Editing Dokkum

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Dokkum
| settlement_type          = City
| image_skyline            = Dokkum, stadhuis.jpg
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = {{Audio|Nl-Stadhuis.ogg|''Stadhuis''}}, the city hall
| image_flag               = Flag of Dokkum.svg
| image_shield             = Dokkum wapen.svg
| image_map                = Dokkumvroeger.jpg
| mapsize                  = 280px
| pushpin_map              = Netherlands Friesland
| coordinates              = {{coord|53|19|37|N|5|59|53|E|region:NL_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1        = Province
| subdivision_name1        = [[Friesland]]
| subdivision_type2        = Municipality
| subdivision_name2        = [[Noardeast-Fryslân]]
| leader_party             = [[Frisian National Party (Netherlands)|FNP]]
| leader_title             = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name              = [[Johannes Kramer]]
| population_total         = 12669
| timezone1                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1              = +1
| timezone1_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code              = 9100–9103
| area_code                = 0519
| area_code_type           = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| name                     = 
}}
[[Image:Dokkum-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Topographic map of Dokkum, June 2014]]
[[File:Bevolking Dokkum.png|upright=1.35|thumb|Historical population 1718–2018]]
'''Dokkum''' is a Dutch [[Fortification|fortified]] city in the municipality of [[Noardeast-Fryslân]] in the province of [[Friesland]]. It has 12,669 inhabitants (February 8, 2020).<ref>[https://www.noardeast-fryslan.nl/stad-en-dorpen Aantal inwoners per woonplaats in Noardeast-Fryslân op 8 februari 2020]  - [https://www.noardeast-fryslan.nl/stad-en-dorpen Noardeast-Fryslân]</ref> The fortifications of Dokkum are well preserved and are known as the ''bolwerken'' (bulwarks). It is the fifth most popular shopping city in Friesland. It also had the smallest hospital in the Netherlands. 
__TOC__ {{clearleft}}

== History ==
The best-known event in Dokkum's history is the martyrdom of the Anglo-Saxon missionary [[Saint Boniface]] in 754. [[Oliver of Cologne]] preached the [[Fifth Crusade]] in Dokkum in 1214 and Dokkum sent a contingent; the crescent in the coat of arms of Dokkum refers to this event. Dokkum acquired [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1298. In 1572 Dokkum was sacked by the Spaniards after it had joined the [[Dutch Revolt]]. In 1597, the [[Admiralty of Friesland]] was established in Dokkum. However, it was moved to [[Harlingen, Netherlands|Harlingen]] in 1645. In 1971 the city was included in the list of Dutch 'Urban and village conservation areas'.<ref>[http://cultureelerfgoed.nl/node/1915/ Urban and village conservation areas Netherlands]</ref>

In 1923, when Catholics in the Netherlands were not allowed to engage in public expressions of faith such as [[procession]]s, a processional park was built south-east of the city center, the Boniface park.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1997/06/26/vaderlands-toerisme-7358588-a51504|newspaper=[[NRC Handelsblad]]|language=nl|title=Vaderlands Toerisme|first=Gijs|last=Kruijtzer|date=26 June 1997}}</ref> Central in the park is the so-called Brouwersbron, the brewers' well, which [[Titus Brandsma]] and others (incorrectly) identified as the well that sprang up after the saint's martyrdom. A chapel dedicated to Boniface was built in 1934. Brandsma, a Carmelite priest who was murdered by the Nazis in Dachau in 1942, also designed the park's [[Stations of the Cross]], which were finished in 1949.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aaij|first=Michel|title=Continental Business: Boniface biographies|journal=[[The Heroic Age (journal)|The Heroic Age]]|date=Spring 2003|volume=6|url=https://www.heroicage.org/issues/6/aaij.html|access-date=20 May 2010}}</ref>

Before 2019, the city was part of the [[Dongeradeel]] municipality.

==Architecture==
===City hall===
The city hall in Dokkum was built in 1610.

===Churches===
* Grote of Sint-Martinuskerk which is from the 16th century.
* Sint-Bonifatiuskerk from 1871.
* Bonifatiuskapel is from 1934

== Transport ==
Dokkum had a station (''Dokkum-Aalsum'') on the [[North Friesland Railway]], which opened in 1901. It became the terminus for passenger services in May 1935 and closed to passengers in July 1936. The station reopened to passengers in May 1940 and closed to passengers in July 1942. Freight services ceased in 1975. There is still a bus station in Dokkum.

== Urban development ==
The latest neighbourhood is called the 'Trije Terpen'. At the Trije Terpen is also the newest shopping area of Dokkum called, Zuiderschans. Other construction works in other parts of the city are also taking place, such as the Lyceumpark, the Fonteinslanden, the Veiling and the Hogedijken.

In the future the industrial park, Betterwird, will expand even more to the west. It's an industrial park with more than 70 companies. In 2013, the construction of the Central Axis began. This is a road with a fast connection and few obstacles between Dokkum and Drachten. The road was delivered in 2016.

=== Population ===
The population of Dokkum increased by 5,378 people between 1960 and 2013. In recent years, the population has fluctuated around 12,500 inhabitants.

{{Historical populations
|title       = Population
|align       = none
|cols        = 
|pop_name    = 
|percentages = pagr
|footnote    = 
|source      = {{Harvnb|Lourens|Lucassen|1997|pp=11–12}} (1511–1795), CBS Statline
|1511|1400
|1689|3177
|1744|2855
|1795|2682
|1960|7,247
|1965|8,440
|1970|9,886
|1975|10,927
|1980|11,704
|1995|12,510
|2000|12,800
|2010|12,490
|2014|12,615
|2015|12,583
|2016|12,516
|2017|12,575
}}

== Sport ==
In the 200&nbsp;km ice skating marathon known as the [[Elfstedentocht]], Dokkum is known as the ''keerpunt'' (turning-point in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]), because it is where the speedskaters turn and head back to [[Leeuwarden]]. There are two different soccer clubs in Dokkum, [[VV Dokkum]] and [[Be Quick Dokkum]].

==Windmills==
In 1652, Dokkum had five windmills, these were all [[post mill]]s.<ref name=Map>Tonneel der Steden; Blaeu, 1652</ref> Dokkum has two windmills, cap mills, that are preserved and both of them are open to the public by appointment.<ref name=Zeld>{{cite web|url = http://www.molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=59| title = Dokkum, Friesland| publisher = Nederlandse Molendatabase| language = nl| access-date = 2008-04-25}}</ref><ref name=Hoop>{{cite web|url = http://www.molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=57| title = Dokkum, Friesland| publisher = Nederlandse Molendatabase| language = nl| access-date = 2008-04-25}}</ref> They are named [[Zeldenrust, Dokkum|''Zeldenrust'']] and [[De Hoop, Dokkum|''De Hoop'']]. A third mill, [[De Marmeerin, Dokkum|''De Marmeerin'']] stood by the Woudvaart outside the town. Since 2014 the mill was moved to be restored to working order. After restoration it is to be rebuilt at De sûkerei open-air museum in [[Damwâld]].<ref name=Marmeerin>{{cite web|url = http://www.molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=58| title = Dokkum, Friesland| publisher = Nederlandse Molendatabase| language = nl| access-date = 2010-01-07}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Zeldenrust Molen Dokkum 08.JPG|''Zeldenrust''
File:De Hoop Molen Dokkum 06.JPG|''De Hoop''
Dokkum, molen Zeldenrust. 20-09-2021. (actm.) 04.jpg|''Zeldenrust''
Dokkum, woonhuis naast molen Zeldenrust. 20-09-2021. (actm.) 01.jpg|house next to mill Zeldenrust
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Dokkum, straatzicht Suupmarkt met RM13187 IMG 7697 2020-09-20 14.24.jpg|Inner harbour
File:Dokkum, straatzicht4 foto1 2009-09-19 13.04.JPG|View to a street
File:De Zijl over the Dokkumer Grootdiep.jpg|City's center around De Zijl, Dokkumer Grootdiep flowing underneath
File:De Oud Stadhuis Dokkum.jpg|Old townhouse in the city centre
File:Bonifatiusbyld by de Bonifatiuskapel, Dokkum.jpg|Statue of Saint Boniface near Saint Boniface Chapel
File:Dokkum - Vleesmarkt, Ecke Wortelhaven.jpg|Numerous footbridges in the centre
File:Zuiderbollwerk 95, Dokkum.jpg|Wharf of the former Frisian Admiralty 
File:Bonifatiustsjerke, Dokkum.jpg|Saint Boniface Church (1871) in the centre of Dokkum
File:Grote of Sint-Martinuskerk - Dokkum.jpg|Grote of Sint-Martinus Church (Dokkum)
</gallery>

==Notable Dokkumers==
Dokkum was the residence of the pioneering midwife [[Catharina Geertruida Schrader]] (1656–1746) for much of her career. Other famous Dokkumers include:

* [[Gemma Frisius]] (1508–1555), scientist
* [[Lieuwe van Aitzema]] (1600–1669), prominent diplomat and historian
* [[Ulrik Huber]] (1636–1694), lawyer
* [[Rein Jan Hoekstra]] (1941–2025), lawyer, member of the [[Council of State of the Netherlands]]
* [[Jan Posthuma]] (1963), 1996 volleyball Olympic gold medalist
* [[Sipke Jan Bousema]] (1976), TV-presenter
* [[Theo Pijper]] (1980), international speedway rider
* [[Saint Boniface]] (672–754) Exeter, Dokkum
* [[Dirk Rafaelsz Camphuysen]] (1586–1627) Gorinchem, Dokkum
* [[Catharina Geertruida Schrader]] (1656–1746) Bentheim, Dokkum
* [[Focko Ukena]] (1370–1435), East Frisian chieftain (hoveling), conquered Dokkum

===Mayors===
* Albert Jonker (1878- 1954)
*[[Sybren van Tuinen]] (1913-1993)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llhe5uxt/s_sybren_van_tuinen|access-date=May 14, 2019|language=nl|title=Drs. S. (Sybren) van Tuinen}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Zuider Ee]]

==References==
<references />

===Literature===
{{commons category|Dokkum}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lourens |first1=Piet |last2=Lucassen |first2=Jan |title=Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800 |year=1997 |place=Amsterdam |publisher=NEHA |isbn=9057420082 }}

{{Frisian cities}}
{{Dutch municipality Noardeast-Fryslân}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dokkum| ]]
[[Category:Noardeast-Fryslân]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Cities in Friesland]]
[[Category:Populated places in Friesland]]