Editing Daniel arap Moi

{{Short description|President of Kenya from 1978 to 2002}}
{{Use Kenyan English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{hatnote|This article is about a person whose name includes a [[patronymic]]. As such, this person should normally be referred to by their [[given name]], Daniel.}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[His Excellency]]
| name                = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=KEN|CGH|size=100%}}
| birth_name          = Toroitich Arap Moi
| image               = Daniel arap Moi 1979b.jpg
| caption             = Moi in 1978
| order               = 2nd
| office              = President of Kenya
| term_start          = 22 August 1978
| term_end            = 30 December 2002 <br><small>Acting to 14 October 1978</small>
| vicepresident       = {{Plainlist|
* Mwai Kibaki
* [[Josephat Karanja]]
* [[George Saitoti]]
* [[Musalia Mudavadi]]
}}
| predecessor         = [[Jomo Kenyatta]]
| successor           = [[Mwai Kibaki]]
| order2              = 
| office2             = [[Chairperson of the OAU]]
| term_start2         = 24 June 1981
| term_end2           = 6 June 1983
| predecessor2        = [[Siaka Stevens]]
| successor2          = [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
| order3              = 3rd
| office3             = Vice President of Kenya
| term_start3         = 5 January 1967
| term_end3           = 22 August 1978
| president3          = Jomo Kenyatta
| predecessor3        = [[Joseph Murumbi]]
| successor3          = Mwai Kibaki
| office4             = Minister for Home Affairs
| term_start4         = 28 December 1964
| term_end4           = 9 April 1978
| president4          = Jomo Kenyatta
| predecessor4        = 
| successor4          = 
| office5             = [[Member of Parliament (Kenya)|Member of Parliament]]
| term_start5         = 5 December 1963
| term_end5           = 20 December 2002
| predecessor5        = 
| successor5          = [[Gideon Moi]]
| constituency5       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Baringo North Constituency|Baringo North]] (1963–1967)
* [[Baringo Central Constituency|Baringo Central]] (1967–2002)
}}
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1924|9|2|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Sacho]], Baringo, [[Kenya&nbsp;Colony]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2020|2|4|1924|9|2|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Nairobi]], Kenya
| party               = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]]
* [[Kenya African Democratic Union|KADU]] (1960–1964)
}}
| spouse              = {{marriage|{{ill|v=ib|Lena Moi|lt=Lena Bomett|simple}}|1950|1974|end=sep.}}<ref name="Moi1">{{Cite news |last=John Kamau |title=The First Lady Kenya never had |date=17 November 2013 |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/-/957860/2076766/-/7k1x1iz/-/index.html |access-date=18 November 2013 |archive-date=19 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119230726/http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/-/957860/2076766/-/7k1x1iz/-/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| children            = 8, including {{enum|{{#ifexist: Jonathan Toroitich Moi|[[Jonathan Toroitich Moi|Jonathan Toroitich]]}}|[[Gideon Moi|Gideon]]}}
| alma_mater          = [[Tambach Teachers Training College|Tambach TTC]]
| profession          = Teacher
| signature           = Arap moi Signature.svg
| signature_alt       = 
| website             = 
| footnotes           = 
| awards              = [[Silver World Award]] (1981)
| nickname            = 
}}

'''Daniel Toroitich arap Moi''' {{post-nominals|country=KEN|CGH}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|oː|iː}} {{respell|MOH|ee}}; 2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VO4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 |title=Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders |last1=East |first1=Roger |last2=Thomas |first2=Richard J. |date=3 June 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317639404 |access-date=27 May 2017 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140822/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VO4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> was a Kenyan politician who served as the second [[president of Kenya]] from 1978 to 2002. He is the country's longest-serving president to date. Moi previously served as the third [[vice president of Kenya]] from 1967 to 1978 under President [[Jomo Kenyatta]], becoming the president following the latter's death.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001359676/live-updates-and-photos-president-uhuru-views-moi-s-remains |title=Live updates and photos: Mzee Moi's remains at Parliament Buildings |access-date=9 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309140458/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/amp/article/2001359676/live-updates-and-photos-president-uhuru-views-moi-s-remains |url-status=live }}</ref>

Born into the [[Tugen people|Tugen]] sub-group of the [[Kalenjin people]] in the [[Kenyan Rift Valley]], Moi studied as a boy at the [[Africa Inland Mission]] school before training as a teacher at the Tambach teachers training college, working in that profession until 1955. He then entered politics and was elected a member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. As independence approached, Moi joined the Kenyan delegation which travelled to London for the [[Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)|Lancaster House Conferences]], where the country's first post-independence constitution was drafted. In 1960, he founded the [[Kenya African Democratic Union]] (KADU) as a rival party to Kenyatta's [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU). Following independence in 1963, Kenyatta who became [[Prime Minister of Kenya|Prime Minister]] and later President of the new nation, convinced Moi to merge the two parties. Kenyatta appointed Moi to his government in 1964 and then promoted him to vice-president in 1967. Despite opposition from a [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]] elite known as the [[Kiambu Mafia]], Kenyatta retained Moi as his Vice President. Moi took over as president when Kenyatta died in 1978.

Initially popular both nationally and in [[Western world|Western countries]], who saw his regime as countering against influences from the [[Eastern Bloc]]-aligned governments of [[Derg|Ethiopia]] and [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|Tanzania]], Moi's popularity fell around 1990 as the economy stagnated after the end of the [[Cold War]]. Following the agitation and external pressure, he was forced to allow multiparty elections in 1991. He then led his party, KANU, to victory in the [[1992 Kenyan general election|1992]] and [[1997 Kenyan general election|1997 elections]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |author-link=State House (Kenya) |title=Profile of Daniel arap Moi |url=http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/moi/profile.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705160330/http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/moi/profile.htm |archive-date=2014-07-05 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=[[State House (Kenya)|State House]]}}</ref> both of which have generally been regarded as neither free nor fair by independent observers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carver |first1=Richard |title=Kenya Since the Elections |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6c2c.html |website=Refworld |publisher=WRITENET |access-date=29 January 2022 |date=1 January 1994 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181659/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6c2c.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Atwood |first1=J. Brian |title=Kenya's Rigged Election |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0902/02191.html |website=csmonitor.com |publisher=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=29 January 2022 |date=2 September 1992 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129142830/https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0902/02191.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ajulu |first1=Rok |title=Kenya's Democracy Experiment: The 1997 Elections |journal=Review of African Political Economy |date=June 1998 |volume=25 |issue=76 |pages=275–285 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4006548 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |doi=10.1080/03056249808704315 |jstor=4006548 |issn=0305-6244|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Arne Tostensen, Bård-Anders Andreassen and Kjetil Tronvoll |title=Kenya's hobbled democracy revisited: the 1997 general elections in retrospect and prospect |journal=Human Rights Reports |date=February 1998 |issue=2 |url=https://www.cmi.no/publications/1132-kenyas-hobbled-democracy-revisited |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Norwegian Institute of Human Rights |oclc=41330580 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129142832/https://www.cmi.no/publications/1132-kenyas-hobbled-democracy-revisited |url-status=live }}</ref> Constitutionally barred from seeking a third term, Moi chose [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] as his successor, but Kenyatta was defeated by opposition leader [[Mwai Kibaki]] in the 2002 general election, and Kibaki succeeded Moi as president. Kenyatta would eventually win the presidency in the [[2013 Kenyan general election|2013 election]].

Moi's regime was deemed dictatorial especially before 1992 when Kenya was a [[one-party state]]. Human rights organisations such as [[Amnesty International]], as well as a special investigation by the United Nations, accused Moi of [[Human rights in Kenya|human rights abuses]] during his presidency. Inquiries held after the end of his presidency found evidence that Moi and his sons had engaged in significant levels of corruption, including the 1990s [[Goldenberg scandal]].<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/kenya-president-daniel-arap-moi-died-age-96-200204041905953.html Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi has died, aged 96]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Al Jazeera, 4 February 2020</ref>

==Early life and entry into politics==
Moi was born Toroitich arap (son of) Moi, Toroitich meaning "welcome home the cattle", in the [[Gregory Rift|Rift Valley]] village of Kuriengwo, which is now in [[Sacho]] division of [[Baringo County]].<ref name="mcfadden1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/obituaries/daniel-arap-moi-dead.html |title=Daniel arap Moi, Who Ruled Kenya for Decades, Dies at 96 |last=McFadden |first=Robert D. |date=3 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 February 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200204081553/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/obituaries/daniel-arap-moi-dead.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Moi's father, Kimoi arap Chebii, died in 1928. Moi was only four then and little is known about his mother, Kabon. What is known is that Tuitoek, his elder brother, became his guardian. Moi was one of the herdsboys from Sacho location recommended to join the new [[Africa Inland Mission]] (AIM) School at [[Kabartonjo]] in 1934 before it was shifted to [[Kapsabet]].<ref name="theeastafrican1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/4552908-5443212-10yyqggz/index.html |title=ARCHIVE: The First Lady Kenya never had |website=The East African |language=en |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204093513/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/4552908-5443212-10yyqggz/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was from the [[Tugen people|Tugen]] sub-group of the [[Kalenjin people]].<ref name="Quartz"/>

At the African Mission School at Kabartonjo, Moi became a Christian and adopted the name Daniel.<ref name="mcfadden1" /> Moi attended Tambach Teachers Training College after its relocation from Kabartonjo from 1945 to 1947. This is after the colonial government denied him a chance to enroll at [[Alliance High School (Kenya)|Alliance High School]]. He later attended Kagumo Teacher's College,<ref name="theeastafrican1" /> and taught classes at Tambach Teacher's Training College. Later he became the headmaster of a school in the [[Keiyo District]]. He worked as a teacher from 1946 until 1955.<ref name="theeastafrican1" />

Moi entered politics in 1955 when he was elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. He was the chosen replacement of Dr. John ole Tameno, the former representative who had had to quit due to heavy drinking and suspected connections to the freedom movement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2001237797/the-vet-who-often-sent-debt-reminders-to-president-jomo-kenyatta-handed-mzee-moi-the-mantle |title=The vet who often sent debt reminders to President Jomo Kenyatta 'handed' Mzee Moi the mantle |website=Standard Digital News |access-date=12 January 2018 |archive-date=12 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160702/https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2001237797/the-vet-who-often-sent-debt-reminders-to-president-jomo-kenyatta-handed-mzee-moi-the-mantle |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1957 Moi was re-elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. Moi was part of the Kenyan delegation at the [[Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)|Lancaster House Conferences]] in London, which drafted the country's first post-independence constitution, and in 1961, he became Minister of Education in the pre-independence government.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27498749 |work=BBC News |date=4 February 2020 |title=Obituary: Daniel arap Moi, former Kenyan president |access-date=11 February 2020 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213114551/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27498749 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1960 he founded the [[Kenya African Democratic Union]] (KADU) with Ronald Ngala as a [[Parliamentary opposition|political alternative]] to the [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU) led by Jomo Kenyatta. KADU pressed for a [[Federalism|federalist]] constitution, while KANU was in favour of [[Unitary state|a centralized government]]. The advantage lay with the numerically stronger KANU, and the first post-independence constitution emphasised national unity, structuring the country as a unitary state.<ref>{{cite journal |title='Yours in Struggle for Majimbo'. Nationalism and the Party Politics of Decolonization in Kenya, 1955-64 |author=David M. Anderson |journal=Journal of Contemporary History
|volume=40 |pages = 547–564|number=3 |date=July 2005|jstor = 30036342|doi = 10.1177/0022009405054571|s2cid=143835439 }}</ref>

==Vice-Presidency==
[[File:Paul Kiplimo Boit and Daniel Moi.jpg|left|thumb|234x234px|[[Paul Kiplimo Boit]] with Daniel arap Moi during his son's wedding in 1972, which was held in Kapkong Primary School]]
After Kenya gained independence on 12 December 1963, Kenyatta convinced Moi that KADU and KANU should merge to complete the process of decolonisation. Accordingly, KADU dissolved and joined KANU in 1964. The only real challenge to KANU's dominance came from the [[Kenya People's Union]], starting in 1966. That party was banned in 1969, and from that point onward Kenya was a de facto [[one-party state]] dominated by the [[Kikuyu people|Kĩkũyũ]]-[[Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania|Luo]] alliance. However, with an eye on the fertile lands of the Rift Valley populated by members of Moi's [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]] tribe, Kenyatta secured their support by first promoting Moi to Minister for Home Affairs in 1964, and then to [[Vice-President of Kenya|Vice-President]] in 1967. As a member of a minority tribe Moi was also an acceptable compromise for the major tribes. Moi was elected to the [[National Assembly of Kenya|Kenyan parliament]] in 1963 from [[Baringo North Constituency|Baringo North]]. From 1966 until his retirement in 2002, he served as the MP for [[Baringo Central Constituency|Baringo Central]] in addition to his various other offices.<ref>Hon. Wanyiri Kihoro (2007) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080228121210/http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf Politics and Paliamenterians in Kenya 1944–2007] Center for Multiparty Democracy</ref>

However, Moi faced opposition from the Kikuyu elite known as the [[Kiambu Mafia]], who would have preferred one of their own to accede to the presidency. This resulted in an attempt by the constitutional drafting group to change the constitution to prevent the vice-president automatically assuming power in the event of the president's death.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVPM53_gPP4C&pg=PA174 |title=History and Government |last1=Ephalina A. Maina |last2=Wycliffe A. Oboka |last3=Julius Makong'o |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966253330 |page=174 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140843/https://books.google.com/books?id=XVPM53_gPP4C&pg=PA174#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> However, many senior Kikuyu politicians, including [[Mwai Kibaki]] and [[Charles Njonjo]], as well as Kenyatta himself, opposed such a change to the [[order of succession]], fearing it might lead to [[Revolution|political instability]] if Kenyatta died, given his advanced age and perennial illnesses. Thus, Moi's position as successor to Kenyatta was safeguarded.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8p3008fh&chunk.id=d0e4403&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e4403&brand=ucpress |title=African Successes: Four Public Managers of Kenyan Rural Development |last=David K. Leonard |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS |year=1991 |pages=168–169 |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729021642/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8p3008fh&chunk.id=d0e4403&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e4403&brand=ucpress |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Presidency==
[[File:Kenya presidential standard DANIEL ARAP MOI.svg|left|thumb|230x230px|Presidential Standard of Daniel Toroitich arap Moi]]
When Jomo Kenyatta died on 22 August 1978, Moi became acting president. Per the Constitution, a [[1978 Kenyan presidential election|special presidential election]] for the balance of Kenyatta's term was to be held on 8 November, 90 days later. However, a Cabinet meeting decided that no one else was interested in running for presidency, thus various politicians began campaigning across the country for Moi to be declared the president unopposed. He was therefore sworn in as the second President of Kenya on 14 October 1978 as a result of the [[walkover]] electoral process.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp3bhYdaW7cC&pg=PA28 |title=Masinde Muliro: A Biography |last=Simiyu Wandibba |publisher=East African Publishers |year=1996 |isbn=9789966467652 |page=28 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140824/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp3bhYdaW7cC&pg=PA28#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAdXAAAAYAAJ |title=The Weekly Review |publisher=Stellascope Limited |year=1988 |page=11}}</ref>
[[File:Koningin Juliana en Prins Bernhard ontvangen President Arap Moi van Kenya op Pal, Bestanddeelnr 930-3185.jpg|thumb|227x227px|Moi with [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Prince Bernhard]] during his state visit to the Netherlands in June 1979]]
In the beginning, Moi was popular with widespread support all over the country. He toured the country and came into contact with the people everywhere, which was in great contrast to Kenyatta's imperious style of leadership from behind closed doors. However, political realities dictated that he would continue to be beholden to the system of government that Kenyatta had created and to whose headship he had acceded, including the nearly dictatorial powers vested in his office. Despite his popularity, Moi was still unable to fully consolidate his power. From the beginning, [[anti-communism]] was an important theme of Moi's government; speaking on the new President's behalf, Vice-President [[Mwai Kibaki]] bluntly stated, "There is no room for [[Communist Party of Kenya|Communists]] in Kenya."<ref>Miller, Norman and Rodger Yeager. ''Kenya: The Quest for Prosperity'' (second edition). Page 173.</ref>

On 1 August 1982, lower-level Air Force personnel, led by Senior [[Private (rank)|Private]] Grade-I [[Hezekiah Ochuka]] and backed by university students, [[1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt|attempted a coup d'état]] to oust Moi. The revolt was quickly suppressed by military and police forces commanded by Chief of General Staff [[Mahamoud Mohamed]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ |title=Society |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |year=1992 |page=12}}</ref> There may have been two or even three independent groups attempting to seize power at the same time, for differing reasons, but the most serious was led by prominent Kikuyu politicians and members of the police and armed forces.<ref>{{cite book |page=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_UYruQyn54C&pg=PA31 |title=Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election |author1=David Throup |author2=Charles Hornsby |publisher=James Currey Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=9780852558041 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140843/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_UYruQyn54C&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Moi took the opportunity to dismiss political opponents and consolidate his power. He reduced the influence of Kenyatta's men in the cabinet through a long-running judicial enquiry that resulted in the identification of key Kenyatta men as traitors. Moi pardoned them but not before establishing their traitor status in the public view. The main conspirators in the coup, including Ochuka, were sentenced to death, marking the last judicial executions in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/big-read/2016-09-07-no-hanging-since-1987-is-death-penalty-still-relevant/ |work=[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]] |author=Joseph Ndunda |title=No hanging since 1987: Is death penalty still relevant? |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204190711/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/big-read/2016-09-07-no-hanging-since-1987-is-death-penalty-still-relevant/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Moi appointed loyalists to key positions and changed the constitution to formally make KANU the only legally permitted party in the country. But this made little difference to the political situation, as all significant opposition parties had been outlawed since 1969. Kenya's academics and other intelligentsia did not accept this and educational institutions across the country became sites of movements that sought to introduce democratic reforms. However, Kenyan [[secret police]] infiltrated these groups and many of their members were exiled. [[Marxism]] could no longer be taught at Kenyan universities. The remaining opposition at home went underground.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-372744-l7yig3z/index.html |author=Stephen Mburu |date=12 March 2000 |title=Govt reaction was very harsh |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204190838/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-372744-l7yig3z/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Dr Banda is welcomed in Kenya by Daniel Arap Moi.jpg|left|thumb|Moi welcoming [[Hastings Banda]] to Kenya]]
Starting in the late 1980s, Moi's regime faced the [[Cold War (1985–1991)|end of the Cold War]], as well as a national economic stagnation under rising oil prices and falling prices of agricultural commodities. Western governments also became more hostile to the KANU regime, a change of policy from the time of the Cold War, when Kenya had been viewed as an important regional stabilizer, preventing the spread of Soviet influence beyond [[Derg|Ethiopia]], [[Somali Democratic Republic|Somalia]], and [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|Tanzania]]. During that time, Kenya had received much foreign aid, and the country was accepted as a stable, if authoritarian, regime with Moi and the KANU firmly in charge. Western allies overlooked the increasing degree of [[political repression]], including the use of [[torture]] at the infamous [[Nyayo House]] torture chambers. Some of the evidence of these torture cells was exposed in 2003 after opposition leader [[Mwai Kibaki]] became president.<ref>News From Africa, March 2003: [http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_1282.html Stunning revelations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060710205059/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_1282.html |date=10 July 2006 }}</ref>
[[File:Prince Michael Moi of Kenya is welcomed upon his arrival for a visit to the United States - DPLA - 56e0485545d8c2ebff29726c93a2e1e7.jpeg|thumb|Daniel arap Moi of Kenya is welcomed upon his arrival for a visit to the United States on 28 September 1981.]]
With the fall of the Soviet Union and a lessening need to counter [[Socialist state|socialist influence]] in the region, Western policymakers changed their toward Moi and other pro-Western Third World authoritarian regimes. They increasingly regarded Moi as a [[despotism|despotic ruler]] rather than an important regional stabilizer. Foreign aid was withheld pending compliance with economic and political reforms. One of the key conditions imposed on his regime, especially by the United States through fiery ambassador [[Smith Hempstone]], was the restoration of a [[multi-party system]]. Despite his own lack of enthusiasm for the reintroduction of a multi-party system, Moi managed to win over his party who were against the reform. Moi announced his intention to repeal Section 2(A) of the constitution, lifting the ban on opposition parties, at a KANU conference in [[Kasarani]] in December 1991. Despite fierce debate and opposition from many delegates, the conference passed the motion unanimously.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_UYruQyn54C&pg=PA86 |title=Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election |last1=David Throup |last2=Charles Hornsby |publisher=James Currey Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=9780852558041 |pages=86–87 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140826/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_UYruQyn54C&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Regardless of the presence of opposition parties, Moi and the KANU clinched power in the first multi-party elections in [[1992 Kenyan general election|1992]], and once again in [[1997 Kenyan general election|1997]]. Both elections were marred by [[political violence]] on both the government and opposition forces. Moi skillfully exploited Kenya's mix of ethnic tensions in these contests, gaining a plurality in both elections through a mix of picking votes across the country while his opponents' support was more concentrated, attracting votes from smaller tribes, and the [[Luhya people|Luhya]], and taking advantage of fears of Kikuyu domination over the non-Kikuyu majority.<ref name="CowenLaakso141">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLvSYzHNTHcC&pg=PA141 |title=Multi-party Elections in Africa |last1=Michael Cowen |last2=Liisa Laakso |publisher=James Currey Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=9780852558430 |pages=141–142 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140829/https://books.google.com/books?id=kLvSYzHNTHcC&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the absence of an effective and organised opposition, Moi had no difficulty in winning. Although it is also suspected that electoral fraud may have occurred, the key to his victory in both elections was a divided opposition. In 1992 he polled 36.3% of the votes, and in 1997 he received 40.4%, but both were comfortable victories due to vote-splitting between the various opposition groups, which failed to unify and field one opposition candidate.<ref name="CowenLaakso141" />

==Criticism and corruption allegations==
{{see also|Corruption in Kenya|Goldenberg scandal}}
[[File:Nyayo Monument 2007.jpg|left|thumb|Nyayo Monument, located in Central Park in [[Nairobi]], was built in 1988 to commemorate the 10-year anniversary of Daniel Arap Moi's presidency.]]
In 1999, the findings of NGOs like [[Amnesty International]] and a special investigation by the United Nations were published, and they indicated that [[human rights abuse]]s were prevalent in Kenya under the Moi regime.<ref name="huri-01">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/kenya/document.do?id=AF95118DFE41371C802568E400729F0A |title=Kenya |website=Amnesty International Report 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130051054/http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/kenya/document.do?id=AF95118DFE41371C802568E400729F0A |archive-date=30 November 2005 |access-date=12 December 2005 }}</ref><ref name="huri-02">{{Cite web |url=http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=U1343Q6367847.5490&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=bib&ri=&index=.SW&term=kenya&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&x=8&y=13&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.TN&term=torture&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.AW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&sort= |title=UN Special Rapporteur |website=Misc. reports concerning abuse of human rights in Kenya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622112254/http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=U1343Q6367847.5490&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=bib&ri=&index=.SW&term=kenya&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&x=8&y=13&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.TN&term=torture&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.AW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&ultype=&uloper==&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper==&ullimit=&sort= |archive-date=22 June 2011 |access-date=12 December 2005}}</ref>

Reporting on corruption and human rights abuses by British reporter [[Mary Anne Fitzgerald]] from 1987 to 1988 resulted in her being vilified by the government and finally deported.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsRAAQAAIAAJ |title=IPI Report |page=5 |volume=38 |author=Secretariat of the I.P.I. |year=1989 |author-link=International Press Institute |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530141331/https://books.google.com/books?id=RsRAAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Moi was implicated in the 1990s' [[Goldenberg scandal]] and subsequent cover-ups, where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold far in excess of the foreign currency earnings of exporters. In this case, the gold was smuggled from [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], as Kenya has negligible gold reserves. The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10% of the country's annual GDP.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3495689.stm |work=BBC News |date=17 February 2004 |title=Moi 'ordered' Goldenberg payment |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819024235/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3495689.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Groepsfoto met in het midden Koningin Beatrix, Bestanddeelnr 934-4201.jpg|thumb|International environmental conference in the Peace Palace in [[The Hague]], 11 March 1989]]
Inquiries that began at the request of foreign aid donors never amounted to anything substantial during Moi's presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/world/aid-donors-insist-on-kenya-reforms.html |title=AID DONORS INSIST ON KENYA REFORMS |work=New York Times |date=27 November 1991 |author=Steven Greenhouse |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902043628/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/world/aid-donors-insist-on-kenya-reforms.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2000 |author=John Githongo |title=Corruption: Are We Innocent? |url=http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/politicaleconomy/Githongo/Corruption-Are%20We%20Innocent.doc |work=Kenya Museum Society |page=6 |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729060659/http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/politicaleconomy/Githongo/Corruption-Are%20We%20Innocent.doc |url-status=live }}</ref> Although it appears that the [[peaceful transition of power]] to [[Mwai Kibaki]] may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency, foreign aid donors reiterated their requests, and Kibaki reopened the inquiry. As the inquiry progressed, Moi, his two sons; Philip and Gideon (now a Senator), and his daughter, June, as well as a host of high-ranking Kenyans, were implicated. In a testimony delivered in late July 2003, Treasury Permanent Secretary [[Joseph Magari]] recounted that in 1991 Moi ordered him to pay Ksh34.5&nbsp;million ($460,000) to Goldenberg, contrary to the laws then in force.<ref>[http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/1499.cfm Kenya: Corruption Scandal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815181710/http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/1499.cfm |date=15 August 2007 }} William Karanja, World Press Review correspondent. From the October 2003 issue of World Press Review (Vol. 50, No. 10)</ref>
[[File:Moi and Bush.jpg|left|thumb|President Moi with U.S. President George W. Bush in New York in 2001]]
[[Wangari Maathai]] discussed Moi's actions during the 1980s and early 1990s, systematically attempting to dismantle the [[Greenbelt Movement]] after Maathai voiced displeasure at the government's attempts to build an office tower in [[Uhuru Park]]. According to Maathai, Moi's actions included removing the Greenbelt Movement from government office space and attempting to cut off funding from international donors by limiting funding through government sanctioned bodies.<ref>{{cite book|title=Unbowed: a memoir|author=Wangari Maathai|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|pages=184–205|date=2006|isbn=0307263487|location=New York}}</ref>  Maathai also discussed Moi's tactics during the beginning of the multiparty movement in the 1990s (see [[Forum for the Restoration of Democracy]]) whereby Moi announced the military would take over the government before the December 1992 elections. Maathai received communication during that time that an assassination list had been drawn up, and noted the mysterious deaths of Bishop [[Alexander Muge]] and [[Robert Ouko (politician)|Robert Ouko]].<ref name="Wangari Maathai 2006 206–229">{{cite book|title=Unbowed: a memoir|author=Wangari Maathai|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|pages=206–229|date=2006|isbn=0307263487|location=New York}}</ref> The Release Political Prisoners party was also formed in the early 1990s to secure the release of political prisoners of the Moi regime and to protest state-sanctioned torture and random imprisonment. The police dispersed the protestors and many of the mothers of these political prisoners from Freedom Corner in Uhuru Park on March 3, 1992. After a year-long vigil and hunger strike by many of the mothers of these political prisoners in the Anglican [[All Saints' Cathedral, Nairobi|All Saints Cathedral]] near Uhuru Park, the government released 51 prisoners en masse in early 1993.<ref name="Wangari Maathai 2006 206–229"/>

In October 2006, Moi was found by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to have taken a bribe from a Pakistani businessman, to award a monopoly of duty-free shops at the country's international airports in Mombasa and Nairobi. The businessman, Ali Nasir, claimed to have paid Moi US$2 million in cash to obtain government approval for the World Duty Free Limited investment in Kenya.<ref>[http://www.asil.org/ilib/2007/02/ilib070220.html International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815002919/https://www.asil.org/ilib/2007/02/ilib070220.html |date=15 August 2007 }} World Duty Free Company Ltd. v. Kenya (4 October 2006)</ref>

On 31 August 2007, [[WikiLeaks]] published a secret report that laid bare a web of shell companies, secret trusts and front men that his entourage had used to channel hundreds of millions of pounds into nearly 30 countries.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/31/kenya.topstories3 The looting of Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131213722/http://www.guardian.co.uk/kenya/story/0,,2159757,00.html |date=31 January 2008 }}. Guardian. 31 August 2007. Retrieved on 6 September 2011.</ref>

==Retirement==
[[File:George W. Bush - Daniel arap Moi - Meles Zenawi.jpg|thumb|234x234px|US President [[George W. Bush]] welcomes President Daniel arap Moi of Kenya and Prime Minister [[Meles Zenawi]] of Ethiopia to the Oval Office, 2002.]]
Moi was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 presidential elections. Some of his supporters flirted with the idea of amending the constitution to allow him to run for a third term, but Moi preferred to retire, choosing [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], the son of Kenya's first President, as his successor.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/world/kenya-s-leader-to-step-down-but-not-out.html |title=Kenya's Leader to Step Down but Not Out |last=Marc Lacey |date=13 October 2002 |work=New York Times |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204053348/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/world/kenya-s-leader-to-step-down-but-not-out.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, [[Mwai Kibaki]] was elected president by a two to one majority over Kenyatta, which was confirmed on 29 December 2002. At that point Kibaki required the use of a wheelchair, having narrowly escaped death in a road accident on the campaign trail. Moi handed over power in a poorly organised ceremony that had one of the largest crowds ever seen in Nairobi in attendance. The crowd was openly hostile to Moi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/dec/30/kenya |title=Kibaki sworn in as Kenyan president |date=30 December 2002 |work=The Guardian |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530141332/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/dec/30/kenya |url-status=live }}</ref>

After leaving office in December 2002, Moi lived in retirement, largely shunned by the political establishment. Nevertheless, he still retained some popularity with the masses, and his presence never failed to gather a crowd. He spoke out against a proposal for a new constitution in 2005, which according to him, the document was contrary to the aspirations of the Kenyan people. After the proposal was defeated in a [[2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum|November 2005 constitutional referendum]], President Kibaki called Moi to arrange for a meeting to discuss the way forward.

On 25 July 2007, Kibaki appointed Moi as special peace envoy to [[Sudan]], referring to Moi's "vast experience and knowledge of African affairs" and "his stature as an elder statesman". In his capacity as peace envoy, Moi's primary task was to help secure peace in southern Sudan where an agreement, signed in early 2005, was being implemented. At the time, the Kenyan press speculated that Moi and Kibaki were planning an alliance ahead of the [[2007 Kenyan presidential election|December 2007 election]].<ref>C. Bryson Hull, [http://www.sudantech.com/redesign/sudan1/completenews.php?nsid=3&cid=2 Kenya names ex-leader special envoy to Sudan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331194448/http://www.sudantech.com/redesign/sudan1/completenews.php?nsid=3&cid=2 |date=31 March 2012 }}, Reuters (''IOL''), 26 July 2007.</ref> On 28 August 2007, Moi announced his support for Kibaki's re-election and said that he would campaign for Kibaki. He sharply criticised the two opposition [[Orange Democratic Movement]] factions, arguing that they were tribal in nature.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071007114915/http://www.eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143973644 Moi supports Kibaki’s re-election]}}, ''The Standard'' (Kenya), 28 August 2007.</ref><ref>Lucas Barasa and Benjamin Muindi, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200708280714.html "Kenya: Moi Endorses Kibaki for Second Term"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830122616/http://allafrica.com/stories/200708280714.html |date=30 August 2007 }}, ''The Nation'' (Nairobi), 28 August 2007.</ref>

Moi owned the [[Kiptagich Tea Factory]], established in 1979, which has been involved in controversy. In 2009, the factory was under the threat of being closed down by the government during the [[Mau Forest]] evictions.<ref>Daily Nation, 22 December 2009: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/-/1064/829452/-/view/printVersion/-/10qvtnt/-/index.html MP vows to fight Moi eviction bid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192654/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/-/1064/829452/-/view/printVersion/-/10qvtnt/-/index.html |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Moi was married to {{ill|Lena Moi|simple}} (née Helena Bomett) from 1950 until their separation in 1974, before his assumption of the presidency. Lena's parents, the Paul Bomett family, were pioneer Christians in Eldama Ravine. They respected Moi, the young, tall, handsome and well-mannered orphan boy.<ref name="theeastafrican1" />

It was at the Bometts that Moi sought shelter during school holidays, unable to return home, 160 kilometres away, like the older boys.<ref name="theeastafrican1" /> He would also stay at the home of the Christian family of [[Isaiah Chesire]], the father of Kanu's nominated MP [[Zipporah Kittony]], and former Eldoret North MP [[Reuben Chesire]].<ref name="theeastafrican1" />

In 1950, after leaving Kagumo Teacher's College, Moi, who had been dating Lena, married her in a church wedding officiated by Erik Barnett, the son of Albert Barnett (after whom [[Kabarnet]] Town is named) at the AIC mission in Eldama Ravine after he paid two heifers, one ox, and four sheep to the Bomett family. Moi's long-time friend, [[Francis Cherogony]], was the best man. With the marriage, Lena abandoned her career as a teacher and immersed herself in bringing up her family, settling down with Moi at Tambach Government School, where his first two children, Jennifer and Jonathan Kipkemboi, were born in 1952 and 1953 respectively.<ref name="theeastafrican1" />

Daniel arap Moi had eight children: five sons and three daughters. Among the children are [[Gideon Moi]], who had a political career of his own in Kenya and Jonathan Toroitich (a former [[Rallying|rally]] driver, died 2019) and Philip Moi (a retired army officer).<ref>Ghanaweb.com, 15 April 2005: His other son Raymond Moi is member of parliament, Rongai constituency in Nakuru County.[http://www.modernghana.com/news/75799/1/document-rawlings-speech-at-the-aparc.html DOCUMENT: Rawlings' Speech at the APARC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012085814/http://www.modernghana.com/news/75799/1/document-rawlings-speech-at-the-aparc.html |date=12 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>''The Standard'', 1 August 2004: {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080507191527/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/august/sun01082004/headlines/news31070401.htm Humble in life, great in death]}}</ref> His older and only brother William Tuitoek died in 1995.<ref>Daily Nation, 28 January 2002: [http://allafrica.com/stories/200201280031.html A choice of seven grand homes: Which will Moi opt for?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020133407/http://allafrica.com/stories/200201280031.html |date=20 October 2012 }}</ref> He was a lifelong member of the [[Africa Inland Mission]] Church, following his enrollment at the church's school with fellow acquaintance Sammy C. and Philip M. in 1934.<ref name="Quartz">{{Cite news |url=https://qz.com/africa/1796546/how-kenyas-late-daniel-arap-moi-became-a-big-man-president/ |title=How Daniel arap Moi became Kenya's "big man" president |last=Gabrielle Lynch |date=4 February 2020 |work=Quartz Africa |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204112348/https://qz.com/africa/1796546/how-kenyas-late-daniel-arap-moi-became-a-big-man-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Moi was the founder and patron of major schools in Kenya which include Moi Educational Centre, Kabarak High School, Kabarak University<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kabarak.ac.ke/home-page-default/|title=Kenya's Top Private Chartered institution of higher learning|website=Welcome to Kabarak University - Kenya|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-15|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215014702/https://kabarak.ac.ke/home-page-default/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sunshine Secondary Schools, and Sacho Primary and Secondary, among others.<ref name="LivingstoneSparks2013">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA314 |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |last1=E. A. Livingstone |last2=M. W. D. Sparks |last3=R. W. Peacocke |date=12 September 2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-965962-3 |pages=314–}}</ref>

==Death==
In October 2019, retired president Moi was hospitalized under critical condition at [[The Nairobi Hospital]] due to complications of [[pleural effusion]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.mpasho.co.ke/all-about-the-condition-former-president-moi-is-being-treated-for-in-icu/ |title=All about the condition former President Moi is being treated for in ICU |date=29 October 2019 |publisher=Mphaso |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204060951/https://new.mpasho.co.ke/all-about-the-condition-former-president-moi-is-being-treated-for-in-icu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was discharged in November 2019, only to be hospitalized again days later for knee surgery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019-11-11-ex-president-moi-rushed-back-to-nairobi-hospital-again/ |title=Ex-President Moi rushed back to Nairobi Hospital, again |date=11 November 2019 |website=The Star |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213204/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019-11-11-ex-president-moi-rushed-back-to-nairobi-hospital-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He developed respiratory complications and underwent a [[tracheotomy]].<ref name=health>{{cite news|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Daniel-Moi-fought-for-life/4552908-5444690-ihdsq1/index.html|title=How former President Daniel arap Moi fought for life|newspaper=The East African|date=5 February 2020|access-date=7 February 2020|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065647/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Daniel-Moi-fought-for-life/4552908-5444690-ihdsq1/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A month later, he suffered from [[gastrointestinal hemorrhage]] which led to [[multiple organ failure]], and was placed on life-support.<ref name=health/>

Moi died at The Nairobi Hospital in the early morning of 4 February 2020, at the age of 95; however, during Moi's memorial service on 9 February 2020 at his Kabarnet Gardens home in Nairobi, his son Raymond, told congregants that he was 105 years old at the time of his death.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001359848/moi-was-105-years-old-son-says/ |title=Raymond: Moi was 130 years old |date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Standard Digital |access-date=14 February 2020 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824094008/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001359848/moi-was-105-years-old-son-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Moi's body was lain at parliament building for public view for three days, from 8 February to 10 February 2020. A [[state funeral]] service was conducted at Nyayo Stadium on 11 February 2020, before the burial in his Kabarak home in Nakuru county.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51458017 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Kenya's Daniel arap Moi: Thousands pack stadium for funeral |date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212164937/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51458017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/obituaries/daniel-arap-moi-dead.html |title=Daniel Toroitich arap Moi, Who Ruled Kenya for Decades, Dies at 96 |date=4 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200204081553/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/obituaries/daniel-arap-moi-dead.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/445467076/PRESIDENTIAL-PROCLAMATION-With-Respect-To-THE-DEATH-OF-H-E-DANIEL-TOROITICH-arap-MOI-C-G-H |title=PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION - With Respect To - THE DEATH OF H.E. DANIEL TOROITICH arap MOI, C.G.H. |date=4 February 2020 |publisher=[[State House (Kenya)]] |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204045948/https://www.scribd.com/document/445467076/PRESIDENTIAL-PROCLAMATION-With-Respect-To-THE-DEATH-OF-H-E-DANIEL-TOROITICH-arap-MOI-C-G-H |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Olewe |first=Dickens |date=2020-02-04 |title=Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50238081 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=2020-02-11 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204123712/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50238081 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was buried at his Kabarak home on 12 February 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2020/02/moi-to-be-buried-at-kabarak-home-in-nakuru-family-says/|title = Moi to be buried at Kabarak home in Nakuru, family says » Capital News|date = 4 February 2020|access-date = 6 February 2020|archive-date = 6 February 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200206070344/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2020/02/moi-to-be-buried-at-kabarak-home-in-nakuru-family-says/|url-status = live}}</ref> complete with military honors which included a [[19-gun salute]] followed by a [[missing man formation]] flyby.<ref name="nation.co.ke">{{Citation|title=Moi sent off with 19-gun salute — VIDEO|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Moi-sent-off-with-19-gun-salute-in-Kabarak/1056-5452984-ss17hb/index.html|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212204804/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Moi-sent-off-with-19-gun-salute-in-Kabarak/1056-5452984-ss17hb/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His grave is next to his former wife Lena Bomett.<ref name="nation.co.ke"/>

==Legacy==
===Eponyms===
{{main|List of things named after Daniel arap Moi}}
*[[Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital]]<ref name="FamousEponyms">{{cite news |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001359167/famous-places-named-after-former-president-daniel-moi |work=The Standard |date=4 February 2020 |author=Babu Tendu |title=Famous places named after former president Daniel Moi |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204192129/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001359167/famous-places-named-after-former-president-daniel-moi |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Moi Air Base]], Nairobi<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
*[[Moi International Airport]], Mombasa<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
*[[Moi International Sports Centre]], Kasarani, Nairobi<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
*[[Moi Stadium]], Kisumu.<ref name="FamousEponyms"/> 
*[[Moi Stadium]], Embu<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-01 |title=Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/other-sports/machines-spring-to-life-at-embu-s-moi-stadium-after-an-uneasy-10-year-wait-4197008/ |work=[[Nation News Online]] |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610172433/https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/other-sports/machines-spring-to-life-at-embu-s-moi-stadium-after-an-uneasy-10-year-wait-4197008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Moi University]], Eldoret<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
*Roads and streets:
**[[Moi Avenue (Mombasa)]]<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
**[[Moi Avenue (Nairobi)]]<ref name="FamousEponyms"/>
*A number of institutions of learning 
**Moi Girls High School, Eldoret among others

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Kenya|Politics}}
*[[Politics of Kenya]]
*[[Presidency of Daniel Moi]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Daniel arap Moi}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071213184344/http://www.moiinstitute.org/index.php Moi Africa Institute]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092853/http://www.africanconnections.com/Daniel_arap_Moi_pre.html Presentation to the National Summit on Africa], Washington, DC (USA) – February 2000 (an AFRICAN CONNECTIONS documentary)

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{{s-off}}
{{Succession box
|title  = [[Vice-President of Kenya]]
|before = [[Joseph Murumbi]]
|after  = [[Mwai Kibaki]]
|years  = 1967{{spaced ndash}}1978
}}
{{Succession box
|title  = [[List of heads of state of Kenya|President of Kenya]]
|before = [[Jomo Kenyatta]]
|after  = [[Mwai Kibaki]]
|years  = 1978{{spaced ndash}}2002
}}
{{s-end}}

{{KenyaPresidents}}
{{KenyaVPs}}
{{African Union chairpersons}}

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[[Category:1924 births]]
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[[Category:People from Baringo County]]
[[Category:Kalenjin people]]
[[Category:Kenyan Christians]]
[[Category:Kenya African National Union politicians]]
[[Category:Kenyan anti-communists]]
[[Category:Presidents of Kenya]]
[[Category:Vice-presidents of Kenya]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Kenya]]
[[Category:Alumni of Kapsabet High School]]