Editing Demographics of Croatia

{{Short description|none}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox place demographics
 | place  =[[Croatia]]
|image=Croatia single age population pyramid 2020.png
|image_size=350px
|caption=Croatia [[population pyramid]] in 2020
|size_of_population = {{increase}} 3,861,967 (2023 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/statistics/population/ | title=Population }}</ref>
|growth = {{IncreasePositive}} 0.6 per 1,000 pop. (2023)
|birth = {{DecreaseNegative}} 8.3 per 1,000 pop. (2023)
|death = {{DecreasePositive}} 13.3 per 1,000 pop. (2023)
|life = {{increase}} 78.6 years (2023)
|life_male = {{increase}} 75.4 years (2023)
|life_female = {{increase}} 81.8 years (2023)
|infant_mortality = {{Steady}} 3.9 deaths/1,000 infants (2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2024/en/76801 | title=STAN-2024-1-1 Natural Change in Population in the Republic of Croatia, 2023 }}</ref>
|fertility = {{decrease}} 1.53 children born/woman (2022)
|net_migration = {{IncreasePositive}} 7.8 migrant(s)/1,000 pop. (2023)
|age_0-14_years= {{decrease}} 14.1% (2023)
|age_15-64_years= {{decrease}} 63% (2023)
|age_65_years= {{IncreaseNegative}} 22.9% (2023)
|sr_total_mf_ratio=0.84 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
|sr_at_birth=1.06 male(s)/female
|sr_under_15=1.06 male(s)/female
|sr_15-64_years=0.99 male(s)/female
|sr_65_years_over=0.64 male(s)/female
|nation=''noun'': Croatian(s) ''adjective'': Croatian
|major_ethnic= [[Croats]] (91.63%) (2021)
|minor_ethnic= [[Serbs]] (3.2%) (2021) and<br /> others <2% individually (2021)
|official=[[Croatian language|Croatian]] at national level;<br /> [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Slovak language|Slovak]] are in official use in some local government areas
|spoken=Croatian, languages of the minorities
}}

The '''demographic characteristics of the population of Croatia''' are known through [[census]]es, normally conducted in ten-year intervals and analysed by various statistical bureaus since the 1850s. The [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]] has performed this task since the 1990s. The latest census in [[Croatia]] was performed in autumn of 2021. According to final results published on 22 September 2022 the permanent [[population]] of Croatia at the [[2021 Croatian census|2021 census]] (31st Aug) had reached 3.87&nbsp;million. The [[population density]] is 68.7 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall [[List of countries by life expectancy|life expectancy in Croatia]] at birth was 78,2 years in 2018.<ref name=who0>{{cite web
|url=http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/mbd/life_expectancy/atlas.html
|title=WHO Life Expectancy at birth
|access-date=2014-12-06
|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]
|year=2012}}</ref> The population rose steadily (with the exception of censuses taken following the two world wars) from 2.1&nbsp;million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7&nbsp;million. Since 1991, Croatia's [[death rate]] has continuously exceeded its [[birth rate]]; the natural growth rate of the population is negative. Croatia is in the fourth (or fifth) stage of the [[demographic transition]]. In terms of age structure, the population is dominated by the 15 to 64 year‑old segment. The median age of the population is 43.4, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female.

Croatia is inhabited mostly by [[Croats]] (91.63%), while minorities include [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]] (3.2%), and 21 other ethnicities (less than 1% each). The [[demographic]] history of Croatia is marked by significant migrations, including the arrival of the Croats in the area growth of Hungarian and German-speaking population since the [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|union of Croatia and Hungary]], and joining of the [[Habsburg Empire]], migrations set off by [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Ottoman conquests]] and growth of Italian speaking population in [[Istria]] and in [[Dalmatia]] during [[Venetian Republic|Venetian]] rule there. After the collapse of [[Austria-Hungary]], the Hungarian population declined, while the German-speaking population was forced or compelled to leave after World War II and [[Istrian exodus|similar fate]] was suffered by the Italian population. Late 19th century and the 20th century were marked by large scale economic migrations abroad. The 1940s and the 1950s in [[SFR Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] were marked by internal migrations in Yugoslavia, as well as by [[urbanisation]]. Recently, significant migrations came as a result of the [[Croatian War of Independence]] when hundreds of thousands were displaced, while the 2010s brought a new wave of emigration which strengthened after Croatia's accession to the EU in 2013.

[[Croatian language|Croatian]] is the official language, but minority languages are officially used in some local government units. Croatian is declared as the [[native language]] by 95.60% of the population. A 2009 survey revealed that 78% of Croatians claim knowledge of at least one foreign language—most often English. The main religions of Croatia are [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Roman Catholic]] (86.28%), [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia|Eastern Orthodoxy]] (4.44%) and [[Islam in Croatia|Islam]] (1.47%). Literacy in Croatia stands at 98.1%. The proportion of the population aged 15 and over attaining [[academic degree]]s grew rapidly since 2001, doubling and reaching 16.7% by 2008. An estimated 4.5% of the GDP is spent for education. Primary and secondary education are available in Croatian and in languages of recognised minorities. Croatia has a [[universal health care]] system and in 2010, the nation spent 6.9% of its GDP on healthcare. Net monthly income in August 2023 averaged 1,163 [[euro]]. The most significant sources of employment in 2023 were manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail trade and construction. In August 2023, the unemployment rate was 6.9%. Croatia's median equivalent household income tops average [[Purchasing Power Standard]] of [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004]], while trailing the EU average. 2011 census recorded a total of 1.5&nbsp;million private households, which predominantly owned their own housing. The average [[urbanisation]] rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with an augmentation of the urban population and a reduction of the rural population.

==Population==
[[File:Croatia, population density.svg|thumb|left|2011 Croatian [[population density]] by county in persons per km<sup>2</sup>.]]
[[File:Croatia_population_pyramid_2009_DZS.png|thumb|left|2009 Croatian [[population pyramid]]]]

With a population of 3,871,833 in 2021, Croatia [[List of countries by population|ranks 128th in the world by population]].<ref name="census2021-firstresults">{{Croatian Census 2021
|access-date=14 January 2022
}}</ref> Its [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density|population density]] is 75.8 inhabitants per square kilometre. The overall [[List of countries by life expectancy|life expectancy in Croatia]] at birth is 78 years.<ref name=who0/>

The [[total fertility rate]] of 1.50 children per mother is one of the [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate|lowest in the world]]. Since 1991, Croatia's [[death rate]] has nearly continuously exceeded its [[birth rate]].{{sfn|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015|p=120}} The [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]] forecast that the population may even shrink to 3.1&nbsp;million by 2051, depending on the actual birth rate and the level of net migration.<ref name="DZS-Forecast-2051">{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics|language=hr|url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/important/Notices/projekcije_stanovnistva_2004-2051.pdf|title=Projekcija stanovništva Republike Hrvatske 2004.&nbsp;– 2051.|year=2006}}</ref> The population of Croatia rose steadily from 2.1&nbsp;million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7&nbsp;million, with the exception of censuses taken in 1921 and 1948, i.e. following two world wars.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> The natural growth rate of the population is negative.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Snježana Mrđen|author2=Mladen Friganović|date=June 1998|title=The demographic situation in Croatia|journal=Geoadria|publisher=Hrvatsko geografsko društvo&nbsp;– Zadar|issn=1331-2294|volume=3|issue=1|pages=29–56|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=14991}}</ref><ref name="CIA"/> Croatia started advancing from the first stage of the [[demographic transition]] in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (depending on where in Croatia is being discussed).<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=61435|title=Početak demografske tranzicije u Hrvatskoj|author1=Nenad Vekarić|author2=Božena Vranješ-Šoljan|date=June 2009|language=hr|issue=47|journal=Anali Zavoda za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti u Dubrovniku|publisher=[[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]|issn=1330-0598|pages=9–62}}</ref> Croatia is in the fourth or fifth stage of the demographic transition.<ref>{{cite web|title=GG833 Geography: 2002 External Examination Report|url=http://www.tqa.tas.gov.au/4DCGI/_WWW_doc/006107/RND01/GG833_report_02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606131302/http://www.tqa.tas.gov.au/4DCGI/_WWW_doc/006107/RND01/GG833_report_02.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-06 |url-status=live|author=Tasmainian Secondary Assessment Board|year=2002}}</ref>

An explanation for the population decrease in the 1990s is the [[Croatian War of Independence]]. During the war, large sections of the population were displaced and emigration increased. In 1991, in predominantly Serb areas, more than 400,000 Croats and other non-[[Serbs]] were either removed from their homes by the Croatian Serb forces or fled the violence.<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2007/pr1162e-summary.htm|title=Summary of judgement for Milan Martić|date=12 June 2007|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215084458/http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2007/pr1162e-summary.htm |archive-date=15 December 2007}}</ref> In 1995, during the final days of the war, more than 120,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 Serbs fled the country before the arrival of Croatian forces during [[Operation Storm]].<ref name="Erlanger">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/16/world/for-serbs-in-croatia-a-pledge-unkept.html|title=For Serbs in Croatia, a Pledge Unkept|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=[[Steven Erlanger]]|date=16 January 2000}}</ref><ref name="Prodger">{{cite news|author=[[Matt Prodger]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4747379.stm|title=Evicted Serbs remember Storm|work=BBC News|date=5 August 2005}}</ref> Within a decade following the end of the war, only 117,000 Serb refugees returned out of the 300,000 displaced during the entire war.<ref name="OSCE-Reform">{{cite web|publisher=[[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]]|title=STATUS REPORT No.16 ON CROATIA'S PROGRESS IN MEETING INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS SINCE NOVEMBER 2004|date=7 July 2005|url=http://www.osce.org/zagreb/15985}}</ref> According to [[2001 Croatian census]] there were 201,631 Serbs in Croatia, compared to the [[1991 Croatian census|census from 1991]] when the number was 581,663.<ref>{{Cite web |title=popis 1991Hrvatska |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1991/pdf/G19914018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928014513/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1991/pdf/G19914018.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-28 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=pod2.stat.gov.rs}}</ref><ref>{{Croatian Census 2001|url=https://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_03_10/H01_03_10.html}}</ref> Most of Croatia's remaining Serbs never lived in areas occupied in the Croatian War of Independence. Serbs have been only partially re-settled in the regions they previously inhabited, while some of the settlements previously inhabited by Serbs were settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly from [[Republika Srpska]].<ref name="Index-Cro-Refugees">{{cite web|publisher=Index.hr|url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/savez-udruga-hrvataiz-bih-izabrao-novo-celnistvo/145769.aspx|language=hr|title=Savez udruga Hrvata iz BiH izabrao novo čelništvo|date=28 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="PresidentRH-refugees">{{cite web|publisher=Office of the [[President of Croatia]] |url=http://www.predsjednik.hr/29062010 |language=hr |title=29 06 2010&nbsp;– Benkovac |date=29 June 2010|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127220818/http://predsjednik.hr/29062010 |archive-date=27 November 2010 }}</ref>

In 2014, there were 39,566 live births in Croatia, comprising 20,374 male and 19,192 female children. Virtually all of those were performed in medical facilities; only 19 births occurred elsewhere. Out of the total number, 32,677 children were born in wedlock or within 300&nbsp;days after the end of the marriage, and the average age of mothers at the birth of their first child was 28.4 years.{{sfn|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015|p=122}} General fertility rate, i.e. number of births per 1,000 women aged 15–49 is 42.9, with the age specific rate peaking at 101.0 per million for women aged 25–29. In 2009, 52,414 persons died in Croatia, 48.5% of whom died in medical facilities and 90.0% of whom were receiving medical treatment at the time. [[Cardiovascular disease]] and [[cancer]] were the primary causes of death in the country, with 26,235 and 13,280 deaths respectively. In the same year, there were 2,986 violent deaths, including 2,121 due to accidents. The latter figure includes 616 deaths in traffic accidents.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> In 2014, the birth rate was 9.3 per mille, exceeded by the mortality rate of 12.0 per mille. The [[infant mortality]] rate was 5.0 per mille in 2014.{{sfn|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015|p=120}} In terms of age structure, the population of Croatia is dominated by the 15–64&nbsp;year older segment (68.1%), while the size of the population younger than 15 and older than 64 is relatively small (15.1% and 16.9% respectively). The median age of the population is 41.4. The sex ratio of the population is 1.06 males per 1 female at birth and up to 14 years of age, and 0.99 males per 1 female between the ages of 15 and 64. But at ages over 64 the ratio is 0.64 males per 1 female. The ratio for the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female.<ref name="CIA"/>

In contrast to the shrinking native population, since the late 1990s there has been a positive net migration into Croatia, reaching a level of more than 7,000 net immigrants in 2006.<ref name="Limun-immigration">{{cite web|publisher=Limun.hr|url=http://limun.hr/main.aspx?id=178599&NadID=178578|title=U Hrvatskoj dvostruko više doseljenika|date=21 July 2007|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114083714/http://limun.hr/main.aspx?id=178599&NadID=178578|url-status=dead}}</ref> In accordance with its immigration policy, Croatia is also trying to entice emigrants to return.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Politička Misao: Croatian Political Science Review|issn=0032-3241|volume=35|issue=5|year=2008|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=51084|title=The Policy of Immigration in Croatia| author=Nick Vidak|pages=57–75|publisher=University of Zagreb, Faculty of Political Science}}</ref> [[Croatian citizenship]] is acquired in a multitude of ways, based on origin, place of birth, naturalization and international treaties.<ref name=MVEP>{{cite web |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/services-for-citizens/consular-information-22802/citizenship-22808/acquiring-croatian-citizenship-245148/245148 |title=Acquiring Croatian citizenship |publisher=Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs |access-date=July 19, 2019}}</ref> In recent years, the Croatian government has been pressured each year to add 40% to work permit quotas for foreign workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poslovni.hr/101937.aspx|title=Traži se 40% više kvota za strane radnike|publisher=[[Poslovni dnevnik]]|date=28 November 2008|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329075221/http://www.poslovni.hr/101937.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There were 8,468 immigrants to Croatia in 2009, more than half of them (57.5%) coming from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], a sharp decline from the previous year's 14,541. In the same year, there were 9,940 emigrants from the country, 44.8% of them leaving to [[Serbia]]. The number of emigrants represents a substantial increase compared to the figure of 7,488 recorded in 2008. In 2009, the net migration to and from abroad peaked in the [[Sisak-Moslavina County]] (−1,093 persons) and the city of [[Zagreb]] (+830 persons).

In 2009, a total of 22,382 marriages were performed in Croatia as well as 5,076 divorces. The 2001 census recorded 1.47&nbsp;million households in the country.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/>

{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 3.85, 3.88, 3.91, 3.95, 3.98, 4.01, 4.04, 4.07, 4.09, 4.11, 4.14, 4.17, 4.2, 4.23, 4.25, 4.28, 4.31, 4.34, 4.37, 4.39, 4.41, 4.43, 4.45, 4.47, 4.49, 4.51, 4.54, 4.56, 4.58, 4.59, 4.6, 4.61, 4.63, 4.66, 4.68, 4.7, 4.72, 4.74, 4.76, 4.77, 4.78, 4.73, 4.69, 4.65, 4.6, 4.56, 4.52, 4.47, 4.43, 4.39, 4.34, 4.3, 4.3, 4.3, 4.3, 4.31, 4.31, 4.31, 4.31, 4.31, 4.3, 4.28, 4.27, 4.26, 4.24, 4.2, 4.17, 4.12, 4.09, 4.07, 4.05, 3.90

| y1Title= population (million)

}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=0
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 12.4,9.6,12.2,11.0,12.1,11.6,10.5,10.1,9.7,9.1,8.4,8.7,7.2,7.4,6.1,7.3,7.7,5.9,5.0,3.8,3.8,4.5,4.1,4.9,5.0,4.7,4.8,5.0,4.4,4.5,3.9,3.5,3.4,2.2,2.3,2.3,1.8,1.3,1.2,0.6,0.7,-0.6,-1.0,-0.5,-0.2,-0.1,0.7,0.8,-1.2,-1.5,-1.5,-2.0,-2.4,-3.0,-2.2,-2.2,-2.1,-2.4,-1.9,-1.8,-2.0,-2.3,-2.3,-2.5,-2.7,-4.0,-3.4,-4.1,-3.9,-3.9,-5.2, −6.7

| y2= ,-1.6,-4.3,-2.7,-4,-2.9,-3.8,-3.5,-4.4,-2.8,-2.3,-2.2,-0.2,-0.5,0.3,-0.7,-0.8,0.5,
1.2,2.1,0.9,-0.2,0.3,-0.5,-0.4,0,0.4,0.2,0.3,-1.5,-2.9,-0.9,1.5,2.9,2.4,2.2,2.4,2.6,2,1.9,1.4,-8.5,-8.2,-8.8,-9.2,-9.4,-10.3,-10.5,-8.6,-8.4,-8.5,-8.1,3,3.3,2.5,3.4,2.3,2.2,1.8,0.8,-0.2,-1.2,-0.7,-0.3,-1.4,-4.3,-3.7,-8,-5.1,-1.7,0.9,-36.7

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title=Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 2.94,2.66,2.77,2.68,2.61,2.56,2.47,2.30,2.19,2.24,2.23,2.23,2.11,2.05,2.04,2.19,2.20,2.06,1.99,1.91,1.81,1.97,1.96,1.97,1.93,1.90,1.88,1.90,1.92,1.95,1.92,1.93,1.90,1.88,1.87,1.82,1.76,1.74,1.74,1.67,1.68,1.59,1.46,1.52,1.54,1.62,1.76,1.84,1.59,1.55,1.52,1.45,1.43,1.41,1.43,1.50,1.47,1.49,1.56,1.59,1.55,1.48,1.52,1.46,1.46,1.41,1.43,1.42,1.47,1.47,1.48,1.62

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}

===Census data===
[[File:2011 Croatian Census.jpg|thumb|right|An official briefcase used by the [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]] census takers for the purposes of the 2011 census]]
The first modern population census in the country was conducted in 1857, and 15 more have been performed since then. Since 1961 the censuses are conducted in regular ten-year intervals, with the latest one in 2011.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/><ref name="cbs-2011-settle">{{Croatian Census 2001|url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2011/SI-1441.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908193836/https://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2011/SI-1441.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-08 |url-status=live|title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements}}</ref> The first institution set up in the country specifically for the purposes of maintaining population statistics was the State Statistical Office, founded in 1875. Since its founding, the office changed its name and structure several times and was alternately subordinated to other institutions and independent, until the most recent changes in 1992, when the institution became the [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics|url=http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/about_us/about_us.htm|title=About us|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> The 2011 census was performed on 1–28 April 2011, recording situation as of 31 March 2011.<ref name="NN-Census">{{cite news|newspaper=[[Narodne Novine]]|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2010_07_92_2587.html|title=Zakon o popisu stanovništva, kućanstava, i stanova u Republici Hrvatskoj 2011. godine|date=24 July 2010}}</ref> The first census results, containing the number of the population by settlement, were published on 29 June 2011,<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list|language=hr|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/popis-stanovnistva-2011---hrvatska-ima-4-29-milijuna-stanovnika--zagreb-blizu-800-000/956036/|title=Hrvatska ima 4,29 milijuna stanovnika. U Zagrebu živi blizu 800.000 ljudi|date=29 June 2011|author=Kristina Turčin}}</ref> and the final comprehensive set of data was published in December 2012.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Večernji list|language=hr|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/u-rh-zivi-4284889-ljudi-sto-je-za-152571-manje-nego-u-2001-488056|title=U RH živi 4,284.889 ljudi, što je za 152.571 manje nego u 2001|date=17 December 2012}}</ref> The 2011 census and processing of the data gathered by the census was expected to cost 171.9&nbsp;million [[Croatian kuna|kuna]] (23.3&nbsp;million [[euro]]).<ref name="NN-Census"/> The 2011 census was performed using new methodology: the permanent population was determined as the enumerated population who lived in the census area for at least 12 months prior to the census, or plans to live in the same area for at least 12 months after the census. This method was also retroactively applied to the 2001 census data.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/><ref name="cbs-2011-settle"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Enumerated population
! Permanent population
! Average annual growth rate
! Population density per km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| align="center" width="50" | 1857||align="center" width="150" | 2,181,499||{{n/a}}||align="center" width="50" | -||align="center" width="50" | 38.5
|-
| align="center" | 1869||align="center" | 2,398,292||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.83%||align="center" | 42.4
|-
| align="center" | 1880||align="center" | 2,506,228||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.41%||align="center" | 44.3
|-
| align="center" | 1890||align="center" | 2,854,558||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 1.39%||align="center" | 50.4
|-
| align="center" | 1900||align="center" | 3,161,456||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 1.08%||align="center" | 55.9
|-
| align="center" | 1910||align="center" | 3,460,584||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.95%||align="center" | 61.1
|-
| align="center" | 1921||align="center" | 3,443,375||{{n/a}}||align="center" | -0.05%||align="center" | 60.8
|-
| align="center" | 1931||align="center" | 3,785,455||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.99%||align="center" | 66.9
|-
| align="center" | 1948||align="center" | 3,779,858||{{n/a}}||align="center" | -0.01%||align="center" | 66.8
|-
| align="center" | 1953||align="center" | 3,936,022||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.83%||align="center" | 69.5
|-
| align="center" | 1961||align="center" | 4,159,696||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.71%||align="center" | 73.5
|-
| align="center" | 1971||align="center" | 4,426,221||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.64%||align="center" | 78.2
|-
| align="center" | 1981||align="center" | 4,601,469||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.40%||align="center" | 81.3
|-
| align="center" | 1991||align="center" | 4,784,265||{{n/a}}||align="center" | 0.40%||align="center" | 84.5
|-
| align="center" | 2001||align="center" | 4,492,049||align="center" width="150"| 4,437,460||align="center" | -0.72%||align="center" | 78.4
|-
| align="center" | 2011||align="center" | 4,456,096||align="center" | 4,284,889||align="center" | -0.34%||align="center" | 75.7
|-
| align="center" | 2021||align="center" | 3,937,024|| align="center" | 3,871,833|| align="center" | -0.96%|| align="center" | 68.4
|-
| colspan=5 | Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/><ref name="cbs-2011-settle"/><br />Note: From 2001 population density is calculated using the permanent population figure.
|}

===Total Fertility Rate from 1880 to 1899===
The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: [[Our World in Data]] and [[Gapminder Foundation]].<ref name="ourworldindata.org">{{citation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=AUT|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last two centuries|author=Max Roser|date=2014|work=[[Our World in Data]], [[Gapminder Foundation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807185806/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=AUT|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1880!!1881!!1882!!1883!!1884!!1885!!1886!!1887!!1888!!1889!!1890<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Croatia||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.75|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.75 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.86||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.96||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.07||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.18||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.83||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.65||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.48||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.31
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1891!!1892!!1893!!1894!!1895!!1896!!1897!!1898!!1899<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Croatia||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.42|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.53 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.64||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.76||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.83||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.79||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.7||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.7||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.54
|}

===Total Fertility Rate from 1915 to 1940===
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1915!!1916!!1917!!1918!!1919!!1920<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Croatia||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.09 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.19||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.28||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.37||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.31
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1921!!1922!!1923!!1924!!1925!!1926!!1927!!1928!!1929!!1930<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Croatia||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.26|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.2 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.14||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.08||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.98||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.87||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.77||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.67||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.57||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.47
|}
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !! 1931!!1932!!1933!!1934!!1935!!1936!!1937!!1938!!1939!!1940<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Croatia||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.36|| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.26 ||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.16||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|4.06||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.96||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.85||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.75||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.65||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.55||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|3.45
|}

==Vital statistics==

===Births and deaths before WWI===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Average population
! width="80pt"|Live births
! width="80pt"|Deaths
! width="80pt"|Natural change
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|[[Total fertility rate]]s<ref name="ourworldindata.org"/>
|-
| 1900
| align="right" | 2,375,000
| align="right" | 97,000
| align="right" | 65,000
| align="right" | 32,000
| align="right" | 40.7
| align="right" | 27.5
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.45
|-
| 1901
| align="right" | 2,432,000
| align="right" | 95,000
| align="right" | 67,000
| align="right" | 28,000
| align="right" | 39.2
| align="right" | 27.4
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.41
|-
| 1902
| align="right" | 2,431,000
| align="right" | 101,000
| align="right" | 67,000
| align="right" | 34,000
| align="right" | 41.5
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.38
|-
| 1903
| align="right" | 2,462,000
| align="right" | 97,000
| align="right" | 66,000
| align="right" | 31,000
| align="right" | 39.3
| align="right" | 26.9
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.34
|-
| 1904
| align="right" | 2,477,000
| align="right" | 99,000
| align="right" | 65,000
| align="right" | 34,000
| align="right" | 40.0
| align="right" | 26.2
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.30
|-
| 1905
| align="right" | 2,493,000
| align="right" | 100,000
| align="right" | 75,000
| align="right" | 25,000
| align="right" | 40.1
| align="right" | 30.1
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.26
|-
| 1906
| align="right" | 2,515,000
| align="right" | 100,000
| align="right" | 66,000
| align="right" | 34,000
| align="right" | 39.7
| align="right" | 26.3
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.22
|-
| 1907
| align="right" | 2,550,000
| align="right" | 100,000
| align="right" | 65,000
| align="right" | 35,000
| align="right" | 39.3
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.18
|-
| 1908
| align="right" | 2,560,000
| align="right" | 100,000
| align="right" | 70,000
| align="right" | 30,000
| align="right" | 39.2
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.14
|-
| 1909
| align="right" | 2,588,000
| align="right" | 108,000
| align="right" | 69,000
| align="right" | 39,000
| align="right" | 41.7
| align="right" | 26.7
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.10
|-
| 1910
| align="right" | 2,616,000
| align="right" | 99,000
| align="right" | 65,000
| align="right" | 34,000
| align="right" | 37.9
| align="right" | 24.8
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.06
|-
| 1911
| align="right" | 2,628,000
| align="right" | 95,000
| align="right" | 69,000
| align="right" | 26,000
| align="right" | 36.0
| align="right" | 26.4
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" |5.02
|-
| 1912
| align="right" | 2,654,000
| align="right" | 101,000
| align="right" | 67,000
| align="right" | 34,000
| align="right" | 38.1
| align="right" | 25.2
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" |4.98
|-
| 1913
| align="right" | 2,663,000
| align="right" | 95,000
| align="right" | 68,000
| align="right" | 27,000
| align="right" | 35.7
| align="right" | 25.5
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" |4.94
|-
| 1914
| align="right" | 2,675,000
| align="right" | 98,000
| align="right" | 66,000
| align="right" | 32,000
| align="right" | 36.6
| align="right" | 24.7
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" |4.90
|-

| colspan=9|<small>Source: Brian R. Mitchell, European historical statistics, 1750–1975</small><ref>{{cite book|author=Brian R. Mitchell|title=European historical statistics, 1750–1975|isbn=978-0-87196-329-1|publisher=[[Facts on File]]|year=1980|page=[https://archive.org/details/europeanhistoric0000mitc_r5u1/page/341 341]|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanhistoric0000mitc_r5u1|url-access=registration}}</ref>
|}

===Births and deaths after WWII===
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database|title=Eurostat database}}</ref>

Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics<ref>{{cite web|title=dzs.gov.hr|url=https://dzs.gov.hr/en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=podaci.dzs.hr|url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=web.dzs.hr|url=https://web.dzs.hr/default_e.htm}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align: right;"
|-
! style="width:40pt;" |
! style="width:60pt;" |Average population (end of year)
! style="width:60pt;" |Live births
! style="width:60pt;" |Deaths
! style="width:60pt;" |Natural change
! style="width:60pt;" |Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Crude migration rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Total fertility rate
! style="width:60pt;" |Female fertile population (15–49 years)
|-
|1950
| style="text-align:right;" |3,850,991
| style="color:blue" |95,174
| style="text-align:right;" |47,292
| style=" color:green" |47,882
| 24.7
| 12.3
| style=" color:green" |12.4
|
| style="color:blue" |2.94
| style="text-align:right;" |1,091,313
|-
|1951
| style="text-align:right;" |3,881,986
| style="text-align:right;" |87,181
| style="text-align:right;" |49,804
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |37,377
| style="text-align:right;" |22.5
| style="text-align:right;" |12.8
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |9.6
| −1.6
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.66
| style="text-align:right;" |1,091,156
|-
|1952
| style="text-align:right;" |3,912,983
| style="text-align:right;" |91,225
| style="text-align:right;" |43,512
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |47,713
| style="text-align:right;" |23.3
| style="text-align:right;" |11.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |12.2
| −4.3
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.77
| style="text-align:right;" |1,090,994
|-
|1953
| style="text-align:right;" |3,945,997
| style="text-align:right;" |90,200
| style="text-align:right;" |46,662
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |43,538
| style="text-align:right;" |22.9
| style="text-align:right;" |11.8
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |11.0
| −2.7
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.68
| style="text-align:right;" |1,090,834
|-
|1954
| style="text-align:right;" |3,978,125
| style="text-align:right;" |89,309
| style="text-align:right;" |41,071
| style=" color:green" |48,238
| style="text-align:right;" |22.5
| style="text-align:right;" |10.3
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |12.1
| −4.0
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.61
| style="text-align:right;" |1,097,788
|-
|1955
| style="text-align:right;" |4,013,015
| style="text-align:right;" |88,657
| style="text-align:right;" |42,035
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |46,622
| style="text-align:right;" |22.1
| style="text-align:right;" |10.5
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |11.6
| −2.9
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.56
| style="text-align:right;" |1,104,740
|-
|1956
| style="text-align:right;" |4,039,992
| style="text-align:right;" |86,171
| style="text-align:right;" |43,772
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |42,399
| style="text-align:right;" |21.3
| style="text-align:right;" |10.8
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |10.5
| −3.8
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.47
| style="text-align:right;" |1,111,693
|-
|1957
| style="text-align:right;" |4,067,005
| style="text-align:right;" |81,414
| style="text-align:right;" |40,261
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |41,153
| style="text-align:right;" |20.0
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |10.1
| −3.5
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.30
| style="text-align:right;" |1,113,448
|-
|1958
| style="text-align:right;" |4,088,987
| style="text-align:right;" |77,771
| style="text-align:right;" |37,980
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |39,791
| style="text-align:right;" |19.0
| style="text-align:right;" |9.3
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |9.7
| −4.4
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.19
| style="text-align:right;" |1,115,826
|-
|1959
| style="text-align:right;" |4,114,979
| style="text-align:right;" |78,233
| style="text-align:right;" |40,688
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |37,545
| style="text-align:right;" |19.0
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |9.1
| −2.8
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.24
| style="text-align:right;" |1,093,146
|-
|1960
| style="text-align:right;" |4,140,181
| style="text-align:right;" |76,156
| style="text-align:right;" |41,361
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |34,795
| style="text-align:right;" |18.4
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |8.4
| −2.3
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.23
| style="text-align:right;" |1,079,109
|-
|1961
| style="text-align:right;" |4,167,292
| style="text-align:right;" |74,190
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |37,796
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |36,394
| style="text-align:right;" |17.8
| style="text-align:right;" |9.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |8.7
| −2.2
| style="text-align:right; color:blue; " |2.23
| style="text-align:right;" |1,065,072
|-
|1962
| style="text-align:right;" |4,196,712
| style="text-align:right;" |72,267
| style="text-align:right;" |42,134
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |30,133
| style="text-align:right;" |17.2
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |7.2
| −0.2
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.11
| style="text-align:right;" |1,083,743
|-
|1963
| style="text-align:right;" |4,225,675
| style="text-align:right;" |69,878
| style="text-align:right;" |38,597
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |31,281
| style="text-align:right;" |16.5
| style="text-align:right;" |9.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |7.4
| −0.5
| style="text-align:right;" |2.05
| style="text-align:right;" |1,088,767
|-
|1964
| style="text-align:right;" |4,252,876
| style="text-align:right;" |68,873
| style="text-align:right;" |43,013
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |25,860
| style="text-align:right;" |16.2
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |6.1
| 0.3
| style="text-align:right; " |2.04
| style="text-align:right;" |1,095,023
|-
|1965
| style="text-align:right;" |4,280,923
| style="text-align:right;" |71,186
| style="text-align:right;" |39,936
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |31,250
| style="text-align:right;" |16.6
| style="text-align:right;" |9.3
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |7.3
| −0.7
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.19
| style="text-align:right;" |1,096,232
|-
|1966
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,701
| style="text-align:right;" |71,325
| style="text-align:right;" |37,941
| style="color:green" |33,384
| style="text-align:right;" |16.5
| 8.8
| style="color:green" |7.7
| −0.8
| style="color:blue" |2.20
| style="text-align:right;" |1,113,169
|-
|1967
| style="text-align:right;" |4,338,683
| style="text-align:right;" |67,103
| style="text-align:right;" |41,381
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |25,722
| style="text-align:right;" |15.5
| style="text-align:right;" |9.5
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |6.0
| 0.5
| style="text-align:right; " |2.06
| style="text-align:right;" |1,138,279
|-
|1968
| style="text-align:right;" |4,365,628
| style="text-align:right;" |65,431
| style="text-align:right;" |43,720
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |21,711
| style="text-align:right;" |15.0
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |5.0
| 1.2
| style="text-align:right; " |1.99
| style="text-align:right;" |1,141,548
|-
|1969
| style="text-align:right;" |4,391,490
| style="text-align:right;" |63,635
| style="text-align:right;" |46,844
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |16,791
| style="text-align:right;" |14.5
| style="text-align:right;" |10.7
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3.8
| 2.1
| style="text-align:right; " |1.91
| style="text-align:right;" |1,170,146
|-
|1970
| style="text-align:right;" |4,412,252
| style="text-align:right;" |61,103
| style="text-align:right;" |44,148
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |16,955
| style="text-align:right;" |13.8
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3.8
| 0.9
| style="text-align:right; " |1.81
| style="text-align:right;" |1,173,533
|-
|1971
| style="text-align:right;" |4,431,275
| style="text-align:right;" |64,890
| style="text-align:right;" |44,878
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |20,012
| style="text-align:right;" |14.6
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.5
| −0.2
| style="text-align:right; " |1.97
| style="text-align:right;" |1,174,488
|-
|1972
| style="text-align:right;" |4,450,564
| style="text-align:right;" |66,035
| style="text-align:right;" |47,881
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |18,154
| style="text-align:right;" |14.8
| style="text-align:right;" |10.8
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.1
| 0.3
| style="text-align:right; " |1.96
| style="text-align:right;" |1,176,673
|-
|1973
| style="text-align:right;" |4,470,161
| style="text-align:right;" |67,389
| style="text-align:right;" |45,680
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |21,709
| style="text-align:right;" |15.1
| style="text-align:right;" |10.2
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.9
| −0.5
| style="text-align:right; " |1.97
| style="text-align:right;" |1,170,468
|-
|1974
| style="text-align:right;" |4,490,660
| style="text-align:right;" |67,251
| style="text-align:right;" |44,950
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |22,301
| style="text-align:right;" |15.0
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |5.0
| −0.4
| style="text-align:right; " |1.93
| style="text-align:right;" |1,164,291
|-
|1975
| style="text-align:right;" |4,512,082
| style="text-align:right;" |67,016
| style="text-align:right;" |45,640
| style="color:green" |21,376
| style="text-align:right;" |14.9
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="color:green" |4.7
| 0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.90
| style="color:blue" |1,177,334
|-
|1976
| style="text-align:right;" |4,535,934
| style="text-align:right;" |67,054
| style="text-align:right;" |45,074
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |21,980
| style="text-align:right;" |14.8
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.8
| 0.4
| style="text-align:right; " |1.88
| style="text-align:right;" |1,177,247
|-
|1977
| style="text-align:right;" |4,559,571
| style="text-align:right;" |68,035
| style="text-align:right;" |45,156
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |22,879
| style="text-align:right;" |14.9
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |5.0
| 0.2
| style="text-align:right; " |1.90
| style="text-align:right;" |1,165,123
|-
|1978
| style="text-align:right;" |4,581,085
| style="text-align:right;" |68,704
| style="text-align:right;" |48,715
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |19,989
| style="text-align:right;" |15.0
| style="text-align:right;" |10.6
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.4
| 0.3
| style="text-align:right; " |1.92
| style="text-align:right;" |1,170,862
|-
|1979
| style="text-align:right;" |4,594,778
| style="text-align:right;" |69,229
| style="text-align:right;" |48,426
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |20,803
| style="text-align:right;" |15.1
| style="text-align:right;" |10.5
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |4.5
| −1.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.95
| style="text-align:right;" |1,166,817
|-
|1980
| style="text-align:right;" |4,599,782
| style="text-align:right;" |68,220
| style="text-align:right;" |50,100
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |18,120
| style="text-align:right;" |14.8
| style="text-align:right;" |10.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3.9
| −2.9
| style="text-align:right; " |1.92
| style="text-align:right;" |1,162,773
|-
|1981
| style="text-align:right;" |4,611,509
| style="text-align:right;" |67,455
| style="text-align:right;" |51,420
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |16,035
| style="text-align:right;" |14.6
| style="text-align:right;" |11.2
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3.5
| −0.9
| style="text-align:right; " |1.93
| style="text-align:right;" |1,152,704
|-
|1982
| style="text-align:right;" |4,634,234
| style="text-align:right;" |66,737
| style="text-align:right;" |50,770
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |15,967
| style="text-align:right;" |14.4
| style="text-align:right;" |11.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3.4
| 1.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.90
| style="text-align:right;" |1,130,858
|-
|1983
| style="text-align:right;" |4,658,254
| style="text-align:right;" |65,599
| style="text-align:right;" |55,147
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |10,452
| style="text-align:right;" |14.1
| style="text-align:right;" |11.8
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |2.2
| 2.9
| style="text-align:right; " |1.88
| style="text-align:right;" |1,139,362
|-
|1984
| style="text-align:right;" |4,680,285
| style="text-align:right;" |64,888
| style="text-align:right;" |54,169
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |10,719
| style="text-align:right;" |13.9
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |2.3
| 2.4
| style="text-align:right; " |1.87
| style="text-align:right;" |1,131,152
|-
|1985
| style="text-align:right;" |4,701,417
| style="text-align:right;" |62,665
| style="text-align:right;" |52,067
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |10,598
| style="text-align:right;" |13.3
| style="text-align:right;" |11.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |2.3
| 2.2
| style="text-align:right; " |1.82
| style="text-align:right;" |1,117,142
|-
|1986
| style="text-align:right;" |4,721,446
| style="text-align:right;" |60,226
| style="text-align:right;" |51,740
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |8,486
| style="text-align:right;" |12.8
| style="text-align:right;" |11.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |1.8
| 2.4
| style="text-align:right; " |1.76
| style="text-align:right;" |1,161,753
|-
|1987
| style="text-align:right;" |4,739,745
| style="text-align:right;" |59,209
| style="text-align:right;" |53,080
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |6,129
| style="text-align:right;" |12.5
| style="text-align:right;" |11.2
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |1.3
| 2.6
| style="text-align:right; " |1.74
| style="text-align:right;" |1,102,815
|-
|1988
| style="text-align:right;" |4,755,207
| style="text-align:right;" |58,525
| style="text-align:right;" |52,686
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |5,839
| style="text-align:right;" |12.3
| style="text-align:right;" |11.1
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |1.2
| 2.0
| style="text-align:right; " |1.74
| style="text-align:right;" |1,125,627
|-
|1989
| style="text-align:right;" |4,767,260
| style="text-align:right;" |55,651
| style="text-align:right;" |52,569
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3,082
| style="text-align:right;" |11.7
| style="text-align:right;" |11.0
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |0.6
| 1.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.67
| style="text-align:right;" |1,169,437
|-
|1990
| style="text-align:right;color:blue;" |4,777,368
| style="text-align:right;" |55,409
| style="text-align:right;" |52,192
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3,217
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right;" |10.9
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |0.7
| 1.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.68
| style="text-align:right;" |1,134,934
|-
|1991
| style="text-align:right;" |4,733,938
| style="text-align:right;" |51,829
| style="text-align:right;" |54,832
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3,003
| style="text-align:right;" |10.9
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.6
| −8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.59
| style="text-align:right;" |1,125,917
|-
|1992
| style="text-align:right;" |4,690,509
| style="text-align:right;" |46,970
| style="text-align:right;" |51,800
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,830
| style="text-align:right;" |10.0
| style="text-align:right;" |11.0
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0
| −9.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.46
| style="text-align:right;" |1,116,900
|-
|1993
| style="text-align:right;" |4,647,079
| style="text-align:right;" |48,535
| style="text-align:right;" |50,846
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,311
| style="text-align:right;" |10.4
| style="text-align:right;" |10.9
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.5
| −8.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.52
| style="text-align:right;" |1,107,883
|-
|1994
| style="text-align:right;" |4,603,649
| style="text-align:right;" |48,584
| style="text-align:right;" |49,482
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -898
| style="text-align:right;" |10.6
| style="text-align:right;" |10.7
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.2
| −9.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.54
| style="text-align:right;" |1,098,867
|-
|1995
| style="text-align:right;" |4,560,220
| style="text-align:right;" |50,182
| style="text-align:right;" |50,536
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -354
| style="text-align:right;" |11.0
| style="text-align:right;" |11.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1
| −9.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.62
| style="text-align:right;" |1,089,849
|-
|1996
| style="text-align:right;" |4,516,790
| style="text-align:right;" |53,811
| style="text-align:right;" |50,636
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3,175
| style="text-align:right;" |11.9
| style="text-align:right;" |11.2
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |0.7
| −10.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.76
| style="text-align:right;" |1,080,833
|-
|1997
| style="text-align:right;" |4,473,361
| style="text-align:right;" |55,501
| style="text-align:right;" |51,964
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |3,537
| style="text-align:right;" |12.4
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right; color:green;" |0.8
| −10.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.84
| style="text-align:right;" |1,071,815
|-
|1998
| style="text-align:right;" |4,429,931
| style="text-align:right;" |47,068
| style="text-align:right;" |52,311
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,243
| style="text-align:right;" |10.6
| style="text-align:right;" |11.8
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.2
| −8.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.59
| style="text-align:right;" |1,062,799
|-
|1999
| style="text-align:right;" |4,386,501
| style="text-align:right;" |45,179
| style="text-align:right;" |51,953
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,774
| style="text-align:right;" |10.3
| style="text-align:right;" |11.8
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.5
| −8.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.55
| style="text-align:right;" |1,053,782
|-
|2000
| style="text-align:right;" |4,343,072
| style="text-align:right;" |43,746
| style="text-align:right;" |50,246
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,500
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.5
| −8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.52
| style="text-align:right;" |1,044,765
|-
|2001
| style="text-align:right;" |4,299,642
| style="text-align:right;" |40,993
| style="text-align:right;" |49,552
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,559
| style="text-align:right;" |9.5
| style="text-align:right;" |11.5
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.0
| −8.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.45
| style="text-align:right;" |1,035,748
|-
|2002
| style="text-align:right;" |4,302,174
| style="text-align:right;" |40,094
| style="text-align:right;" |50,569
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -10,475
| style="text-align:right;" |9.3
| style="text-align:right;" |11.8
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.4
| 3.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.43
| style="text-align:right;" |1,033,822
|-
|2003
| style="text-align:right;" |4,303,399
| style="text-align:right;" |39,668
| style="text-align:right;" |52,575
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -12,907
| style="text-align:right;" |9.2
| style="text-align:right;" |12.2
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.0
| 3.3
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" |1.41
| style="text-align:right;" |1,029,271
|-
|2004
| style="text-align:right;" |4,304,600
| style="text-align:right;" |40,307
| style="text-align:right;" |49,756
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -9,449
| style="text-align:right;" |9.4
| style="text-align:right;" |11.6
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.2
| 2.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.43
| style="text-align:right;" |1,025,538
|-
|2005
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,145
| style="text-align:right;" |42,492
| style="text-align:right;" |51,790
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -9,298
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right;" |12.0
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.2
| 3.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.50
| style="text-align:right;" |1,019,358
|-
|2006
| style="text-align:right;" |4,311,159
| style="text-align:right;" |41,446
| style="text-align:right;" |50,378
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,932
| style="text-align:right;" |9.6
| style="text-align:right;" |11.7
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.1
| 2.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.47
| style="text-align:right;" |1,012,512
|-
|2007
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,217
| style="text-align:right;" |41,910
| style="text-align:right;" |52,367
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -10,457
| style="text-align:right;" |9.7
| style="text-align:right;" |12.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.4
| 2.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.49
| style="text-align:right;" |1,005,073
|-
|2008
| style="text-align:right;" |4,309,705
| style="text-align:right;" |43,753
| style="text-align:right;" |52,151
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,398
| style="text-align:right;" |10.2
| style="text-align:right;" |12.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.9
| 1.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.56
| style="text-align:right;" |998,329
|-
|2009
| style="text-align:right;" |4,305,181
| style="text-align:right;" |44,577
| style="text-align:right;" |52,414
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -7,837
| style="text-align:right;" |10.4
| style="text-align:right;" |12.2
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.8
| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.59
| style="text-align:right;" |989,751
|-
|2010
| style="text-align:right;" |4,295,427
| style="text-align:right;" |43,361
| style="text-align:right;" |52,096
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,735
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="text-align:right;" |12.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.0
| −0.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.55
| style="text-align:right;" |979,563
|-
|2011
| style="text-align:right;" |4,280,622
| style="text-align:right;" |41,197
| style="text-align:right;" |51,019
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -9,822
| style="text-align:right;" |9.6
| style="text-align:right;" |11.9
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.3
| −1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.48
| style="text-align:right;" |970,458
|-
|2012
| style="text-align:right;" |4,260,368
| style="text-align:right;" |41,771
| style="text-align:right;" |51,710
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -9,939
| style="text-align:right;" |9.8
| style="text-align:right;" |12.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.3
| −0.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.52
| style="text-align:right;" |960,549
|-
|2013
| style="text-align:right;" |4,233,922
| style="text-align:right;" |39,939
| style="text-align:right;" |50,386
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -10,447
| style="text-align:right;" |9.4
| style="text-align:right;" |11.9
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.5
| −0.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.47
| style="text-align:right;" |949,241
|-
|2014
| style="text-align:right;" |4,201,598
| style="text-align:right;" |39,566
| style="text-align:right;" |50,839
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -11,273
| style="text-align:right;" |9.4
| style="text-align:right;" |12.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.7
| −1.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.48
| style="text-align:right;" |936,294
|-
|2015
| style="text-align:right;" |4,151,725
| style="text-align:right;" |37,503
| style="text-align:right;" |54,205
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -16,702
| 9.0
| style="text-align:right;" |13.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4.0
| −4.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.43
| style="text-align:right;" |917,853
|-
|2016
| style="text-align:right;" |4,106,867
| style="text-align:right;" |37,537
| style="text-align:right;" |51,542
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -14,005
| style="text-align:right;" |9.1
| style="text-align:right;" |12.6
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.4
| −3.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.46
| style="text-align:right;" |898,385
|-
|2017
| style="text-align:right;" |4,041,407
| style="text-align:right;" |36,556
| style="text-align:right;" |53,477
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -16,921
| style="text-align:right;" |9.0
| style="text-align:right;" |13.2
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4.2
| −8.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.47
| style="text-align:right;" |872,669
|-
|2018
| style="text-align:right;" |3,988,775
| style="text-align:right;" |36,945
| style="text-align:right;" |52,706
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,761
| style="text-align:right;" |9.3
| style="text-align:right;" |13.2
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4.0
| −5.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.53
| style="text-align:right;" |850,224
|-
|2019
| style="text-align:right;" |3,949,390
| style="text-align:right;" |36,135
| style="text-align:right;" |51,794
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,659
| style="text-align:right;" |9.1
| style="text-align:right;" |13.1
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4.0
| −1.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.54
| style="text-align:right;" |830,836
|-
|2020
| 3,914,206
| 35,845
| 57,023
| style="color:red" | -21,178
| 9.2
| 14.6
| style="color:red" | -5.4
| 0.9
| 1.57
| 815,720
|-
|2021
| 3,878,981
| 36,508
| style="color:red" |62,712
| style="color:red" | -26,204
| 9.4
| 16.2
| style="color:red" | -6.8
| style=" color:red"|−35.2
| 1.62
| 804,303
|-
|2022
| 3,855,641
| 33,883
| 56,979
| style="color:red" | -23,096
| 8.8
| 14.8
| style="color:red" | -6.0
| −0.1
| 1.53
| 794,595
|-
|2023
| 3,859,686
| 32,170
| 51,275
| style="color:red" | -19,105
| style="color:red" |8.3
| 13.3
| style="color:red" | -4.9
| style=" color:blue"|4.4
|1.46
| style="color:red" |792,162
|-
|2024
| 
| style="color:red" |31,858
| 51,118
| style="color:red" | -19,260
| style="color:red" |
| 
| style="color:red" | 
| 
| 
| style="color:red" |
|-
|}

===Current vital statistics===
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/media/meehktks/msi-stanovnistvo.xlsx|title=Natural Change in Population – Provisional Data}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January–April 2024'''
| 10,535
| 18,389
| -7,854
|-
| '''January–April 2025'''
| 10,271
| 18,499
| -8 228
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -264 (-2.51%)
| {{increasenegative}} +110 (+0.60%)
| {{decrease}} -374
|}

===Total fertility rates by counties===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_find3__custom_11217538/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
![[Counties of Croatia|Counties]]
!TFR
|-
|{{flag|Bjelovar-Bilogora}}
|1.87
|-
|{{flag|Međimurje}}
|1.84
|-
|{{flag|Požega-Slavonia}}
|1.71
|-
|{{flag|Šibenik-Knin}}
|1.71
|-
|{{flag|Brod-Posavina}}
|1.68
|-
|{{flag|Vukovar-Srijem}}
|1.64
|-
|{{flag|Zadar}}
|1.64
|-
|{{flag|Koprivnica-Križevci}}
|1.64
|-
|{{flag|Lika-Senj}}
|1.61
|-
|{{flag|Sisak-Moslavina}}
|1.60
|-
|{{flag|Dubrovnik-Neretva}}
|1.57
|-
|{{flag|Krapina-Zagorje}}
|1.54
|-
|{{flag|Osijek-Baranja}}
|1.51
|-
|{{flag|Split-Dalmatia}}
|1.50
|-
|{{flag|Virovitica-Podravina}}
|1.47
|-
|{{flag|Varaždin}}
|1.44
|-
|{{flag|Zagreb}}
|1.43
|-
|{{flag|Karlovac}}
|1.41
|-
|{{flag|Istria County|name=Istria}}
|1.40
|-
|{{flag|Primorje-Gorski Kotar}}
|1.31
|}

===Structure of the population===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IV.2011):<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 2 066 335
| align="right" | 2 218 554 
| align="right" | 4 284 889
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 109 251
| align="right" | 103 458
| align="right" | 212 709
| align="right" | 4.96
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 104 841 
| align="right" | 99 476
| align="right" | 204 317
| align="right" | 4.77
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 120 633
| align="right" | 114 769
| align="right" | 235 402
| align="right" | 5.49
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 124 918
| align="right" | 119 259
| align="right" | 244 177
| align="right" | 5.70
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 133 455
| align="right" | 128 203
| align="right" | 261 658
| align="right" | 6.11
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 147 416
| align="right" | 141 650
| align="right" | 289 066
| align="right" | 6.75
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 149 998
| align="right" | 144 621
| align="right" | 294 619
| align="right" | 6.88
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 143 984
| align="right" | 140 770 
| align="right" | 284 754
| align="right" | 6.65
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 143 603
| align="right" | 143 330
| align="right" | 286 933
| align="right" | 6.70
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 152 446
| align="right" | 155 115
| align="right" | 307 561
| align="right" | 7.18
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 157 981
| align="right" | 162 521
| align="right" | 320 502
| align="right" | 7.48
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 153 750
| align="right" | 158 068
| align="right" | 311 818
| align="right" | 7.28
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 127 851
| align="right" | 144 889
| align="right" | 272 740
| align="right" | 6.37
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 89 364
| align="right" | 112 638
| align="right" | 202 002
| align="right" | 4.71
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 88 912
| align="right" | 123 489
| align="right" | 212 401
| align="right" | 4.96
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 66 456
| align="right" | 109 070
| align="right" | 175 526
| align="right" | 4.10
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 35 999
| align="right" | 72 105
| align="right" | 108 104
| align="right" | 2.52
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 12 415
| align="right" | 35 226
| align="right" | 47 641
| align="right" | 1.11
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 2 580 
| align="right" | 8 178
| align="right" | 10 758
| align="right" | 0.25
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 446
| align="right" | 1 557
| align="right" | 2 003
| align="right" | 0.05
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 36
| align="right" | 162
| align="right" | 198
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 334 725
| align="right" | 317 703
| align="right" | 652 428
| align="right" | 15.23
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 1 435 402
| align="right" | 1 438 426
| align="right" | 2 873 828
| align="right" | 67.07
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 296 208
| align="right" | 462 425
| align="right" | 758 633
| align="right" | 17.70
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021):<ref name="auto"/>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 964 930
| align="right" | 2 071 425 
| align="right" | 4 036 355
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 93 094
| align="right" | 88 456
| align="right" | 181 550
| align="right" | 4.50
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 98 610 
| align="right" | 92 382
| align="right" | 190 992
| align="right" | 4.73
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 103 861
| align="right" | 98 484
| align="right" | 202 345
| align="right" | 5.01
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 100 760
| align="right" | 95 080
| align="right" | 195 840
| align="right" | 4.85
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 121 362
| align="right" | 111 639
| align="right" | 233 001
| align="right" | 5.77
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 124 266
| align="right" | 113 882
| align="right" | 238 148
| align="right" | 5.90
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 129 589
| align="right" | 120 925
| align="right" | 250 514
| align="right" | 6.21
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 142 764
| align="right" | 134 641
| align="right" | 277 405
| align="right" | 6.87
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 143 900
| align="right" | 136 684
| align="right" | 280 584
| align="right" | 6.95
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 137 002
| align="right" | 132 354
| align="right" | 269 356
| align="right" | 6.67
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 135 156
| align="right" | 136 496
| align="right" | 271 652
| align="right" | 6.73
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 139 894
| align="right" | 147 579
| align="right" | 287 473
| align="right" | 7.12
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 139 203
| align="right" | 153 445
| align="right" | 292 648
| align="right" | 7.25
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 126 789
| align="right" | 144 282
| align="right" | 271 071
| align="right" | 6.72
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 94 333
| align="right" | 124 596
| align="right" | 218 929
| align="right" | 5.42
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 59 495
| align="right" | 91 040
| align="right" | 150 535
| align="right" | 3.73
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 46 485
| align="right" | 82 214
| align="right" | 128 699
| align="right" | 3.19
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 21 993
| align="right" | 48 425
| align="right" | 70 418
| align="right" | 1.74
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 5 737
| align="right" | 15 973
| align="right" | 21 710
| align="right" | 0.54
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 619 
| align="right" | 2 734
| align="right" | 3 353
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 18
| align="right" | 114
| align="right" | 132
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 295 565
| align="right" | 279 322
| align="right" | 574 887
| align="right" | 14.24
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 1 313 896
| align="right" | 1 282 725
| align="right" | 2 596 621
| align="right" | 64.33
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 355 469
| align="right" | 509 378
| align="right" | 864 847
| align="right" | 21.43
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Marriages and divorces==

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! style="width:40pt;" |
! style="width:60pt;" |Average population
! style="width:60pt;" |Marriages
! style="width:60pt;" |Divorces
! style="width:60pt;" |Crude marriage rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Crude divorce rate (per 1000)
! style="width:60pt;" |Divorces per 1000 marriages
|-
|'''1950'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3,850,991
| style="text-align:right;" |'''38,163'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,137'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.9
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''82.2'''
|-
|'''1951'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3,881,986
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,079'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''2,947'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.0
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''84.0'''
|-
|'''1952'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3,912,983
| style="text-align:right;" |'''39,492'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,175'''
| style="text-align:right;" |10.1
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''80.4'''
|-
|'''1953'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3,945,997
| style="text-align:right;" |'''37,022'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,924'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''106.0'''
|-
|'''1954'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3,978,125
| style="text-align:right;" |'''40,715'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,854'''
| style="text-align:right;" |10.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''94.7'''
|-
|'''1955'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,013,015
| style="text-align:right;" |'''39,219'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,499'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''114.7'''
|-
|'''1956'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,039,992
| style="text-align:right;" |'''38,677'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,419'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''114.3'''
|-
|'''1957'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,067,005
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,627'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,746'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''129.6'''
|-
|'''1958'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,088,987
| style="text-align:right;" |'''37,359'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,272'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''141.1'''
|-
|'''1959'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,114,979
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,651'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,053'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''137.9'''
|-
|'''1960'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,140,181
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,761'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,811'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''130.9'''
|-
|'''1961'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,167,292
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,634'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,057'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''138.0'''
|-
|'''1962'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,196,712
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,149'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,883'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''135.1'''
|-
|'''1963'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,225,675
| style="text-align:right;" |'''33,976'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,114'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''150.5'''
|-
|'''1964'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,252,876
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,965'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,217'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''145.1'''
|-
|'''1965'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,280,923
| style="text-align:right;" |'''38,474'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,663'''
| style="text-align:right;" |9.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''147.2'''
|-
|'''1966'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,701
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,896'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,390'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''146.1'''
|-
|'''1967'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,338,683
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,815'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,861'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''135.7'''
|-
|'''1968'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,365,628
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,447'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,891'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''138.0'''
|-
|'''1969'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,391,490
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,466'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,474'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''154.3'''
|-
|'''1970'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,412,252
| style="text-align:right;" |'''37,319'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,333'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''142.9'''
|-
|'''1971'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,431,275
| style="text-align:right;" |'''37,701'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,427'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''143.9'''
|-
|'''1972'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,450,564
| style="text-align:right;" |'''37,779'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,567'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''147.4'''
|-
|'''1973'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,470,161
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,967'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,781'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''156.4'''
|-
|'''1974'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,490,660
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,034'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,331'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.4
| style="text-align:right;" |'''175.7'''
|-
|'''1975'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,512,082
| style="text-align:right;" |'''36,290'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,928'''
| style="text-align:right;" |8.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''163.4'''
|-
|'''1976'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,535,934
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,019'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,099'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''174.2'''
|-
|'''1977'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,559,571
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,524'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,511'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''155.1'''
|-
|'''1978'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,581,085
| style="text-align:right;" |'''35,629'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,959'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''167.3'''
|-
|'''1979'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,594,778
| style="text-align:right;" |'''34,041'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,036'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''147.9'''
|-
|'''1980'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,599,782
| style="text-align:right;" |'''33,310'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,342'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''160.4'''
|-
|'''1981'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,611,509
| style="text-align:right;" |'''33,855'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,704'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''168.5'''
|-
|'''1982'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,634,234
| style="text-align:right;" |'''33,143'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,355'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''161.6'''
|-
|'''1983'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,658,254
| style="text-align:right;" |'''33,135'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,263'''
| style="text-align:right;" |7.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''158.8'''
|-
|'''1984'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,680,285
| style="text-align:right;" |'''32,161'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,295'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''164.6'''
|-
|'''1985'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,701,417
| style="text-align:right;" |'''30,953'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,375'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''173.7'''
|-
|'''1986'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,721,446
| style="text-align:right;" |'''30,495'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,946'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''195.0'''
|-
|'''1987'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,739,745
| style="text-align:right;" |'''31,395'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,577'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''177.6'''
|-
|'''1988'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,755,207
| style="text-align:right;" |'''29,719'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,647'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''190.0'''
|-
|'''1989'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,767,260
| style="text-align:right;" |'''28,938'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,369'''
| style="text-align:right;" |6.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''185.5'''
|-
|'''1990'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,777,368
| style="text-align:right;" |'''27,924'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,466'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''195.7'''
|-
|'''1991'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,733,938
| style="text-align:right;" |'''21,583'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,877'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''226.0'''
|-
|'''1992'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,690,509
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,169'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,676'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.7
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''165.8'''
|-
|'''1993'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,647,079
| style="text-align:right;" |'''23,021'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,667'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''202.7'''
|-
|'''1994'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,603,649
| style="text-align:right;" |'''23,966'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,630'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''193.2'''
|-
|'''1995'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,560,220
| style="text-align:right;" |'''24,385'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,236'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.3
| style="text-align:right;" |0.9
| style="text-align:right;" |'''173.7'''
|-
|'''1996'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,516,790
| style="text-align:right;" |'''24,596'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,612'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.4
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''146.9'''
|-
|'''1997'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,473,361
| style="text-align:right;" |'''24,517'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,899'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.5
| style="text-align:right;" |0.9
| style="text-align:right;" |'''159.0'''
|-
|'''1998'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,429,931
| style="text-align:right;" |'''24,243'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,962'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.5
| style="text-align:right;" |0.9
| style="text-align:right;" |'''163.4'''
|-
|'''1999'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,386,501
| style="text-align:right;" |'''23,778'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''3,721'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.4
| style="text-align:right;" |0.8
| style="text-align:right;" |'''156.5'''
|-
|'''2000'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,343,072
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,017'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,419'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''200.7'''
|-
|'''2001'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,299,642
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,076'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,670'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''211.5'''
|-
|'''2002'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,302,174
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,806'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,496'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.0
| style="text-align:right;" |'''197.1'''
|-
|'''2003'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,303,399
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,337'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,934'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''220.9'''
|-
|'''2004'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,304,600
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,700'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,985'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.3
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''219.6'''
|-
|'''2005'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,145
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,138'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,883'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''220.6'''
|-
|'''2006'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,311,159
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,092'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,651'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.1
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''210.5'''
|-
|'''2007'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,310,217
| style="text-align:right;" |'''23,140'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,785'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.1
| style="text-align:right;" |'''206.8'''
|-
|'''2008'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,309,705
| style="text-align:right;" |'''23,373'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,025'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.4
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''215.0'''
|-
|'''2009'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,305,181
| style="text-align:right;" |'''22,382'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,076'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.2
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''226.8'''
|-
|'''2010'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,295,427
| style="text-align:right;" |'''21,294'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,058'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5.0
| style="text-align:right;" |1.2
| style="text-align:right;" |'''237.5'''
|-
|'''2011'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,280,622
| style="text-align:right;" |'''20,211'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,662'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''280.1'''
|-
|'''2012'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,267,558
| style="text-align:right;" |'''20,323'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,659'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.8
| style="text-align:right;" |1.3
| style="text-align:right;" |'''278.5'''
|-
|'''2013'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,255,689
| style="text-align:right;" |'''19,169'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,992'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.5
| style="text-align:right;" |1.4
| style="text-align:right;" |'''312.6'''
|-
|'''2014'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,238,389
| style="text-align:right;" |'''19,501'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,570'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.6
| style="text-align:right;" |1.6
| style="text-align:right;" |'''336.9'''
|-
|'''2015'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,203,604
| style="text-align:right;" |'''19,834'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,010'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.7
| style="text-align:right;" |1.4
| style="text-align:right;" |'''303.0'''
|-
|'''2016'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,174,349
| style="text-align:right;" |'''20,467'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''7,036'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.7
| style="text-align:right; color:red;" |'''343.8'''
|-
|'''2017'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4,124,531
| style="text-align:right;" |'''20,310'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,265'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4.9
| style="text-align:right;" |1.5
| style="text-align:right;" |'''308.5'''
|-
|'''2018 '''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4,087,843'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''19,921'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''6,125'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''4.9'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''1.5'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''307.5'''
|-
|'''2019'''
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |'''19,761'''
| style="text-align:right;" |'''5,936'''
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |'''300.4'''
|-
|}

==Ethnic groups==
[[File:Croatia ethnicities 2021.svg|thumb|300x300px|Ethnic structure of Croatia in 2021.]]
[[File:Croatia 2021 Census Non-Croat Population Map.png|thumb|Municipalities and cities in Croatia per percentage of residents declaring ethnicity other than Croat in 2021 census (including undeclared and unknown).]]
Ethnic map of [[Croatia]] by municipalities (2021)

Croatia is inhabited mostly by [[Croats]] (91.63%), while minority groups include: [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]] (3.2%), [[Bosniaks of Croatia|Bosniaks]], [[Hungarians of Croatia|Hungarians]], [[Italians of Croatia|Italians]], [[Albanians of Croatia|Albanians]], [[Slovenes of Croatia|Slovenes]], [[Germans of Croatia|Germans]], [[Czechs of Croatia|Czechs]], [[Romani people in Croatia|Roma]] and others (less than 1% each).<ref name="census2011-ethnorelig">{{Croatian Census 2011 | url = http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/E01_01_12/E01_01_12.html | title = 4. Population by ethnicity and religion | access-date = 2012-12-17}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Croatia|Constitution of the Republic of Croatia]] explicitly identifies 22 minorities. Those are Serbs, Czechs, [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]], Italians, [[Istro-Romanians]] ("[[Vlachs in the history of Croatia|Vlachs]]"), Hungarians, [[Jews of Croatia|Jews]], Germans, [[Austrians of Croatia|Austrians]], [[Ukrainians]], [[Romanians of Croatia|Romanians]], [[Ruthenians]], [[Macedonians of Croatia|Macedonians]], Bosniaks, Slovenes, [[Montenegrins of Croatia|Montenegrins]], [[Russians of Croatia|Russians]], [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Bulgarians]], [[Poles of Croatia|Poles]], Roma, [[Turks in Croatia|Turks]] and Albanians.<ref name="Ustav-RH"/>

===1900–1931===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Population of the present territory of Croatia according to ethnic group 1900–1931<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kocsis |first1=Károly |last2=Hodosi |first2=Eszter |date=1998 |title=Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin |url=http://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/kiadv/Ethnic_geography.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505172921/http://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/kiadv/Ethnic_geography.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-05 |url-status=live |location=Budapest |publisher= Geographical Research Institute, Research Centre For Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences |page=171 |isbn=9637395849}}</ref>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | census 1900
! colspan="2" | census 1910
! colspan="2" | census 1921
! colspan="2" | census 1931
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Croats]]
| align="right" | 2,159,888
| align="right" | 68.3
| align="right" | 2,371,634
| align="right" | 68.5
| align="right" | 2,374,752
| align="right" | 68.9
| align="right" | 2,641,144
| align="right" | 69.8
|-
| [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]]
| align="right" | 548,302
| align="right" | 17.3
| align="right" | 575,922
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" | 584,058
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" | 636,518
| align="right" | 16.8
|-
| [[Italians of Croatia|Italians]]
| align="right" | 140,365
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 155,749
| align="right" | 4.5
| align="right" | 210,336
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 230,000
| align="right" | 6.1
|-
| [[Germans of Croatia|Germans]]
| align="right" | 115,948
| align="right" | 3.7
| align="right" | 119,587
| align="right" | 3.5
| align="right" | 99,808
| align="right" | 2.9
| align="right" | 99,670
| align="right" | 2.6
|-
| [[Hungarians of Croatia|Hungarians]]
| align="right" | 101,617
| align="right" | 3.2
| align="right" | 121,408
| align="right" | 3.5
| align="right" | 81,835
| align="right" | 2.4
| align="right" | 69,671
| align="right" | 1.8
|-
| [[Slovenes of Croatia|Slovenes]]
| align="right" | 28,485
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 28,179
| align="right" | 0.8
| align="right" | 32,023
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 37,143
| align="right" | 1.0
|-
| [[Czechs of Croatia|Czechs]]
| align="right" | 31,484
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 31,479
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | 42,444
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 37,366
| align="right" | –
|-
| [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]]
| align="right" | 7,660
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,807
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | 7,172
| align="right" | –
|-
| Ruthenians / Ukrainians<br />{{small|(see [[Pannonian Rusyns]])}}
| align="right" | 2,075
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 5,596
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | 3,883
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,242
| align="right" | –
|-
| Others
| align="right" | 24,582
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 40,840
| align="right" | 2.6
| align="right" | 18,455
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 18,964
| align="right" | 1.8
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total
! colspan="2" | 3,160,406
! colspan="2" | 3,460,201
! colspan="2" | 3,447,594
! colspan="2" | 3,785,455
|}

===1948–2021===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Population of Croatia according to ethnic group 1948–2021<sup>1</sup>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | census 1948
! colspan="2" | census 1953
! colspan="2" | census 1961
! colspan="2" | census 1971
! colspan="2" | census 1981
! colspan="2" | census 1991
! colspan="2" | census 2001
! colspan="2" | census 2011
! colspan="2" |census 2021
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
! %
|-
| [[Croats]]
| align="right" | 2,975,399
| align="right" | 79.2
| align="right" | 3,117,513
| align="right" | 79.6
| align="right" | 3,339,841
| align="right" | 80.3
| align="right" | 3,513,647
| align="right" | 79.4
| align="right" | 3,454,661
| align="right" | 75.1
| align="right" | 3,736,356
| align="right" | 78.1
| align="right" | {{font color|blue|3,977,171}}
| align="right" | 89.6
| align="right" | 3,874,321
| align="right" | 90.4
| align="right" | 3,547,614
| align="right" | 91.6
|-
| [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]]
| align="right" | 543,795
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 588,411
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 624,985
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 626,789
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 531,502
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 581,663
| align="right" | 12.2
| align="right" | 201,631
| align="right" | 4.5
| align="right" | 186,633
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 123,892
| align="right" | 3.2
|-
| [[Bosniaks of Croatia|Bosniaks]]
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 1,077
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.0
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 16,185
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.4
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 3,113
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.1
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 18,457
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.4
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 23,740
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.5
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 43,459
| align="right" rowspan="2" | 0.9
| align="right" | 20,755
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 31,479
| align="right" | 0.7
| align="right" | 24,131
| align="right" | 0.6
|-
| [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]]
| align="right" | 19,677
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 7,558
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 3,902
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Italians of Croatia|Italians]]
| align="right" | 76,093
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 33,316
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 21,103
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 17,433
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 11,661
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 21,303
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 19,636
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 17,807
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 13,763
| align="right" | 0.4
|-
| [[Albanians of Croatia|Albanians]]
| align="right" | 635
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 1,001
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 2,126
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,175
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 6,006
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 12,032
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 15,082
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 17,513
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 13,817
| align="right" | 0.4
|-
| [[Romani people in Croatia|Roma]]
| align="right" | 405
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 1,261
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 313
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 1,257
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 3,858
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 6,695
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 9,463
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 16,975
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 17,980
| align="right" | 0.5
|-
| [[Hungarians of Croatia|Hungarians]]
| align="right" | 51,399
| align="right" | 1.4
| align="right" | 47,711
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 42,347
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 35,488
| align="right" | 0.8
| align="right" | 25,439
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 22,355
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 16,595
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 14,048
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 10,315
| align="right" | 0.3
|-
| [[Slovenes of Croatia|Slovenes]]
| align="right" | 38,734
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 43,010
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 39,101
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 32,497
| align="right" | 0.7
| align="right" | 25,136
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 22,376
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 13,173
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 10,517
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 7,729
| align="right" | 0.2
|-
| [[Czechs of Croatia|Czechs]]
| align="right" | 28,991
| align="right" | 0.8
| align="right" | 25,954
| align="right" | 0.7
| align="right" | 23,391
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 19,001
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 15,061
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 13,086
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 10,510
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,641
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 7,862
| align="right" | 0.2
|-
| [[Montenegrins of Croatia|Montenegrins]]
| align="right" | 2,871
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 5,128
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 7,465
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,706
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,818
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,724
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 4,926
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,517
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,127
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Macedonians of Croatia|Macedonians]]
| align="right" | 1,387
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 2,385
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,381
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 5,625
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 5,362
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 6,280
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,270
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,138
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,555
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Yugoslavs]]
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 15,559
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 84,118
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 379,057
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 106,041
| align="right" | 2.2
| align="right" | 176
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 331
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 942
| align="right" | 0.0
|-
| Others/undeclared
| align="right" | 36,021
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 36,942
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 35,971
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 58,028
| align="right" | 1.3
| align="right" | 110,168
| align="right" | 2.4
| align="right" | 246,354
| align="right" | 5.1
| align="right" | 124,395<sup>2</sup>
| align="right" | 2.8
| align="right" | 84,991<sup>3</sup>
| align="right" | 2.0
| align="right" | 93,204<sup>4</sup>
| align="right" | 2.4
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total
! colspan="2" | 3,756,807
! colspan="2" | 3,918,817
! colspan="2" | 4,159,696
! colspan="2" | 4,426,221
! colspan="2" | 4,601,469
! colspan="2" | 4,784,265
! colspan="2" | 4,437,460
! colspan="2" | 4,284,889
! colspan="2" | 3,871,833
|-
| colspan="19" | {{smalldiv|1=<sup>1</sup> Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/usp_03_EN.htm |title=POPULATION BY ETHNICITY, 1971 – 2011 CENSUSES |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
<sup>2</sup> including [[Austrians of Croatia|Austrians]] 247 0.01%, [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Bulgarians]] 331 0.01%, [[Germans of Croatia|Germans]] 2,902 0.07%, [[Jews in Croatia|Jews]] 576 0.01%, [[Poles of Croatia|Poles]] 567 0.01%, [[Romanians of Croatia|Romanians]] 475 0.01%, [[Russians of Croatia|Russians]] 906 0.02%, [[Ruthenians]] 2,337 0.05, [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]] 4,712 0.11% [[Turks in Croatia|Turks]] 300 0.01%, [[Ukrainians]] 1,977 0.04%, [[Koreans]] 211 0.01%, [[Istro-Romanians]] 12 0.00%

<sup>3</sup> including [[Austrians of Croatia|Austrians]] 297 0.01%, [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Bulgarians]] 350 0.01%, [[Germans of Croatia|Germans]] 2,965 0.07%, [[Jews in Croatia|Jews]] 509 0.01%, [[Poles of Croatia|Poles]] 672 0.02%, [[Romanians of Croatia|Romanians]] 435 0.01%, [[Russians of Croatia|Russians]] 1,279 0.03%, [[Ruthenians]] 1,936 0.05, [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]] 4,753 0.11% [[Turks in Croatia|Turks]] 367 0.01%, [[Ukrainians]] 1,878 0.04%, [[Istro-Romanians|Vlachs]] 29 0.00%

<sup>4</sup> including [[Austrians of Croatia|Austrians]] 365 0.01%, [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Bulgarians]] 262 0.01%, [[Germans of Croatia|Germans]] 3,034 0.08%, [[Jews in Croatia|Jews]] 410 0.01%, [[Poles of Croatia|Poles]] 657 0.02%, [[Romanians of Croatia|Romanians]] 337 0.01%, [[Russians of Croatia|Russians]] 1,481 0.04%, [[Ruthenians]] 1,343 0.03, [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]] 3,688 0.10% [[Turks in Croatia|Turks]] 404 0.01%, [[Ukrainians]] 1,905 0.05%, [[Istro-Romanians|Vlachs]] 22 0.00%}}
|}

==Significant migrations==
[[File:Ad-of-croat-cruiser-en-route-to-sth-america.jpg|thumb|right|A 1930s ad for shipping lines to South America]]
[[File:Oficina Estatal de Croatas en el Extranjero, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 01.JPG|thumbnail|State Office for Croats Abroad in Zagreb]]
The demographic history of Croatia is characterised by significant migrations, starting with the arrival of the Croats in the area. According to the work ''[[De Administrando Imperio]]'' written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine VII]], the Croats arrived in the area of modern-day Croatia in the early 7th century. However, that claim is disputed, and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries.<ref name="Mužić-249-293">{{cite book|author=Ivan Mužić|title=Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća|language=hr|url= http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626055557/http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-26 |url-status=live|isbn=978-953-263-034-3|year=2007|publisher=Naklada Bošković|pages=249–293}}</ref> Following the establishment of a [[personal union of Croatia and Hungary]] in 1102,<ref name="HR-HU-Heka">{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173}}</ref> and the joining of the [[Habsburg Empire]] in 1527,<ref name="Povijest-saborovanja">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=404 |title=Povijest saborovanja |language=hr |publisher=[[Sabor]] |access-date=18 October 2010 |archive-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202061135/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=404}}</ref> the Hungarian and German-speaking population of Croatia began gradually increasing in number. The processes of [[Magyarization]] and [[Germanization]] varied in intensity but persisted to the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC|title=Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe|author=Piotr Eberhardt|isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5|publisher=[[M.E. Sharpe]]|year=2003|page=266}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Review of Croatian History|publisher=Croatian Institute of History|issn=1845-4380|volume=4|issue=1|date=December 2008|author=Ante Čuvalo|title=Josip Jelačić – Ban of Croatia|pages=13–27|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=77559}}</ref> The [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Ottoman conquests]] initiated a westward migration of parts of the Croatian population;<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Migracijske I Etničke Teme|issn=1333-2546|publisher=Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies|author=Ivan Jurković|language=hr|pages=147–174|title=Klasifikacija hrvatskih raseljenika za trajanja osmanske ugroze (od 1463. do 1593.)|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=11913|volume=19|issue=2–3|date=September 2003}}</ref> the [[Burgenland Croats]] are direct descendants of some of those settlers.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Cultural Association in Burgenland|url=http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr|language=hr|title=Povijest Gradišćanskih Hrvatov|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114132821/http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr}}</ref> To replace the fleeing Croats the Habsburgs called on the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] populations of [[Bosnia]] and [[Serbia]] to provide military service in the [[Croatian Military Frontier]]. Serb migration into this region peaked during the [[Great Serb Migrations]] of 1690 and 1737–39.<ref>{{cite book|author1=[[John R. Lampe]]|author2=Marvin R. Jackson|title=Balkan economic history, 1550–1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations|page= 62|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-253-30368-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtW2axOSn10C}}</ref> Similarly, [[Venetian Republic]] rule in [[Istria]] and in [[Dalmatia]], following the [[Cretan War (1645–1669)|Fifth]] and the [[Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War]]s ushered gradual growth of Italian speaking population in those areas.<ref>{{cite book|author=Frederic Chapin Lane|title=Venice, a Maritime Republic|publisher=JHU Press|year=1973|isbn=978-0-8018-1460-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC|page=409}}</ref> Following the collapse of [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1918, the Hungarian population declined, especially in the areas north of the [[Drava]] river, where they represented the majority before [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC|title=Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe|author=Piotr Eberhardt|isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5|publisher=[[M.E. Sharpe]]|year=2003|pages=288–295}}</ref>

The period between 1890 and World War I was marked by large economic emigration from Croatia to the [[United States]], and particularly to the areas of [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]], and [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Besides the United States, the main destination of the migrants was [[South America]], especially [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], [[Bolivia]] and [[Peru]]. It is estimated that 500,000 people left Croatia during this period. After World War I, the main focus of emigration shifted to [[Canada]], where about 15,000 people settled before the onset of [[World War II]].<ref name="Geografija-migrations">{{cite web|url=http://www.geografija.hr/clanci/1225/iseljavanje-hrvata-u-amerike-te-juznu-afriku|language=hr|title=Iseljavanje Hrvata u Amerike te Južnu Afriku|author=Jelena Lončar|date=22 August 2007|publisher=Croatian Geographic Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825112943/http://www.geografija.hr/clanci/1225/iseljavanje-hrvata-u-amerike-te-juznu-afriku|archive-date=25 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="MVPEI-Canada">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)]]|url=http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi11|title=Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Kanadi|language=hr|access-date=5 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121227213839/http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi11|archive-date=27 December 2012}}</ref> During World War II and in the period immediately following the war, there were further significant demographic changes as the German-speaking population, the [[Volksdeutsche]], were either forced or otherwise compelled to leave—reducing their number from the prewar German population of [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] of 500,000, living in parts of present-day Croatia and Serbia, to the figure of 62,000 recorded in the 1953 census.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Germans and the East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IHAcEB8jh1AC|author1=Charles W. Ingrao|author2=Franz A. J. Szabo|publisher=[[Purdue University Press]]|year=2008|isbn=978-1-55753-443-9|page=357}}</ref>
[[File:VenetianDalmatia1797.jpg|thumb|Austrian linguistic map from 1896. In green the areas where [[Slavs]] were the majority of the population, in orange the areas where [[Istrian Italians]] and [[Dalmatian Italians]] were the majority of the population. The boundaries of [[Venetian Dalmatia]] in 1797 are delimited with blue dots.]]
[[File:Italians leave Pola.jpg|thumb|[[Istrian Italians]] leave [[Pula|Pola]] in 1947 during the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus.]]

After the fall of [[Napoleon]] (1814), Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia were annexed to the [[Austrian Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/lottocento-austriaco/|title=L'ottocento austriaco|date=7 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2021|language=it}}</ref> Many [[Istrian Italians]] and [[Dalmatian Italians]] looked with sympathy towards the [[Risorgimento]] movement that fought for the unification of Italy.<ref name="corsadelricordo">{{cite web|url=http://www.corsadelricordo.it/la-storia|title=Trieste, Istria, Fiume e Dalmazia: una terra contesa|access-date=2 June 2021|language=it}}</ref> However, after the [[Third Italian War of Independence]] (1866), when the [[Veneto]] and [[Friuli]] regions were ceded by the [[Austrian Empire|Austrians]] to the newly formed [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom Italy]], Istria and Dalmatia remained part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic. This triggered the gradual rise of [[Italian irredentism]] among many Italians in Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia, who demanded the unification of the [[Julian March]], [[Kvarner]] and [[Dalmatia]] with Italy. The Italians in Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia supported the Italian [[Risorgimento]]: as a consequence, the Austrians saw the Italians as enemies and favored the Slav communities of Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia.<ref name="ReferenceB">''Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848/1867. V Abteilung: Die Ministerien Rainer und Mensdorff. VI Abteilung: Das Ministerium Belcredi'', Wien, Österreichischer Bundesverlag für Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst 1971</ref>

During the meeting of the Council of Ministers of 12 November 1866, Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] outlined a wide-ranging project aimed at the [[Germanization]] or [[Slavization]] of the areas of the empire with an Italian presence:<ref>''Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848/1867. V Abteilung: Die Ministerien Rainer und Mensdorff. VI Abteilung: Das Ministerium Belcredi'', Wien, Österreichischer Bundesverlag für Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst 1971, vol. 2, p. 297. Citazione completa della fonte e traduzione in Luciano Monzali, ''Italiani di Dalmazia. Dal Risorgimento alla Grande Guerra'', Le Lettere, Firenze 2004, p. 69.)</ref>

{{blockquote|text=His Majesty expressed the precise order that action be taken decisively against the influence of the Italian elements still present in some regions of the Crown and, appropriately occupying the posts of public, judicial, masters employees as well as with the influence of the press, work in [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol|South Tyrol]], [[Dalmatia]] and [[Austrian Littoral|Littoral]] for the Germanization and Slavization of these territories according to the circumstances, with energy and without any regard. His Majesty calls the central offices to the strong duty to proceed in this way to what has been established.|author=|source=Franz Joseph I of Austria, Council of the Crown of 12 November 1866<ref name="ReferenceB">''Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848/1867. V Abteilung: Die Ministerien Rainer und Mensdorff. VI Abteilung: Das Ministerium Belcredi'', Wien, Österreichischer Bundesverlag für Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst 1971</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Jürgen Baurmann, Hartmut Gunther and Ulrich Knoop| title=Homo scribens : Perspektiven der Schriftlichkeitsforschung | year= 1993 |isbn= 3484311347|page=279| publisher=Walter de Gruyter |language=de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3tCTXoeAysC&pg=279}}</ref>}}

[[Istrian Italians]] made up about a third of the population in Istria in 1900.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Istria | volume= 14 | pages = 886–887 |short= 1}}</ref> Dalmatia, especially its maritime cities, once had a substantial local ethnic Italian population ([[Dalmatian Italians]]). In Dalmatia, there was a constant decline in the Italian population, in a context of repression that also took on violent connotations.<ref>{{cite book|author=Raimondo Deranez|url=http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/bombardieritesti/particolari_dalmazia.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209103555/http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/bombardieritesti/particolari_dalmazia.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2012|title=Particolari del martirio della Dalmazia|publisher=Stabilimento Tipografico dell'Ordine|location=Ancona|year=1919|language=it}}</ref> During this period, Austrians carried out an aggressive [[anti-Italian]] policy through a forced Slavization of Dalmatia.<ref>{{cite book|title= La campagna del 1866 nei documenti militari austriaci: operazioni terrestri|publisher= [[University of Padova]] |author= Angelo Filipuzzi|page=396|year=1966|language=it}}{{No ISBN}}</ref> According to Austrian census, the Dalmatian Italians formed 12.5% of the population in 1865.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Peričić|first=Šime|date=2003-09-19|title=O broju Talijana/talijanaša u Dalmaciji XIX. stoljeća|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/12136|journal=Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru|language=hr|issue=45|pages=342|issn=1330-0474}}</ref> In the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, Istria had a population of 57.8% Slavic-speakers (Croat and Slovene), and 38.1% Italian speakers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank |title=Spezialortsrepertorium der österreichischen Länder I-XII, Wien, 1915–1919 |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529164005/http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank |url-status=dead }}</ref> For the Austrian [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]], (i.e. [[Dalmatia]]), the 1910 numbers were 96.2% Slavic speakers and 2.8% Italian speakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omm1910.hu/?/de/datenbank|title=Spezialortsrepertorium der österreichischen Länder I-XII, Wien, 1915–1919|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529164005/http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank|archive-date=2013-05-29}}</ref> In [[Rijeka]] the Italians were the relative majority in the municipality (48.61% in 1910), and in addition to the large Croatian community (25.95% in the same year), there was also a fair Hungarian minority (13.03%). According to the official Croatian census of 2011, there are {{formatnum:2445}} Italians in Rijeka (equal to 1.9% of the total population).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm|title=Croatian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

The Italian population in Dalmatia was concentrated in the major coastal cities. In the city of [[Split, Croatia|Split]] in 1890 there were {{formatnum:1969}} Dalmatian Italians (12.5% of the population), in [[Zadar]] {{formatnum:7423}} (64.6%), in [[Šibenik]] {{formatnum:1018}} (14.5%), in [[Kotor]] {{formatnum:623}} (18.7%) and in [[Dubrovnik]] {{formatnum:331}} (4.6%).<ref>Guerrino Perselli, ''I censimenti della popolazione dell'Istria, con Fiume e Trieste e di alcune città della Dalmazia tra il 1850 e il 1936'', Centro di Ricerche Storiche – Rovigno, Unione Italiana – Fiume, Università Popolare di Trieste, Trieste-Rovigno, 1993</ref> In other Dalmatian localities, according to Austrian censuses, Dalmatian Italians experienced a sudden decrease: in the twenty years 1890–1910, in [[Rab (island)|Rab]] they went from 225 to 151, in [[Vis (island)|Vis]] from 352 to 92, in [[Pag (island)|Pag]] from 787 to 23, completely disappearing in almost all the inland locations.

The [[Istrian–Dalmatian exodus]] ({{Langx|it|esodo giuliano dalmata}}; {{Langx|sl|istrsko-dalmatinski eksodus}}; {{Langx|hr|istarsko-dalmatinski egzodus}}) was the post-[[World War II]] exodus and departure of local ethnic [[Italians]] ([[Istrian Italians]] and [[Dalmatian Italians]]) as well as ethnic [[Croats]] from [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. The emigrants, who had lived in the now Yugoslav territories of the [[Julian March]] ([[Karst Region]] and [[Istria]]), [[Kvarner]] and [[Dalmatia]], largely went to [[Italy]], but some joined the [[Italian diaspora]] in the [[Americas]], [[Australia]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="rainews">{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/giorno-ricordo-10-febbraio-2004-2014-dieci-anni-strage-foibe-eccidio-tito-comunisti-slavi-esodo-giuliano-dalmata-77ba65a1-a1e5-460e-bb57-946819b4b905.html|title=Il Giorno del Ricordo|date=10 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2021|language=it}}</ref><ref name="ilgiornale">{{cite web|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/spettacoli/lesodo-giuliano-dalmata-e-quegli-italiani-fuga-che-nacquero-1639585.html|title=L'esodo giuliano-dalmata e quegli italiani in fuga che nacquero due volte|date=5 February 2019 |access-date=24 January 2023|language=it}}</ref> According to various sources, the exodus is estimated to have amounted to between 230,000 and 350,000 Italians (the others being ethnic Slovenes and Croats who chose to maintain [[Italian citizenship]])<ref>{{cite web |first=Benedetta |last=Tobagi |url=http://www.treccani.it/scuola/lezioni/storia/la_repubblica_italiana.html |title=La Repubblica italiana &#124; Treccani, il portale del sapere |publisher=Treccani.it |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> leaving the areas in the aftermath of the conflict.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_VCBtYq1H4C&pg=PA11|title=Istria|page=11|author1=Thammy Evans  |author2=Rudolf Abraham |year=2013|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=9781841624457|name-list-style=amp }}</ref><ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html|title=Election Opens Old Wounds in Trieste|author=James M. Markham|date=6 June 1987|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> According to the census organized in [[Croatia]] in 2001 and that organized in [[Slovenia]] in 2002, the Italians who remained in the former [[Yugoslavia]] amounted to 21,894 people (2,258 [[Italian language in Slovenia|in Slovenia]] and 19,636 [[Italians of Croatia|in Croatia]]).<ref name="dzs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_02_02/E01_02_02.html|title=Državni Zavod za Statistiku|language=hr|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="stat">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.si/Popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7|title=Popis 2002|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> The number of speakers of Italian is larger if taking into account non-Italians who speak it as a second language.

In addition, since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, a significant portion of the population of Istria opted for a regional declaration in the census instead of a national one. As such, more people have Italian as a first language than those having declared Italian. In 2001, about 500 Dalmatian Italians were counted in Dalmatia. In particular, according to the official Croatian census of 2011, there are 83 Dalmatian Italians in [[Split, Croatia|Split]] (equal to 0.05% of the total population), 16 in [[Šibenik]] (0.03%) and 27 in [[Dubrovnik]] (0.06%).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_04/E01_01_04_zup17.html|title = Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> According to the official Croatian census of 2021, there are 63 Dalmatian Italians in [[Zadar]] (equal to 0.09% of the total population).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_04/E01_01_04_zup13.html|title = Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> According to the official Montenegrin census of 2011, there are 31 Dalmatian Italians in [[Kotor]] (equal to 0.14% of the total population).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf|title=STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NACIONALNOJ, ODNOSNO ETNIČKOJ PRIPADNOSTI PO OPŠTINAMA |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>

The 1940s and the 1950s in Yugoslavia were marked by colonisation of settlements where the displaced Germans used to live by people from the mountainous parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and [[Montenegro]], and migrations to larger cities spurred on by the development of industry.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Ljubljana]]|url=http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/wwwrepe/20th/Migrations%20in%20the%20territory.pdf|title=Migrations in the territory of former Yugoslavia from 1945 until present time|access-date=5 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011317/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/wwwrepe/20th/Migrations%20in%20the%20territory.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> {{failed verification|date=March 2013}} In the 1960s and 1970s, another wave of economic migrants left Croatia. They largely moved to Canada, [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Western Europe]]. During this period, 65,000 people left for Canada,<ref name="MVPEI-Canada"/> and by the mid-1970s there were 150,000 Croats who moved to Australia.<ref name="MVPEI-Australia">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)|url=http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi02|title=Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Australiji|language=hr|access-date=5 November 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217225537/http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi02|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Particularly large European emigrant communities of Croats exist in [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and [[Switzerland]], which largely stem from the 1960s and 1970s migrations.<ref name="MVPEI-Diaspora">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)|url=http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi00|title=Stanje hrvatskih iseljenika i njihovih potomaka u inozemstvu|language=hr|access-date=5 November 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217160006/http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi00|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A series of significant migrations came as a result of the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence. In 1991, more than 400,000 Croats and other non-Serbs were displaced by the Croatian Serb forces or fled the violence in areas with significant Serb populations.<ref name="United Nations"/> During the final days of the war, in 1995, between 120,000<ref name="Erlanger"/> and 200,000 Serbs<ref name="Prodger"/> fled the country following the [[Operation Storm]]. Ten years after the war, only a small portion of Serb refugees returned out of the 400,000 displaced during the entire war.<ref name="OSCE-Reform"/> Most of the Serbs in Croatia who remained never lived in areas occupied during the Croatian War of Independence. Serbs have been only partially re-settled in the regions they previously inhabited; some of these areas were later settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="Index-Cro-Refugees"/><ref name="PresidentRH-refugees"/>

Significant migrations have been happening after the [[accession of Croatia to the European Union]], with a persistent growth since 2013, and the population leaving is largely younger and more educated.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/anketa-biste-li-voljeli-da-vam-dijete-ode-na-rad-u-inozemstvo---539013.html | language = hr | work = [[Dnevnik Nove TV]] | title = U jednoj godini Hrvatsku napustilo gotovo 50.000 ljudi: "Odlaze mladi i obrazovani ljudi koji imaju djecu, obitelj i – posao!" | date = 31 January 2019 | access-date = 15 December 2022 }}</ref>

===Demographic losses in the 20th century wars and pandemics===
In addition to demographic losses through significant migrations, the population of Croatia suffered significant losses due to wars and epidemics. In the 20th century alone, there were several such events. The first was World War I, when the loss of the population of Croatia amounted to an estimated 190,000 persons, or about 5.5% of the total population recorded by the 1910 census.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Jutarnji list]] |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/atraktivan-vodic-kroz-zaboravljeni-i-davno-izgubljeni-rat/166497/ |language=hr |title=Atraktivan vodič kroz zaboravljeni i davno izgubljeni rat|date=15 December 2006 |author=Ivica Radoš|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912220236/http://www.jutarnji.hr/atraktivan-vodic-kroz-zaboravljeni-i-davno-izgubljeni-rat/166497/ |archive-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> The [[1918 flu pandemic]] started to take its toll in Croatia in July 1918, with peaks of the disease occurring in October and November. Available data is scarce, but it is estimated that the pandemic caused at least 15,000–20,000 deaths.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest|issn=0353-295X|publisher=[[University of Zagreb]], Faculty of Philosophy, Croatian History Institute|volume=38|issue=1|date=November 2006|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=79285|author=Goran Hutinec|language=hr|title=Odjeci epidemije "španjolske gripe" 1918. godine u hrvatskoj javnosti|pages=227–242}}</ref> Around 295,000 people were killed on the territory of present-day Croatia during World War II, according to the demographer [[Bogoljub Kočović]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tomasevich|first=Jozo|author-link=Jozo Tomasevich|year=2001|title=War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC|page=738}}</ref> The demise of the armed forces of the [[Independent State of Croatia]] and of the civilians accompanying the troops at the end of World War II was followed by the [[Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators]]. A substantial number of people were executed, but the exact number is disputed. The claims range from 12,000 to 15,000 to as many as 80,000 killed in May 1945.<ref>{{cite book|title=Yugoslavia's ruin: the bloody lessons of nationalism, a patriot's warning|author=Cvijeto Job|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yH3Hz2AXonwC|page=28|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7425-1784-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Balkans: nationalism, war, and the Great Powers, 1804-1999|author=[[Misha Glenny]]|url=https://archive.org/details/balkansnationali00mish|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/balkansnationali00mish/page/530 530]|publisher=Viking|year=2000|isbn=978-0-670-85338-0}}</ref> Finally, approximately 20,000 were killed or went missing during the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence. The figure pertains only to those persons who would have been recorded by the 1991 census as living in Croatia.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Ivo Goldstein]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C|title=Croatia: A History|year=1999|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-525-1|page=256}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.war-memorial.net/mem_det.asp?ID=164 |title=Killed and missing persons from the territories of Republic Croatia and former Republic of Serb Krayina &#124; the Polynational War Memorial|work=Polynational War Memorial}}</ref>

==Migration==

===International migration data of Croatia, 2014–present===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year<ref>{{Cite web |title=STAN-2024-2-1 Migration of Population of the Republic of Croatia, 2023 |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2024/en/76803 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Državni zavod za statistiku |language=hr}}</ref> !! Immigrants !! Emigrants !! Net Migration
|-
| 2014 || 10,638 || 20,858 || −10,220
|-
| 2015 || 11,706 || 29,651 || −17,945
|-
| 2016 || 13,985 || 36,436 || −22,451
|-
| 2017 || 15,553 || 47,352 || −31,799
|-
| 2018 || 26,029 || 39,515 || −13,486
|-
| 2019 || 37,726 || 40,148 || −2,422
|-
| 2020 || 33,414 || 34,046 || −632
|-
| 2021 || 35,912 || 40,424 || −4,512
|-
| 2022 || 57,972 || 46,287 || 11,685
|-
|2023
|69,396
|39,218
|30,178
|}

==Other demographic statistics==

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.<ref name="WPR 2018">{{citation|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/croatia-population/|title=Croatia Population 2018|website=World Population Review}}</ref>

*One birth every 14 minutes
*One death every 10 minutes
*Net loss of one person every 22 minutes
*One net migrant every 72 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the [[CIA World Factbook]].<ref name=".cia.gov">{{CIA World Factbook|year=2018|article=Croatia|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

;Population:
:4,270,480 (July 2018 est.)

;Age structure:
[[File:Croatiapop.svg|thumb|right|350px|Population pyramid of Croatia in 2017]]
:''0-14 years:'' 14.21% (male 312,805 /female 293,931)
:''15-24 years:'' 11.09% (male 242,605 /female 230,853)
:''25-54 years:'' 40.15% (male 858,025 /female 856,455)
:''55-64 years:'' 14.65% (male 304,054 /female 321,543)
:''65 years and over:'' 19.91% (male 342,025 /female 508,184) (2018 est.)

;Median age:
:total: 44.4 years
:male: 42.6 years
:female: 46.1 years (2018 est.)

;Birth rate:
:8.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

;Death rate:
:13.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

;Total fertility rate:
:1.53 children born/woman (2023 est.)

;Net migration rate:
:-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 150th

;Population growth rate:
:-0.51% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 221st

;Mother's mean age at first birth:
:28 years (2014 est.)

;Life expectancy at birth:
:total population: 76.3 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 87th
:male: 73.2 years (2018 est.)
:female: 79.6 years (2018 est.)

;Ethnic groups:
:Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Romani), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)

;Languages:
:Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

;Religions:
:Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)

;Nationality:
:noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
:adjective: Croatian
:note: the French designation of "Croate" to Croatian mercenaries in the 17th century eventually became "Cravate" and later came to be applied to the soldiers' scarves – the cravat; Croatia celebrates Cravat Day every 18 October

;[[Dependency ratio]]s:
:total dependency ratio: 50.9 (2015 est.)
:youth dependency ratio: 22.4 (2015 est.)
:elderly dependency ratio: 28.5 (2015 est.)
:[[potential support ratio]]: 3.5 (2015 est.)

;Urbanization:
:urban population: 56.9% of total population (2018)
:rate of urbanization: -0.08% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

;Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
:total population: 99.3%
:male: 99.7%
:female: 98.9% (2015 est.)

;School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
:total: 15 years
:male: 14 years
:female: 16 years (2016)

;Unemployment, youth ages 15–24:
:total: 31.3% (2016 est.) Country comparison to the world: 26th
:male: 31.2% (2016 est.)
:female: 31.3% (2016 est.)

==Languages==
[[File:Rjecnik hrvatskoga jezika.jpg|thumb|right|Croatian dictionary published by [[Vladimir Anić]] in 1991]]

{{see also|Minority languages of Croatia|Serbo-Croatian|Croatian language}}

[[Croatian language|Croatian]] is the official language of Croatia, and one of 24 official languages of the European Union since 2013.<ref name="Ustav-RH">{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2010_07_85_2422.html|title=Ustav Republike Hrvatske|date=9 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="VL-Hrvatski-EU">{{cite news|newspaper=Večernji list|language=hr|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/hrvatski-postaje-24-sluzbeni-jezik-europske-unije-clanak-211879|title=Hrvatski postaje 24. službeni jezik Europske unije|date=5 November 2011|author1=Sandra Veljković|author2=Stojan de Prato}}</ref> [[Minority languages of Croatia|Minority languages are in official use]] in local government units where more than a third of the population consists of national minorities or where local legislation mandates their use. These languages are [[Czech language|Czech]], [[German language|German]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Slovene language|Slovene]], and [[Slovak language|Slovak]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sabor|url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=23872|title=Izviješće o provođenju ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina i utrošku sredstava osiguranih u državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske za 2007. godinu za potrebe nacionalnih manjina|language=hr|date=28 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509061001/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=23872|archive-date=9 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Franceschini546"/> Besides these, the following languages are also recognised: Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, German, Hebrew, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Romanian, Romani, Russian, Rusyn, Slovenian, Turkish and Ukrainian.<ref name="Franceschini546">{{cite book|last=Franceschini|first=Rita|chapter=Italy and the Italian-Speaking Regions|editor-last=Fäcke|editor-first=Christiane|title=Manual of Language Acquisition|year=2014|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH|isbn=9783110394146|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zM_mBQAAQBAJ&q=Croatia+Albanian&pg=PA1|pages=546}}</ref> According to the 2021 Census, 95.25% of citizens of Croatia declared Croatian as their native language, 1.16% declared [[Serbian language|Serbian]] as their native language, while no other language is represented in Croatia by more than 0.5% of native speakers among the population of Croatia.<ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|M|access-date=24 October 2022}}</ref>

In the region of Dalmatia, each city historically spoke a variant of the [[Dalmatian language]]. It developed from Latin like all Romance languages, but became heavily influenced by [[Venetian language|Venetian]] and Croatian. The language fell out of use in the region by the 16th century and went extinct when the [[Tuone Udaina|last speaker]] died in 1898.

Croatian replaced [[Latin]] as the official language of the Croatian government in 1847.<ref name="Iadertina-Hr">{{cite journal|journal=Croatica et Slavica Iadertina|issn=1845-6839|title=Značenje narodnoga preporoda za hrvatski jezik|language=hr|author=Branka Tafra|date=February 2007|volume=2|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=26666|pages=43–55}}</ref> The Croatian lect is generally viewed as one of the four standard varieties of the [[Shtokavian dialect]] of [[Serbo-Croatian]], a [[South Slavic language]]. Croatian is written using the Latin alphabet and there are three major [[dialect]]s spoken on the territory of Croatia, with the [[Shtokavian dialect|Shtokavian idiom]] used as the literary standard. The [[Chakavian]] and [[Kajkavian]] dialects are distinguished by their [[lexicon]], [[phonology]], and [[syntax]].<ref name="Brozović-HRV">{{cite web|publisher=[[Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics]]|language=hr|title=Organska podloga hrvatskog jezika|url=http://www.ihjj.hr/oHrJeziku-povijest-1.html|access-date=11 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082335/http://www.ihjj.hr/oHrJeziku-povijest-1.html|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref>

From 1961 to 1991, the official language was formally designated as [[Serbo-Croatian]] or Croato-Serbian. Even during [[socialism|socialist rule]], Croats often referred to their language as Croato-Serbian (instead of Serbo-Croatian) or as Croatian.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Kolo (magazine)|Kolo]]|publisher=[[Matica hrvatska]]|issn=1331-0992|year=2009|issue=1–2|url=http://www.matica.hr/kolo/kolo2009_1.nsf/AllWebDocs/Polozaj_hrvatskoga_jezika_u_svijetu_danas|title=Položaj hrvatskoga jezika u svijetu danas|language=hr|author=Mate Kapović|access-date=2 November 2011|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112075048/http://www.matica.hr/kolo/kolo2009_1.nsf/AllWebDocs/Polozaj_hrvatskoga_jezika_u_svijetu_danas|url-status=dead}}</ref> Croatian and Serbian variants of the language were not officially recognised as separate at the time, but referred to as the "West" and "East" versions, and preferred different alphabets: the [[Gaj's Latin alphabet]] and [[Karadžić's Cyrillic alphabet]].<ref name="Brozović-HRV"/> Croats are protective of their language from foreign influences, as the language was under constant change and threats imposed by previous rulers (i.e. Austrian German, Hungarian, Italian and Turkish words were changed and altered to "Slavic" looking/sounding ones).

A 2009 survey revealed that 78% of Croats claim knowledge of at least one foreign language.<ref name="Index-lang">{{cite web|publisher=Index.hr|url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/istrazivanje-tri-posto-visokoobrazovanih-ne-zna-niti-jedan-strani-jezik-hrvati-uglavnom-znaju-engleski/545687.aspx|language=hr|title=Istraživanje: Tri posto visokoobrazovanih ne zna niti jedan strani jezik, Hrvati uglavnom znaju engleski|date=5 April 2011}}</ref> According to a survey ordered by the [[European Commission]] in 2005, 49% of Croats speak [[English language|English]] as their second language, 34% speak [[German language|German]], and 14% speak [[Italian language|Italian]]. [[French language|French]] and [[Russian language|Russian]] are spoken by 4% each, and 2% of Croats speak [[spanish language|Spanish]]. A substantial proportion of Slovenes (59%) have a certain level of knowledge of Croatian.<ref name="EBS-243">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827043559/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-27 |url-status=live|date=February 2006|title=Europeans and their languages – European commission special barometer FEB2006|publisher=[[European Commission]]|access-date=15 January 2010}}</ref>

==Religions==
[[File:Religious Believers (%) by County - 2021 Census.png|thumb|Religious Believers (%) by County – 2021 Census]]
{{Main|Religion in Croatia}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Croatia (2021 census)<ref name="census2021-ethnorelig"/>
|label1 = [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Catholicism]]
|value1 = 83.04
|color1 = Purple
|label2 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|value2 = 3.35
|color2 = Orchid
|label3 = [[Protestantism in Croatia|Protestantism]]
|value3 = 0.26
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = Other [[Christian]] 
|value4 = 0.73
|color4 =Blue
|label5 = [[Irreligion in Croatia|No religion]]
|value5 = 6.39
|color5 = Grey
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 1.87
|color6 = Yellow
|label8 = Undeclared
|value8 = 3.86
|color8 = Dark
|label7 = [[Islam]]
|value7 = 1.32
|color7 = Green
}}
The main religions of Croatia are [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Roman Catholicism]] 83.04%, no religion 6.39%, other Christianity 0.73%,  undeclared 3.86%, [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia|Eastern Orthodoxy]] 3.35%, [[Islam in Croatia|Islam]] 1.32%, [[Protestantism]] 0.26%, others 1.87%.<ref name="census2021-ethnorelig">{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/share-of-croats-in-croatia-increases-as-census-results-published/|accessdate=2022-09-25|title=Share of Croats in Croatia increases as census results published |date=22 September 2022 }}</ref>  In the [[Eurostat]] Eurobarometer Poll of 2005, 67% of the population of Croatia responded that "they believe there is a God" and 7% said they do not believe "there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force", while 25% expressed a belief in "some sort of spirit or life force".<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf|title=Social values, Science and Technology |date=June 2005|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2006}}</ref> In a 2009 [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] poll, 70% answered affirmatively when asked "Is religion an important part of your daily life?"<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[The Gallup Organization]]|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx#2|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|date=31 August 2010}}</ref> Significantly, a 2008 Gallup survey of the [[Balkans]] indicated church and religious organisations as the most trusted institutions in the country. The survey revealed that 62% of the respondents assigned "a lot" or "some" trust to those institutions, ranking them ahead of all types of governmental, international or non-governmental institutions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Gallup |url=http://www.balkan-monitor.eu/files/BalkanMonitor-2008_Summary_of_Findings.pdf|title=Balkan Monitor, 2008 Summary of Findings |year=2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025091705/http://www.balkan-monitor.eu/files/BalkanMonitor-2008_Summary_of_Findings.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2011 }}</ref>

[[Public school (government funded)|Public schools]] allow religious education, in cooperation with religious communities that have agreements with the government, but attendance is not mandatory. The classes are organized widely in public elementary and secondary schools. In 2009, 92% of elementary school pupils and 87% of secondary school students attended the religious education classes.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|url=http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/tema_sedmice_vjeronauka_hrvatske/24324338.html|language=hr|author=Ankica Barbir-Mladinović|title=Vjeronauk kao sredstvo ideologizacije|newspaper=Radio Slobodna Evropa |date=10 September 2011}}</ref> [[Public holidays in Croatia]] also include the [[religious festival]]s of [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]], [[Easter Monday]], [[Feast of Corpus Christi]], [[Assumption Day]], [[All Saints' Day]], [[Christmas]], and [[Saint Stephen's Day|St. Stephen's]] or [[Boxing Day]]. The religious festival public holidays are based on the Catholic [[liturgical year]], but citizens of the Republic of Croatia who celebrate different religious holidays have the right not to work on those dates. This includes Christians who celebrate Christmas on 7 January per the [[Julian calendar]], [[Muslims]] on the days of [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]], and Jews on the days of [[Rosh Hashanah]] and [[Yom Kippur]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Narodne Novine]]|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2002_11_136_2194.html|language=hr|title=Zakon o blagdanima, spomendanima i neradnim danima u Republici Hrvatskoj|date=15 November 2002}}</ref> [[Marriage]]s performed by the religious communities having agreements with the state are officially recognized, eliminating the need to register the marriages in a registrar office.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Vjesnik]]|url=http://www.monitor.hr/clanci/dva-kljuca-za-crkveni-brak/2504/|language=hr|author=Marijana Matković|title=Dva "ključa" za crkveni brak?|date=9 June 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401134838/http://www.monitor.hr/clanci/dva-kljuca-za-crkveni-brak/2504/|archive-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The legal position of religious communities is defined by special legislation, specifically regarding government funding, tax benefits, and religious education in schools. Other matters are left to each religious community to negotiate separately with the government. Registration of the communities is not mandatory, but registered communities become [[legal person]]s and enjoy tax and other benefits. The law stipulates that to be eligible for registration, a religious group must have at least 500 believers and be registered as a civil association for 5 years.  Religious groups based abroad must submit written permission for registration from their country of origin.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Narodne Novine|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/309118.html|language=hr|title=Zakon o pravnom položaju vjerskih zajednica|date=8 July 2002}}</ref>

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Croatia}}
[[File:Croatia_population_education_2001_census.png|thumb|left|Education completed by population of Croatia (over age of 14) according to 2001 census. The segment achieving [[academic degree]]s more than doubled by 2008.]]
Literacy in Croatia is 98.1 percent.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/croatia/|title=World Factbook|access-date=9 September 2011|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> The 2001 census reported that 15.7% of the population over the age of 14 has an incomplete elementary education, and 21.9% has only an elementary school education. 42.8% of the population over the age of 14 has a [[vocational education]] and 4.9% completed [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]. 4.2% of the same population received an [[undergraduate degree]], while 7.5% received an [[academic degree]], and 0.5% received a [[postgraduate]] or a [[doctoral degree]].<ref>{{Croatian Census 2001 |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_14/H01_02_14_RH.html |title=Radno sposobno stanovništvo staro 15 i više godina prema starosti, trenutačnom statusu aktivnosti i završenoj školi, po županijama, popis 2001|access-date=7 November 2011}}</ref> Croatia recorded a substantial growth of the population attaining academic degrees and by 2008, this population segment was estimated to encompass 16.7% of the total population of Croatians 15 and over.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Slobodna Dalmacija]]|language=hr|url=http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/21394/Default.aspx|title=Hrvatska po rastu broja studenata prva u Europi|author=Petar Dorić|date=7 September 2008}}</ref> A worldwide study about the quality of living in different countries published by ''[[Newsweek]]'' in August 2010 ranked the Croatian education system at 22nd, a position shared with Austria.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/15/interactive-infographic-of-the-worlds-best-countries.html |title=Newsweek study of Health, Education, Economy and Politics ranks the globe's top nations |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |date=15 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831130227/http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/15/interactive-infographic-of-the-worlds-best-countries.html |archive-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, it was estimated that 4.5% of the GDP is spent for education, while schooling expectancy was estimated to 14 years on average.<ref name="CIA"/> Primary education in Croatia starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2007 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasiums]] and [[vocational school]]s. As of 2010, there are 2,131 elementary schools and 713 schools providing various forms of secondary education. Primary and secondary education are also available in languages of recognised minorities in Croatia, where classes are held in [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], Italian, Serbian and German languages.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010">{{cite web|publisher=[[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]]|url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2010/SLJH2010.pdf|title=2010 – Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|date=December 2010}}</ref>

[[File:University of Zagreb.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of Zagreb]]]]
There are 84 elementary level and 47 secondary level [[music school|music]] and [[art schools]], as well as 92 schools for disabled children and youth and 74 schools for adults.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> Nationwide [[Matura|leaving exams]] ({{langx|hr|državna matura}}) were introduced for secondary education students in the 2009–2010 school year. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Croatian language, [[mathematics]], and a foreign language) and optional subjects and is a prerequisite for a university education.<ref name="MZOS-Matura">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (Croatia)]]|language=hr|url=http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2246|title=Državna matura|access-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326060402/http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2246|archive-date=26 March 2016}}</ref>

Croatia has eight public universities, the [[University of Zagreb]], [[University of Split]], [[University of Rijeka]], [[University of Osijek]], [[University of Zadar]], [[University of Dubrovnik]], [[University of Pula]] and [[Dubrovnik International University]].
The University of Zadar, the first university in Croatia, was founded in 1396 and remained active until 1807, when other institutions of higher education took over. It was reopened in 2002.<ref name="Zadar-Uni">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Zadar]]|url=http://www.unizd.hr/Onama/tabid/55/Default.aspx|language=hr|title=O nama|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> The University of Zagreb, founded in 1669, is the oldest continuously operating university in Southeast Europe.<ref name="Zagreb-Uni">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Zagreb]]|url= http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/about-university/history/|title=University of Zagreb 1699–2005|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> There are also 11 [[institute of technology|polytechnics]] and 23 [[higher education]] institutions, of which 19 are private. In total, there are 132 institutions of higher education in Croatia, attended by more than 145&nbsp;thousand students.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/>

There are 205 companies, government or education system institutions and non-profit organizations in Croatia pursuing scientific research and the development of technology. Combined, they spent more than 3&nbsp;billion kuna (400&nbsp;million euro) and employed 10,191 full-time research staff in 2008.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> Among the scientific institutes operating in Croatia, the largest is the [[Ruđer Bošković Institute]] in Zagreb.<ref name="JL-IRB">{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list|language=hr|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/ciklotron--spojevi-i-novi-katalizatori---to-je-institut-ruder-boskovic-dao-svijetu-/823851/|title=60. rođendan Instituta Ruđer Bošković: Svijetu je dao ciklotron, spojeve i novi katalizator|date=9 June 2010|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222206/http://www.jutarnji.hr/ciklotron--spojevi-i-novi-katalizatori---to-je-institut-ruder-boskovic-dao-svijetu-/823851/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] in Zagreb is a [[learned society]] promoting language, culture, arts and science since its inception in 1866.<ref name="HAZU-founding">{{cite web|publisher=[[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]|url=http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy|title=The Founding of the Academy|access-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606084626/http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy|archive-date=6 June 2010}}</ref> Scientists from Croatia include inventors and [[Nobel Prize]] winners.<ref name="JL-scientists">{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list |language=hr |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/najbolje-sto-su-hrvati-dali-znanosti/311070/ |title=Najbolje što su Hrvati dali znanosti|date=4 October 2010|author=Tanja Rudež |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126120318/http://www.jutarnji.hr/najbolje-sto-su-hrvati-dali-znanosti/311070/ |archive-date=26 January 2012}}</ref>

==Health==
{{Main|Healthcare in Croatia}}
[[File:KB Dubrava Zagreb.jpg|thumb|right|[[Clinical Hospital Dubrava]] in Zagreb]]
Croatia has a [[universal health care]] system, the roots of which can be traced back to the Hungarian-Croatian Parliament Act of 1891, providing a form of mandatory insurance for all factory workers and craftsmen.<ref name="RSP-1891">{{cite journal|journal=Revija za socijalnu politiku|issn=1330-2965|author=Siniša Zrinščak|language=hr|title=Socijalna politika u kontekstu korjenite društvene transformacije postkomunističkih zemalja|pages=135–159|date=February 2003|volume=10|issue=2|doi=10.3935/rsp.v10i2.124|doi-access=free}}</ref> The population is covered by a basic health insurance plan provided by statute and optional insurance. In 2014, the annual compulsory healthcare related expenditures reached 21.8&nbsp;billion kuna (2.9&nbsp;billion euro).{{sfn|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015|p=579}} Healthcare expenditures comprise only 0.6% of private health insurance and public spending.<ref name="Vjesnik-Zdravstvo">{{cite news|newspaper=Vjesnik|language=hr|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=B02A10F4-BFE5-4EC0-B0E5-BFCAFE8F2062|archive-date=17 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217063855/http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=B02A10F4-BFE5-4EC0-B0E5-BFCAFE8F2062|title=Ulaskom u EU Hrvatska će imati najveću potrošnju za zdravstvo|author=Marijana Matković|date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Croatia spent 6.9% of its GDP on healthcare,<ref name="WB-Health">{{cite web|publisher=[[World Bank]]|url=http://go.worldbank.org/R62VSWTTU0|language=hr|title=Svjetska banka podržava gospodarski oporavak Hrvatske|date=10 May 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416074845/http://www.worldbank.hr/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/CROATIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22910402~menuPK:301250~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:301245,00.html|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> representing a decline from approximately 8% estimated in 2008, when 84% of healthcare spending came from public sources.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08136.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628223816/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08136.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-28 |url-status=live|title=Government Spending on Health Care and Education in Croatia: Efficiency and Reform Options|author=Etibar Jafarov|author2=Victoria Gunnarsson|date=May 2008}}</ref> According to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), Croatia ranks around the 50th in the world in terms of life expectancy.<ref name="WHO-Croatia-Stat">{{cite web|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|title=Croatia|url=https://www.who.int/countries/hrv/en/|access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref>

There are hundreds of healthcare institutions in Croatia, including 79 hospitals and clinics with 23,967 beds. The hospitals and clinics care for more than 700&nbsp;thousand patients per year and employ 5,205 [[Doctor of Medicine|medical doctors]], including 3,929 specialists. There are 6,379 private practice offices, and a total of 41,271&nbsp;health workers in the country. There are 63 emergency medical service units, responding to more than a million calls. The principal cause of death in 2008 was cardiovascular disease at 43.5% for men and 57.2% for women, followed by tumours, at 29.4% for men and 21.4% for women. Other significant causes of death are injuries, poisonings and other external causes (7.7% men/3.9% women), digestive system diseases (5.7% men/3.6% women), respiratory system diseases (5.1% men/3.5% women) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (2.1% men/3.0% women). There is no other cause of disease affecting more than 3% of the population.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> In 2014 only 22 Croatians had been infected with HIV/AIDS and 4 had died from the disease.{{sfn|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015|p=569}} In 2008 it was estimated by the WHO that 27.4% of Croatians over age of 15 were smokers.<ref name="Poslovni-smoking">{{cite web|publisher=Poslovni dnevnik|url=http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/u-hrvatskoj-se-pusi-manje-nego-u-eu-66591.aspx|title=U Hrvatskoj se puši manje nego u EU|language=hr|date=10 January 2008|author=Marija Crnjak|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119185635/http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/u-hrvatskoj-se-pusi-manje-nego-u-eu-66591.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to 2003 WHO data, 22% of the Croatian adult population is obese.<ref name="WHO-Core">{{cite web|publisher=World Health Organization|url=http://apps.who.int/whosis/database/core/core_select_process.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726062457/http://apps.who.int/whosis/database/core/core_select_process.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2009|title=Core Health Indicators|year=2008}}</ref>

[[File:Life expectancy in Croatia.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Croatia since 1950]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Croatia -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Croatia since 1960 by gender]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|1950–1955
|61.26
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 63.64
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 65.72
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 67.46
|-
|1970–1975
|{{increase}} 69.02
|-
|1975–1980
|{{increase}} 69.90
|-
|1980–1985
|{{increase}} 70.59
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 71.88
|-
|1990–1995
|{{increase}} 72.81
|-
|1995–2000
|{{increase}} 74.58
|-
|2000–2005
|{{increase}} 74.94
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 76.09
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 77.05
|}
{{clear}}

==Economic indicators ==
{{Main|Economy of Croatia}}

===Personal income, jobs and unemployment===
Net monthly income in September 2011 averaged 5,397 [[Croatian kuna|kuna]] ({{circa}} 729 [[euro]]), dropping 2.1% relative to the previous month. In the same month, gross monthly income averaged 7,740 kuna ({{circa}} 1,046 euro),<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Poslovni dnevnik]]|url=http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/prosjecna-neto-placa-za-rujan-5397-kuna-191051.aspx|language=hr|title=Prosječna neto plaća za rujan 5.397 kuna|date=22 November 2011|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-date=27 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227065930/http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/prosjecna-neto-placa-za-rujan-5397-kuna-191051|url-status=dead}}</ref> and it includes the net salary along with income tax, [[Social insurance|retirement pension insurance]], [[healthcare insurance]], [[occupational safety and health]] insurance and employment promotion tax.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Narodne Novine]]|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2011_03_37_863.html|date=30 March 2011|title=Pravilnik o sadržaju obračuna plaće, naknade plaće ili otpremnine}}</ref> The average net monthly income grew compared to 5,311 kuna ({{circa}} 717 euro) in 2009 or 3,326 kuna ({{circa}} 449 euro) in 2000.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> The highest net salaries were paid in financial services sector, and in April 2011 those averaged 10,041 kuna ({{circa}} 1,356 euro), while the lowest ones, paid in the same month, were in the manufacturing and leather processing industries, averaging at 2,811 kuna ({{circa}} 380 euro).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=index.hr|url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/drzavni-zavod-za-statistiku-prosjecna-neto-placa-u-hrvatskoj-je-5365-kuna-/559037.aspx|language=hr|title=Državni zavod za statistiku: Prosječna neto plaća u Hrvatskoj je 5.365 kuna|date=1 July 2011}}</ref> Since January 2016, the [[minimum wage in Croatia]] is 3,120 kuna before tax ({{circa}} 400 euro).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia]]|language=hr|url=http://www.sssh.hr/hr/vise/nacionalne-aktivnosti-72/minimalna-placa-u-2016.-godini-3.120-00-kuna-bruto-1927|title=Minimalna plaća u 2016. godini 3.120,00 kuna bruto|date=30 December 2015|access-date=13 January 2016|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812024056/http://www.sssh.hr/hr/vise/nacionalne-aktivnosti-72/minimalna-placa-u-2016.-godini-3.120-00-kuna-bruto-1927|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Number of employed persons recorded steady growth between 2000 and 2008 when it peaked, followed by 4% decline in 2009. That year, there were 1.499&nbsp;million employed persons, with 45% of that number pertaining to women. The total number of employed persons includes 252,000 employed in crafts and freelance professionals and 35,000 employed in agriculture. The most significant sources of employment in 2008 were manufacturing industry and wholesale and retail trade (including motor vehicle repair services) employing 278,640 and 243,640 respectively. Further significant employment sector was construction industry comprising 143,336 jobs that year. In the same year, more than 100,000 were employed in public administration, defence and compulsory social insurance sector as well as in education. Since 2009, negative trends persisted in Croatia with jobs in the industry declined further by 3.5%.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Lider|url=http://www.liderpress.hr/Default.aspx?sid=134310|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803190602/http://www.liderpress.hr/Default.aspx?sid=134310|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 August 2012|language=hr|title=Broj zaposlenih u hrvatskoj industriji manji za 3,5 posto|date=2 August 2011}}</ref> Number of unemployed and retired persons combined exceeded number of employed in August 2010, as it fell to 1.474&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=index.hr|url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/zaposlenih-u-hrvatskoj-manje-od-nezaposlenih-i-umirovljenika/519702.aspx|language=hr|title=Zaposlenih u Hrvatskoj manje od nezaposlenih i umirovljenika|date=24 October 2010}}</ref> In 2009, labour force consisted of 1.765&nbsp;million persons out of 3.7&nbsp;million [[working age]] population—aged 15 and over.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> In October 2011, unemployment rate stood at 17.4%.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Employment Service|url=http://www.hzz.hr/default.aspx?id=6191|language=hr|title=Stope nezaposlenosti i zaposlenosti u Republici Hrvatskoj|access-date=28 November 2011|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020032446/http://www.hzz.hr/default.aspx?id=6191|url-status=dead}}</ref> 7.2% of employed persons hold a second job.<ref name="UNDP-HR"/>

In comparison with the [[member states of the European Union]] (EU), Croatia's median equivalent household income in terms of the [[Purchasing Power Standard]] (PPS) stands at 470, topping average PPS of [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004]] (EU10), as well as [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]], while significantly lagging behind the EU average. Within Croatia, the highest PPS is recorded in [[Istria County]] (769), the City of [[Zagreb]] (640) and the [[Primorje-Gorski Kotar County]] (576). The lowest PPS is observed in the [[Bjelovar-Bilogora County]] and the [[Virovitica-Podravina County]] (267).<ref name="UNDP-HR">{{cite book|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|url=http://www.hr.undp.org/content/dam/croatia/docs/Research%20and%20publications/socialinclusion/UNDP_HR_Regional_Disparities_ENG_2007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605013310/http://www.hr.undp.org/content/dam/croatia/docs/Research%20and%20publications/socialinclusion/UNDP_HR_Regional_Disparities_ENG_2007.pdf |archive-date=2014-06-05 |url-status=live|title=Regional Disparities|year=2007|isbn=978-953-7429-03-4}}</ref>

===Urbanisation and housing===
2011 census recorded a total of 1,534,148 private households in Croatia as well as 1,487 other residential communities such as retirement homes, convents etc. At the same time, there were 1,923,522 permanent housing units—houses and apartments.<ref name="cbs-2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2016/htm/e11_RH.html |title=Census 2011 First Results |publisher=[[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=29 June 2011|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114150141/http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/htm/e11_RH.html |archive-date=14 November 2011}}</ref> 2001 census recorded 1.66&nbsp;million permanent housing units, including 196&nbsp;thousand intermittently occupied and 42&nbsp;thousand abandoned ones. Average size of a permanently used housing unit is {{convert|74.4|m2|abbr=off}}. The intermittently used housing units include 182&nbsp;thousand [[vacation house]]s and 8&nbsp;thousand houses used during agricultural works. The same census also recorded 25&nbsp;thousand housing units used for business purposes only.<ref>{{Croatian Census 2001 |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H03_01_01/H03_01_01.html|title=Stanovi prema načinu korištenja, po gradovima/općinama, popis 2001|access-date=28 November 2011}}</ref> As of 2007, 71% of the households owned their own housing and had no mortgage or other loans to repay related to the housing, while further 9% were repaying loans for their housing. The households vary by type and include single households (13%), couples (15%), single parent households (4%), couples with children (27%) and extended family households (20%).<ref name="UNDP-HR"/> There are approximately 500 homeless persons in Croatia, largely living in Zagreb.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Nova TV (Croatia)]]|url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/aih-sve-je-vise-beskucnika-a-time-se-nitko-ne-bavi.html|language=hr|title=Sve više beskućnika u Hrvatskoj, a time se nitko ne bavi|date=20 March 2010}}</ref>

Average [[urbanisation]] rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with the maximum rate recorded within the territory of the City of [[Zagreb]], where it reached 94.5% and Zagreb metropolitan area comprising the City of Zagreb and the [[Zagreb County]], where it stands at 76.4%.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Info|date=June 2009|volume=3|publisher=[[City of Zagreb]]|url=http://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/strategijsko_planiranje/info_03.pdf|language=hr|title=Demografska istraživanja|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908121347/http://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/strategijsko_planiranje/info_03.pdf|archive-date=8 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Very significant rate of urbanisation was observed in the second half of the 20th century. 1953 census recorded 57% of population which was active in agriculture, while a census performed in 1991
noted only 9.1% of population active in that field. This points to augmentation of urban population and reduction of rural population.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Društvena Istraživanja|publisher=Institut društvenih znanosti IVO PILAR|issn=1330-0288|language=hr|title=Razvojni ciljevi i naslijeđena razvojna ograničenja hrvatskih srednjih gradova|author=Ognjen Čaldarović|pages=71–86|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=49925|volume=8|issue=1|date=April 1999}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Croatia}}
* [[Croats]]
* [[Croatian diaspora]]
* [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{Section link|Yugoslavia|Demographics}}
** [[Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]
** [[Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Croatia Yearbook 2015|ref={{SfnRef|Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015}}}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Demographics of Croatia}}
* [https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/croatia0903/ Human Rights Watch Report "Broken Promises: Impediments to Refugee Return to Croatia"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031128003242/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_results.asp?crID=191&fID=r15 United Nations Statistics Division Millennium Indicators for Croatia]
* [http://www.vojska.net/military/croatia/about/population.asp Population of Croatia 1931–2001]

{{Croatia topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Ethnic groups in Croatia}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}
{{Europe topic|Ethnic groups in}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Croatia}}
[[Category:Demographics of Croatia| ]]
[[Category:Society of Croatia]]
[[Category:Demographics of Yugoslavia]]