Editing Dedicated short-range communications

{{Short description|Type of wireless communication}}
{{confused|Short-range agent communications}}
{{redirect|DSRC}}
'''Dedicated short-range communications''' ('''DSRC''') is a technology for direct wireless exchange of [[vehicle-to-everything]] (V2X) and other [[Intelligent transportation system|intelligent transportation systems]] (ITS) data between vehicles, other road users (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.), and roadside infrastructure (traffic signals, [[Variable-message sign|electronic message signs]], etc.).<ref>{{cite book | title = Geographic Information Systems for Transportation | author = Harvey J. Miller and Shih-Lung Shaw | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-19-512394-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2XjtJIUG-gMC&q=%22Dedicated+Short+Range+Communications%22&pg=RA1-PA311 }}</ref> DSRC, which can be used for both one- and two-way data exchanges, uses channels in the licensed 5.9 GHz band. DSRC is based on [[IEEE 802.11p]].

==History==
In October 1999, the United States [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) allocated 75&nbsp;MHz of [[Radio spectrum|spectrum]] in the 5.9&nbsp;GHz band for DSRC-based ITS uses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Federal Communications Commission. News Release, October 1999|url=http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/News_Releases/1999/nret9006.html|publisher=FCC|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Service |url=https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/dedicated-short-range-communications-dsrc-service |access-date= |website=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |language=en |ref=fcc-dsrc-primer}}</ref> By 2003, DSRC was used in Europe and Japan for [[electronic toll collection]].<ref>{{cite web |title= DSRC Standards: What's New? |url= http://www.standards.its.dot.gov/Documents/advisories/dsrc_advisory.htm |publisher= US Department of Transportation |work= ITS Standards Advisory number 3 |date= April 2003 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130216162616/http://www.standards.its.dot.gov/Documents/advisories/dsrc_advisory.htm |archive-date= February 16, 2013 |access-date= September 9, 2013 }}</ref> In August 2008, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ([[ETSI]]) allocated 30&nbsp;MHz of spectrum in the 5.9&nbsp;GHz band for ITS.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Telecommunications Standards Institute. News release, September 2008 |url=http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/NewsandEvents/2008_09_Harmonizedstandards_ITS.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218204434/http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/NewsandEvents/2008_09_Harmonizedstandards_ITS.aspx |archive-date=2012-02-18 |access-date=2009-08-16 |publisher=ETSI}}</ref>

In November 2020, the FCC reallocated the lower 45 MHz of the 75 MHz spectrum to the neighboring 5.8 GHz [[ISM band]] for unlicensed non-ITS uses, citing DSRC's lack of adoption. Of the 30 MHz that remained for licensed ITS uses, 10 MHz was kept for DSRC (Channel 180, 5.895–5.905 GHz) and 20 MHz was reserved for a successor to DSRC, [[Cellular V2X|LTE-CV2X]] (Channel 183, 5.905–5.925 GHz).<ref>{{cite web |title= FCC Modernizes 5.9 GHz Band to Improve Wi-Fi and Automotive Safety |url= https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-368228A1.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DOT's concerns and recommendations relating to the Federal Communications Commission's November 8, 2019, draft of proposed rulemaking relating to the use of the 5.850-5.925 GHz spectrum band (Memorandum) |url=https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/file/download/5.850-5.925%20GHz%20Band,%20ET%20Dkt%20No.%2019-138.pdf?folder=10313251510165 |website=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Transportation]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Applications ==
Singapore's [[Electronic Road Pricing]] scheme plans to use DSRC technology for road use measurement (ERP2) to replace its ERP1 overhead gantry method.<ref> {{cite journal|title=Traffic congestion pricing methodologies and technologies |year=2011|doi=10.1016/j.trc.2011.02.010|last1=De Palma|first1=André|last2=Lindsey|first2=Robin|journal=Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies|volume=19|issue=6|pages=1377–1399|bibcode=2011TRPC...19.1377D }}</ref>

In June 2017, the Utah Department of Transportation and the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) demonstrated the use of DSRC for [[Bus priority signal|transit signal priority]] on SR-68 (Redwood Road) in Salt Lake City, whereby several UTA transit buses equipped with DSRC equipment could request changes to signal timing if they were running behind schedule.

Other applications include:
* Emergency warning system for vehicles
* [[Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control]]
* Cooperative Forward Collision Warning
* Intersection collision avoidance
* Approaching emergency vehicle warning (Blue Waves)
* Vehicle safety inspection
* Emergency vehicle signal preemption
* Electronic parking payments
* Commercial vehicle clearance and safety inspections
* In-vehicle signing
* Rollover warning
* Probe data collection
* Highway-rail intersection warning
* [[Electronic toll collection]] 

== Standardization ==
DSRC systems in Europe, Japan and the U.S. are incompatible and have significant differences, including spectrum and channels (5.8&nbsp;GHz RF, 5.9&nbsp;GHz RF, infrared), data transmission rates, and protocols.{{Citation needed |date= September 2013}}

The European standardization organisation [[European Committee for Standardization]] (CEN), sometimes in co-operation with the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) developed some DSRC standards:
* EN 12253:2004 Dedicated Short-Range Communication{{spaced ndash}}Physical layer using microwave at 5.8 GHz (review)
* EN 12795:2002 Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC){{spaced ndash}}DSRC Data link layer: Medium Access and Logical Link Control (review)
* EN 12834:2002 Dedicated Short-Range Communication{{spaced ndash}}Application layer (review)
* EN 13372:2004 Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC){{spaced ndash}}DSRC profiles for RTTT applications (review)
* EN ISO 14906:2004 Electronic Fee Collection{{spaced ndash}}Application interface
Each standard addresses different layers in the [[OSI model]] communication stack.

== See also ==
* [[Vehicular ad hoc network#Standards|V2V]]
* [[Vehicular communication systems]]
* [[Telematics]]
* [[Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range|CALM]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081120030553/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/~cw/dsrc-results.html Performance Evaluation of Short-Range Communication Links for Road Transport & Traffic Telematics] {{in lang|de}}
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* [http://www.ictsb.org/ITSSG/Documents/Mandate_M270.pdf Standards Mandate 270 from the European Commission]-->
* [http://robotica.uv.es/pub/RoadPricing/09comparison.pdf A comparison of different technologies for EFC and other ITS applications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032443/http://robotica.uv.es/pub/RoadPricing/09comparison.pdf |date=2012-07-17 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqj2UvKLGrw&feature=player_embedded/ Connectsafe Wireless Vehicle Communication System - University of South Australia]
* [http://www.its.dot.gov/factsheets/pdf/JPO-034_DSRC.pdf Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Fact Sheet – U.S. Department of Transportation ITS JPO]

[[Category:Wireless networking]]
[[Category:Electronic toll collection]]
[[Category:Automotive technologies]]