Editing Direct Subsidy Scheme

{{Short description|Schooling system in Hong Kong}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Chinese
|order=ts
|t=直接資助計劃
|s=直接资助计划
|j=zik6 zip3 zi1 zo6 gai3 waak6
|p=Zhíjiē Zīzhù Jìhuà
|altname=DSS
|t2=直資
|s2=直资
|j2=zik6 z1
|p2=Zhízī}}
{{Education in Hong Kong}}

The '''Direct Subsidy Scheme''' ('''DSS''') is instituted by the [[Education Bureau]] of Hong Kong to enhance the quality of private schools at the primary and secondary levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_689/ecr3_e.pdf |title=Education Commission Report No.3 |author=Education Commission |date=June 1988 |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131617/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_689/ecr3_e.pdf |archivedate=1 October 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Hong Kong government]] has been encouraging non-government secondary schools which have attained a sufficiently high educational standard to join the DSS by [[Charter school|providing subsidies]] to enhance the quality of private school education since the 1991–92 school year.<ref name=EDB>{{cite web |url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeid=1475&langno=1 |title=Direct Subsidies Scheme-Information for Schools |author=Education Bureau |publisher= |accessdate=16 December 2009 |archive-date=1 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131703/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeid=1475&langno=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 2000–01 school year, the DSS was extended to primary schools.<ref name=EDB/> In the 2001–02 school year, the terms of the DSS were significantly improved to attract more schools to join the scheme.<ref name=memo>{{cite web |url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/AdmCir210-2001-e.pdf |title=Circular Memorandum No.210/2001 |author=Director of Education |date=28 June 2001 |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131844/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/AdmCir210-2001-e.pdf |archivedate=1 October 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Under the scheme, schools are free to decide on their curriculum, fees, and entrance requirements.<ref name=fail1>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2021|title=【教育專題】直資風雨飄搖三十載 議會盼教局勿忘初心|url=https://std.stheadline.com/education/article/1516291/教育-中學-教育專題-直資風雨飄搖三十載-議會盼教局勿忘初心?fbclid=IwAR1PiIp50ZRqyNDdgTjSGf5vo7xkS0bbVEraHokTA38cvW7mh-KYEifF2Vo|website=[[Sing Tao Daily]]|accessdate=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=fail2>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2021|title=【教育專題】生源不足 直資新校或減少|url=https://std.stheadline.com/education/article/1516300/教育-中學-教育專題-生源不足-直資新校或減少?fbclid=IwAR1ma1Mgg856rgMzdUJS25fiYB6c2SH_pr8vfdVh7TNYmUz7qupNrz_fKCM|website=[[Sing Tao Daily]]|accessdate=21 March 2021}}</ref>

==Standard==
Non-government schools must satisfy stipulated standards to be eligible to join the scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section2.pdf|title=Direct Subsidy Scheme Explanatory Notes for Secondary Schools S/S Section 2|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716123143/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section2.pdf|archivedate=16 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The standards include requirements regarding the mode of operation (unisessional), class size, teacher's qualifications and facilities. For example, schools need a permanent school premises, more than 70 per cent of teachers had to be degree-holders, and they had to have sufficient facilities such as computer, music and language labs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=13115&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20020218&sear_year=2002 |title=Private school status hard to attain |author=Teddy Ng |date=19 November 2002 |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143659/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=13115&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20020218&sear_year=2002 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Curricula==
DSS schools are free to design their own curriculum. They are not subject to the guidelines issued by the Education Department.<ref name=s7>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section7.pdf|title=Direct Subsidy Scheme Explanatory Notes for Secondary Schools S/S Section 4|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131936/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section7.pdf|archivedate=1 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Although DSS schools are required to offer principally a curriculum targeting local students and prepare its students to sit for local examinations,<ref name=s7/> certain DSS schools are currently offering or are set to offer [[International Baccalaureate]] programmes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.dbs.edu.hk/ib/index.php?sid=1 |title=Diocesan Boys' School IB Information Overview |publisher= |accessdate=16 December 2009 |archive-date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128160326/http://www2.dbs.edu.hk/ib/index.php?sid=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=sci>{{Cite web|date=12 January 2021|title=【教育專題】直資私校熱捧國際課程 選AL或IBDP宜按能力興趣|url=https://std.stheadline.com/education/article/1473952/教育-中學-教育專題-直資私校熱捧國際課程-選AL或IBDP宜按能力興趣?fbclid=IwAR3WXRBY41ZhQN8KCJR2LPALjMuaSF4W-Snv-ckQ5Xnn5JdAS3Kd55Lgk8o|website=[[Sing Tao Daily]]|accessdate=21 March 2021}}</ref>

==Admission==
DSS schools are generally free to select their own students,<ref name=s7/> subject to special arrangements with the government in case of shortage of places in government/aided schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section1.pdf|title=Direct Subsidy Scheme Explanatory Notes for Secondary Schools S/S Section 1|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131951/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section1.pdf|archivedate=1 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, DSS schools are not allowed to select their students by conducting written entrance tests.<ref name=s7/>

==Financing==
DSS schools are free to charge school fees. In the 2009–10 school year, their schools fees range from $3,000 to $110,000 per year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_175/schlist%28fees%29_e_c.pdf |title=Information on Direct Subsidy Scheme Schools in the 2009–10 School Year |accessdate=16 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627075449/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_175/schlist(fees)_e_c.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A DSS school will receive full recurrent subsidy until its fee level reaches 2 1/3 times the average unit cost of an aided school place. Beyond this level, no recurrent subsidy is available.<ref name=memo/> The average unit cost of an aided school place is calculated based on a two-age based system to address the needs of schools with longer development background. In short, a higher level of subsidy would be available to DSS schools that have been operating for 16 years or above.<ref name=s4>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section4.pdf|title=Direct Subsidy Scheme Explanatory Notes for Secondary Schools S/S Section 4|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716123238/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section4.pdf|archivedate=16 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The level of recurrent subsidy received by a DSS school is hence dependent on the number of students enrolled in that particular school.<ref name=fail1 /><ref name=fail2 />

Also, to help ex-aided DSS schools adapt to new financing methods, ex-aided DSS schools that receive less recurrent subsidy after joining the DSS will continue to receive recurrent subsidy as if they were aided schools for 5 years.<ref name=note>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/En/content_1489/Notes_for_Aided_Secondary_Schools.pdf|title=Notes for Aided Secondary Schools|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001132105/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/En/content_1489/Notes_for_Aided_Secondary_Schools.pdf|archivedate=1 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

To cater for students from less well-off families, DSS schools are required to set aside at least 10% of their income for fee / scholarship schemes.<ref name=s4/> In addition, for every dollar charged over two-thirds of the average unit cost of an aided school place, the school should set aside 50 cents for scholarship and financial assistance schemes.<ref name=memo/>

==Administration==
DSS schools are required by the government to issue annual prospectuses, which must contain stipulated classes of information such as vision, mission and objectives of the school; class structure; curriculum; achievements in public exams; extra curricula activities; and school fees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section10.pdf|title=Direct Subsidy Scheme Explanatory Notes for Secondary Schools S/S Section 10|accessdate=16 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001132124/http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1489/ss_section10.pdf|archivedate=1 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> DSS schools are free to spend their grants for educational purposes, subject to inspection of their audited accounts. Ex-aided DSS schools will be given an option to revert to aided status only if the government changes the formula for calculating DSS subsidy such that the school financial viability is adversely affected.<ref name=note/>

==Controversy==
Pegasus Philip Wong Kin Hang Christian Primary School, a DSS school, sparked controversy in 2009 when the sponsoring body pulled out,<ref name=pul>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=82565&sid=23981975&con_type=3&d_str=20090525&sear_year=2009 |title=School's in despite pulling out |author=Diana Lee |date=25 May 2009 |publisher=The Standard |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143746/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=82565&sid=23981975&con_type=3&d_str=20090525&sear_year=2009 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and irregularities in its accounts were revealed. The school management committee agreed to pay an advance payment of two to three weeks to Pegasus Social Service Christian Organization, the sponsoring body, which is also the school's service provider and chaired by school supervisor Carmen Leung Suk-ching.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=82690&sid=23998078&con_type=1&d_str=20090527&sear_year=2009 |title=School sponsors face legal action on accounts |author=NickkitaLau |date=27 May 2009 |publisher=The Standard |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143758/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=82690&sid=23998078&con_type=1&d_str=20090527&sear_year=2009 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The government's monitoring mechanism over DSS schools has therefore been criticised by legislators.<ref name=pul/>

Some DSS schools have also come under criticism for raising school fees despite the economic downturn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=73399&sid=21141288&con_type=1&d_str=20081024&sear_year=2008 |title=Tuition fees cut for 5,000 students at DSS schools |date=24 October 2008 |publisher=The Standard |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143814/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=73399&sid=21141288&con_type=1&d_str=20081024&sear_year=2008 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=28634&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20030930&sear_year=2003 |title=DSS fees raise parents' ire |author=Eddie Luk |date=30 September 2003 |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143826/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=28634&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20030930&sear_year=2003 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The scheme has also been criticised as benefiting the private education sector and the well-off students at the expense of the public sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=13115&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20020218&sear_year=2002 |title=Money squeeze |author=Eddie Luk |date=18 February 2002 |publisher=The Standard |accessdate=16 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143659/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=13115&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20020218&sear_year=2002 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Examples==
*[[Diocesan Boys' School]]
*[[Diocesan Girls' School]]
*[[HKMA David Li Kwok Po College]]
*[[Good Hope School]]
*[[Heep Yunn School]]
*[[St. Paul's Convent School]]
*[[St. Paul's Co-educational College]]
*[[St. Paul's College, Hong Kong|St. Paul's College]]
*[[Li Po Chun United World College]], a member of the [[United World College]] movement.
*[[Ying Wa College]]
*[[YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College]]

==See also==
* [[Education in Hong Kong]]
* [[Dion Chen]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/edu-system/primary-secondary/applicable-to-primary-secondary/direct-subsidy-scheme/index.html Direct Subsidy Scheme webpage of the Education Bureau]
* [http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/edu-system/primary-secondary/applicable-to-primary-secondary/direct-subsidy-scheme/schlist(fees)_e_c.pdf List of DSS schools]

[[Category:Education in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Direct Subsidy Scheme schools| ]]
[[Category:Subsidies]]
[[Category:Charter schools]]