Editing Dave Winer

{{Short description|American software developer, entrepreneur and writer (born 1955)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dave Winer
| image = David Winer by Joi Ito.jpg
| caption = Dave Winer circa 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|5|2}}
| birth_place = [[Queens]], New York City, U.S.
| known_for = {{Flatlist|
* [[Outliner]]s
* Blogging
* [[RSS]]
* [[Podcast]]ing
}}
| education  = [[Bronx High School of Science]]
| alma_mater = [[Tulane University]] <small>([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])</small><br>[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] <small>([[Master of Science|MS]])</small>
| module = {{Listen
| embed = yes
| filename    = Dave Winer voice.ogg
| title       = Dave Winer's voice
| type = speech
| description = recorded October 2012 
}}
}}

'''Dave Winer''' (born May 2, 1955, in [[Queens]], New York City)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dave Winer on The Open Web, Blogging, Podcasting and More |language=en-US |work=Internet History Podcast |url=http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2017/10/dave-winer-on-the-open-web-blogging-podcasting-and-more/ |access-date=October 30, 2017}}</ref> is an American software developer, entrepreneur, and writer who resides in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=June 20, 2010 |title=Getting back to New York |url=http://scripting.com/stories/2010/06/20/gettingBackToNewYork.html |access-date=June 30, 2010 |website=Scripting News}}{{Self-published source|date=March 2016}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=March 2016}} Winer is noted for his contributions to [[outliner]]s, [[scripting language|scripting]], [[content management]], and [[web service]]s, as well as blogging and [[podcast]]ing. He is the founder of the software companies [[Living Videotext]], [[Userland Software]] and Small Picture Inc., a former contributing editor for the Web magazine [[HotWired]], the author of the ''Scripting News''<ref name="scriptingnews">{{Cite web |last=Winer, Dave |title=Scripting News |url=http://scripting.com/ |website=Scripting.com}}</ref> [[blog|weblog]], a former research fellow at [[Harvard Law School]], and current visiting scholar at [[New York University]]'s Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute.

==Early life and education==
{{third-party|section|date=March 2016}}
Winer was born on May 2, 1955, in [[Queens]], New York City, the son of Eve Winer, PhD, a school psychologist, and Leon Winer, PhD, a former professor of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winer |first=Leon |date=April 1966 |title=A Profit-oriented Decision System |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002224296603000209 |journal=Journal of Marketing |language=en |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=38–44 |doi=10.1177/002224296603000209 |issn=0022-2429|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Winer is also the grandnephew of German novelist [[Arno Schmidt]] and a relative of [[Hedy Lamarr]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=December 27, 1994 |title=Spindler Speaks! |url=http://www.scripting.com/davenet/1994/12/27/spindlerspeaks.html |access-date=June 10, 2009 |website=DaveNet}}{{Self-published source|date=March 2016}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=March 2016}} He graduated from the [[Bronx High School of Science]] in 1972. Winer received a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] in Mathematics from [[Tulane University]] in [[New Orleans]] in 1976.<ref name="almost-famous" />  In 1978 he received an MS in [[Computer Science]] from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vashishtha |first=Yashica |date=2018-12-14 |title=Dave Winer : American Software Developer & the Fore-father of Blogging |url=https://www.yourtechstory.com/2018/12/14/dave-winer-american-software-developer-fore-father-blogging/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Your Tech Story |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dave Winer: How can universities educate journo-programmers? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/01/dave-winer-how-can-universities-educate-journo-programmers/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early work in outliners===
In 1979 Dave Winer became an employee of [[Personal Software]], where he worked on his own product idea named VisiText, which was his first attempt to build a commercial product around an "expand and collapse" outline display<ref name="apple-bluff">{{Cite news |last=Swaine |first=Michael |date=September 1, 1991 |title=Calling Apple's Bluff |work=Dr. Dobb's |url=http://www.ddj.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=184408623 |access-date=June 8, 2009}}</ref> and which ultimately established [[outliner]]s as a software product. In 1981 he left the company and founded [[Living Videotext]] to develop this still-unfinished product. The company was based in [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]], [[California|CA]], and grew to more than 50 employees.<ref name=apple-bluff />

ThinkTank, which was based on VisiText, was released in 1983 for [[Apple II]] and was promoted as an "idea processor."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sandberg-Diment |first=Erik |date=May 17, 1983 |title='First idea processor' |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/17/science/personal-computers-software-first-idea-processor.html?&pagewanted=all |access-date=May 10, 2009}}</ref> It became the "first popular outline processor, the one that made the term generic."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sandberg-Diment |first=Erik |date=April 1, 1986 |title=New Software for making note scribbling easier |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/01/science/personal-computers-new-software-for-making-note-scribbling-easier.html?&pagewanted=print |access-date=June 4, 2009}}</ref> A ThinkTank release for the [[IBM]] [[Personal computer|PC]] followed in 1984, as well as releases for the [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] 128K and 512K.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartimo |first=Jim |date=February 25, 1985 |title=Macintosh: Success and disappointment |journal=InfoWorld |volume=7 |issue=8 |page=32}}</ref>  Ready, a [[RAM resident]] outliner for the [[IBM]] [[Personal computer|PC]] released in 1985, was commercially successful but soon succumbed to the competing [[Borland Sidekick|Sidekick]] product by [[Borland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=April 12, 1995 |title=Get up, and do it again |url=http://davenet.scripting.com/1995/04/12/getupanddoitagain.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707233105/http://davenet.scripting.com/1995/04/12/getupanddoitagain.html |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=June 8, 2009 |website=DaveNet}}</ref>  [[MORE (application)|MORE]], released for Apple's Macintosh in 1986, combined an [[outliner]] and a [[presentation program]]. It became "uncontested in the marketplace"<ref name="outliners-and-programming">{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |year=1988 |title=Outliners & Programming |url=http://davewiner.userland.com/outlinersProgramming |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512022120/http://davewiner.userland.com/outlinersProgramming |archive-date=May 12, 2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |website=Userland}}</ref> and won the [[MacUser (US edition)|MacUser]]'s Editor's Choice Award for "Best Product" in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1986 |title=Eddy Awards 1986 |url=http://macuser.zdnet.com/eddy96/history/eddy1986.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010214031321/http://macuser.zdnet.com/eddy96/history/eddy1986.html |archive-date=February 14, 2001 |access-date=May 19, 2009 |website=MacUser}}</ref>

In 1987, at the height of the company's success, Winer sold [[Living Videotext]] to [[NortonLifeLock|Symantec]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dyson |first=Esther |date=July 9, 1987 |title=Critical Mass |work=Release 1.0 |url=http://downloads.oreilly.com/radar/r1/07-87.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721175547/http://downloads.oreilly.com/radar/r1/07-87.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=live |access-date=June 8, 2009}}</ref> for an undisclosed but substantial transfer of stock<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 9, 1987 |title=Software Units Plan to Merge |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/09/business/company-news-software-units-plan-to-merge.html?pagewanted=print |access-date=June 4, 2009}}</ref> that "made his fortune."<ref name="borsook">{{Cite journal |last=Borsook |first=Paulina |author-link=Paulina Borsook |date=November 1996 |title=Keeping the faith |journal=Upside |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=102–108 |issn=1052-0341}}</ref> Winer continued to work at Symantec's Living Videotext division, but after six months he left the company in pursuit of other challenges.<ref name=apple-bluff/>

===Years at UserLand===
{{main|UserLand Software}}

Winer founded [[UserLand Software]] in 1988<ref name=outliners-and-programming /> and served as the company's CEO until 2002.

UserLand's original flagship product, [[Userland Software#Frontier|Frontier]], was a system-level [[scripting language|scripting]] environment for the [[Mac (computer)|Mac]].  Winer's pioneering weblog, ''Scripting News'', takes its name from this early interest. Frontier was an outliner-based scripting language, echoing Winer's longstanding interest in outliners and anticipating code-folding editors of the late 1990s.
Winer became interested in web publishing while helping automate the production process of the strikers' online newspaper during San Francisco's [[San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994|newspaper strike]] of November 1994,<ref name="rosenbergEverything">{{Cite book |last=Rosenberg |first=Scott |title=Say Everything: How Blogging Began, What It's Becoming, and Why It Matters |date=June 16, 2009 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-307-45138-5 |edition=eBook |location=New York, NY, USA |chapter=The unedited voice of a person: '''Dave Winer'''}}</ref>{{rp|50}} According to [[Newsweek]], through this experience, he "revolutionized Net publishing."<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 27, 1995 |title=50 For The Future |work=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/106555/output/print |url-status=dead |access-date=May 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905114914/http://www.newsweek.com/id/106555/output/print |archive-date=September 5, 2012}}</ref> Winer subsequently shifted the company's focus to online publishing products, enthusiastically promoting and experimenting with these products while building his websites and developing new features. One of these products was [[Userland Software#Frontier|Frontier]]'s NewsPage Suite of 1997, which supported the publication of Winer's ''Scripting News'' and was adopted by a handful of users who "began playing around with their own sites in the Scripting News vein."<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|59}} These users included notably [[Chris Gulker]] and [[Jorn Barger]], who envisaged blogging as a [[social networking service|networked]] practice among users of the software.<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Ammann |first=Rudolf |year=2009 |title=Jorn Barger, the NewsPage network and the emergence of the weblog community |url=http://tawawa.org/ark/p/jorn-barger-community.html |location=Torino, Italy |publisher=ACM |pages=279–288 |doi=10.1145/1557914.1557962 |isbn=978-1-60558-486-7 |access-date=July 15, 2009 |book-title=Proceedings of the 20th ACM conference on hypertext and hypermedia|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Winer was named a Seybold Fellow in 1997, to assist the executives and editors that comprised the Seybold Institute in ensuring "the highest quality and topicality" in their educational program, the [[Seybold Seminars]]; the honor was bestowed for his "pioneering work in web-based publishing systems."<ref>{{Cite web |year=1997 |title=The Seybold Institute, Seybold Fellows: Dave Winer |url=http://www.seyboldseminars.com/News/fellows.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971018032643/http://www.seyboldseminars.com/News/fellows.html |archive-date=October 18, 1997 |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> Keen to enter the "competitive arena of high-end Web development,"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morgenstern |first=David |date=June 26, 1998 |title=Frontier blazing Internet trail |url=https://macweek.zdnet.com/1224-0627/nw_frontier.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001003104131/http://macweek.zdnet.com/1224-0627/nw_frontier.html |archive-date=October 3, 2000 |access-date=May 31, 2010 |journal=MacWeek}}</ref> Winer then came to collaborate with [[Microsoft]] and jointly developed the [[XML-RPC]] protocol. This led to the creation of [[Simple Object Access Protocol|SOAP]], which he co-authored with [[Microsoft]]'s [[Don Box]], Bob Atkinson, and Mohsen Al-Ghosein.

In December 1997, acting on the desire to "offer much more timely information,"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillmor |first=Dan |date=December 6, 1998 |title=Small portals prove that size matters |work=San Jose Mercury News |url=http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~soumen/focus/DanGillmor19981206.htm |access-date=July 20, 2010}}</ref> Winer designed and implemented an [[XML]] syndication format for use on his ''Scripting News'' weblog,<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Reilly |first=Tim |date=September 30, 2005 |title=Blogging and the Wisdom of Crowds |publisher=O'Reilly and Associates |url=http://tim.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=3 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518113913/http://tim.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=3 |archive-date=May 18, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=December 15, 1997 |title=Scripting News in XML |url=http://www.scripting.com/davenet/1997/12/15/scriptingNewsInXML.html |access-date=October 31, 2006 |publisher=[[Scripting News]]}}</ref> thus making an early contribution to the [[history of web syndication technology]]. By December 2000, competing dialects of [[RSS]] included several varieties of [[Netscape]]'s RSS, Winer's RSS 0.92, and an [[Resource Description Framework|RDF]]-based RSS 1.0. Winer continued to develop the branch of the RSS fork originating from RSS 0.92, releasing in 2002 a version called RSS 2.0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSS 2.0 specification |url=http://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=w3.org}}</ref> Winer's advocacy of web syndication in general and RSS 2.0 in particular convinced many news organizations to syndicate their news content in that format.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanes |first=Margaret |date=March 20, 2003 |title=Old data update tool gains new converts |publisher=CNET News |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1032-993344.html |access-date=January 26, 2007}}</ref> For example, in early 2002 ''[[The New York Times]]'' entered an agreement with UserLand to syndicate many of their articles in RSS 2.0 format.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 20, 2004 |title=NYTimes.com Expands Its RSS Feeds to 27 Categories |work=The New York Times(press release) |url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=105317&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=593901 |access-date=January 26, 2007}}</ref> Winer resisted calls by technologists to have the shortcomings of RSS 2.0 improved. Instead, he froze the format and turned its ownership over to [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Festa |first=Paul |date=August 4, 2003 |title=Dispute exposes bitter power struggle behind Web logs |work=CNET News |url=http://news.cnet.com/Battle-of-the-blog/2009-1032_3-5059006.html}}</ref>

With products and services based on UserLand's [[Userland Software#Frontier|Frontier]] system, Winer became a leader in blogging tools from 1999 onward,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gillmor |first=Dan |title=We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People |year=2004 |chapter=The Read-Write Web |access-date=May 31, 2010 |chapter-url=http://authorama.com/we-the-media-3.html}}</ref> as well as a "leading evangelist of weblogs."<ref name="almost-famous" />  In 2000 Winer developed the Outline Processor Markup Language [[OPML]], an [[XML]] format for [[Outline (summary)|outlines]], which originally served as the native file format for [[Radio UserLand]]'s [[outliner]] application and has since been adopted for other uses, the most common being to exchange lists of [[web feeds]] between web [[feed aggregator]]s. UserLand was the first to add an "enclosure" tag in its RSS, modifying its blog software and its aggregator so that bloggers could easily link to an audio file (see  [[podcast]]ing and [[history of podcasting]]).

In February 2002 Winer was named one of the "Top Ten Technology Innovators" by [[InfoWorld]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udell |first=Jon |date=February 27, 2002 |title=Top ten technology innovators: Dave Winer |url=http://www.infoworld.com/articles/fe/xml/02/03/04/020304fewiner.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104022339/http://www.infoworld.com/articles/fe/xml/02/03/04/020304fewiner.html |archive-date=November 4, 2004 |access-date=May 13, 2009 |website=Infoworld}}</ref>

In June 2002 Winer underwent life-saving [[coronary artery bypass surgery|bypass surgery]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillmor |first=Steve |date=January 3, 2003 |title=And the winner is ... |work=InfoWorld |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2682495/operating-systems/and-the-winner-is----.html |access-date=May 2, 2012}}</ref> to prevent a heart attack and as a consequence stepped down as CEO of [[UserLand Software|UserLand]] shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=March 12, 2007 |title=An untold story of UserLand |url=http://www.scripting.com/stories/2007/03/12/anUntoldStoryOfUserland.html |access-date=August 8, 2008 |website=Scripting News}}</ref> He remained the firm's majority shareholder, however, and claimed personal ownership of [[Weblogs.com]].

===Writer===
As "one of the most prolific content generators in Web history,"<ref name="almost-famous">{{Cite magazine |last=Cone |first=Edward |date=May 2001 |title=Almost Famous |volume=9 |magazine=Wired |issue=5 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.05/winer_pr.html |access-date=May 13, 2009}}</ref> Winer has enjoyed a long career as a writer and has come to be counted among [[Silicon Valley]]'s "most influential web voices."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=K. C. |date=July 31, 2008 |title=NowPublic Lists Silicon Valley's Most Influential Web Voices |work=Information Week |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/social_network/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=209901042 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809221654/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/social_network/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=209901042 |archive-date=August 9, 2008}}</ref>

Winer started ''DaveNet'',<ref name="davenet">{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |title=DaveNet |url=http://scripting.com/davenet |website=Scripting.com}}</ref> "a stream-of-consciousness newsletter distributed by e-mail"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=April 9, 2001 |title=An Internet Critic Who Is Not Shy About Ruffling the Big Names in High Technology |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/09/business/internet-critic-who-not-shy-about-ruffling-big-names-high-technology.html?sec=technology&&n=Top/News/Business/Companies/Microsoft%20Corporation&pagewanted=all |access-date=May 9, 2009}}</ref> in November 1994<ref name="lappin">{{Cite magazine |last=Lappin |first=Todd |date=May 1995 |title=Davenet |volume=3 |magazine=Wired |issue=5 |url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/3.05/scans.html?pg=2 |access-date=November 18, 2014}}</ref> and maintained Web archives of the "goofy and informative"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nolan |first=Chris |date=October 13, 1997 |title=Talk is Cheap |work=San Jose Mercury News |location=San Jose}}</ref> 800-word essays since January 1995,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=January 2, 1995 |title=What is an Agent? |url=http://www.scripting.com/davenet/1995/01/02/whatisanagent.html |access-date=February 21, 2011 |website=DaveNet}}</ref> which earned him a [[Cool Site of the Day]] award in March 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1995 |title=Still Cool Archive |url=http://www.coolsiteoftheday.com/cgi-bin/stillcool.pl?month=03&year=1995 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208234834/http://www.coolsiteoftheday.com/cgi-bin/stillcool.pl?month=03&year=1995 |archive-date=December 8, 2010 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |website=Cool Site of the Day}}</ref> From the start, the "Internet newsletter"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Einstein |first=David |date=August 29, 1995 |title=Wozniak chastises his Apple: Biggest blunder was not sharing its OS |edition=Final |pages=B1 |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |location=San Francisco}}</ref> ''DaveNet'' was widely read among industry leaders and analysts,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Michalski |first=Jerry |date=June 23, 1995 |title=What's a zine? |volume=13 |pages=1–24 |work=Release 1.0 |issue=6}}</ref> who experienced it as a "real community."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brockman |first=John |url=http://www.edge.org/documents/digerati/Winer.html |title=Digerati: Encounters with the Cyber Elite |year=1996 |chapter=The Lover |access-date=May 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804075316/http://www.edge.org/documents/digerati/Winer.html |archive-date=August 4, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dissatisfied with the quality of the coverage that the [[Classic Mac OS|Mac]] and, especially, his own [[UserLand Software#Frontier|Frontier]] software received in the trade press, Winer saw ''DaveNet'' as an opportunity to "bypass"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gillmor |first=Dan |title=We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People |year=2004 |chapter=From Tom Paine to Blogs and Beyond |access-date=May 13, 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.authorama.com/we-the-media-2.html}}</ref> the conventional news channels of the software business. Satisfied with his success, he "reveled in the new direct email line he had established with his colleagues and peers, and in his ability to circumvent the media."<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|50}} In the early years, Winer often used ''DaveNet'' to vent his grievances against [[Apple Inc|Apple]]'s management, and as a consequence of his strident criticism came to be seen as "the most notorious of the disgruntled Apple developers."<ref name="borsook" /> Redacted ''DaveNet'' columns were published weekly by the web magazine ''[[HotWired]]'' between June 1995 and May 1996.<ref name=almost-famous /> ''DaveNet'' was discontinued in 2004.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

Winer's ''Scripting News'',<ref name=scriptingnews /> described as "one of the [web's] oldest blogs,"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=David F. |date=June 10, 2002 |title=A rift among bloggers |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/10/business/technology-a-rift-among-bloggers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |access-date=January 22, 2011}}</ref> launched in February 1997<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|59}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ammann |first=Rudolf |date=March 27, 2010 |title=Scripting News: Launched on 1 February 1997 |url=http://tawawa.org/ark/2010/3/27/scripting-news-launched-1-feb-1997.html |access-date=February 2, 2011 |website=Tawawa}}</ref> and earned him titles such as "protoblogger"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Dan |date=December 2, 2006 |title=A Bubble Watcher Watches Google |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/02/business/02online.html?_r=1&en=c1da3b954033449c&ex=1322715600&pagewanted=print |access-date=May 10, 2009}}</ref> and "forefather of blogging."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbertson |first=Scott |date=February 3, 2011 |title=A DIY Data Manifesto |url=http://www.webmonkey.com/2011/02/take-back-the-tubes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317220420/http://www.webmonkey.com/2011/02/take-back-the-tubes/ |archive-date=March 17, 2011 |access-date=March 5, 2011 |website=Webmonkey}}</ref> ''Scripting News'' started as "a home for links, offhand observations, and ephemera"<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|59}} and allowed Winer to mix "his roles as a widely read pundit and an ambitious entrepreneur."<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|50}} Offering an "as-it-happened portrait of the work of writing software for the Web in the 1990s,"<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|59}} the site became an "established must-read for industry insiders."<ref name=almost-famous /> ''Scripting News'' continues to be updated regularly.

===Visiting scholar positions===
Winer spent one year as a resident fellow at the [[Harvard Law School]]'s [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]], where he worked on using weblogs in education.<ref name="festa">{{Cite journal |last=Festa |first=Paul |date=August 16, 2004 |title=Tech Industry: Blogging comes to Harvard |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/blogging-comes-to-harvard/ |website=cnet.com |access-date=March 17, 2016 |quote=[Subtitle:] Blogging veteran Dave Winer on teaching the art of the blog to one of America's top universities, and how he thinks the new technology will reshape the future of journalism.}}</ref> While there, he launched ''Weblogs at Harvard Law School''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weblogs at Harvard Law School |url=http://blogs.law.harvard.edu |website=Harvard University}}</ref> using UserLand software,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lin |first=Sam J. |date=February 28, 2003 |title='Blog' expert hopes to bring trend to Harvard |work=Harvard Crimson |location=Cambridge, Mass.}}</ref> and held the first [[BloggerCon]] conferences.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kramer |first=Staci D |date=November 19, 2004 |title=Two Cities, Two Gatherings for Two Kinds of Content Creators |work=Online Journalism Review |url=http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/041119kramer |url-status=dead |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208022333/http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/041119kramer/ |archive-date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> Winer's fellowship ended in June 2004.

In 2010 Winer was appointed visiting scholar at [[New York University]]'s Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosen |first=Jay |date=January 14, 2010 |title=Dave Winer, Welcome to NYU |work=Rebooting the News |url=http://rebootnews.com/2010/01/14/dave-winer-welcome-to-nyu-visiting-scholar-technical-adviser/ |url-status=dead |access-date=January 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220024318/http://rebootnews.com/2010/01/14/dave-winer-welcome-to-nyu-visiting-scholar-technical-adviser/ |archive-date=December 20, 2010}}</ref>

===Return to outliners===
On December 19, 2012,<ref name="smallpicture.com">{{Cite web |title=What is Fargo? |url=http://smallpicture.com/fargoPress.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419014549/http://smallpicture.com/fargoPress.html |archive-date=April 19, 2013 |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=smallpicture.com}}</ref> Winer co-founded Small Picture, Inc. with Kyle Shank;<ref name="FarberCNET_25Mar13">{{Cite journal |last=Farber |first=Dan |date=March 25, 2013 |title=Dave Winer debuts 'classic' Little Outliner |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57576134-93/dave-winer-debuts-classic-little-outliner/ |website=cnet.com |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> Small Picture is a corporation that builds two outlining products, Little Outliner and Fargo. Little Outliner,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Outliner |url=http://littleoutliner.com/ |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=littleoutliner.com |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304014800/http://littleoutliner.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> an entry-level outliner designed to teach new users about outliners,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Outliner press guide |url=http://smallpicture.com/littleOutlinerPressGuide.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328105826/http://smallpicture.com/littleOutlinerPressGuide.html |archive-date=March 28, 2013 |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=smallpicture.com}}</ref> which launched on March 25, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Small Picture, Inc |url=http://smallpicture.com/ |access-date=January 27, 2020 |website=Small Picture, Inc}}</ref> Fargo,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fargo |url=http://Fargo.io/ |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=fargo.io}}</ref> the company's "primary product",<ref name="smallpicture.com" /> launched less than a month later, on April 17, 2013. Fargo is a free browser-based outliner which syncs with a user's Dropbox account.<ref name="Klosowski2013">{{Cite web |first=Thorin |date=April 22, 2013 |title=Fargo Is a Simple Web Based Outliner that Syncs with Dropbox |url=http://lifehacker.com/fargo-is-a-simple-web-based-outliner-that-syncs-with-dr-476821927 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410154837/http://lifehacker.com/fargo-is-a-simple-web-based-outliner-that-syncs-with-dr-476821927 |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |access-date=September 19, 2016 |website=lifehacker.com |publisher=Nick Denton |last=Klosowski}}</ref> Small Picture has stated that in future it may offer paid-for services to Fargo users.<ref name="smallpicture.com" /> Fargo was retired at the end of September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fargo Retirement Page |url=http://fargo.io |access-date=January 19, 2022 |website=fargo.io}}</ref>

==Projects and activities==
===24 Hours of Democracy===
In February 1996, while working as a columnist for [[HotWired]], Winer organized 24 Hours of Democracy, an online protest against the recently passed [[Communications Decency Act]]. As part of the protest, over 1,000 people, among them [[Microsoft]] chairman [[Bill Gates]], posted essays to the Web on the subject of democracy, [[civil liberty]] and [[freedom of speech]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 22, 1996 |title="24 Hours in Democracy" Protests Telecom Act |work=Newsbytes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 26, 1996 |title=Next Step on the Net |pages=A18 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

===Edit This Page===
In December 1999, Winer became the "proprietor of a growing free blog service"<ref name=rosenbergEverything/>{{rp|67}} at EditThisPage.com,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Biz |url=https://archive.org/details/blogging00bizs/page/8 |title=Blogging: Genius Strategies for Instant Web Content |date=September 11, 2002 |publisher=New Riders |isbn=0-7357-1299-9 |edition=1st |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/blogging00bizs/page/8 8] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer, Dave |date=December 8, 1999 |title=EditThisPage.Com |url=http://www.scripting.com/davenet/1999/12/08/editthispagecom.html |access-date=June 10, 2009 |website=DaveNet}}</ref> hosting "approximately 20,000 sites"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=February 13, 2001 |title=How to Make Money on the Internet v2.0 |url=http://www.scripting.com/davenet/2001/02/13/howToMakeMoneyOnTheInterne.html |access-date=June 10, 2009 |website=DaveNet}}</ref> in February 2001. The service closed in December 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitchens |first=Susan A. |date=November 28, 2005 |title=Bye bye, (free) Editthispage! |url=http://www.2020hindsight.org/2005/11/28/bye-bye-free-editthispage/ |access-date=June 10, 2009 |website=20/20 Hindsight}}</ref>

===Podcasting===
{{main|History of podcasting}} 	

Winer has been given "credit for the invention of the podcasting model."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Chen |first=Brian X. |date=August 13, 2004 |title=This Day in Tech - Podfather' Adam Curry Launches Daily Source Code |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/08/dayintech_0813/ |access-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref> Having received user requests for [[Podcast|audioblogging]] features since October 2000, especially from [[Adam Curry]],<ref name="itworld_podcasting">{{Cite news |last=Naze |first=Jodie |date=October 27, 2004 |title=Podcasting: The latest buzz |publisher=ITworld.com |url=http://www.itworld.com/nls_ecommercepodcast041027 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915125916/http://www.itworld.com/nls_ecommercepodcast041027 |archive-date=September 15, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=October 31, 2000 |title=Virtual Bandwidth |url=http://davenet.scripting.com/2000/10/31/virtualBandwidth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711194620/http://davenet.scripting.com/2000/10/31/virtualBandwidth.html |archive-date=July 11, 2012 |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=DaveNet}}</ref> Winer decided to include new functionality in [[RSS]] 0.92<ref>'''Winer, Dave''', December 25, 2000 ''[http://backend.userland.com/rss092 RSS 0.92 Specification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131184230/http://backend.userland.com/rss092 |date=January 31, 2011 }}''</ref> by defining a new element<ref>'''Winer, Dave''', December 27, 2000 ''Scripting News:  [http://www.scripting.com/2000/12/27.html Heads-up, I'm working on new features for RSS that build on 0.91. Calling it 0.92...]''</ref> called "enclosure,"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=January 11, 2001 |title=Payloads for RSS |url=http://www.thetwowayweb.com/payloadsforrss |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717093319/http://www.thetwowayweb.com/payloadsForRss |archive-date=July 17, 2009 |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=The Two-Way Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Udell |first=Jon |date=March 18, 2005 |title=Hypermedia: Why Now? |url=http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2005/03/18/primetime.html |access-date=May 11, 2009 |website=O'Reilly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Farivar |first=Cyrus |date=October 28, 2004 |title=New Food for IPods: Audio by Subscription |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/28/technology/new-food-for-ipods-audio-by-subscription.html |access-date=May 11, 2009}}</ref> which would pass the address of a media file to the RSS aggregator. He demonstrated the RSS enclosure feature on January 11, 2001, by enclosing a [[Grateful Dead]] song in his ''Scripting News'' weblog.<ref>'''Winer, Dave''', January 11, 2001 ''Scripting News:  [http://www.scripting.com/2001/01/11.html Tonight's song on the Grateful Dead audio weblog is Truckin...]''</ref>

Winer's weblogging product, [[Radio Userland]], the program favored by [[Adam Curry|Curry]], had a built-in aggregator and thus provided both the "send" and "receive" components of what was then called [[Podcast|audioblogging]].<ref>Curry, Adam, October 21, 2002 ''UserNum 1014: [http://radio.weblogs.com/0001014/2002/10/21.html#a2427 Cool to hear my own audio-blog...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302043755/http://radio.weblogs.com/0001014/2002/10/21.html#a2427#a2427 |date=March 2, 2009 }}''</ref><ref>Gilchrist, Harold October 27, 2002 ''Audioblog/Mobileblogging News [http://radio.weblogs.com/0100368/2002/10/27.html this morning I'm experimenting with producing an audioblogging show...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302043822/http://radio.weblogs.com/0100368/2002/10/27.html |date=March 2, 2009 }}</ref> In July 2003 Winer challenged other aggregator developers to provide support for enclosures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=July 18, 2003 |title=How to support enclosures in aggregators |url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/enclosuresAggregators.html |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=RSS 2.0 at Harvard Law}}</ref> In October 2003, [[Kevin Marks]] demonstrated a script to download RSS enclosures and pass them to [[iTunes]] for transfer to an [[iPod]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marks |first=Kevin |date=October 4, 2003 |title=Bloggercon live video |url=http://epeus.blogspot.com/2003/10/bloggercon-live-video.html |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=Epeus' epigone}}</ref> Curry then offered an RSS-to-iPod script<ref>{{Cite web |last=Curry |first=Adam |date=October 12, 2003 |title=RSS2iPod |url=http://radio.weblogs.com/0001014/2003/10/12.html#a4604 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222185407/http://radio.weblogs.com/0001014/2003/10/12.html#a4604#a4604 |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=Adam Curry's Weblog}}</ref> that moved [[MP3]] files from [[Radio UserLand]] to [[iTunes]]. The term "podcasting" was suggested by [[Ben Hammersley]] in February 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hammersley |first=Ben |date=February 12, 2004 |title=Audible revolution |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia |access-date=June 12, 2009}}</ref>

Winer also has an occasional podcast, Morning Coffee Notes,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |title=An occasional podcast |url=http://morningcoffeenotes.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707192331/http://www.morningcoffeenotes.com/ |archive-date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=June 12, 2009 |website=Morning Coffee Notes}}</ref> which has featured guests such as [[Doc Searls]], [[Mike Kowalchik]], [[Jason Calacanis]], [[Steve Gillmor]], [[Peter Rojas]], [[Cecile Andrews]], [[Adam Curry]], [[Betsy Devine]] and others.<ref name="nnaelr">{{Cite web |last=Winer |first=Dave |title=Dave Winer's Personal Website: Curriculum Vitae [author-supplied CV] |url=http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/dave/cv |access-date=March 17, 2016 |website=blogs.law.harvard.edu |quote=This site is linked to from my Harvard business card.}}{{Self-published source|date=March 2016}}</ref>

=== BloggerCon ===
{{main|BloggerCon}}
BloggerCon is a user-focused conference for the blogger community. BloggerCon I (October 2003) and II (April 2004), were organized by Dave Winer and friends at Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for the Internet and Society in Cambridge, Mass. BloggerCon III met at [[Stanford Law School]] on November 6, 2004.<ref name=":0" />

===Weblogs.com===
{{main|Weblogs.com}}
Weblogs.com provided a free [[ping-server]] used by many [[weblog|blogging]] applications, as well as free hosting to many bloggers. After leaving [[Userland Software|Userland]], Winer claimed personal ownership of the site, and in mid-June 2004 he shut down its free blog-hosting service, citing lack of resources and personal problems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lord |first=Timothy |date=June 15, 2004 |title=Hosting Service Closes 3000 Blogs Without Notice |url=http://slashdot.org/articles/04/06/15/2354258.shtml?tid=126&tid=95 |access-date=May 11, 2009 |website=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lord |first=Timothy |date=June 17, 2005 |title=Slashback: Munich, Harlan, Alacrity |url=http://developers.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/06/17/2326207&tid=167&tid=108&tid=163 |access-date=May 11, 2009 |website=Slashdot}}</ref> A swift and orderly migration off Winer's server was facilitated by  [[Rogers Cadenhead]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kramer |first=Staci D |date=June 23, 2004 |title=Weblogs.com Rises From the Flames |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/print/culture/lifestyle/news/2004/06/63953 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018120246/https://www.wired.com/print/culture/lifestyle/news/2004/06/63953 |archive-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> whom Winer then hired to port the server to a more stable platform.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Calore |first=Michael |date=March 1, 2007 |title=Best Blogfights of 2006 |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/print/techbiz/it/news/2007/01/72396 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018120346/https://www.wired.com/print/techbiz/it/news/2007/01/72396 |archive-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref>  In October 2005, [[VeriSign]] bought the Weblogs.com [[Ping blog|ping-server]] from Winer and promised that its free services would remain free. The [[podcast]]ing-related web site audio.weblogs.com was also included in the $2.3&nbsp;million deal.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Naraine |first=Ryan |date=October 6, 2005 |title=VeriSign Acquires Dave Winer's Weblogs.com |magazine=[[eWeek]] |url=http://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/verisign-acquires-dave-winers-weblogs-com/ |access-date=May 8, 2009}}</ref>

===Share your OPML===
Winer opened his self-described "commons for sharing outlines, feeds, and taxonomy" in May 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arrington |first=Michael |date=May 7, 2006 |title=Share Your OPML |url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/05/07/share-your-opml/ |access-date=June 8, 2009 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> The site allowed users to publish and syndicate [[blogroll]]s and [[feed aggregator|aggregator]] subscriptions using [[OPML]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bellinger |first=Amy |title=Getting Acquainted with OPML |date=October 17, 2006 |publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc. |isbn=978-0-596-52822-5 |location=Sebastopol, CA |pages=5–7}}</ref> Winer suspended its service in January 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winer, Dave |date=January 23, 2008 |title=Share.opml.org, retired |url=http://www.scripting.com/stories/2008/01/23/shareopmlorgRetired.html |access-date=June 8, 2009 |website=Scripting News}}</ref>

===Rebooting the News===
Since 2009, Winer has collaborated with [[New York University]]'s associate professor of journalism [[Jay Rosen]] on ''Rebooting the News'', a weekly [[podcast]] on technology and innovation in journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Windsor |first=Tim |date=April 20, 2009 |title=Rebooting The News: Dave Winer and Jay Rosen on saving journalism |url=http://www.niemanlab.org/2009/04/rebooting-the-news-dave-winer-and-jay-rosen-talk-about-saving-journalism/ |access-date=January 22, 2011 |website=" Nieman Journalism Lab}}</ref> It was announced on July 1, 2011, that the show would be on break, as NYU itself was, from June to September. However, no new episodes have been released since, making show #94 released on May 23, 2011, the last.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Jay |date=July 1, 2011 |title=We're on summer break for a bit |url=http://rebootnews.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/were-on-summer-break-for-a-bit/ |access-date=December 1, 2012 |website=" Rebooting the News}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite interview |last=Winer |first=Dave |title=The Gillmor Gang: This week's special guest is Dave Winer |url=http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail172.html |access-date=May 11, 2009 |date=July 29, 2004 |interviewer1=Gillmor, Steve |interviewer2=Searls, Doc |interviewer3=Udell, Jon |interviewer4=Gardner, Dana}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Winer |first=Dave |interviewer=Cringely, Robert |title=Dave Winer: Father of RSS and Web Logging |type=Video |url=https://www.pbs.org/cringely/nerdtv/shows/#6 |access-date=May 10, 2009 |date=September 6, 2005}}
* {{Cite news |last=Swaine |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Swaine (technical author) |date=September 1, 1991 |title=Calling Apple's Bluff |work=Dr. Dobb's |url=http://www.ddj.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=184408623 |access-date=May 9, 2009}}
* {{Cite news |last=Useem |first=Jerry |date=October 30, 2000 |title=Dot-Coms: What Have We Learned? Profile: David Winer |volume=142 |work=Fortune |issue=10 |url=http://www.fortune.com/fortune/2000/10/30/dot11.html |access-date=May 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001110013500/http://www.fortune.com/fortune/2000/10/30/dot11.html |archive-date=November 10, 2000}}
* {{Cite interview |last=Winer |first=Dave |interviewer=Amanda Congdon |title=Interview with Dave Winer |type=Video |url=http://www.rocketboom.com/rb_06_apr_20/ |access-date=May 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007180409/http://www.rocketboom.com/rb_06_apr_20/ |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |date=April 20, 2006}}

==External links==
* [http://www.scripting.com/ Scripting News] Dave Winer's weblog
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjHzPuGi5Js&t=1121s The Computer Chronicles - The New Macs (1987)] Dave Winer / Living Videotext Interview about the Apple Macintosh II
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winer, Dave}}
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[[Category:Wired (magazine) people]]
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[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
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