Editing Dashboard

{{Short description|Control panel placed in front of the driver/pilot of a vehicle/small aircraft}}
{{About|a control panel placed in front of the driver or pilot of a vehicle or small aircraft}}

[[Image:Bentley Continental GTC 011.JPG|thumb|right|upright=1.3|The dashboard of a [[Bentley Continental GT]]C]]

A '''dashboard''' (also called '''dash''', '''instrument panel''' or '''IP''', or '''fascia''') is a [[control panel (engineering)|control panel]] set within the [[central console]] of a [[vehicle]], [[boat]], or [[cockpit]] of an [[aircraft]] or [[spacecraft]]. Usually located directly ahead of the driver (or pilot), it displays instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation.<ref name="dictionary">{{cite web|url=http://m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=dashboard|title=Dictionary entry for ''dashboard''|publisher=[[Merriam–Webster]]|access-date=2006-10-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140031/http://m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=dashboard|archive-date=2007-09-29}}</ref><ref name="OED">{{OED|dashboard}}; citing ''Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, 1846'', 81, in [[United States Congressional Serial Set]] (29th Congress, 2nd Session: House of Representatives Executive Document 52), III.</ref> An electronic equivalent may be called an '''electronic instrument cluster''', '''digital instrument panel''', '''digital dash''', '''digital speedometer''' or '''digital instrument cluster'''''.'' By analogy, a succinct display of various types of related [[Data and information visualization|visual data]] in one place is also called a dashboard.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/dashboards/what-is |title=What is a dashboard? A complete overview |date=2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=tableau.com |publisher=[[Salesforce]], Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330192909/https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/dashboards/what-is |archive-date=2024-03-30}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Dashboard (PSF).png|right|thumb|Horse-drawn carriage dashboard]]

Originally, the word ''dashboard'' applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn [[Carriage#Body|carriage]] or [[sled|sleigh]] to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.<ref name="dictionary" /> The first known use of the term (hyphenated as ''dash-board'', and applied to sleighs) dates from 1847.<ref name="OED" /> Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use.

When the first "[[horseless carriage]]s" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the [[Daimler Stahlradwagen]], the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel, although retaining its [[Archaic period (North America)|archaic]] common name.

The first mass-produced automobile, the [[Oldsmobile Curved Dash]], got its name from its dashboard, which was curved like that of a sleigh.<ref>{{cite magazine|url={{Google books|nCEDAAAAMBAJ|Popular Science Dec 1951|page=RA1-PA129#v=twopage|plainurl=yes}}|last=Soule|first=Gardner|title=From Coast to Coast in an Old Old Olds|pages=129–132, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nCEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PARA1-PA258 258]|magazine=[[Popular Science]]|date=December 1951|volume=159|issue=6|editor-last=Torrey|editor-first=Volta|publisher=Popular Science Publishing|location=New York}} Article on a 1904 Olds making a coast to coast trip with detailed photo of subject on p. 130.</ref>

== Dashboard features==
[[Image:Lightmatter Dashboard.jpg|thumb|right|Dashboard instruments displaying various car and engine conditions]]

Where the dashboard originally included an array of simple controls (e.g., the [[steering wheel]]) and instrumentation to show speed, fuel level and oil pressure, the modern dashboard may accommodate a broad array of gauges, and controls as well as information, climate control and entertainment systems. Although a clock is typically embedded within the entertainment system, some cars have a separate dashboard clock.

Contemporary dashboards may include the [[speedometer]], [[tachometer]], [[odometer]], engine coolant temperature gauge, and [[fuel gauge]], turn indicators, gearshift position indicator, seat belt warning light, parking-brake warning light,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PP2 "Signal to Warn Driver That the Emergency Brake Is Engaged"], ''[[Popular Science]]'', February 1919, page 86 (unlabeled), via Google Books.</ref> and engine-malfunction lights.  Heavy vehicles that feature [[Air brake (road vehicle)|air brakes]], such as trucks and buses will also have gauges to indicate the available air pressure in the braking system.  Other features may include a gauge for [[alternator]] voltage, indicators for low fuel, low oil pressure, low tire pressure and faults in the airbag (SRS) systems, [[glove compartment]], ashtray and a cigarette lighter or power outlet{{snd}}as well as heating and ventilation systems, lighting controls, safety systems, entertainment equipment and information systems, e.g., [[automotive navigation system|navigation systems]].

==Padding and safety==
In 1937, [[Chrysler]], [[Dodge]], [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]], and [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]] cars came with a safety dashboard that was flat, raised above knee height, and had all the controls mounted flush.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Chrysler_and_Imperial/1937_Chrysler/1937_Chrysler_Royal-Imperial_Brochure/1937%20Chrysler%20Royal%20%20amp%20%20Imperial-31.html |title=Ever Gave Such Safety |access-date=2012-02-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309175355/http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Chrysler_and_Imperial/1937_Chrysler/1937_Chrysler_Royal-Imperial_Brochure/1937%20Chrysler%20Royal%20%20amp%20%20Imperial-31.html |archive-date=2014-03-09 }}</ref>

Padded dashboards were advocated in the 1930s by [[Automobile safety|car safety]] pioneer [[Claire L. Straith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straithclinic.com/aboutUs/history.htm|title=History of Straith Clinic in Birmingham, Dearborn, and West Bloomfield MI |publisher=straithclinic.com |access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225175343/http://straithclinic.com/aboutUs/history.htm|archive-date=25 February 2009}}</ref> In 1948, the [[Tucker 48]] became the first car with a padded dashboard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Tucker/album/album/1948%20Tucker-04.html |title=Step into the New Automotive Age in the Rear Engine Tucker |access-date=2012-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204091038/http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Tucker/album/album/1948%20Tucker-04.html |archive-date=2010-12-04 }}</ref>

One of the safety enhancements of the 1970s was the widespread adoption of padded dashboards. The padding is commonly [[polyurethane foam]], while the surface is commonly either [[polyvinyl chloride]] (PVC) or leather in the case of luxury models.

In the early and mid-1990s, [[airbag]]s became a standard feature of steering wheels and dashboards.

==Fashion in instrumentation==
[[Image:Lancia beta interior.jpg|thumb|right|Stylised dashboard from a 1980s [[Lancia Beta]]]]
[[File:95-05 Grand Marquis dashboard.jpg|thumb|The dashboard design of a Mercury Grand Marquis from 1992 to 2005]]

In the 1940s through the 1960s, American car manufacturers and their imitators designed aesthetically shaped instruments on a dashboard accented with chrome and transparent plastic, which could be less readable, but was often thought to be more stylish. Sunlight could cause a bright glare on the chrome, particularly for a convertible.  On North American vehicles in particular,  this trend lingered on until the late-1980s, which still featured dashboards with wood and fake chrome embellishment along with square instruments – long after European and Japanese manufacturers had long embraced a plainer, more functional and austere approach for dashboard and instrument panel design.

With the advent of the [[Vacuum fluorescent display|VFD]], [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] and [[Liquid-crystal display|LCD]] in consumer electronics, some manufacturers used instruments with digital readouts to make their cars appear more up to date. Some cars use a [[head-up display]] to project the speed of the car onto the windscreen in imitation of fighter aircraft, but in a far less complex display.

In recent years, spurred on by the growing aftermarket use of dash kits, many automakers have taken the initiative to add more stylistic elements to their dashboards. One prominent example of this is the Chevrolet Sonic which offers both exterior (e.g., a custom graphics package) and interior cosmetic upgrades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chevrolet.com/sonic-small-car/accessories.html|title=Chevrolet Accessories|publisher=www.chevrolet.com|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221103041/http://www.chevrolet.com/sonic-small-car/accessories.html|archive-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> In addition to OEM dashboard trim and upgrades a number of companies offer domed polyurethane  or vinyl applique dash trim accent kits or "dash kits".

Manufacturers such as [[BMW]], [[Honda]], [[Toyota]] and [[Mercedes-Benz]] have included fuel-economy gauges in some instrument clusters, showing fuel mileage in real time, which was limited mainly to luxury vehicles and later, hybrids. Following a focus on increasing fuel economy in the late 2000s along with increased technology, most vehicles in the 2010s now come with either real-time or average mileage readouts on their dashboards.  The [[ammeter]] was the gauge of choice for monitoring the state of the charging system until the 1970s. Later it was replaced by the [[voltmeter]]. Today most family vehicles have warning lights instead of voltmeters or oil pressure gauges in their dashboard instrument clusters, though sports cars often have proper gauges for performance purposes and driver appeasement along with larger trucks, mainly to monitor system function during heavy usage such as towing or off-road usage.

==Electronic instrument cluster==
{{Redirect|Digital dash|the business tool|Digital dashboard (disambiguation){{!}}Dashboard (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Audi TT 2014 (13558812864).jpg|thumb|[[Multi Media Interface]]-Menu on Audi virtual cockpit, [[Audi TT Mk3]]]]
[[File:S-Klasse S63 AMG (11211022494).jpg|thumb|upright|High resolution digital dashboard in [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)]] S63 AMG]]
[[File:CivicFDConsole.jpg|thumb|upright|Digital speedometer in [[Honda Civic (eighth generation)|Honda Civic, 8th generation]]]]
In an automobile, an '''electronic instrument cluster''', '''digital instrument panel''' or ''digital dash'' for short, is a set of instrumentation, including the [[speedometer]], that is displayed with a [[Electronic visual display|digital readout]] rather than with the traditional [[analog signal|analog]] gauges. Many refer to it either simply as a ''digital speedometer'' or a ''digital instrument cluster.''

===History===
[[File:Digital dash.jpg|thumb|left|Digital instrument cluster from a 1984 [[Dodge 600]]]]
The first application of an electronic instrument cluster, in a production automobile, was in the 1976 [[Aston Martin Lagonda]]. The first American manufacturer application was the 1978 [[Cadillac Seville]] with available Cadillac Trip Computer. In the United States they were an option in many [[motor vehicle]]s manufactured in the 1980s and 1990s, and were standard on some luxury vehicles at times, including some models made by [[Cadillac]], [[Chrysler]] and [[Lincoln (automobile)|Lincoln]]. They included not only a speedometer with a digital readout, but also a [[trip computer]] that displayed factors like the outdoor temperature, travel direction, [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]] and distance to empty ('''DTE'''). In 1983, the [[Renault 9 & 11|Renault 11 Electronic]] was the first European hatchback to have a digital dashboard.<ref name="carsfromitaly.net">{{Cite web|url=http://www.carsfromitaly.net/fiat/index.html|title=Fiat Tipo|access-date=2009-12-25|work=carsfromitaly.net}}</ref> Many vehicles made today have an analog speedometer paired with the latter in digital form.  In the late 1980s into the early 1990s, General Motors had touch-screen CRTs with features such as date books and hands-free cell phone integration built into cars such as the [[Oldsmobile Toronado]], [[Buick Riviera]] and [[Buick Reatta]].

===Advantages and drawbacks ===
When accelerating, digital speedometers generally step through a freeze frame of [[Natural number|whole numbers]] at a constant [[sample rate]]. It is as precise as the number displaced, whereas a gauged speedometer pointer could sweep through an infinite range between its major markings at 10&nbsp;mph or 20&nbsp;km/h intervals. The latter provides a sense of continuous acceleration albeit with less [[significant figures|precision]]: a gauge reading could only be estimated to the pointer's nearest halfway point between the markings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS_2UGJVA2EC&q=%22digital+speedometer%22&pg=PA311 |title=Refrigeration & air conditioning ... – Google Books |date= October 2004|isbn=1401837654 |access-date=2009-12-08|last1=Whitman |first1=William C. |last2=Johnson |first2=William M. |last3=Tomczyk |first3=John |publisher=Thomson Delmar Learning }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkIaGZ0HWcMC&q=%22digital+speedometer%22&pg=PA28 |title=The compact disc handbook – Google Books |date= January 1989|isbn=9780895792280 |access-date=2009-12-08|last1=Pohlmann |first1=Ken C. |publisher=A-R Editions }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9ycDAAAAMBAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9ycDAAAAMBAJ/page/n97 96] |quote=digital speedometer. |title=Popular Science |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=March 1931 |publisher=Bonnier Corporation |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>

The first digital instrument clusters were considered to be unpopular during the years when they were widely produced, and were heavily criticized by reviewers in automotive magazines. Some of the criticism they received was as follows:
*They were hard to see in the strong sunlight or other bright light
*They took away the sense of continuous acceleration that is provided by an analog speedometer.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2XH3A-n2cEC&q=%22digital+speedometer%22&pg=PA176 |title=Information technology for energy ... – Google Books |isbn=9780881734508 |access-date=2009-12-08|last1=Capehart |first1=Barney L. |year=2004 |publisher=Fairmont Press }}</ref> 
*They were expensive to repair in the event of a malfunction

As a result of these issues, digital instrument panels were phased out of vehicles throughout the 1990s, and have been replaced with traditional analog gauges in most vehicles (with notable exceptions from French manufacturers [[Renault]] and [[Citroën]]), including those from luxury divisions. However, many vehicles are made today with a standard or optional trip computer located independently from the speedometer.

Digital units received information from a variety of sensors installed throughout the engine and transmission, while traditional analog units were attached to a cable that provided information from the transmission. Modern analog displays receive information in the same manner as the digital units, with very few manufacturers still using the speedometer cable method.

{{original research section|date=April 2017}}
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 | image1    = Lexus LFA speedometer 01.jpg
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 | caption1  = LCD Tachometer and digital speedometer on [[Lexus LFA]].
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 | caption2  = LCD Tachometer Settings
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In the 2000s, digital speedometers were produced in some [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid vehicles]], including the [[Toyota Prius]] and [[Honda Insight]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com/prius/interior.html |title=3rd Generation Toyota Prius – 2010 Pictures and Photo Gallery |publisher=Toyota.com |access-date=2009-12-08 |archive-date=2008-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829195044/http://www.toyota.com/prius/interior.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Most digital speedometers have had green numbers displayed on a dark green or black background.  The [[Honda Civic (eighth generation)|8th]] and [[Honda Civic (ninth generation)|9th]] generation [[Honda Civic]] have a "two-tier" instrument panel. The upper digital dashboard with white numbers against a blue screen (the latter of which changes to green according to driving habits), digital fuel and temperature gauges.  The lower dashboard has an analog tachometer and digital odometer. The 10th and present generation saw the two-tier design replaced with a single instrument panel, which in higher tiers is a fully digital and partially customizable design.<ref name="CivicNewGauge">{{cite web|last1=Hellwig|first1=Ed|title=2016 Honda Civic: Unique Gauge Cluster Works Well|url=https://www.edmunds.com/honda/civic/2016/long-term-road-test/2016-honda-civic-unique-gauge-cluster-works-well.html|website=Edmunds|access-date=April 24, 2017|date=March 9, 2016}}</ref>

Since the mid-2010s and early 2020s, fully customizable digital instrument clusters have become popular. The modern implementation allows the driver to choose which information to project where and how in the instrument cluster, such as navigation aid, connected phone information and blind spot camera view.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/technology/a1691036/should-you-get-virtual-cockpit-your-next-audi-or-volkswagen/|title = Audi Virtual Cockpit: What is It and do You Want It?|date = 13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-news/tech/hyundai-blind-spot-view-monitor-does-it-work/|title = Hyundai's Blindspot View Monitor: Does it work?}}</ref> The customization can also reduce distraction for the driver and allow the manufacturer to use the same hardware in different models while retaining differentiation between models.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cecas.clemson.edu/cvel/auto/systems/instrument_cluster.html|title = Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Instrument Clusters}}</ref>

[[Automotive head-up display]]s have seen applications in several cars, augmenting analog gauges with a digital readout on the windshield glass.

==== LCDs ====
Vehicle instruments have been augmented by software-powered display panels conveying information on display panels. Digital instruments present data in the form of numeric parameters, textual messages, or graphical gauges. Unlike the electro-mechanical instrument clusters of the past, these interactive displays are much more versatile and flexible.

Many modern motorcycles are now equipped with digital speedometers, most often these are sports bikes.

Toyota is using electronic instruments for showing the cars parameters for its Yaris/Vitz model, the car employs a [[vacuum fluorescent display]] to indicate the speed, RPM, fuel level, odometer, etc.

For the 2011 model year, Chrysler began using a common dashboard across their model line that has an integrated trip computer in addition to the analog gauges.  This trip computer can also be used to show a digital speedometer, making these hybrid digital-analog dashboards. the speedometer needle to be too wide, they are relying on the digital speedometer more than the analog gauge.

The French manufacturer [[Citroën]], is using digital indicators as speedometer for many models in its range, including the [[Citroën C2|C2]], [[Citroën C3|C3]], [[Citroën C4|C4]] and [[Citroën C6|C6]].

;High resolution displays
The [[Lamborghini Reventón|2007 Lamborghini Reventon]] introduced one of the first high resolution LCD displays used on a production vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Bryan |date=2019-10-24 |title=15 of the Greatest Automotive Instrument Clusters of All Time |url=http://gearpatrol.com/cars/a424228/15-greatest-automotive-instrument-clusters-of-all-time/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Gear Patrol |language=en-US}}</ref> A trend setter that would be taken seriously by mainstream manufacturers on years to come and become a selling point of consideration during the next following decade.

The 2009 Lexus LFA was one of the first cars to use a modern LCD screen. Lexus claimed a digital speedometer was required since an analogue tachometer wouldn't be able to keep up with the rev changes of the car's engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gearpatrol.com/cars/a424228/15-greatest-automotive-instrument-clusters-of-all-time/|title = 15 of the Greatest Automotive Instrument Clusters of All Time|date = 24 October 2019}}</ref> This statement however was mainly marketing-driven; there is no technical reason why an analog needle would not keep up with the (far heavier) engine itself.{{Original research inline|date=March 2021}}

The [[Range Rover (L322)|third generation Range Rover (L322)]] also introduced the first use and largest TFT LCD displays used on a production luxury SUV for the facelifted 2010, and end of the cycle model.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-08 |title=2010 Range Rover Gets World's Largest TFT Display |url=https://jalopnik.com/2010-range-rover-gets-world-s-largest-tft-display-5203657 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Jalopnik |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-25 |title=An idiosyncratic review of the 2011 Range Rover Autobiography – Intro & Part 1: TFT-LCD Instrument Cluster #rangerover |url=https://www.ovalnews.com/2011/02/an-idiosyncratic-review-of-the-2011-range-rover-autobiography-intro-part-1-tft-lcd-instrument-cluster-rangerover.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=OVALNEWS.com – Always fanatical; Occasionally interesting Land Rover & Range Rover News |language=en-US}}</ref> A trend setter that would follow further adaptation from other manufacturers.

In 2014, Audi launched<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibbs|first1=Samuel|title=Audi builds hi-tech 'virtual cockpit' into the new TT|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/29/audi-builds-hi-tech-virtual-cockpit-into-the-new-tt|access-date=22 December 2015|work=The Guardian|date=29 March 2014}}</ref> its '[[Audi Virtual Cockpit|virtual cockpit]]' on [[Audi TT]], and has later introduced it to several other models. The technology has been developed<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Sarbjeet|title=Audi pushing more virtual cockpit clusters with Rightware for next-generation A3, A4, Q7, others|url=https://technology.ihs.com/550380/audi-collaborates-with-rightware-to-develop-virtual-cockpit-for-next-generation-a3|access-date=22 December 2015|publisher=IHS Technology|date=14 October 2015}}</ref> together with the Finnish company Rightware, using its Kanzi software suite.

=== Railway applications ===
Electronic instrument clusters are being increasingly common features on [[railway vehicle]]s, in which individual instruments are replaced by various forms of digital readouts. Early uses of instrument clusters often employed LEDs to display analog-type or numeric readings for [[pressure gauge]]s, [[electricity meter|electrical gauges]], and other displays. They have been increasingly integrated with various [[cab signalling]] systems and together with the installation of [[multi-function display]]s, have simplified the [[cab (locomotive)|cab layout]] and improved [[Human-Computer Interaction|user interaction]] with the [[Engineer (railroad)|engineer]].<ref name="RRCabDisplay">{{cite web|author1=Federal Railroad Administration|title=Information in Cab Displays for High-Speed Locomotives|url=https://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/1292|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=March 18, 2017|language=EN|format=PDF|date=July 2005|archive-date=March 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320051938/https://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/1292|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<gallery>
TGVFigueres.JPG|France: Full view of the cab controls in an [[SNCF]] [[TGV Duplex]] set.
ICE 407.2.jpg|Germany: Various electronic displays in the cab of a [[DB Class 407]] for [[Intercity-Express|ICE high-speed lines]].
JRE-E531-cab.jpg|Japan: Digital instrument cluster in the cockpit of a [[JR East]] [[E531 series]].
ЭС1 Кабина машиниста 2.jpg|Russia: Engineer at the controls of a [[Lastochka]] train from the [[Siemens Desiro]] family.
IC2000 Fuehrerstand.JPG|Switzerland: Interior of an [[IC 2000]] for the [[Swiss Federal Railways]].
ExCeL Centre MMB 35 Thameslink Desiro City Mockup.jpg|United Kingdom: Mockup of the [[British Rail Class 700]] cab for [[Thameslink and Great Northern|Thameslink]].
MTA Metro North M8 Control Cab.jpg|United States: Control stand in an [[M8 (railcar)|M8 railcar]] operated by [[Metro-North]].
ETCS driver machine interface.svg|The driving machine interface used by [[European Train Control System|ETCS]] and [[European Rail Traffic Management System|ERTMS]].
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* [[Air core gauge]]
* [[Binnacle]]
* [[Car audio]]
* [[Carputer]]
* [[Control panel (engineering)|Control panel]]
* [[Control stand]]
* [[Dashcam]]
* [[Data and information visualization]]
* [[Flight instruments]]
* [[Glass cockpit]]
* [[GM Instrument Cluster Settlement]]
* [[Head unit]]
* [[Head-up display]]
* [[In car entertainment]]
* [[List of auto parts]]
* [[Saab Information Display]]
* [[Telematics]]
* [[Vehicular communication systems]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Dashboards}}
* {{Wiktionary inline|dash}}

{{Car-interior}}

[[Category:Auto parts]]
[[Category:Dashboard head units]]
[[Category:Horse-drawn vehicle parts]]