Editing Dinosaur classification

{{short description|Various classifications of Dinosauria}}
[[File:Evolution of dinosaurs EN.svg|thumb|right|450px|Classification of dinosaurs]]

'''Dinosaur classification''' began in 1842 when [[Sir Richard Owen]] placed ''[[Iguanodon]]'', ''[[Megalosaurus]]'', and ''[[Hylaeosaurus]]'' in "a distinct tribe or suborder of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would propose the name of [[Dinosaur]]ia."<ref>{{harvnb|Owen|1842}}</ref>  In 1887 and 1888 [[Harry Seeley]] divided dinosaurs into the two orders [[Saurischia]] and [[Ornithischia]], based on their hip structure.<ref>{{harvnb|Seeley|1888}}. While the paper was published in 1888, it was first delivered in 1887.</ref> These divisions have proved remarkably enduring, even through several seismic changes in the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of dinosaurs.

The largest change was prompted by [[entomologist]] [[Willi Hennig]]'s work in the 1950s, which evolved into modern [[cladistics]]. For specimens known only from [[fossil]]s, the rigorous analysis of [[synapomorphy|characters]] to determine evolutionary relationships between different groups of animals (''clades'') proved incredibly useful. As computer-based cladistics matured in the 1990s, [[paleontology|paleontologists]] were among the first [[zoology|zoologists]] to broadly adopt the system.<ref name=bruchu2001>{{cite journal | last1 = Brochu | first1 = C.A. | last2 = Sumrall | first2 = C.D. | year = 2001 | title = Phylogenetic nomenclature and paleontology | journal = Journal of Paleontology | volume = 75 | issue = 4| pages = 754–757 | doi = 10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0754:PNAP>2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85927950 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/14974/files/PAL_E2123.pdf }}</ref> Progressive scrutiny and work upon dinosaurian interrelationships, with the aid of new discoveries that have shed light on previously uncertain relationships between taxa, have begun to yield a stabilizing classification since the mid-2000s. While cladistics is the predominant classificatory system among paleontology professionals, the [[Linnean taxonomy|Linnean system]] is still in use, especially in works intended for popular distribution.

==Benton classification==
As most dinosaur paleontologists have advocated a shift away from traditional, ranked [[Linnaean taxonomy]] in favor of rankless [[phylogenetic]] systems,<ref name=bruchu2001/> few ranked taxonomies of dinosaurs have been published since the 1980s. The following schema is among the most recent, from the third edition of ''[[Vertebrate Palaeontology (Benton)|Vertebrate Palaeontology]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Benton |title=Classification of the vertebrates |url=http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/vertclass.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019121413/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/vertclass.html |archive-date=2008-10-19}}. Published as an Appendix to {{harvnb|Benton|2004}}</ref> a respected undergraduate textbook. While it is structured so as to reflect evolutionary relationships (similar to a [[cladistics|cladogram]]), it also retains the traditional ranks used in Linnaean taxonomy. The classification has been updated from the second edition in 2000 to reflect new research, but remains fundamentally conservative. 

[[Michael Benton]] classifies all dinosaurs within the Series [[Amniota]], Class [[Sauropsida]], Subclass [[Diapsida]], Infraclass [[Archosauromorpha]], Division [[Archosaur]]ia, Subdivision [[Avemetatarsalia]], Infradivision [[Ornithodira]], and Superorder [[Dinosauria]]. Dinosauria is then divided into the two traditional orders, [[Saurischia]] and [[Ornithischia]]. The dagger (†) is used to indicate taxa with [[extinct|no living members]].

=== Order Saurischia ===

* '''Suborder [[Theropoda]]'''
** †Infraorder [[Herrerasauria]]
** †Infraorder [[Coelophysoidea]]
** †Infraorder [[Ceratosauria]]+
*** †Parvorder [[Neoceratosauria]]+
**** †Superfamily [[Abelisauroidea]]
***** †Family [[Abelisauridae]]
***** †Family [[Noasauridae]]
**** †Family [[Ceratosauridae]]
** Infraorder [[Tetanurae]]
*** †Superfamily [[Megalosauroidea]]
**** †Family [[Megalosauridae]]
**** †Family [[Spinosauridae]]
*** †Parvorder [[Carnosauria]]
**** †Superfamily [[Allosauroidea]]
***** †Family [[Allosauridae]]
***** †Family [[Carcharodontosauridae]]
***** †Family [[Neovenatoridae]]
***** †Family [[Metriacanthosauridae]]
*** Parvorder [[Coelurosauria]]
**** †Family [[Coeluridae]]
**** Division [[Maniraptoriformes]]
***** †Family [[Tyrannosauridae]]
***** †Family [[Ornithomimidae]]
***** Subdivision [[Maniraptora]]
****** †Family [[Alvarezsauridae]]
****** †Family [[Therizinosauridae]]
****** †Infradivision [[Deinonychosauria]]
******* †Family [[Troodontidae]]
******* †Family [[Dromaeosauridae]]
******* Class [[Aves]]
* †'''Suborder [[Sauropodomorpha]]'''
** †''[[Thecodontosaurus]]''
** †Family [[Plateosauridae]]
** †''[[Riojasaurus]]''
** †Family [[Massospondylidae]]
** †Infraorder [[Sauropoda]]
*** †Family [[Vulcanodontidae]]
*** †Family [[Omeisauridae]]
*** †Parvorder [[Neosauropoda]]
**** †Family [[Cetiosauridae]]
**** †Family [[Diplodocidae]]
**** †Division [[Macronaria]]
***** †Family [[Camarasauridae]]
***** †Subdivision [[Titanosauriformes]]
****** †Family [[Brachiosauridae]]
****** †Infradivision [[Somphospondyli]]
******* †Family [[Euhelopodidae]]
******* †Family [[Titanosauridae]]

===†Order Ornithischia [[File:Ornithischia pelvis structure.svg|frameless|40x40px]]===
* †Family [[Pisanosauridae]]
* †Family [[Fabrosauridae]]
* '''†Suborder [[Thyreophora]]'''
** †Family [[Scelidosauridae]]
** †Infraorder [[Stegosauria]]
*** †Family [[Huayangosauridae]] 
*** †Family [[Stegosauridae]]
** †Infraorder [[Ankylosauria]]
*** †Family [[Nodosauridae]]
*** †Family [[Ankylosauridae]]
* '''†Suborder [[Cerapoda]]'''
** †Infraorder [[Pachycephalosauria]]
** †Infraorder [[Ceratopsia]]
*** †Family [[Psittacosauridae]]
*** †Family [[Protoceratopsidae]]
*** †Family [[Ceratopsidae]]
** †Infraorder [[Ornithopoda]]
*** †Family [[Heterodontosauridae]]
*** †Family [[Hypsilophodontidae]]
*** †Family [[Iguanodontidae]] [[Paraphyletic|*]]
*** †Family [[Hadrosauridae]]

== Weishampel / Dodson / Osmólska classification==
The following is based on the second edition of ''The Dinosauria'',<ref>{{harvnb|Weishampel|2004}}</ref> a compilation of articles by experts in the field that provided the most comprehensive coverage of Dinosauria available when it was first published in 1990. The second edition updates and revises that work. 

The cladogram and [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] definitions below reflect the current understanding of evolutionary relationships. The taxa and symbols in parentheses after a given taxa define these relationships. The plus symbol ("+") between taxa indicates the given taxa is a node-based clade, defined as comprising all descendants of the last common ancestor of the "added" taxa. The greater-than symbol (">") indicates the given taxon is a stem-based taxon, comprising all organisms sharing a common ancestor that is not also an ancestor of the "lesser" taxon.

===Saurischia [[File:Saurischia pelvis structure.svg|frameless|40x40px]]===
(''[[Triceratops]]''/''[[Stegosaurus]]'')
* [[Herrerasauria]] (''[[Herrerasaurus]]'' > ''Liliensternus'', ''[[Plateosaurus]]'')
** [[Herrerasauridae]] (''Herrerasaurus'' + ''[[Staurikosaurus]]'')
* ? ''[[Eoraptor]] lunensis''
* '''[[Sauropodomorpha]]''' (''[[Saltasaurus]]'' > [[Theropoda]])
** ? ''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]] tupiniquim''
** ? [[Thecodontosauridae]]
** [[Prosauropoda]] (''[[Plateosaurus]]'' > [[Sauropoda]])
*** ? [[Thecodontosauridae]]
*** ? [[Anchisauria]] (''[[Anchisaurus]]'' + ''[[Melanorosaurus]]'')
**** ? [[Anchisauridae]] (''Anchisaurus'' > ''Melanorosaurus'')
**** ? [[Melanorosauridae]] (''Melanorosaurus'' > ''Anchisaurus'')
*** [[Plateosauria]] (''[[Jingshanosaurus]]'' + ''Plateosaurus'')
**** [[Massospondylidae]]
**** [[Yunnanosaurus|Yunnanosauridae]]
**** [[Plateosauridae]] (''Plateosaurus'' > ''Yunnanosaurus'', ''[[Massospondylus]]'')
** [[Sauropoda]] (''Saltasaurus'' > ''Plateosaurus'')
*** ? [[Anchisauridae]]
*** ? [[Melanorosauridae]]
*** [[Blikanasauridae]]
*** [[Vulcanodontidae]]
*** [[Eusauropoda]] (''[[Shunosaurus]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
**** ? [[Euhelopodidae]]
**** [[Mamenchisauridae]]
**** [[Cetiosauridae]] (''[[Cetiosaurus]]'' > ''Saltasaurus'')
**** [[Neosauropoda]] (''[[Diplodocus]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
***** [[Diplodocoidea]] (''Diplodocus'' > ''Saltasaurus'')
****** [[Rebbachisauridae]] (''[[Rebbachisaurus]]'' > ''Diplodocus'')
****** [[Flagellicaudata]]
******* [[Dicraeosauridae]] (''[[Dicraeosaurus]]'' > ''Diplodocus'')
******* [[Diplodocidae]] (''Diplodocus'' > ''Dicraeosaurus'', ''[[Apatosaurus]]'')
***** [[Macronaria]] (''Saltasaurus'' > ''Diplodocus'')
****** ? ''[[Jobaria]] tiguidensis''
****** [[Camarasauromorpha]] (''[[Camarasaurus]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
******* [[Camarasauridae]]
******* [[Titanosauriformes]] (''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
******** [[Brachiosauridae]] (''Brachiosaurus'' > ''Saltasaurus'')
******** [[Titanosauria]] (''Saltasaurus'' > ''Brachiosaurus'')
********* [[Andesauridae]]
********* [[Lithostrotia]] (''[[Malawisaurus]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
********** ''[[Isisaurus]] colberti''
********** ''[[Paralititan]] stromeri''
********** [[Nemegtosauridae]]
********** [[Saltasauridae]] (''[[Opisthocoelicaudia]]'' + ''Saltasaurus'')
* '''[[Theropoda]]''' (''[[Passer|Passer domesticus]]'' > ''Cetiosaurus oxoniensis'')
** ? ''[[Eoraptor]] lunensis''
** ? [[Herrerasaur]]idae
** [[Ceratosauria]] (''[[Ceratosaurus]] nasicornis'' > [[Aves]])
*** ? [[Coelophysoidea]] (''[[Coelophysis]]'' > ''Ceratosaurus'')
**** ? ''[[Dilophosaurus]] wetherilli''
**** [[Coelophysidae]] (''[[Coelophysis]]'' + ''[[Megapnosaurus]]'')
*** ? [[Neoceratosauria]] (''Ceratosaurus'' > ''Coelophysis'')
**** [[Ceratosauridae]]
**** [[Abelisauroidea]] (''[[Carnotaurus]] sastrei'' > ''C. nasicornis'')
***** [[Abelisauria]] (''[[Noasaurus]]'' + ''[[Carnotaurus]]'')
****** [[Noasauridae]]
****** [[Abelisauridae]] (''[[Abelisaurus]] comahuensis'' + ''C. sastrei'')
******* [[Carnotaurinae]] (''Carnotaurus'' > ''Abelisaurus'')
******* [[Abelisaurinae]] (''Abelisaurus'' > ''Carnotaurus'')
** [[Tetanurae]] (''P. domesticus'' > ''C. nasicornis'')
*** ? [[Spinosauroidea]] (''[[Spinosaurus]] aegyptiacus'' > ''P. domesticus'')
**** [[Megalosauridae]] (''[[Megalosaurus]] bucklandii'' > ''P. domesticus'', ''S. aegyptiacus'', ''Allosaurus fragilis'')
***** [[Megalosaurinae]] (''M. bucklandii'' > ''[[Eustreptospondylus]] oxoniensis'')
***** [[Eustreptospondylinae]] (''E. oxoniensis'' > ''M. bucklandii'')
**** [[Spinosauridae]] (''S. aegyptiacus'' > ''P. domesticus'', ''M. bucklandii'', ''A. fragilis'')
***** [[Baryonychinae]] (''[[Baryonyx]] walkeri'' > ''S. aegyptiacus'')
***** [[Spinosaurinae]] (''S. aegyptiacus'' > ''B. walkeri'')
*** [[Avetheropoda]] (''A. fragilis'' + ''P. domesticus'')
**** [[Carnosauria]] (''A. fragilis'' > [[Aves]])
***** ? [[Spinosauroidea]]
***** ''[[Monolophosaurus]] jiangi''
***** [[Allosauroidea]] (''A. fragilis'' + ''[[Sinraptor]] dongi'')
****** [[Allosauridae]] (''[[Allosaurus|A. fragilis]]'' > ''S. dongi'', ''[[Carcharodontosaurus]] saharicus'')
****** [[Sinraptoridae]] (''S. dongi'' > ''A. fragilis'', ''C. saharicus'')
****** [[Carcharodontosauridae]] (''C. saharicus'' > ''A. fragilis'', ''S. dongi'')
**** [[Coelurosauria]] (''P. domesticus'' > ''A. fragilis'')
***** [[Compsognathidae]] (''[[Compsognathus]] longipes'' > ''P. domesticus'')
***** ''[[Proceratosaurus]] bradleyi''
***** ''[[Ornitholestes]] hermanni''
***** [[Tyrannoraptora]] (''[[Tyrannosaurus]] rex'' + ''P. domesticus'')
****** ''[[Coelurus]] fragilis''
****** [[Tyrannosauroidea]] (''T. rex'' > ''[[Ornithomimus]] velox'', ''[[Deinonychus]] antirrhopus'', ''A. fragilis'')
******* [[Dryptosauridae]]
******* [[Tyrannosauridae]] (''T. rex'' + ''[[Tarbosaurus]] bataar'' + ''[[Daspletosaurus]] torosus'' + ''[[Albertosaurus]] sarcophagus'' + ''[[Gorgosaurus]] libratus'')
******** [[Tyrannosaurinae]] (''T. rex'' > ''A. sarcophagus'')
******** [[Albertosaurinae]] (''A. sarcophagus'' > ''T. rex'')
****** [[Maniraptoriformes]] (''O. velox'' + ''P. domesticus'')
******* [[Ornithomimosauria]] (''[[Gallimimus]]'' bullatus + ''[[Ornithomimus]] edmontonicus'' + ''Pelecanimimus polyodon'')
******** [[Harpymimidae]]
******** [[Garudimimidae]]
******** [[Ornithomimidae]]
******* [[Maniraptora]] (''P. domesticus'' > ''O. velox'')
******** [[Oviraptorosauria]] (''[[Oviraptor]] philoceratops'' > ''P. domesticus'')
********* [[Caenagnathoidea]] (''O. philoceratops'' + ''Caenagnathus collinsi'')
********** [[Caenagnathidae]] (''C. collinsi'' > ''O. philoceratops'')
********** [[Oviraptoridae]] (''O. philoceratops'' > ''C. collinsi'')
*********** [[Oviraptorinae]] (''O. philoceratops'' + ''Citipati osmolskae'')
********* [[Therizinosauroidea]] (''[[Therizinosaurus]]'' + ''[[Beipiaosaurus]]'')
********** [[Alxasauridae]]
********** [[Therizinosauridae]]
******** [[Paraves]] (''P. domesticus'' > ''O. philoceratops'')
********* [[Eumaniraptora]] (''P. domesticus'' + ''D. antirrhopus'')
********** [[Deinonychosauria]] (''D. antirrhopus'' > ''P. domesticus'' or ''[[Dromaeosaurus]] albertensis'' + ''[[Troodon]] formosus'')
*********** [[Troodontidae]] (''T. formosus'' > ''[[Velociraptor]] mongoliensis'')
*********** [[Dromaeosauridae]] (''[[Microraptor]] zhaoianus'' + ''[[Sinornithosaurus]] millenii'' + ''V. mongoliensis'')
********** [[Avialae]] (''[[Archaeopteryx]]'' + Neornithes)

===Ornithischia [[File:Ornithischia pelvis structure.svg|frameless|40x40px]]===
(''[[Iguanodon]]''/''Triceratops'' > ''Cetiosaurus''/''Tyrannosaurus'')
* ? ''[[Lesothosaurus]] diagnosticus''
* ? [[Heterodontosauridae]]
* [[Genasauria]] (''[[Ankylosaurus]]'' + ''Triceratops'')
** '''[[Thyreophora]]''' (''Ankylosaurus'' > ''Triceratops'')
*** [[Scelidosauridae]]
*** [[Eurypoda]] (''Ankylosaurus'' + ''Stegosaurus'')
**** [[Stegosauria]] (''Stegosaurus'' > ''Ankylosaurus'')
***** [[Huayangosauridae]] (''Huayangosaurus'' > ''Stegosaurus'')
***** [[Stegosauridae]] (''Stegosaurus'' > ''Huayangosaurus'')
****** ''[[Dacentrurus]] armatus''
****** [[Stegosaurinae]] (''Stegosaurus'' > ''Dacentrurus'')
**** [[Ankylosauria]] (''Ankylosaurus'' > ''Stegosaurus'')
***** [[Ankylosauridae]] (''Ankylosaurus'' > ''Panoplosaurus'')
****** ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]] burgei''
****** ''[[Shamosaurus]] scutatus''
****** [[Ankylosaurinae]] (''Ankylosaurus'' > ''Shamosaurus'')
***** [[Nodosauridae]] (''Panoplosaurus'' > ''Ankylosaurus'')
** '''[[Cerapoda]]''' (''Triceratops'' > ''Ankylosaurus'')
*** [[Ornithopoda]] (''[[Edmontosaurus]]'' > ''Triceratops'')
**** ? ''[[Lesothosaurus]] diagnosticus''
**** ? [[Heterodontosauridae]]
**** [[Euornithopoda]]
***** ''[[Hypsilophodon]] foxii''
***** ''[[Thescelosaurus]] neglectus''
***** [[Iguanodontia]] (''Edmontosaurus'' > ''Thescelosaurus'')
****** ''[[Tenontosaurus]] tilletti''
****** [[Rhabdodontidae]]
****** [[Dryomorpha]]
******* [[Dryosauridae]]
******* [[Ankylopollexia]]
******** [[Camptosauridae]]
******** [[Styracosterna]]
********* ''[[Lurdusaurus]] arenatus''
********* [[Iguanodontoidea]] (=[[Hadrosauriformes]])
********** [[Iguanodontidae]]
********** [[Hadrosauridae]] (''Telmatosaurus'' + ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'' + ''[[Corythosaurus]]'')
*********** ''[[Telmatosaurus]] transsylvanicus''
*********** [[Euhadrosauria]]
************ [[Lambeosaurinae]]
************ [[Saurolophinae]] (=[[Hadrosaurinae]])
*** [[Marginocephalia]]
**** [[Pachycephalosauria]] (''[[Pachycephalosaurus]] wyomingensis'' > ''Triceratops horridus'')
***** [[Goyocephala]] (''Goyocephale'' + ''Pachycephalosaurus'')
****** [[Homalocephaloidea]] (''[[Homalocephale]]'' + ''Pachycephalosaurus'')
******* [[Homalocephalidae]]
******* [[Pachycephalosauridae]]
**** [[Ceratopsia]] (''Triceratops'' > ''Pachycephalosaurus'')
***** [[Psittacosauridae]]
***** [[Neoceratopsia]]
****** [[Coronosauria]]
******* [[Protoceratopsidae]]
******* [[Bagaceratopidae]]
******* [[Ceratopsoidea]]
******** [[Leptoceratopsidae]]
******** [[Ceratopsomorpha]]
********* [[Ceratopsidae]] (''[[Triceratops]]'' + ''[[Styracosaurus]]'')
********** [[Centrosaurinae]]
********** [[Chasmosaurinae]]

==Baron / Norman / Barrett classification==
In 2017 Matthew G. Baron and his colleagues published a new analysis proposing to put Theropoda (except Herrerasauridae) and Ornithischia within a group called Ornithoscelida (a name originally coined by [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] in 1870), redefining Saurischia to cover Sauropodomorpha and Herrerasauridae. Amongst other things this would require [[Hypercarnivore|hypercarnivory]] to have evolved independently for Theropoda and Herrerasauridae.<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Baron   |first1 = M.G.
 |last2 =N orman  |first2 = D.B.
 |last3 = Barrett |first3 = P.M.
 |year = 2017
 |title = A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution
 |journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume = 543  |issue = 7646  |pages = 501–506
 |doi=10.1038/nature21700 |pmid=28332513
 |bibcode=2017Natur.543..501B |s2cid=187506290
 |url=http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/3857/2/Supplementary%20Information%20_%20MGB%20_%20DBN%20_%20PMB.pdf
 |via=eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
 | last    = Naish  | first=Darren
 | date    = 22 March 2017
 | title   = Ornithoscelida rises: A new family tree for dinosaurs
 | website = [[Scientific American]]
 | department = Tetrapod Zoology
 | type    = blog
 | url     = https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/ornithoscelida-rises-a-new-family-tree-for-dinosaurs/
 | access-date = 24 March 2017  |url-status = live
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230303183619/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/ornithoscelida-rises-a-new-family-tree-for-dinosaurs/
 | archive-date = 2023-03-03 |df = dmy-all
}}
</ref> This scheme is currently debated among palaeontologists, with recent studies finding little difference between the traditional and newly proposed models.<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Langer   |first1 = Max C.            |last2 = Ezcurra |first2 = Martín D.
 |last3 = Rauhut   |first3 = Oliver W.M.       |last4 = Benton  |first4 = Michael J.
 |last5 = Knoll    |first5 = Fabien            |last6 = McPhee  |first6 = Blair W.
 |last7 = Novas    |first7 = Fernando E.       |last8 = Pol     |first8 = Diego
 |last9 = Brusatte |first9 = Stephen L.
 |display-authors = 6
 |year = 2017
 |title = Untangling the dinosaur family tree
 |journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume = 551 |issue = 7678 |pages = E1–E3
 |bibcode = 2017Natur.551E...1L  |s2cid = 205260354
 |doi = 10.1038/nature24011   |pmid = 29094688 
 |hdl = 1983/d088dae2-c7fa-4d41-9fa2-aeebbfcd2fa3
 |url = https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/136903911/Langer_et_al._reply_to_Baron_et_al._mjb.pdf
 |via = research-information.bristol.ac.uk
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Baron   |first1 = Matthew G.
 |last2 = Norman  |first2 = David B.
 |last3 = Barrett |first3 = Paul M.
 |year = 2017
 |title = Baron et al. reply
 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume = 551  |issue = 7678  |pages = E4–E5
 |bibcode = 2017Natur.551E...4B  |pmid = 29094705
 |doi = 10.1038/nature24012  |s2cid = 205260360
}}
</ref>
 
*'''Dinosauria'''
** [[Ornithoscelida]]
*** [[Ornithischia]]
*** [[Theropoda]]
** [[Saurischia]]
*** [[Sauropodomorpha]]
*** [[Herrerasauridae]]

== Cau 2018 ==
In his paper about the stepwise evolution of the [[Bird|avian]] [[bauplan]], Cau (2018) found in the parsimony analysis a [[polytomy]] between herrerasaur-grade taxa, [[Sauropodomorpha]] and the controversial [[Ornithoscelida]]. The Bayesian analysis, however, found weak support for the sister grouping of Dinosauria and Herrerasauria, but strong support for the dichotomy between Sauropodomorpha and Ornithoscelida, as shown below:<ref name="cau2018">{{Cite journal |last=Cau |first=Andrea |year=2018 |title=The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.4435/BSPI.2018.01|doi-broken-date=2024-11-20 }}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:100%; line-height:100%
|label1='''Dracohors'''
|1={{clade
   |1=†[[Silesauridae]] (including ''[[Pisanosaurus]]'')[[File:Silesaurus opolensis flipped.jpg|80 px]]
   |2={{clade
      |label1=†[[Herrerasauria]]
      |1={{Clade
         |1={{Clade
            |1=†''[[Tawa hallae|Tawa]]''[[File:Tawa hallae dino 01.JPG|80 px]]
            |2=†''[[Daemonosaurus]]''[[File:Daemonosaurus chauliodus.jpg|80 px]] }}
         |2={{Clade
            |1=†''[[Staurikosaurus]]''
            |2={{Clade
               |1=†''[[Herrerasaurus]]''[[File:Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Illustration.jpg|80 px]]
               |2=†''[[Sanjuansaurus]]'' }} }} }}
      |label2=[[Dinosauria]]
      |2={{Clade
         |1=†[[Sauropodomorpha]][[File:Diplodocus carnegii.jpg|80 px]]
         |2={{Clade
            |1=†''[[Eodromaeus]]''[[File:Eodromaeus 400 AJV.png|80 px]]
            |label2=[[Ornithoscelida]]
            |2={{Clade
               |1=†[[Ornithischia]][[File:Triceratops by Tom Patker.png|80 px]]
               |2=[[Theropoda]][[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40 px]] }} }} }} }} }} }}

==See also==
{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
* [[List of dinosaur genera]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book
  | last = Benton
  | first = Michael J.
  | author-link = Michael Benton
  | title = Vertebrate Palaeontology, Third Edition
  | publisher = Blackwell Publishing
  |year=2004
  | isbn = 9780632056378
  | page = 472 pp}}

* {{cite journal
  | last = Owen 
  | first = Richard 
  | title = Report on British Fossil Reptiles: Part II 
  | journal = Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
  | volume = 11 
  | pages = 60&ndash;204 
  |year=1842 
  }}

* {{cite journal
  | last = Seeley 
  | first = Harry Govier 
  | title = On the classification of the Fossil Animals commonly named Dinosauria 
  | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 
  | volume = 43 
  | issue =258–265| pages = 165&ndash;171 
  |year=1888 
  | doi =10.1098/rspl.1887.0117
| bibcode=1887RSPS...43..165S| doi-access = free 
  }}.

* {{cite book
  | last = Weishampel
  | first = David B.
  |editor=Dodson, Peter |editor2=Osmólska, Halszka
  | title = The Dinosauria, Second Edition.
  | publisher = University of California Press.
  |year=2004
  | url =https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis
  | url-access = limited
  | isbn = 0-520-24209-2
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis/page/n879 861] pp  }}

[[Category:Dinosaurs|*]]
[[Category:Systems of animal taxonomy]]