Editing Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

{{Short description|Region of Ukraine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                     = Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
| native_name              = Дніпропетровська область
| native_name_lang         = uk<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. -->
| official_name            = Dnipropetrovska oblast<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Syvak|first1=Nina|last2=Ponomarenko|first2=Valerii|last3=Khodzinska|first3=Olha|last4=Lakeichuk|first4=Iryna|date=2011|editor-last=Veklych|editor-first=Lesia|others=Scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska|title=Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/Toponymic%20guidelines%20PDF/Ukraine/Verstka.pdf|page=20|access-date=2020-10-06|via=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]|publisher=DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia|location=Kyiv|isbn=978-966-475-839-7}}</ref>
| nickname                 = 
| settlement_type          = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| image_skyline            =
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            =
| image_flag               = Flag of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.svg
| flag_alt                 = Flag of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
| image_shield             = Large_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast.svg
| shield_alt               = Coat of arms of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
| image_map                = Dnipropetrovsk in Ukraine.svg
| mapsize                  = 275px
| map_alt                  = 
| map_caption              = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|48.39|34.71|type:adm1st_region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint            = 
| coordinates_footnotes    = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{UKR}}
| parts_type               = [[List of cities in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Largest cities]]
| parts_style              = para
| p1                       = [[Dnipro]], [[Kryvyi Rih]], [[Kamianske]], [[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]]
| established_title        = Established
| established_date         = 27 February 1932
| seat_type                = [[Administrative centre|Administrative center]]
| seat                     = [[Dnipro]]
| leader_party             = 
| leader_title             = [[Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Governor]]
| leader_name              = [[Serhiy Lysak]]<ref>[https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/02/7/7388370/ Zelenskyy appoints three chairmen of Oblast Military Administrations], [[Ukrainska Pravda]] (7 February 2023)</ref>
| leader_title1            = [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Council|Oblast council]]
| leader_name1             = 120 seats
| leader_title2            = Chairperson
| leader_name2             = [[Gleb Rumnitsky]]<ref name="7277172Dnipropetrovskregionalcouncil">{{cite news |language=uk |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/12/16/7277172/ |script-title=uk:Дніпропетровську облраду очолив земляк Зеленського
|trans-title=The Dnipropetrovsk regional council was headed by Zelensky's compatriot |work=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]] |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
| unit_pref                = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 31974
| area_land_km2            = 
| area_water_km2           = 
| area_water_percent       = 
| area_rank                = [[List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by area|Ranked 2nd]]
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="ua2022estimate"/>
| population_total         = {{decrease}} 3096485
| population_rank          = 
| population_as_of         = 2022
| population_blank1_title  = Annual growth
| population_blank1        = 
| population_density_km2   = auto
| demographics_type1       = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes  = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics1_title1     = {{nowrap|[[Official language|Official language(s)]]}}
| demographics1_info1      = [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| demographics1_title2     = [[List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by salary|Average salary]]
| demographics1_info2      = 
| demographics1_title3     = Salary growth
| demographics1_info3      = 
| demographics_type2       = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes  = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/05/zb_vrp_2021.xlsx|title=Валовии регіональнии продукт}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1     = Total
| demographics2_info1      = ₴ 582 billion<br />(€15.1 billion)
| demographics2_title2     = Per capita
| demographics2_info2      = ₴ 186,697<br />(€4,800)
|blank5_name_sec1= [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
|blank5_info_sec1 = 0.741<ref>{{Cite web|title= Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab |url= https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/UKR/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en}}</ref><br />{{color|#0c0|high}}
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]s
| blank_info_sec1          = 22
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[List of cities in Ukraine by subdivision#Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Cities]] <small>(total)</small>
| blank1_info_sec1         = 20
| blank2_name_sec1         = •&nbsp;[[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|Regional cities]]
| blank2_info_sec1         = 18
| blank3_name_sec1         = [[List of urban-type settlements in Ukraine by subdivision#Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|{{nowrap|Urban-type settlements}}]]
| blank3_info_sec1         = 46
| blank4_name_sec1         = Villages
| blank4_info_sec1         = 1369
| timezone1                = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset1              = +2
| timezone1_DST            = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = +3
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal codes in Ukraine|Postal code]]
| postal_code              = 49-53xxx
| area_code_type           = [[Area code#Ukraine|Area code]]
| area_code                = [[Area code#Ukraine|+380-56]]
| iso_code                 = [[ISO 3166-2:UA|UA-12]]
| registration_plate_type  = [[Vehicle registration plates of Ukraine|Vehicle registration]]
| registration_plate       = AE, КЕ
| blank_name_sec2          = [[FIPS 10-4]]
| blank_info_sec2          = [[List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#UP: Ukraine|UP04]]
| blank1_name_sec2         = [[NUTS statistical regions of Ukraine]]
| blank1_info_sec2         = UA31
| website                  = {{ubl|[https://adm.dp.gov.ua/ www.adm.dp.gov.ua]|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231909/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&rf7571=5065 www.rada.gov.ua]}}
| footnotes                = 
| other_name               = 
}}

'''Dnipropetrovsk Oblast''' ({{langx|uk|Дніпропетровська область|translit=Dnipropetrovska oblast}}), is an [[administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) in simultaneously southern, eastern and central [[Ukraine]], the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a population of about {{Ua-pop-est2022|3,096,485|punct=,}} approximately 80% of whom live centering on [[administrative center]]s: [[Dnipro]], [[Kryvyi Rih]], [[Kamianske]], [[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]] and [[Pavlohrad]]. The [[Dnieper|Dnieper River]] runs through the oblast.

==Geography==
Most of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, including [[Dnipro Raion]], is located in [[eastern Ukraine]], though some parts are in [[central Ukraine|central]] and [[southern Ukraine]], such as [[Kamianske Raion]] and [[Nikopol Raion]], respectively. The area of the oblast (31,974&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) comprises about 5.3% of the total area of the country. Its longitude from north to south is 130&nbsp;km, from east to west – 300&nbsp;km. The oblast borders the [[Poltava Oblast|Poltava]] and [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]] oblasts on the north, the [[Donetsk Oblast]] on the east, the [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] and [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]] oblasts on the south, and the [[Mykolaiv Oblast|Mykolaiv]] and [[Kirovohrad Oblast|Kirovohrad]] oblasts on the west. Historically, it is located in the region of [[Zaporizhzhia (region)|Zaporizhzhia]].

The [[Black Sea Lowland]] covers about half of the territory of the oblast, where it lies only within the west bank of the Dnieper. In [[Ternivskyi District|Terny]], a [[Ternovka crater|Ternivsky meteorite crater]] is located. It is {{cvt|11|km}} in diameter and its age is estimated at 280 ± 10 million years ([[Permian]]). The crater is not exposed at the surface.<ref>{{cite Earth Impact DB | name = Ternovka| access-date = 2009-08-16}}</ref> The [[Dnieper Upland]] contains a number of minerals including [[Iron ore|iron]], [[manganese]], [[granite]], [[graphite]], [[brown coal]], and [[kaolin]]. [[Kryvbas]] is an important economic region, specializing in iron ore mining and the steel industry. It is arguably the main iron ore region of [[Eastern Europe]]. Named after the city of [[Kryvyi Rih]], the mining base of the region occupies the southwestern part of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, as well as the small neighboring parts of the [[Kirovohrad Oblast|Kirovohrad]] and [[Kherson Oblast]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biz.nv.ua/ukr/amp/arselormittal-vidnoviv-virobnictvo-vapnyaku-v-hersonskiy-oblasti-yaki-obsyagi-50331634.html|title=АрселорМіттал Берислав відновив виробництво в Херсонській області|date=13 June 2023|website=NV}}</ref>

The region possesses major deposits of iron ore and some other metallurgical ores. To exploit them, several large mining companies were founded here in the middle of the 20th century. Most of them are located in Kryvyi Rih itself, which is the longest city in Europe (roughly {{convert|67|km|mi|abbr=on}} in a straight line from one end to another).

=== Geology ===
Much of the Dnipropetrovsk oblast is located within the boundaries of the [[Ukrainian Shield]] and only the northern regions and the extreme eastern part of the territory are confined to the south-eastern side of the Dnipro-Donets depression.

In the geological structure of the region, the breeds come from the archaea,{{clarify|mistranslation?|date=April 2022}} the [[Proterozoic]], the [[Paleozoic]], the [[Mesozoic]] and the [[Cenozoic]].

==History==
[[File:Delineatio generalis Camporum Desertorum vulgo Ukraina (1648).jpg|thumb|1648 map of [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan|Beauplan]], with [[Wild Fields|Dzikie Pole]] (the Wild Fields) identified in upper portion of the map.]]
In the 6th to 8th centuries AD the first settlements of Slavs appeared on the banks of the Dnieper within the region. During the period of [[Kievan Rus']] (9th to 12th centuries AD) the Dnieper River functioned as one of the main trade corridors of medieval Eastern Europe, part of the route [[Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks|"from the Varangians to the Greeks"]], which connected the Baltic Sea region with the [[Crimea]] and with the capital of [[Byzantium]], [[Constantinople]]. The Dnieper also served as a major route for transporting the armies of Kyiv princes on their way to the Byzantine coastal cities in the early 9th and late 9th centuries.<ref>{{Cite book|last= Kazhdan|first= Alexander |title= Dumbarton Oaks Hagiography Database|publisher=Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C.|year= 1998|pages= 44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date= 2014-05-30|title= Primary chronicle|url= http://www.utoronto.ca/elul/English/218/PVL-selections.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140530225833/http://www.utoronto.ca/elul/English/218/PVL-selections.pdf|archive-date= 2014-05-30|access-date=2020-06-11}}</ref>

At the beginning of the 15th century, [[Tatars|Tatar]] tribes inhabiting the right bank of the Dnieper were driven away by the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. However, by the mid-15th century, the [[Nogais|Nogai]] (who lived north of the [[Sea of Azov]]) and the [[Crimean Khanate]] invaded these lands.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crimean Khanate agreed to a border along the Dnieper, and farther east along the [[Samara (Dnieper)|Samara River]], i.e. through what is today the city of Dnipro. At this time there appeared a new force, the [[Cossacks]] - armed free men not subject to any feudal lord - who soon came to dominate the region. They later became known as [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]], from [[Zaporizhzhia (region)|Zaporizhzhia]], the lands south of [[Dnieper Ukraine|Naddniprianshchyna]] (Zaporizhzhia translates to "the Land Beyond the [[Dnieper rapids|Rapids]]"). This period of raids and fighting caused considerable devastation and [[Population decline|depopulation]] in the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe|Pontic steppe]]; the area became known as the "Wilderness" or the "[[Wild Fields]]".

In 1635, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish government]] built the [[Kodak Fortress|Kodak fortress]] above the [[Dnieper Rapids]] at ''Kodaky'', partly as a result of rivalry in the region between Poland, [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] and the [[Crimean Khanate]],<ref name=Go2Kiev>{{cite web|url= http://www.go2kiev.com/view/dnepropetrovsk.html|title= Go2Kiev Dnepropetrovsk|publisher= Go2kiev.com|access-date= 28 November 2014}}</ref> and partly to maintain control over Cossack activity (i.e. to suppress the Cossack raiders and to prevent peasants moving out of the area).<ref name=SerhiiPlokhy>Plokhy, Serhii, ''The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine'', pub Oxford University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-19-924739-0}}, pages 26, 37, 40, 51, 60–1, 142, 245, and 268.</ref> On the night of 3 or 4 August 1635, the Cossacks of [[Ivan Sulyma]] captured the fort by surprise, burning it down and butchering the garrison of about 200 West European mercenaries under Jean Marion.<ref name=SerhiiPlokhy/> The fort, rebuilt by French engineer [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan]]<ref>Guillaume le Vasseur de Beauplan wrote a book ''Description d'Ukrainie'', published in 1651 and 1660.</ref> for the Polish government in 1638, had a mercenary garrison.<ref name=SerhiiPlokhy/> ''Kodak'' was captured by [[Zaporozhian Host|Zaporozhian Cossacks]] on 1 October 1648, and was garrisoned by the Cossacks until its demolition in accordance with the [[Treaty of the Pruth]] in 1711.<ref name=Kodak_Pruth>[https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/time-out/above-kodak www.day.kyiv.ua ''Above Kodak, this year the unique fortress marks its 375th anniversary''], by Mykola Chaban, 2010.</ref>

Under the [[Treaty of Pereyaslav]] of 1654, the territory came within the sphere of influence of the Moscow-based [[Tsardom of Russia]]. In 1774 [[Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin|Prince Grigori Potemkin]] was appointed governor of [[Novorossiysk Governorate]], and after the [[Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich|destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich]] in 1775, he started founding cities in the region and encouraging foreign settlers. The city of ''Yekaterinoslav'' (present-day Dnipro) was founded in 1776, not in its current location, but at the confluence of the [[Samara River (Dnieper)|River Samara]] with the River Kil'chen' at [[Loshakivka]], north of the Dnieper. On May 8, 1775, after the end of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russian-Turkish War of 1768 to 1774]], Russian authorities opened a [[Kryvyi Rih|postal station and track]] which linked [[Kremenchuk]] city, the [[Kinburn peninsula|Kinburn foreland]] and [[Ochakiv]], all locations of the Imperial Russian Army.

In December 1796, Emperor [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] re-established the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former [[Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty]]. In 1802, this province was divided into the [[Nikolayev Governorate]] (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]], and the [[Taurida Governorate]]. The capital of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate was the city of [[Yekaterinoslav]] (modern Dnipro). It was located within the former lands of the [[Zaporizhian Sich]]. The governorate bordered to the north with the [[Kharkov Governorate]] and [[Poltava Governorate]], to the west and southwest with the [[Kherson Governorate]], to the south with the [[Taurida Governorate]] and [[Sea of Azov]], and to the east with the [[Don Host Oblast]].

[[Olexander Paul]] (1832–1890) discovered iron ore and initiated smelting,<ref>Sudrussland Mageteisen und Sisenglantztatten</ref><ref>Рубін П.Криворожский бассейн и его железные руды. Горный журнал, 1888 г., т. 1</ref> and this became the core of a developing a mining district.<ref>Конткевич С. Геологічний опис околиць Кривого Рогу, Херсонської губернії</ref> In 1874 Emperor [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]] initiated the founding project of a railway,<ref>Записки капитан-лейтенанта Семечкина», Вид. Об-ва горных инженеров, 1900 р</ref> running {{convert|505|km}}. This enabled transportation directly to the nearest factories and greatly sped up the development of the region.
[[File:Екатеринослав. Екатерининский проспект. Почтовая открытка.jpg|thumb|Yekaterinoslav, modern [[Dnipro]], in 1910]]

On 1 August 1925, the Yekaterinoslav Governorate administration was discontinued, and in 1926 the city of Yekterinoslav was renamed Dnipropetrovsk after Ukrainian Soviet [[leader]] [[Grigory Petrovsky]].<ref>[http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2015/05/15/7068057/ Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization]. ''[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]''. 15 May 2015<br />[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/265988.html Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes], [[Interfax-Ukraine]]. 15 May 20<br />[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32267075 Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols], [[BBC News]] (14 April 2015)</ref> Before the introduction of oblasts in 1932, the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]] comprised 40 [[okrugs]], which had replaced the former Russian Imperial ''guberniya'' (governorate) subdivisions. In 1932 the territory of the Ukrainian SSR was re-organized into oblasts. The first oblasts were [[Vinnytsia Oblast]], [[Kyiv Oblast]], [[Odesa Oblast]], [[Kharkiv Oblast]], and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Soon after that, in the summer of 1932, [[Donetsk Oblast]] was formed out of eastern parts of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts.

During the [[Holodomor]] in the 1930s, more than 200 [[collective farm]]s in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast were put on [[Blackboards (Soviet policies)|"Blackboards"]] which implied a complete blockade of trade and food-aid to villages under-performing in fulfilling grain-procurement quotas; a number representing more than half of all such "Blackboards" throughout all of the Ukrainian SSR.<ref name="blackboard">{{cite web |last1= Papakin |first1= Georgy |title="Чорні дошки" Голодомору - економічний метод знищення громадян УРСР (СПИСОК)|trans-title= Holodomor "Black Boards" - Economic Method of Destruction of USSR Citizens |url=http://www.istpravda.com.ua/research/2010/11/27/6591/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190103054050/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/research/2010/11/27/6591/ |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2019 |date=27 November 2010 |work=[[Istorychna Pravda]]}}</ref>

During the [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum|1991 referendum]], 90.36% of votes in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast favored the [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine]]. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 2.2% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 89.9% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.<ref name=DT150103>{{cite news |url= http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/lishe-3-ukrayinciv-hochut-priyednannya-yih-oblasti-do-rosiyi-160641_.html |script-title= uk:Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії |language= uk |trans-title= Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia |work= [[Dzerkalo Tyzhnia]] |date= 3 January 2015}}</ref>

The city of Dnipropetrovsk was renamed "Dnipro" in May 2016 as part of the [[Decommunization in Ukraine|decommunization laws]] enacted a year earlier.<ref>[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/350680.html MPs appeal against Dnipropetrovsk renaming at Constitutional Court], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (6 June 2016)<br />{{in lang|uk}} [http://pda.pravda.com.ua/news/id_7123443 Constitutional Court refused to consider renaming Dnipropetrovsk], ''[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]'' (12 October 2016)</ref> Dnipropetrovsk Oblast was not renamed because it is mentioned by name in the [[Constitution of Ukraine]], and the oblast can only be renamed by a [[constitutional amendment]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/ Ukraine], ''[[The World Factbook]]''</ref> In April 2018 a group of over a hundred deputies formally initiated a proposal in the [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukrainian Parliament]] to change the name to ''Sicheslav Oblast''; in February 2019, the Verkhovna Rada voted to officially amend the Constitution, thus granting state sanction to the name change.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.volyn24.com/news/121055-bula-dnipropetrovska-oblast-a-stane-sicheslavska|title= Була Дніпропетровська область, а стане Січеславська|website= Волинь24|access-date= 2019-02-08}}</ref> Later that year the Constitutional Court officially approved the change. The oblast's administrative centre and largest city, [[Dnipro]], had had the unofficial name "Sicheslav" (commemorating the [[Zaporizhian Sich]]) in 1918–21 during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=63949 |title=Проект Закону про внесення змін до статті 133 Конституції України (щодо перейменування Дніпропетровської області)|trans-title= Draft Law on Amendments to Article 133 of the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding the renaming of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast)|date= 27 April 2018|id=Number 8329 of the 8th session of the VIII convocation |publisher=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine|access-date=28 April 2018}} {{citation|url= http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc34?id=&pf3511=63949&pf35401=453959|title= Пояснювальна записка 27.04.2018 |trans-title= Explanatory Note 27 April 2018}}</ref> Since then, the renaming process has stalled ({{as of | 2023 | lc = on}}), for reasons such as the 2019 [[2019 Ukrainian presidential election|presidential]] and [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election|parliamentary]] elections, the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine|COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] (2022 onwards).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rudenko |first=Iryna |date=2021-05-19 |title=Шість років декомунізації: чому Дніпропетровщина й досі не Січеславщина |language= uk-UA |trans-title= Six years of decommunization: why is Dnipropetrovshchyna still not Sicheslavshchyna yet |work=Суспільне {{!}} [[Suspilne]] |url= https://suspilne.media/131794-sist-rokiv-dekomunizacii-comu-dnipropetrovsina-j-dosi-ne-siceslavsina/ |access-date= 2023-02-14}}</ref>

During the Russian invasion, the cities of [[Dnipro]], [[Kryvyi Rih]], and [[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]], among other locations in the region, were bombed by Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian troops shell Dnipropetrovsk Oblast with heavy artillery |url= https://news.yahoo.com/russian-troops-shell-dnipropetrovsk-oblast-220452993.html |access-date= 2023-02-01 |website= news.yahoo.com |date= 28 January 2023 |language= en-US}}</ref> It was also reported that Russian troops were pushed from areas near Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kherson Oblast, near the border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Днепр Сейчас: новости |url= https://t.me/dnipro_now/20039 |access-date= 2023-02-01 |website= Telegram}}</ref> One village bordering Kherson Oblast, [[Hannivka, Kryvyi Rih Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Hannivka]], may have been occupied<ref>{{cite web |last1= Barros |first1= George |last2= Stepanenko |first2= Kateryna |last3= Bergeron |first3= Thomas |title= Assessed Control of Terrain Around Kherson and Mykolaiv as of May 10, 2022, 3:00 PM ET |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kherson-Mykolaiv%20Battle%20Map%20Draft%20May%2010%2C2022.png |website= understandingwar.org |publisher= ISW |access-date= 3 March 2023}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2025}} and liberated by Ukrainian forces by May 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Barros |first1= George |last2= Stepanenko |first2= Kateryna |last3= Bergeron |first3= Thomas |title= Assessed Control of Terrain Around Kherson and Mykolaiv as of May 11, 2022, 3:00 PM ET |url= https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kherson-Mykolaiv%20Battle%20Map%20Draft%20May%2011%2C2022.png |website=understandingwar.org |publisher= ISW |access-date= 3 March 2023}}</ref> Since then, there has been no further ground fighting and the oblast has remained completely under Ukrainian control.

==Administrative subdivisions==
{{main|Administrative divisions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}
[[File:Будинок Дніпропетровської обласної ради.JPG|thumbnail|Building of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Administration]]
[[File:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 2020 subdivisions.jpg|thumb|575px|Map of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.]]
The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast:
* Administrative center – 1 ([[Dnipro]])
* [[Raions]] – 7;
* City districts – 18 (Dnipro – 8, Kryvyi Rih – 7, Kamianske −3);
* Settlements – 1504, including:
** [[Village#Slavic countries|Villages]] – 1438;
** Cities/Towns – 66, including:
*** [[Urban-type settlement]]s – 46;
*** Cities – 20.
* [[Silrada|Village communities]] – 288.

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the [[President of Ukraine]].

Since July 2020, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast consists of the following seven raions:
* [[Dnipro Raion]];
* [[Kamianske Raion]];
* [[Kryvyi Rih Raion]];
* [[Nikopol Raion]];
* [[Pavlohrad Raion]];
* [[Samar Raion]];
* [[Synelnykove Raion]].

==Demographics==
[[File:Dnipropetrovsk oblast detai.png|thumb|Detailed map of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.]]
{{historical populations|1970|3342962|1979|3639423|1989|3881224|2001|3567567|2011|3336504|2022|3096485|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-division.htm|title=Division of Ukraine|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/ukraine/cities/|title=Ukraine: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de}}</ref>}}Its population in 2004 was 3,493,062, which constituted 5.3% of the overall Ukrainian population.
[[File:1201044 original (1).jpg|thumb|[[Dnipro]], capital and largest city of the province]]
[[File:Радуга после дождя.jpg|thumb|[[Kryvyi Rih]], second largest city]]
[[File:Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas Kamianske 2.jpg|thumb|[[Kamianske]], third largest city]]At the 2001 census, the ethnic groups within the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast were:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/Dnipropetrovsk/|title=Dnipropetrovs'k region: All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001 |website=2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua}}</ref>

* [[Ukrainians]] – 79.3%,
* [[Russians]] – 17.6%,
* [[Belarusians]] – 0.8%,
* [[Jews]] – 0.4%,
* [[Armenians]] – 0.3%,
* [[Azeris]] – 0.2%,
* [[Moldovans]] – 0.12%,
* [[Romani people|Romanis]] – 0.11%,
* [[Tatars]] – 0.11%,
* [[Germans]] – 0.11%,
* Other – 0.95%;

the groups by native language:

* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] 67%,
*[[Russian language|Russian]] 32%,
* other languages 1%.

===Age structure===
: ''0–14 years:'' 14.1% {{increase}} (male 241,006/female 226,216)
: ''15–64 years:'' 70.2% {{decrease}} (male 1,100,602/female 1,219,668)
: ''65 years and over:'' 15.7% {{steady}} (male 168,447/female 348,547) (2013 official)

===Median age===
: ''total:'' 40.3 years {{increase}}
: ''male:'' 36.6 years {{increase}}
: ''female:'' 43.9 years {{increase}} (2013 official)

===Religion===
[[File:Дом органной музыки Днепропетровск 1.JPG|thumbnail|Bryansk Church ([[Dnipro]] House of Organ and Chamber Music)]]
A Pew survey of Dnipropetrovsk residents' religious self-identification showed the following distribution of affiliations: [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] 47.5%, [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate]] 10.7%, [[Roman Catholic]] 1.3%, [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] 0.8%, [[Protestantism]] 32.3%.

The oblast has one of the most balanced percentage of religious people in the nation mainly due to large number of ethnic groups. The Jewish community is centered in the Dnipro ([[Golden Rose Synagogue, Dnipro|Golden Rose Synagogue]]) and Kryvyi Rih area, and emerged during a wave of Jewish immigration.

===Cities and towns===
There are 20 cities and towns on the [[Dnieper River]]. Major population centers today result from historical factors — with the advent of the iron development took place predominantly along the [[Kryvyi Rih]] and [[Dnipro]], a city located on the [[Dnieper]]. Kryvyi Rih is the center of a large metropolitan area called [[Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region]].

Ranked by population, the oblast's 13 largest municipalities are:

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
# [[File:Coat of arms of Dnipro.svg|20px]] [[Dnipro]] (1,080,846)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Kryvyi Rih.svg|20px]] [[Kryvyi Rih]] (662,507)
# [[File:Dneprodzerzhinsk CoA.png|20px]] [[Kamianske]] (262,704)
# [[File:Nikopol city gerb.png|20px]] [[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]] (136,280)
# [[File:Coat of arms of Pavlograd 1811.png|20px]] [[Pavlohrad]] (118,816)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Novomoskovsk.svg|20px]] [[Samar, Ukraine|Samar]] (72,439)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Zhovti Vody.svg|20px]] [[Zhovti Vody]] (54,370)
# [[File:Pokrov COA.png|20px]] [[Pokrov, Ukraine|Pokrov]] (46,532)
# [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Marganec,_Ukraine.png|20px]] [[Marhanets]] (44,980)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Synelnykove.svg|20px]] [[Synelnykove]] (32,302)
# [[File:Ternivka CoA.png|20px]] [[Ternivka]] (29,253)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Pershotravensk.svg|20px]] [[Shakhtarske, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Shakhtarske]] (29,140)
# [[File:Coat of Arms of Vilnohirsk.svg|20px]] [[Vilnohirsk]] (23,782)
{{Div col end}}
{{clear}}

==Transport==
[[File:KRMetrotram.jpg|thumbnail|[[Kryvyi Rih Metro]]]]
There are eight over-Dnieper bridges and dozens of grade-separated intersections. Several new intersections are under construction. [[European route E105]] cross Left-bank Dnipro from North to South. [[Highway M04 (Ukraine)]] and [[Highway M18 (Ukraine)]] cross River Dnieper and [[Dnipro]] from West to East, entering Kryvyi Rih. Overall, roads are in poor technical condition and maintained inadequately.

[[Near-Dnipro Railway|Cisdnieper Railway]] (NDZ), headquartered in Dnipro, is a component part of the [[Ukrzaliznytsia]] (UZ) company. CDR's route map includes all the railroads in the Dnipropetrovsk, [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]], [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]] oblasts and the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]].

As of 2008, Cisdnieper rail system included {{convert|3,275|km|mi|abbr=on}} of track, of which 93,3% were electrified. The CDR consists of five sections (directions), the Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Kryvyi Rih, and Crimea directions. There are 244 railway stations in the NDR system. More than a dozen ''elektrichka'' stops are located within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use the suburban trains.

The cities of Dnipro and Kryvyi Rih are served by a local sales-tax-funded bus, tram, metro and trolleybus systems.

[[Dnipro International Airport]] and [[Kryvyi Rih International Airport]] are the only international airports. The airport of Dnipro serves as one of the hubs for [[Dniproavia]]. The airport has non-stop service to over 20 destinations throughout Ukraine and [[Turkey]], as well as to [[Vienna]] and [[Tel Aviv]]. Kryvyi Rih International Airport provides limited commercial air service.
{{clear}}

==Environment==
[[File:Dnipropetrovsk - Aug 2013 - 005.jpg|thumbnail|left|River Dnieper in [[Dnipro]]]]
[[File:Берег Орілі, худоба на водопої.jpg|thumbnail|Pryorilskyi Landscape Reserve]]
The oblast is situated in the [[steppe]] region. Forests in the oblast occupy about 3.9% of the oblast's total territory. The average temperature in the winter balances from −3 to −5&nbsp;°C and in the summer from 22 to 24&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is 400–490&nbsp;mm. During the summer, Dnipropetrovsk oblast is very warm (average day temperature in July is {{convert|24|to|28|C|F}}, even hot sometimes {{convert|34|to|38|C|F}}. Temperatures as high as {{convert|36|°C|°F|abbr=on}} have been recorded in May. Winter is not so cold (average day temperature in January is {{convert|-3|to|0|C|F}}, but when there is no snow and the wind blows hard, it feels extremely cold. A mix of snow and rain happens usually in December.

The tender climate, mineral sources, and the curative mud allow opportunities for rest and cure within the region. Here there are 21 health-centers and medicated pensions, 10 rest homes, recreation departments and rest camps for children.

The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has splendid [[flora]] and [[fauna]]. Here, there are more than 1700 kinds of vegetation, 7500 kinds of animals (including [[elk]], [[wild boar]], dappled [[deer]], [[roe]], [[hare]], [[fox]], [[wolf]], etc.) There are also 114 park and nature objects, including 15 state reserves; 3 nature memorials, 24 local parks; 7 landscape parks; 3 park tracts, which altogether make up approximately 260 square kilometres.

217 rivers flow within the area, including 55 rivers which are longer than 25&nbsp;km, the major one being the [[Dnieper]], which crosses through the center of the oblast. Also flowing through the region are two major reservoirs, the [[Kamianske Reservoir|Kamianske]] and [[Dnieper Reservoir|Dnieper]], while the former [[Kakhovka Reservoir]] was drained in 2023 following the [[destruction of the Kakhovka Dam]] and the subsequent restoration of the [[Great Meadow, Ukraine|Great Meadow]]. A major channel in the region is the [[Dnieper-Kryvyi Rih Channel]].
{{clear}}

==Economy==
The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a high industry potential. There are 712 basic industrial organizations, including 20 different types of economic activity with about 473,4 thousand workers. The area also produces about 16.9% of the total industry production of Ukraine. This places the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast second in Ukraine (after the neighbouring [[Donetsk Oblast]]).

Dnipro is a major industrial centre of Ukraine. It has several facilities devoted to heavy industry that produce a wide range of products, including [[cast-iron]], rolled metal, pipes, [[machinery]], different mining combines, [[agricultural equipment]], [[tractor]]s, [[trolleybus]]es, refrigerators, different chemicals and many others. {{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The most famous and the oldest (founded in the 19th century) is the Metallurgical Plant named after Petrovsky. The city also has big food processing and light industry factories. Many sewing and dress-making factories work for [[France]], [[Canada]], [[Germany]] and [[Great Britain]] {{citation needed|date=February 2014}}, using the most advanced technologies, materials and design. Dnipro also formerly dominated in the [[aerospace industry]] since the 1950s: engineering department [[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau]] and construction at [[PA Pivdenmash|Pivdenmash]].

[[PA Pivdenmash|Pivdenmash]], the former [[Yuzhmash]], is a manufacturer of space [[rocket]]s, [[agricultural equipment]], [[bus]]es, [[trolley bus]]es, [[tram]]s, [[wind turbine]]s, and [[satellite]]s that was inherited from the [[Soviet Union]]. It is a large state-owned{{by whom|date=July 2014}}<!-- this article covers 1950s onward. at one time, perhaps, the USSR. But what about today? If not USSR, when and how did it change? --> company located in [[Dnipro]].

[[Dniproavia]], an airline, has its head office on the grounds of [[Dnipropetrovsk International Airport]].<ref>"[http://www.dniproavia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31&Itemid=11&lang=en Contacts]." [[Dniproavia]]. Retrieved 21 June 2010.</ref>
The region possesses major deposits of iron ore and some other metallurgical ores. To exploit them, several large mining companies were founded here in the middle of the 20th century. Most of them are located in Kryvyi Rih itself, which is the longest city in Europe. Steel companies of the region (except Mittal Steel-owned Kryvorizhstal) are controlled by either the [[Privat Group]] or the [[SCM Holdings|SCM]]. From the 1990s until 2004, these once united and state-owned industries went through a hard and scandal-ridden process of privatization. Being a business oligarch entity, Privat Group controls some prominent Ukrainian media, maintains close relations with politicians and sponsors professional sports. Key businesses of the group (including the [[PrivatBank]] itself) are based in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, which is regarded as its "homeland". Group's founding owners are natives of Dnipropetrovsk and made their entire career there.

[[ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih]], owned by [[ArcelorMittal]] since 2005 is the largest private company by revenue in Ukraine,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/media/images/data/images/01-32_KyivPost_38-9/original.jpg |title=Top Ukrainian Companies by Revenue |website=kyivpost.com |date=2011 }}</ref> producing over 7 million tonnes of crude steel, and mined over 17 million tonnes of iron ore. As of 2011, the company employed about 37,000 people. 4 Iron Ore Enrichment Works of [[Metinvest]] are a large contributors to the UA's [[balance of payments]]. The third giant – [[Evraz]] mining company.
{{clear}}

==Education==

===Colleges and universities===
[[File:Kryvyi Rih National University.JPG|thumbnail|[[Kryvyi Rih National University]]]]
{{Main list|List of universities in Ukraine}}

The oblast has several colleges and universities:
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
# [[Dnipro State Medical University]]
# [[Alfred Nobel University]]
# [[Oles Honchar Dnipro National University]]
# [[Dnipro Polytechnic]]
# [[State Chemical Technology University of Ukraine]]
# [[Dnipro State Technical University of Railway Transport]]
# [[Prednieper State Academy of Construction and Architecture]]
# [[Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs]]
# [[National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine]]
# [[Dnipro Medical Institute of Conventional and Alternative Medicine]]
# [[Dniprovskyi State Technical University]]
# [[Kryvyi Rih National University]]
# [[Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University]]
# [[Kryvyi Rih State University of Economics and Technology]]
{{Div col end}}
{{clear}}

==Sport==
[[File:Dnipro Arena.JPG|thumb|[[Dnipro Arena]] in [[Dnipro]].]]
Region houses the [[Ukrainian Premier League]] [[football (soccer)|football]] club, [[FC Dnipro]]. This club, commonly seen as representing the [[Dnipro|city]] at large, holds a record for being the only Soviet team to win the USSR Federation Cup twice; since independence they have gone on to win the [[Ukrainian Premier League|Ukrainian Championship]] once and the Ukrainian League Cup three times. Kryvyi Rih was home to the [[Football (soccer)|football]] team [[FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (1959–2013)|Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih]]. [[FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih]] is a club based in Kryvyi Rih. The club currently competes in the [[Ukrainian First League]]. It is part of the Sports Club Hirnyk which combines several other sections. The club's owner is the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Combine (KZRK), the biggest subterranean mining public company in Ukraine.
[[SC Kryvbas]] is a professional basketball club. Achievements of the team are winning the [[Ukrainian Basketball League]] in 2009, and winning the Higher League in 2003 and 2004. Since 2010 the team is active in the [[Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague]].

Recently built [[Dnipro-Arena]] has a capacity of 31,003 people. The Dnipro-Arena hosted the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] qualification game between [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]] and [[England national football team|England]] on 10 October 2009. The Dnipro Arena was initially chosen as one of the Ukrainian venues for their joint Euro 2012 bid with Poland. However, it was dropped from the list in May 2009 as the capacity fell short of the minimum 33,000 seats required by [[UEFA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/feedarticle/8499613|title=Kiev and Donetsk likely for Euro 2012, others uncertain|publisher=Guardian.co.uk|access-date=28 November 2014}}</ref>

Dnipropetrovsk has a regional federation within Ukrainian [[bandy]] and [[Rink bandy|Rink Bandy]] Federation.
{{clear}}

==Culture==
Historically, Dnieper Ukraine comprised territory that roughly corresponded to the area of Ukraine within the expanding [[Russian Empire]]. Ukrainians sometimes call it Great Ukraine (Velyka Ukraina).{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} Historically, this region is tightly entwined with the history of Ukraine and is considered the heart of the country.

[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (67,0%) and [[Russian language|Russian]] (31,9%) language are both used, with Russian being more common in cities, while Ukrainian is the dominant language in rural communities. These details result in a significant difference across different survey results, as even a small restating of a question switches responses of a significant group of people. The speaking of [[Surzhyk]] instead of Russian or Ukrainian is wide and viewed negatively by nationalist language activists. Because it is neither the one nor the other, they regard Surzhyk as a threat to the uniqueness of [[Ukrainian culture]].
[[File:Petrovskiy GI Soc Kiev 1937 01 p10bis.jpg|thumb|150px|The oblast is named after the Communist leader of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]] [[Grigory Petrovsky]] and is thus to be renamed]]
[[Petrykivka painting]], originating from the village of [[Petrykivka]], is known for its distinctive features such as patterns, unusual technique and white background. It was included to the [[Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine|UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].

== Notable people from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ==
* [[Helena Blavatsky]] – Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the [[Theosophical Society]]
* [[Leonid Brezhnev]] – General Secretary of the Central Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
* [[Marharyta Dorozhon]] – Ukrainian/Israeli Olympic [[javelin throw]]er
* [[Ihor Kolomoyskyi]]
* [[Tihon Konstantinov]] – [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldavian SSR]] and Moldavian ASSR politician
* [[Leonid Kuchma]] – second President of independent Ukraine
* [[Yulia Tymoshenko]] – politician and businesswoman
* [[Pavlo Lazarenko]] – former Prime Minister of Ukraine
* [[Viktor Pinchuk]]
* [[Mykola Malyshko]] – sculptor and artist
* [[Mikhail Nekrich]]
* [[Oksana Baiul]] – figure skater; 1993 World champion and 1994 Olympic champion in ladies' singles
* [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn|The Lubavitcher Rebbe]] – Orthodox rabbi, and third Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the [[Chabad Lubavitch chasidic movement]]
* [[Samuel Seidlin]] –  endocrinologist and nuclear medicine pioneer
* [[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]
* [[Valeriy Lobanovskyi]]
* [[Oleksandr Oksanchenko]] – fighter pilot killed in the [[Battle of Kyiv (2022)|Battle of Kyiv]] in 2022
* [[Oles Honchar]]
* [[Olexander Paul]]
* [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] – current [[President of Ukraine]]
* [[Dnepropetrovsk maniacs|Dnipropetrovsk Maniacs]] – serial killers

==Landmarks==
[[File:Спасо-Преображенськай собор, Дніпропетровьк.JPG|thumbnail|[[Transfiguration Cathedral, Dnipro|The Saviour's Transfiguration Cathedral]]]]
The following historical-cultural sites were nominated to the [[Seven Wonders of Ukraine]].
* [[File:UKAL icon.svg|Accessible open space]] [[Tomb of kosh otaman Sirko]]
* [[File:AP Icon.svg]] [[Troitsk Cathedral (Novomoskovsk)|Troitsk Cathedral]]
* [[File:AP Icon.svg]] [[Church of Virgin Mary Birth]]
* [[File:EH icon.svg]] [[The walls of Ukrainian defensive line]]
* [[File:EH icon.svg]] [[Kurgan stelae]] or Balbals are [[anthropomorphic]] stone [[stela]]e, images cut from stone, installed atop, within or around [[kurgan]]s (i.e. [[tumuli]]), in kurgan cemeteries, or in a double line extending from a kurgan. The stelae are also described as "obelisks" or "[[statue menhir|statue]] [[menhir]]s". Spanning more than three millennia, they are clearly the product of various cultures. The earliest are associated with the [[Pit Grave culture]] of the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe]] (and therefore with the [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]] according to the mainstream [[Kurgan hypothesis]]<ref>David W. Anthony, ''[[The Horse, The Wheel and Language|The Horse, The Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World]]'' (2007).</ref>). There are [[Iron Age]] specimens are identified with the [[Scythians]] and [[Middle Ages|medieval]] examples with [[Turkic peoples]]. Such stelae are found in large numbers in [[Dnipropetrovsk oblast|Dnipro]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]] and [[Nikolaev oblast|Nikolaev]].
* [[File:CL icon.svg]] [[Kodak fortress]] was a fort built in 1635<ref>{{cite web |url=https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/time-out/above-kodak |title=Above Kodak |author=Mykola Chaban |website=day.kyiv.ua |date=20 May 2010 }}</ref> by the order of [[Poland|Polish]] king [[Władysław IV Vasa]] and the [[Sejm]] over the [[Dnieper River]], near what was to become the town of [[Stari Kodaky]] (by modern day: [[Dnipro]]). It was constructed by [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]] to control [[Cossack]]s of [[Zaporizhian Sich]], prevent [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] [[peasants]] from joining forces with the Cossacks and guard the southeastern corner of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The Poles tried to establish order in that area, and commissioned [[France|French]] military cartographer and engineer [[William le Vasseur de Beauplan]] to construct it. The fortress cost around 100,000 Polish zlotys. The [[dragoon]] garrison was commanded by the French officer [[Jean de Marion]]. Soviet government attempted to destroy the remnants of the fortress in order to eradicate traces of Polish influences on Ukraine by setting a quarry on that site in 1944. The quarry was closed in 1994, but at that time two-thirds of the fortress had been destroyed. Today the site is just ruins, but it is a popular tourist attraction.
* [[File:AP Icon.svg]] [[Transfiguration Cathedral, Dnipro|The Saviour's Transfiguration Cathedral]] (Ukrainian: Спасо-Преображенський кафедральний собор) is the main Orthodox church of Dnipro, Ukraine. The foundation stone was laid in 1786 by [[Catherine II]] of Russia and Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]. The event is described in the memoirs of comte de Ségur. Prince [[Grigory Potemkin]] envisioned the church as one of the spiritual centres of [[New Russia]]. [[Ivan Starov]] submitted to Potemkin his designs for a Roman-style basilica, but construction was postponed until the end of the [[Russo-Turkish War]].

==Symbols==
{{multiple image
 | align = right

| image1 = Herb Viyska Zaporozkogo Nyzovoho (Alex K).svg
 | width1 = 124
 | caption1 = [[Cossack with musket]] of the [[Zaporizhian Host]]
 | alt1 = Cossack with musket

| image2 = Coat of Arms of Yekaterinoslav Governorate.png
 | width2 = 133
 | caption2 = Coat of Arms of [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]]
 | alt2 = Yekaterinoslav Governorate

}}
{{Main|Cossack with musket}}

A Cossack with a musket was an emblem of the [[Zaporizhian Host]] and later the state emblem of the Hetmanate and the [[Ukrainian State]]. The origin of the emblem is uncertain, while its first records date back to 1592. On the initiative of [[Pyotr Rumyantsev]] the emblem was phased out and replaced by the Russian double-headed eagle in 1767.

A Cossack with a rifle was restored by the [[Hetman of Ukraine]] [[Pavlo Skoropadsky]] in 1918. However, later the emblem disappeared again until in 2005 it reappeared on the proposed Great Seal of Ukraine. In 2002 was adopted flag and identical coat of arms of Oblast, which consists of cossack with musket and nine yellow eight-pointed stars. Stars represent coat of arms of [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]] which also consisted of imperial monogram of [[Catherine the Great]].

The official plants are [[wheat]], [[Acanthus (plant)|acanthus]] and [[oak]]. The motto of the oblast is [[Ad astra|Per aspera ad astra]].{{clear}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Palast der Kultur in Schowti Wody Haupteingang.JPG|Palace of Culture in [[Zhovti Vody]]
File:Одиноке дерево.JPG|Family allotments
File:Dnipropetrovsk - Aug 2013 - 005.jpg|Dnieper river
File:Мine in Kryvyi Rih.JPG|Pokrovska mine in Kryvyi Rih
File:Будівля Дніпропетровської обладміністрації.JPG|Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Administration
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Subdivisions of Ukraine]]
* [[Privat Group]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}
* [http://www.adm.dp.gov.ua Official site of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Administration] {{in lang|en|uk}}
* [http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=117547&cat_id=32596 Information Card of the Region] [[Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine]] {{in lang|en|uk|ru}}

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{{Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}
{{Ukraine topics}}
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[[Category:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast| ]]
[[Category:Oblasts of Ukraine]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1946]]
[[Category:Soviet toponymy in Ukraine]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in Ukraine]]