Editing Dharamshala

{{Short description|Winter capital of Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the town in Himachal Pradesh|other uses|Dharamshala (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Dharamshala
| other_name         = Dharamsala
| settlement_type    = Town
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
|photo1a=Dharamshala 03 (Cropped).jpg

|photo2b=McLeod Ganj Dharamkot Dharmsala Himachal Pradesh India April 2014.jpg
|photo2a=Panoramic view of McLeod Ganj during winters, 2005.jpg
|photo3a=Bhagsu nag temple.jpg
|photo3b=Main Street Temple - McLeod Ganj - Himachal Pradesh - India (26207379983).jpg
|photo4a=Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg
|size=300
|position=center
|spacing=2
|color=#FFFFFF
|border=1
|color_border = white
}}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = <div style="background:#CEE0F2;"> '''From top, left to right:<br />''' Skyline of Dharamsala, [[Mcleodganj]] during winter, [[Triund]], [[Bhagsu]]nag Temple, [[Kalachakra]] Temple, [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|HPCA Stadium]]</div>
| nickname           = Dhasa
| pushpin_map        = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh##Location within India
| coordinates        = {{coord|32|12|55|N|76|19|07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| named_for          = Derives its name from an old Hindu sanctuary, called ''Dharamsàla'' which once stood there.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s348aedb8880cab8c45637abc7493ecddd/uploads/2018/03/2018032931.pdf#page=104 |title=Gazetteer of the Kangra District |date=1883–1884 |publisher=Calcutta Central Press}}</ref>
| seat_type          = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of legislative Assembly]]
| seat               = Sudhir Sharma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/491|title=Details {{!}} eVidhan- Himachal Pradesh|website=hpvidhansabha.nic.in}}</ref>
| government_type    = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = Dharamshala Municipal Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edharamshala.in/ |title=Home |website=edharamshala.in}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 81.60
| area_rank          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 1457
| population_total   = 53,543
| population_as_of   = 2024
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edharamshala.in/Content/Demographics |title=Demographics – MCD-Dashboard-Document Management System}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = [[List of cities in Himachal Pradesh by population|2nd in HP]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 176 215
| area_code          = +91-  01892
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HP.E2.80.94Himachal Pradesh|HP]]- 39(RLA), 68(RTO), 01D/02D(Taxi)
| blank_name         = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info         = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]
| website            = {{URL|edharamshala.in}}
| elevation_max_m    = 
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Onkar Singh Nehria
}}

'''Dharamshala''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑːr|ə|m|ʃ|ɑː|l|ə}}, {{IPA|hi|d̪ʱərmʃaːlaː|lang}}; also spelled '''Dharamsala''') is a town in the [[India]]n state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. It serves as the [[List of countries with multiple capitals#Subnational and supernational capitals|winter capital]] of the state and the [[Public administration|administrative headquarters]] of the [[Kangra district]] since 1855.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notification, Government of Himachal Pradesh |url=https://himachal.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/21_l892s/Dharamshala-50740507.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/its-official-dharamshala-is-second-capital-of-himachal-pradesh-4551546/ |title=It's official, Dharamshala is second capital of Himachal Pradesh |date=2 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=hillpost2017>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillpost.in/2017/01/dharamshala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal/107991/ |title=Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal |first=Arvind |last=Sharma |website=hillpost.in |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The town also hosts the [[Central Tibetan Administration|Tibetan Government-in-exile]]. Dharamshala was a [[municipal council]] until 2015, when it was upgraded to a [[Dharamshala Municipal Corporation|municipal corporation]].

The town is located in the [[Kangra Valley]], in the shadow of the [[Dhauladhar]] range of the [[Himalayas]] at an altitude of {{convert|1457|m}}. References to Dharamshala and its surrounding areas are found in ancient [[Hindu scripture]]s such as [[Rig Veda]] and [[Mahabharata]]. The region was under Mughal influence before it was captured by the [[Sikh Empire]] in 1785. The [[East India Company]] captured the region for the British following the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] of 1846, from when it became part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|the British Indian province of the Punjab]]. Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, it remained as a small hill station. In 1960, the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] was moved to Dharamshala when the 14th [[Dalai Lama]] [[Tenzin Gyatso]] established the Tibetan administration-in-exile after [[Dalai Lama's escape from China|he had to flee Tibet]].

In 2015 Dharamshala was included in the Smart Cities Mission<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart Cities |url=https://smartcities.gov.in/about-the-mission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharamshala Smart City |url=https://smartcities.gov.in/node/111}}</ref> and hence will soon have smart solutions implemented for infrastructure and clean environment.

Dharamshala can be viewed as a twin settlement, Upper Dharamshala, located at an elevation of approximately 1,830 metres, is home to the official residence and headquarters of [[14th Dalai Lama|His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama]]. This area, which includes the well-known suburbs of [[McLeod Ganj]] and Forsyth Ganj, still reflects a distinctly colonial character, echoing its British-era legacy. In contrast, Lower Dharamshala, situated at around 1,380 metres, has evolved into a bustling commercial hub, serving as the town’s primary centre for trade and business.<ref name="HPTDC">{{Cite web |title=Dharamshala – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) |url=https://hptdc.in/index.php/dharamshala/ |website=hptdc.in |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

The economy of the region is highly dependent on [[agriculture]] and [[tourism]]. The town is now a major hill station and spiritual center.

==Etymology==
''Dharamshala'' ([[Devanagari]]: धर्मशाला; [[ITRANS]]: Dharmashala; [[IAST]]: Dharmaśālā) is a [[Hindi]] word derived from [[Sanskrit]] that is a compound of the words ''[[dharma]]'' (धर्म) and ''shālā'' (शाला), literally 'House or place of Dharma'. In common usage, the word refers to a shelter or rest house for spiritual pilgrims.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dharmsala|title=Dharmsala, meaning|publisher=Merriam Webster|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> When permanent settlements were established in the region, there was one such rest house from which the settlement took its name.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_307.gif |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |chapter=Dharmsala |volume=XI |pages=301–302 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 |via=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref>

Due to a lack of uniform observance of conventions for Hindi [[transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] and [[Devanagari transliteration|transliteration of the script used]] to write it, [[Devanagari]], the name of the town has been variously [[romanised]] in English and other languages as ''Dharamshala'', ''Dharamsala'', ''Dharmshala'' and ''Dharmsala''.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> These four permutations result from two variables: the transcription of the word धर्म (dharma)—particularly the second syllable (र्म) and that of the third syllable (शा). A strict transliteration of धर्म as written would be 'dharma' {{IPA|[ˈdʱərmə]}}. In the modern spoken Hindi of the region, there is a common [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] in which the vowel and consonant sounds in the second syllable of certain words (including धर्म) are transposed, which changes 'dharma' to 'dharam' pronounced somewhere between {{IPA|[ˈdʱərəm]}} and {{IPA|[ˈdʱərm]}}. Regarding the third syllable, the Devanagari श corresponds to the English ''sh'' sound, {{IPAblink|ʃ}} and thus शाला is transcribed in English as 'shala'. Therefore, the most accurate phonetic transcription of the Hindi धर्मशाला into Roman script for common (non-technical) English usage is either 'Dharamshala' or, less commonly, 'Dharmshala', both of which render the ''sh'' ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}) sound of ''श'' in English as 'sh' to convey the correct native pronunciation, 'Dharam''sh''ala' {{IPA|[dʱərəmˈʃaːlaː]}} or 'Dharm''sh''ala' ({{IPA|[dʱərmˈʃaːlaː]}}). Regardless of spelling variations, the correct native pronunciation is with the ''sh'' sound ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}).<ref name="multiconverter">[http://tdil-dc.in/san/transliteration/table.html Mapping table with 7 methods] of Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, SLP, WX-system and IAST, Devanagari used by [http://tdil-dc.in/san/transliteration/index_dit.html ILTP-DC for Sanskrit]. [http://tdil-dc.in/san/transliteration/index_dit.html Sanskrit transliteration tool. Convert from one scheme to another]. Maintained by the 'Indian Language Technology Proliferation and deployment centre' (ILTP-DC) of the government of India. Works with 7 systems: Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, SLP, WX-system, and IAST, Devanagari.</ref>

<i>Durvasa Rishi had come here from
Maharashtra to cool his right side. Pointing to a slab of stone,
she [shri Mataji] said Durvasa Rishi had done tapasya on this shila (stone
slab) and that is why the city was called <b>Dharam shila</b> ( धर्म शिला ), but the
British pronounced it as Dharamshala!<br/>
From the book : "The Tenth Incarnation", by Yogi Mahajan,  Paperback, in Volume I, Chapter 14, page 89 </i>

* <b>Dharam shila</b> ( धर्म शिला ) is a name meaning "Dharma Rock", "rock of righteousness" or "pillar of virtue," and suggests strength and a strong moral compass. The names meaning itself is powerful: a steadfast rock representing righteous conduct.

==History==
===Early history===
References to Dharamshala and its surrounding areas are found in ancient [[Hindu scripture]]s such as [[Rig Veda]] and [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="HP">{{Cite web|url=https://hpkangra.nic.in/history/|title=History of Kangra|access-date=22 October 2023|publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref> There are mentions of the region by [[Pāṇini]] in 4th century BC and by [[China|Chinese]] traveller [[Heun Tsang]] during the reign of king [[Harshavardhana]] in 7th century AD.<ref>{{cite book|title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|first=Omacanda|last=Hāṇḍā|year=2001|page=43|publisher=Indus Publishing Company|isbn=81-85182-03-5}}</ref> The indigenous people of the Dharamshala area (and the surrounding region) are the [[Gaddis]], a predominantly [[Hindu]] group who traditionally lived a nomadic or semi-nomadic [[transhumance|transhumant]] lifestyle.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Wzkj0Wad8pumyLNu5nkfGK/A-journey-with-Gaddi-pastoralists.html |title=A journey with Gaddi Pastoralists|date=6 October 2016|newspaper=Live Mint|access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

The region was subject to attacks from Mughal rulers [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in 1009 and [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1360. In 1566, [[Akbar]] captured the region and brought it under the Mughal rule. As the Mughal rule disintegrated, [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] chieftain [[Jai Singh Kanheya|Jai Singh]] brought the region to his control and gave it to [[Sansar Chand]] of the Katoch dynasty, legitimate [[Rajput]] prince in 1785. [[Gurkhas]] invaded and captured the region in 1806 before being defeated by [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1809. The Katoch dynasty was reduced to the status of [[jagirdar]]s under the treaty of Jawalamukhi signed between Chand and Singh in 1810. Post the death of Chand, Ranjit Singh annexed the region into the Sikh empire.<ref name="HP"/>

===British occupation===
The [[East India Company]] captured the region following the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] of 1846. Under the [[British Raj]], the regions were part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|the undivided British Indian province of the Punjab]], and were ruled by the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|governors of Punjab]] from [[Lahore]].<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> In 1860, the 66th [[Gurkha]] [[Light Infantry]] was moved from [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] to Dharamshala, which was at first made a subsidiary [[cantonment]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcllo.com|title=Mcledoganj Information|publisher=mcllo.com|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> The Battalion was later renamed [[1st Gurkha Rifles]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Parker |first=John |title=The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers |publisher=Headline Book Publishing |location=London |date=2005|isbn=978-0-7553-1415-7|page=45}}</ref> Dharamshala became a popular [[hill station]] in the British Raj era.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> The [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] devastated the Kangra Valley, destroying the cantonment, much of the infrastructure of the region, and killing nearly 20,000 people: 1,625 at Dharmasala, including 15 foreigners and 112 of the Gurkha garrison.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> Many of the Gurkhas were part of the [[Indian National Army]] founded by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] taking part in the [[Indian Independence movement]].

===Post independence===
[[File:20170821 133842000 iOS.jpg|thumb|200px|The architecture in Dharamsala has a Buddhist influence]]
Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, it remained as a small hill station. On 29 April 1959, the 14th [[Dalai Lama]] [[Tenzin Gyatso]] established the Tibetan administration-in-exile in [[Mussoorie]] when [[Dalai Lama's escape from China|he had to flee Tibet]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/when-dalai-lamas-date-with-india-began-in-mussoorie-in-one-april.html |title=When Dalai lama's date with India began in Mussoorie in one April |first=Jaskiran |last=Chopra |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (India)]]|date=7 April 2016 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> In May 1960, the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] was moved to Dharamshala when [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], then [[Prime Minister of India]] allowed him and his followers to settle in [[McLeod Ganj]] north of Dharamshala.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1959 |url=https://time.com/3742242/dalai-lama-1959/|title=How and Why the Dalai Lama Left Tibet|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tears of Blood: A Cry for Tibet|last=Craig|first=Mary|publisher=Counterpoint|date=1999|isbn=978-1-5824-3025-6|location=Washington, D.C.|page=142|oclc=41431635}}</ref> There they established the "[[Government of Tibet in exile|government-in-exile]]" in 1960 and the [[Namgyal Monastery]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-tibet-idUSKBN18617F |title=U.S. lawmakers not backing down on human rights for Tibet, Pelosi says |first=Douglas |last=Busvine |work=[[Reuters]]|date=10 May 2017|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> In 1970, the Dalai Lama opened the [[Library of Tibetan Works and Archives]] which is one of the most important institutions for [[Tibetology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tibetanlibrary.org/contact/|title=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives|publisher=Tibetan Library|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>

Several thousand [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] exiles have now settled in the area where monasteries, temples, and schools have come up. It has become an important tourist destination with many hotels and restaurants, leading to growth in tourism and commerce.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/ |title=Some of the Best Bird Watching Spots in India |date=4 December 2016 |work=Petzenia Blog |access-date=10 October 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212346/https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/|url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017, Dharamshala was made the winter capital of Himachal Pradesh with the legislative assembly located at [[Sidhbari]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dharamsala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal-pradesh-1650683 |title=Dharamsala Declared Second Capital of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[NDTV India]]|date=19 January 2017|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Dharamsala-valley.jpg|thumb|200px|View of the [[Kangra Valley]] from Bhagsu Nag]]
Dharamshala has an average elevation of {{cvt|1457|m|ft}}, covering an area of almost {{cvt|8.51|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite report|title=Area of Dharamshala Town|url=http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/DevPlanDharamshala.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424075155/http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/DevPlanDharamshala.pdf|archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> Dharamsala is located in the [[Kangra Valley]], in the shadow of the [[Dhauladhar]] mountains. The town is divided into two distinct sections "Lower Dharamshala" and [[McLeod Ganj]] with a narrow road surrounded by [[pine]], [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] [[oak]], and [[rhododendron]] connecting the regions.<ref>{{cite book|title=India Forts, Palaces, the Himalaya|first1=Vanessa|last1=Betts|first2=Victoria|last2=McCulloch| year=2013|page=240|isbn=978-1-9072-6374-3|publisher=Footprint}}</ref>

==Climate==
Dharamshala has a [[monsoon]] influenced, [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cwa''). Summer begins in early April and peaks in May when temperatures can reach {{cvt|36|°C}} and lasts until the start of June. From June to mid-September is the [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon season]], when up to {{cvt|3000|mm}} of rainfall can be experienced, making Dharamshala one of the wettest places in the state. Autumn is mild and lasts from October to the end of November.

Autumn temperatures average around {{cvt|16|-|17|°C}}. Winter starts in December and continues until late February. Snow and sleet are common during the winter in upper Dharamshala (including McLeodganj, Bhagsu Nag, and Naddi). Lower Dharamshala receives little frozen precipitation except for hail. Historically, the Dhauladhar mountains used to remain snow-covered all year long; however, in recent years they have been losing their snow blanket during dry spells.<ref>{{cite book|title=Climate Change and its Ecological Implications for the Western Himalaya|last=Chopra|first=V. L.|year=2013|page=145|isbn=978-9-3873-0735-3|publisher=Scientific Publishers}}</ref>
{{Dharamshala weatherbox}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|width=300px
|title=Religions in Dharamsala<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/230-kangra.html |title=Kangra District Religion Data – Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|69.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Yellow|27.70}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Darkkhaki|1.28}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|1.85}}}}

As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Dharamshala had a population of 30,764. In 2015, the area under the administration of the municipal body was expanded with a revised population of 53,543 in 10,992 households.<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://ud-hp.in/pdf/POPULATION%20AS%20PER%20CENSUS%202011.pdf|title=ULB Population Himachal Pradesh (2011 census)|publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> Males constituted 55% of the population and females 45%. Dharamshala has an average literacy rate of 87%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 90% and female literacy is 83%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age with a [[sex ratio]] of 941.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=16 June 2004 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=1 November 2008 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> [[Hinduism]] is the most followed religion followed by [[Buddhism]]. [[Hindi]] is the official language while other languages spoken include [[Gaddi language|Gaddi]], [[Kangri language|Kangri]], [[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]], [[English language|English]], [[Lhasa Tibetan]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Pahari language|Pahari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Culture of Dharamsala - People, Language, Food, Art & Culture|url=https://www.ftd.travel/dharamsala-culture|access-date=14 May 2021|website=FTD travel|language=en-us}}</ref>

==Administration and politics==
Dharamshala became a [[municipal corporation]] in 2015; before that it had been a [[municipal council]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/Dharamsala-Municipal-Council-upgraded-to-Municipal-Corporation/articleshow/49040526.cms|title=TOI article |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 September 2015|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> The corporation has 17 wards under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edharamshala.in/Content/Wards |title=Municipal Corporation Website – Wards |date=2 March 2020}}</ref> The current [[mayor]] is Onkar Singh Nehria of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] (BJP), elected in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BJP's Onkar Nehria is Dharamsala Mayor|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bjps-onkar-nehria-is-dharamsala-mayor-238557|access-date=22 October 2023|date=4 August 2022|newspaper=Tribune|language=en}}</ref> The town is part of the [[Dharamshala Assembly constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Dharamshala Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dharamshala.html |work=Elections.in  |access-date= 1 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimination of Parliamentary constituencies, 2008|work=Election commission of India|access-date=1 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118160217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=18 November 2017}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:20170821 133215000 iOS.jpg|thumb|200px|A trekking trail in Dharamsala]]
The economy of the region is highly dependent on [[agriculture]] and [[tourism]]. The main crops grown in the valley are [[rice]], [[wheat]], and [[tea]]. Dharamshala has many tea plantations which produce the [[Kangra tea]] which has been granted [[geographical indication]] status.<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite news |title=Kangra's cup of tea is losing its aroma |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kangra-s-cup-of-tea-is-losing-its-aroma/story-JmvDHitd4ehHaPyIPHb66H.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 October 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}} |2={{cite web |title=Our Story|url=https://www.dharmsala.com/pages/our-story |website=Dharmsala Tea Company|access-date=11 October 2018}} |3={{citation|title=State Wise Registration Details of GI Applications |publisher=Office of the Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks |page=1 |work=Geographical Indication Registry |url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_18November2015.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201065403/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_18November2015.pdf |archive-date= 1 February 2016}} }}</ref>

Dharamshala is a major hill station and spiritual center.<ref>{{cite book|title=Intersections of Tourism, Migration, and Exile |date=2022 |isbn=9781-0-0082-1444 |publisher=Taylor & Francis|first1=Kathleen M. |last1=Adams |first2=Natalia |last2=Bloch}}</ref> It hosts a number of trekking trails across the [[Himalayas]] into the upper [[Ravi River|Ravi]] Valley and [[Chamba district]]. Trekking trails include [[Hiking|hikes]] to Indrahar Pass (4,342 meters or 14,245 ft) Toral Pass ({{cvt|4575|m|disp=or}}), Bhimghasutri Pass ({{cvt|4580|m|disp=or}}), Dharamshala—Bleni Pass ({{cvt|3710|m|disp=or}}), Kareri Lake, Himani Chamunda, Thatarna and [[Triund]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA489 |title=The Rough Guide to India |publisher=Rough Guide Travel Guides |date=2003 |first=David |last=Abram |isbn=9781843530893 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siddhiyoga.com/dharamsala-full-experience-beyond-yoga |title=Dharamsala: The Full Experience Beyond Yoga |first=Meera |last=Watts |website=siddhiyoga.com |date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Road===
National Highway [[National Highway 503 (India)|NH 503]] starts from Dharmashala and connects the town to [[Hoshiarpur]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] via Kangra. State highways link the town with [[National Highway 154 (India)|NH 154]] running from [[Pathankot]] to [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dharamshala is well connected by road, with luxury buses regularly operating from major cities like Delhi and Shimla. The [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation|Himachal Pradesh Road Transport Corporation]] (HRTC) runs a daily luxury coach service between Delhi and Dharamshala. In addition, both public and private buses are available from the main Dharamshala Bus Stand, providing connectivity to various towns and cities across Himachal Pradesh and beyond.<ref name="HPTDC"/>

===Air===
The town is served by [[Kangra Airport|Kangra Ghaggal Airport]] located about {{cvt|12|km}} to the town's south.<ref name="gaggal">{{cite web|title=Kangra Airport|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/kangra-gaggal|access-date=28 October 2017|work=[[Airports Authority of India]]}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[Pathankot Junction railway station|Pathankot]], {{cvt|90|km}} away, is the nearest major rail head.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/pathankot-junction-ptk/92|title= Pathankot Junction railway station|website=India Rail Info |access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> The [[Kangra Valley Railway]] is a {{TrackGauge|2ft 6in}} gauge railway that runs from [[Pathankot, Punjab]] to [[Jogindernagar]] through the [[Kangra Valley]] with the nearest station to Dharamshala being Chamunda Marg, located about {{cvt|22|km}} southeast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/heritage/story/kangras-narrow-gauge-rail-corridor-is-all-set-to-get-heritage-status-unesco-321325-2016-05-03|title=Kangras narrow gauge rail get UNESCO heritage status|date=3 May 2015|access-date=23 October 2023|newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

===Ropeway===
A {{cvt|1.8|km}} long ropeway called ''Dharamshala Skyway'' connecting Dharamshala and Mcleodganj via cable car was inaugurated in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/now-you-can-take-a-cable-car-ride-between-dharamshala-and-mcleodganj-news-44794|title=Dharamshala Skywalk Inaugurated|date=21 January 2022|work=Outlook|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>

==Education==
Major educational institutions include [[Central University of Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Government College of Teacher Education Dharamsala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highereducationinindia.com/institutes/govt-college-of-teacher-education-2773.php|title=Government College of Teacher Education Dharamsala|website=highereducation.com|access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref>

==Sports and recreation==
[[File:Dharamshala Cricket Stadium Landscape.jpg|thumb|200px|HPCA cricket stadium at Dharamshala]]
[[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]] is a [[cricket]] stadium located in Dharamshala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://himachal.us/2007/11/15/cricket-ground-dharamsala/3611/media/photo-news/rsood |title=Cricket ground, Dharamsala |access-date=12 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807002500/http://himachal.us/2007/11/15/cricket-ground-dharamsala/3611/media/photo-news/rsood |archive-date=7 August 2009 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Situated at an altitude of 1317m, it is one of the highest altitude cricket stadiums.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/himachal-pradesh-cricket-association-stadium-dharamsala-58056|title=Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association|publisher=ESPN cricinfo|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> It has a capacity of 23,000 and serves as the home ground to the [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team]] and [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] team [[Kings XI Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-venues.html |title=HotStar Live Cricket Match Online Today, IPL 2016 Live Streaming, Sony Six Live Telecast, Sony ESPN: ICC T20 World Cup 2016 Venues |publisher=t20wclivestream2016.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201115131/http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-venues.html |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-schedule.html |title=HotStar Live Cricket Match Online Today, IPL 2016 Live Streaming, Sony Six Live Telecast, Sony ESPN: ICC T20 World Cup 2016 Schedule |publisher=t20wclivestream.in |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201114439/http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-schedule.html |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Traditional shopping streets are located in Kotwali Bazaar. Malls and multiplex cinemas are found on the National Highway Road in the Chilgari area, near Kotwali Bazaar and the main bus stand. [[Dharamshala International Film Festival|DIFF]] was established in 2012 to promote contemporary art, cinema and independent media practices in the Himalayan region.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-warmth-of-human-stories/article25444062.ece |title=The warmth of human stories |first=Murtaza |last=Ali Khan |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 November 2018 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> [[Hari Kothi]] is a historic property located in the town.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rathore|first=Abhinay|title=Kutlehar (Jagir)|url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/kutlehar |access-date=8 January 2023|website=Rajput Provinces of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Mehr Chand Mahajan]] (1889–1967), former [[Chief Justice of India]] 
*[[Chandrarekha Dhadwal]] (born 1951), writer, poet, novelist and retired lecturer
*[[Tenzin Gyatso]], 14th [[Dalai Lama]]
*[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]]
*[[Alfred W. Hallett]], artist
*[[Kishan Kapoor]], Member of Parliament 
*[[Sher Jung Thapa]] Indian Army
*[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]], former minister of cultural & external affairs government of India. 
*[[Sudhir Sharma]], politician.

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Official|https://himachaltourism.gov.in|Himachal Pradesh Tourism Official Website}}

{{commons category|Dharamshala}}{{Wikivoyage|Dharamsala}}{{Himachal Pradesh topics}}{{Authority control}}

{{Kangra district}}

[[Category:Dharamshala| ]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kangra district]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1849]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Himachal Pradesh]]