Editing Detmold

{{About|the German town}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox German location
|type          = Stadt
|image_photo   = Detmold Schloss01.jpg
|image_caption = The princely castle
|image_flag    = Flagge Detmold.svg
|image_coa     = COA Detmold.svg
|coordinates   = {{coord|51|56|16|N|08|53|00|E|format=dms|type:city(75,000)_region:DE-NW|display=inline,title}}
<!--|image_plan    = Detmold in LIP.svg -->
|state         = Nordrhein-Westfalen
|region        = Detmold
|district      = Lippe
|elevation     = 134
|area          = 129.39
|postal_code   = 32701–32760
|area_code      = 05231, 05232
|licence        = LIP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 7 66 020
|divisions         = 27
|website           = {{URL|https://www.detmold.de/}}
|mayor             = Frank Hilker<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 21 June 2021.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2020&ndash;25
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Detmold''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdɛtmɔlt|-|Detmold.ogg}}) is a city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany, with a population of {{formatnum:{{Population Germany|key=05766020}}}}. It was the capital of the small [[Principality of Lippe]] from 1468 until 1918 and then of the [[Free State of Lippe]] until 1947. Today it is the administrative center of the district of [[Lippe]] and of the [[Detmold (region)|Regierungsbezirk Detmold]]. The [[Church of Lippe]] has its central administration located in Detmold. The [[Continental Reformed church|Reformed]] Redeemer Church is the preaching venue of the state superintendent of the Lippe church.

==History==

===Iron Age===
About {{convert|3|mi|km|0|order=flip}} to the southwest of Detmold is the {{Interlanguage link|Grotenburg|de}} hill with a prehistoric [[circular rampart]] and the Hermann monument ({{langx|de|[[Hermannsdenkmal]]|link=no}}).<ref name=eb>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Detmold}}</ref> The monument commemorates the so-called [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]], a battle in 9 [[AD]] which may or may not have been fought close to the present location of Detmold. In this encounter, [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribe]]s led by Hermann ({{langx|la|[[Arminius]]|link=no}}) defeated [[Roman legion]]s under the command of [[Publius Quinctilius Varus]].<ref name=ac>{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Detmold}}</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Detmold was first mentioned as ''Theotmalli'' in 783, the year of a battle between the [[Saxons]] and [[Charlemagne]]'s forces nearby.<ref name=eb/><ref name=ac/> This was an event in the [[Saxon Wars]]. In 1005 a '''Tietmelli''' or '''Theotmalli''' region (''Gau'') is referred to in documents.

In 1263, [[Bernard III of Lippe]] fortified the settlement at the crossing of the trade route from [[Paderborn]] to [[Lemgo]] over the [[Werre River]] with stone walls and granted it a municipal charter. Its population was reported in 1305 as 305. Market rights granted in 1265 led to rapid economic development. Its defenses were greatly strengthened after severe damage had been inflicted on the town during the conflict with [[Soest, Germany|Soest]] in 1447. A major fire in 1547 destroyed more than 70 houses.

{{stack|[[File:Detmold-Kupferstich-Merian.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Engraving of a view of the town of Detmold by [[Matthäus Merian]], 1647]]}}

In 1550, Detmold became the permanent residence of Count [[Simon III of Lippe]]. The counts were elevated to princes in 1789, and Detmold remained the capital of the small [[Principality of Lippe]] until the end of the [[World War I]] in 1918, when all princely states in Germany were abolished. Today, [[Stephan, Prince of Lippe]] is the owner of Detmold Castle.

===Modern era===
Street lighting was introduced in 1809, with oil-fired lanterns. By 1835, the town had become the most populous in Lippe, with over 4,000 residents. It grew to 12,000 in 1900 and over 30,000 in 1950.

From 1919 to 1947, Detmold was the capital of the [[Free State of Lippe]]. The ''{{ill|Lippische Landes-Zeitung|de}}'' started in 1878 and, in co-operation with other reginal papers,  is still published today. The competing ''{{ill|Lippische Tageszeitung|de}}'' was published in Detmold from 1896 until 1938. During the Nazi years (1933–1945), the {{ill|Lippische Staatszeitung|de}} was the official party and government publication. When Lippe was incorporated into the new German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the town became the seat of the Lippe district, and since 1972 it has been the seat of the district administration of Lippe. With the administrative reform of 1970, 25 nearby villages were incorporated into the city.

The former [[Hobart Barracks]] is nearby.

==Main sights==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* {{ill|Adlerwarte Berlebeck|de}} (falconry)
* Donoper Teich (pond)
* [[Externsteine]]
* Fürstliches Residenzschloß, a Renaissance castle in the center of the town park
* Hasselbachteich (pond)
* [[Hermannsdenkmal]] ([[Arminius]] monument)
* [[Hochschule für Musik Detmold]] (Music Academy of Detmold)
* [[Technische Hochschule OWL]] (OWL=Ostwestfalen-Lippe)
*[[Landestheater Detmold]], [[Detmolder Sommertheater]]
* Lippisches Landesmuseum (museum)
* LWL-Freilichtmuseum Detmold ([[Detmold Open-air Museum|Detmold open-air museum]])
* {{ill|Martin Luther Church (Detmold)|de|Martin-Luther-Kirche (Detmold)}}
* Vogelpark Heiligenkirchen (bird sanctuary)

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Hiddeser Bent.JPG|Hiddeser Bent, moor near Donoper Teich
File:TH OWL in Detmold.jpg|Campus of the [[Technische Hochschule OWL]] (2019)
File:Hermannsdenkmal 2015.jpg|Hermannsdenkmal
File:Markt mit Rathaus.jpg|Market and town hall
</gallery>

==Culture==
The town supports the [[Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie]] for regular symphony concerts.

==Schools==
* {{ill|Gymnasium Leopoldinum (Detmold)|de|lt=Gymnasium Leopoldinum}}, founded 1602
* [[Stadtgymnasium Detmold]], founded 1830
* Christian-Dietrich-Grabbe-Gymnasium, founded 1925

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Detmold is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Detmold – mitten in Europa|url=https://www.detmold.de/startseite/leben-in-detmold/gemeinschaft-und-soziales/staedtepartnerschaften/|website=detmold.de|publisher=Detmold|language=de|access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Hasselt]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Omer]], France
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Savonlinna]], Finland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Zeitz]], Germany
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Oraiokastro]], Greece

==Notable people==
[[File:Moritz Daniel Oppenheim Portrait Leopold Zunz.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Leopold Zunz]]]]
[[File:Ferdinand Freiligrath Hasenclever.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Ferdinand Freiligrath]], 1851]]
[[File:Gustav Wallis.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Gustav Wallis]], 1879]]
Notable people born in Detmold include:
* [[Friedrich Adolph Lampe]] (1683–1729), theologian
* [[Simon August, Count of Lippe-Detmold]] (1727–1782), Count of Lippe
* [[Leopold I, Prince of Lippe]] (1767–1802), Prince of Lippe
* [[Leopold Zunz]] (1794–1886), scientist, founder of [[Reform Judaism]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Zunz, Leopold | volume= 21 |last1= Abrahams |first1= Israel |author1-link= Israel Abrahams | page = 1056 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Leopold II, Prince of Lippe]] (1796–1851), Prince of Lippe
* [[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]] (1801–1836),<ref name=TRGG>{{cite book|title=The Rough Guide to Germany|date=July 5, 2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9781409359265|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXu1iwyJzm0C&q=Christian+Dietrich+Grabbe+detmold&pg=PT1442}}</ref> alongside [[Georg Büchner]] the most important innovator of German-language [[drama]] in his time.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Grabbe, Christian Dietrich | volume= 12 | page = 306 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ferdinand Freiligrath]] (1810–1876), poet and author<ref name="nie">{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Freiligrath, Ferdinand|year=1905}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Freiligrath, Ferdinand|volume=11||last1= Robertson |first1= John George |author1-link= John George Robertson |pages= 94-94||short=1}}</ref>
* [[Leopold III, Prince of Lippe]] (1821–1875), Prince of Lippe
* [[Ferdinand Weerth]] (1774–1836), Pastor and School Reformer
* [[Georg Weerth]] (1822–1856), writer and poet.<ref name=FE>{{cite book|title=Friedrich Engels|date=November 5, 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136629181|page=253|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sV7-AQAAQBAJ&q=Georg+Weerth+detmold&pg=PA253}}</ref>
* [[Gustav Wallis]] (1830–1878), botanist and South American traveler
* {{Ill|Joseph Plaut|de}} (1879–1966), actor, spieler, elocutionist, singer and regional poet
* [[Jürgen Stroop]] (1895–1952), Nazi general of the SS, executed for war crimes
* [[Werner Buchholz]] (1922–2019), engineer, creator of the art word [[byte]]
* [[Manfred Fuhrmann]] (1925–2005), old philologist
* [[Hans-Ulrich Schmincke]] (born 1937), volcanologist
* [[Heinz (singer)|Heinz Burt]] (1942–2000), British musician and member of [[The Tornados]]
* [[Hartmut Fladt]] (1945), musicologist
* {{Ill|Hans Ottomeyer|de}} (born 1946), art historian, for 11 years curator of the German Historical Museum in Berlin
* [[Iris Berben]] (born 1950), actress
* [[Peter Lampe]] (born 1954), theologian
* [[Detlef Grumbach]] (born 1955), journalist, journalist, author and publisher
* [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]] (born 1956), foreign minister, Vice Chancellor, and current President of Germany<ref>Judy Dempsey (October 17, 2005), [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/17/world/europe/17iht-german.html A promotion to cabinet for Schröder's top aide] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
* [[Manfred Ostermann]] (born 1958), local politician (independent) and former ''Landrat'' of [[Soltau-Fallingbostel]]
* [[Andreas Voßkuhle]] (born 1963), jurist, president of the [[Bundesverfassungsgericht]]
* [[Ludger Beerbaum]] (born 1963), jumping rider
* [[Wotan Wilke Möhring]] (born 1967), actor
* [[Matthias Opdenhövel]] (born 1970), television presenter and journalist
* [[Sven Montgomery]] (born 1976), Swiss-American cyclist
* [[Vera Ludwig]] (born 1978), poet
* [[Tujamo]] (born 1988), DJ and record producer
* [[Stefan Langemann]] (born 1990), footballer

[[File:A Duncan nach JH Schramm - Albert Lortzing (Stahlstich).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Albert Lortzing]], 1835]]
Long-time residents of Detmold include:
* [[Albert Lortzing]] (1801–1851), composer.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Lortzing, Gustav Albert | volume= 17 | page = 12 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Johannes Brahms]] (1833–1897), composer, lived in Detmold in the winters of 1857–60
* [[Heinrich Drake]] (1881–1970), politician
* [[Felix Fechenbach]] (1894–1933), journalist
* [[Florian Reike]], entrepreneur
* [[Giselher Klebe]] (1925–2009), composer
* [[Thomas Quasthoff]] (born 1959), bass-baritone
* [[Suzanne Bernert]], German-born Indian actress

Others:
* [[Detmold child]], a child mummy about 6,500 years old, found in Peru, named after this city.

Amongst the honorary citizens of Detmold, besides politicians are scientists and artists who have served in Detmold. The best-known are the builder of the [[Hermannsdenkmal]], [[Ernst von Bandel]] (1871), Reich Chancellor [[Otto von Bismarck]] (1895), and Reich President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] (1917).

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Detmold}}
{{Commons category|Detmold}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Detmold|short=x}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Detmold | volume= 8 | page = 113 |short= 1}}

{{Cities and towns in Lippe (district)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Detmold| ]]
[[Category:Lippe]]
[[Category:Principality of Lippe]]
[[Category:Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia]]