Editing Digital Audio Access Protocol

{{Short description|For sharing music in Apple's iTunes}}
The '''Digital Audio Access Protocol''' ('''DAAP''') is the [[proprietary protocol]] introduced by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] in its [[iTunes]] software to share media across a local network.

DAAP addresses the same problems for Apple as the [[Universal Plug and Play#AV standards|UPnP AV standards]] address for members of the [[Digital Living Network Alliance]] (DLNA).

== Description ==
The DAAP protocol was originally introduced in iTunes version 4.0.<ref name="dappdoc">[http://tapjam.net/daap/ "Unofficial DAAP protocol documentation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222074557/http://tapjam.net/daap/ |date=2012-02-22 }} by Daniel Garcia, retrieved December 2, 2006</ref> Initially, Apple did not officially release a protocol description, but it has been reverse-engineered to a sufficient degree that reimplementations of the protocol for non-iTunes platforms have been possible.

A DAAP server is a specialized [[HTTP]] server, which performs two functions. It sends a list of songs and it streams requested songs to clients. There are also provisions to notify the client of changes to the server. Requests are sent to the server by the client in form of URLs and are responded to with data in {{mono|application/x-dmap-tagged}} mime-type, which can be converted to [[XML]] by the client. iTunes uses the [[zeroconf]] (also known as [[Bonjour (software)|Bonjour]]) service to announce and discover DAAP shares on a local [[Subnetwork|subnet]]. The DAAP service uses [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] port 3689 by default.<ref>[https://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers "Well Known Port Numbers"] by ''[[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]]'', November 30, 2006, retrieved December 2, 2006</ref>

DAAP is one of two media sharing schemes that Apple has currently released. The other, [[Digital Photo Access Protocol]] (DPAP), is used by [[iPhoto]] for sharing images. They both rely on an underlying protocol, [[Digital Media Access Protocol]] (DMAP).

Early versions of iTunes allowed users to connect to shares across the Internet, however, in recent versions only computers on the same subnet can share music (workarounds such as [[Port forwarding|port tunneling]] are possible). ''[[The Register]]'' speculates that Apple made this move in response to pressure from the record labels.<ref>[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/05/28/apple_halts_itunes_internet_sharing/ "Apple halts iTunes' Internet sharing ability"] by Tony Smith, ''The Register'', May 28, 2003, retrieved August 31, 2006</ref> More recent versions of iTunes also limit the number of clients to 5 unique [[IP address]]es within a 24-hour period.

DAAP has also been implemented in other non-iTunes media applications such as [[Banshee (music player)|Banshee]], [[Amarok (software)|Amarok]], [[Exaile]] (with a plugin), [[Songbird (software)|Songbird]] (with a plugin), [[Rhythmbox]], and [[WiFiTunes]].

== DAAP authentication ==
Beginning with iTunes 4.2, Apple introduced authentication to DAAP sharing, meaning that the only clients that could connect to iTunes servers were other instances of iTunes. This was further modified in iTunes 4.5 to use a custom hashing algorithm, rather than the standard [[MD5]] function used previously. Both authentication methods were successfully reverse engineered within months of release.<ref name="slash 4.5 cracked">{{cite web|url=http://apple.slashdot.org/apple/04/04/29/1554231.shtml|title=iTunes 4.5 Authentication Cracked|date=April 29, 2004|accessdate=March 12, 2007}}</ref>

With iTunes 7.0, a new 'Client-DAAP-Validation' header hash is needed when connecting to an iTunes 7.0 server. This does not affect third-party DAAP servers, and all DAAP clients without support for this feature, including iTunes itself before version 7.0, will fail to connect to an iTunes 7.0 server, receiving a '403 Forbidden' HTTP error. The iTunes 7.0 authentication [[traffic analysis]] seem to indicate that a certificate exchange is performed to calculate the hash sent in the 'Client-DAAP-Validation' header. 

==DAAP clients==
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!Name
!Platform: Desktop
!Platform: Portable
!Platform: Devices/Other
!Platform: TVs
!Development status
|-
|[[IOS#Applications|iOS Music app]] (formerly iPod app)
| 
|iOS (by setting: password on Settings, then More>Shared), since [[IOS version history#iOS 4|iOS 4.3]]
| 
| 
|Native
|-
|[[Amarok (software)|Amarok]]
|Windows, Mac, Linux
|
|
|
|Active
|-
|[[Banshee (media player)|Banshee]]
|Windows, Mac, Linux
|
|
|
|Active
|-
|Crossfire
|
|
|Cross-platform Ajax-based Firefly client, with multiple browser support<br>
Safari (inc. [[iOS]]), Nokia, Opera, IE, Chrome
|
|Active
|-
|DAAP Client
|
|[[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|
|
|Dormant
|-
|-
|DAAP Media Player
|
|[[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|
|
|Active
|-
|Diapente
|
|[[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|
|
|Dormant
|-
|FireflyClient
|
|
|Independent (uses [[Java (programming language)|Java]])
|
|Dormant
|-
|Get it together
|
|
|Any Java supported platform
|
|Dormant
|-
|[[iTunes]]
|Windows, Mac
|iOS
|[[Apple TV]]
|
|Native
|-
|[[LimeWire]]
|Windows, Mac, Linux
|
|
|
|Active
|-
|One2OhMyGod
|
|
|Any Java supported platform
|
|Dormant
|-
|[[Rhythmbox]]
|Linux
|
|
|
|Active
|-
|Roku Soundbridge and Radio
|
|
|[[Roku]]
|
|Dormant
|-
|WiFiTunes
|
|PocketPC
|
|
|Dormant
|-
|[[Songbird (software)|Songbird]]
|Windows, Mac, Linux (unsupported)
|
|
|
|Dormant, via plugin for 1.8.0
|-
|SoundBox
|Windows, Mac
|
|
|
|Active
|-
|Silverplay
|
|
|Only [[Silverlight]] required
|
|Active
|-
|Simple DAAP Client
|
|iOS
|
|
|Dormant
|-
|Winamp with ml_daap plugin
|Windows
|
|
|
|Winamp discontinued on 12/20/2013; ml_daap dormant, depends on Apple Bonjour support for Windows
|-
|[[XBMC]]
|Windows, Mac, Linux
|[[XBMC#XBMC Live|XBMC Live]] iPad
|[[Apple TV]] (2nd generation) only, and some others
|
|Active
|}

==DAAP servers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Name !! colspan=4 | Operating system !! rowspan=2 | Development status
|-
! [[Linux]] || [[macOS]] || [[Microsoft Windows]] || Other
|-
| [[iTunes]]
| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [[Music (software)|Apple Music]]
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [https://github.com/owntone/owntone-server OwnTone]
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes|[[FreeBSD]]}}
| Active
|-
| [[Firefly Media Server|Firefly Media Server (mt-daapd)]]
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|[[FreeBSD]]}}
| Dormant
|-
| Tangerine
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|FreeBSD}}
| Dormant
|-
| spydaap DAAP server (python)
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|FreeBSD}}
| Dormant
|-
| [[FreeNAS]] and NAS4Free
|  {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes|FreeBSD}}
| Active
|-
| [[NASLite M2]]
|  {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [[OpenMediaVault]]
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [[Ampache]]
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|FreeBSD}}
| Active
|-
| [[Rhythmbox]]
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [https://github.com/alanszlosek/node-daapd node-daapd]
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Dormant
|-
| [https://www.wildmediaserver.com Wild Media Server (UPnP, DLNA, HTTP)]
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [https://github.com/mycoboco/canary canary]
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|-
| [https://www.flyn.org/projects/dmapd/ dmapd]
| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}
| Active
|}

==See also==
* [[Digital Audio Control Protocol]]
* [[Remote Audio Output Protocol]]

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

{{iOS}}
{{iPod}}
{{Apple|state=expanded}}
{{Music industry}}


[[Category:Apple Inc. services]]
[[Category:ITunes]]
[[Category:Data transmission]]
[[Category:Network protocols]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 2003]]