the [[You Yangs]] and [[Port Phillip]] can be seen simultaneously
*'''Walking & hiking'''—various tracks and trails are available at a variety of lengths and difficulties. For example; Four Brothers Rocks near Gembrook, Wright Forest near Cockatoo; The Eastern Dandenong Ranges Trail, which runs through Emerald, Cockatoo to Gembrook has a variety of open scenery and dappled woodland trails and at various stages follows the Puffing Billy railway line

Sherbrooke Falls, Sherbrooke
* '''Cycling'''—the Dandenong Ranges is one of Melbourne's most popular cycling areas. Popular road cycling climbs include the "1 in 20" on the [[Mountain Highway]], "The Wall", a steeper route between [[Monbulk, Victoria|Monbulk]] and [[Olinda, Victoria|Olinda]], and the also-steep "Devil's Elbow", heading north from [[Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria|Upper Ferntree Gully]] along the Mount Dandenong Tourist Road to [[Ferny Creek, Victoria|Ferny Creek]] . Also popular for picturesque and leisurely family bike rides is the Eastern Dandenong Ranges Trail, which runs through Emerald, Cockatoo to Gembrook

===Regulations===
Camping is not permitted within the National Park and fire restrictions may apply during the summer months. There are no rubbish bins in the national parks and visitors must leave with all items that they arrived with. Camping is permitted near Gembrook at Kurth Kiln Regional Park. Please stay informed and be prepared, so as to ensure you have a fun and safe experience. It is important to observe weather conditions and warnings during the bushfire season and follow official recommendations.

==Bushfires==
Due to the climate of the region, the type of vegetation and the topography, the Dandenong Ranges periodically experience [[Bushfires in Victoria|bushfires]]. Some of the recent occurrences included:

*1851—[[Bushfires in Victoria|Black Thursday]]
*1898
*1905
*1913
*1926
*1939
*1962
*1968
*1983—[[Ash Wednesday bushfires|Ash Wednesday]], 27 deaths in the Dandenong ranges
*1997—3 deaths in the ranges
*2009—[[Black Saturday bushfires|Black Saturday]], no deaths in the ranges

[[File:Dandenong Ranges Panorama Annotated.PNG|thumb|800px|centre|The Dandenong Ranges, viewed from [[Heidelberg, Victoria|Heidelberg]] looking east over [[Doncaster Hill]], through smoke haze after the [[Black Saturday bushfires]]]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Monts dandenong, Victoria, Australie.jpg|The 1000 steps
File:Puffing billy in action 2003.jpg|Puffing Billy on the Trestle Bridge
File:Mtdandenongview2007.jpg|View of Melbourne from the summit of Mount Dandenong
File:Melb- Skyline of Melbourne from Mount Dandenong.JPG|View of Melbourne from the summit of Mount Dandenong
File:Mt Dandenong Bakharev.JPG|Mount Dandenong as seen from [[Kilsyth, Victoria|Kilsyth]]
File:Closeup of Mt Dandenong Towers.jpg|Transmission towers on the summit of Mount Corhanwarrabul
File:TV_towers_Mt_Dandenong_CH2-7.JPG|Transmission towers. Note that the upper parts of the tower in the background are guyed.
File:Closeup of television tower on mount dandenong.jpg|[[Network 10|Channel 10]] transmission tower
File:Channel 9 Transmission Tower Mt Corhanwarrabul.JPG|[[Nine Network|Channel 9]] transmission tower
File:Channel 7 Transmission Tower Mt Corhanwarrabul.JPG|[[Seven Network|Channel 7]] transmission tower
File:Silvan Reservoir from Kalorama.JPG|The Silvan Reservoir looking east from Kalorama
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Dandenong Ranges National Park]]
*[[1938 Kyeema crash]]
* [[Horatio Jones house]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=agbm>
  {{cite web | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086372_All.shtml
   | title = Climate statistics for Australian locations - Dunns Hill
   | publisher = Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology | access-date = 2017-09-24}}</ref>
<ref name=Birch1994>
  {{cite book|author=Birch, William D.|title=Volcanoes in Victoria|publisher=Royal Society of Victoria
   | year=1994|isbn=0730606279}}</ref>
<ref name=fsaus1998>
  {{cite web | url = http://www.casa.gov.au/fsa/1998/nov/kyeema.pdf
   | title = The Crash of Kyeema | publisher = Flight safety Australia
   | date = November 1998 | access-date = 2017-09-24
   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929093248/http://www.casa.gov.au/fsa/1998/nov/kyeema.pdf
   | archive-date = 2007-09-29}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Dandenong Ranges}}
*Accommodation - 1000 Reasons [https://1000reasons.com.au]
*[https://easterndandenongranges.com/ Eastern Dandenong Ranges]
*[http://www.bluedandenongs.com.au/ Blue Dandenongs]
*[http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au/ Parks Victoria]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317155105/http://www.rlcnews.org.au/stories/european_settlement/name_origins_of_places_in_rowville_and_lysterfield.php Info sourced from Knox Historical Society on place names in the area]
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21833643 The dandenongs in colour]

{{Victorian mountains |state=collapse}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Great Dividing Range]]