Editing Deep Thought (chess computer)

{{Short description|Chess playing computer}}
'''Deep Thought''' was a [[computer]] designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and later at [[IBM]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of deep blue|date=7 March 2012 |url=http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.3.1.html|publisher=[[IBM]]|access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref>  It was second in the line of [[chess]] computers developed by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], starting with [[ChipTest]] and culminating in [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]]. In addition to Hsu, the Deep Thought team included [[Thomas Anantharaman]], Mike Browne, [[Murray Campbell]] and Andreas Nowatzyk.<ref name="AAAIBerliner">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671|title=Deep Thought wins the $10,000 Fredkin Prize|author=Hans Berliner|author-link=Hans Berliner|date=1989|publisher=[[AI Magazine]] Volume 10 Number 2|format=[[PDF]]|access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref> Deep Thought became the first computer to beat a [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]] in a regular tournament game when it beat [[Bent Larsen]] in 1988,<ref name=AAAIBerliner /> but was easily defeated in both games of a two-game match with [[Garry Kasparov]] in 1989 as well as in a [[correspondence chess|correspondence]] match with [[Michael Valvo]].

It was named after [[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]], a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]' series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''. The naming of chess computers has continued in this vein with [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]], [[Deep Fritz]], [[Junior (chess program)|Deep Junior]], etc.

Deep Thought won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] in 1988 and the [[World Computer Chess Championship]] in the year 1989, and its [[Elo rating system|rating]], according to the [[United States Chess Federation|USCF]] was 2551.<ref name=AAAIBerliner />  In 1994, Deep Thought 2 won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] for the fifth time, with its rating estimated at around 2600. It was sponsored by [[IBM]]. Some engineers who designed Deep Thought also worked in the design of Deep Thought 2. Its algorithms were quite simple evaluation functions, but it could examine half a billion chess positions per move in tournament games, which is sufficient to reach depth of 10 or 11 moves ahead in complex positions. Despite that, using the technique of ''singular extensions'' it could also follow lines of forced moves that reach even further, which is how it once found a [[checkmate]] in 18 moves.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}

== See also ==
* [[Computer chess]]
* [[List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters#Deep Thought|Deep Thought]], a fictional computer in [[Douglas Adams]]'s series, ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]''
* [[ChipTest]], the first in the line of chess computers developed by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]]
* [[Deep Blue (chess computer)|Deep Blue]], another chess computer co-developed by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], being the first computer to win a chess match against the world champion
* [[HAL 9000|HAL]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Citation
|last=Hsu|first=Feng-hsiung|author-link=Feng-hsiung Hsu
|year=2002
|title=Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion
|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]
|isbn=0-691-09065-3}}
*{{Citation
|last=Newborn|first=Monty
|year=1997
|title=Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age
|publisher=Springer
|isbn=0-387-94820-1}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{chessgames player|id=13728|name=Deep Thought}}

{{IBM}}

[[Category:Chess computers]]
[[Category:One-of-a-kind computers]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University]]
[[Category:IBM computers]]