Editing Doraemon

{{Short description|Japanese manga series by Fujiko F. Fujio}}
{{About|the media franchise|the title character|Doraemon (character)|other uses}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| image = Doraemon volume 1 cover.jpg
| caption = First {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volume cover, featuring [[Doraemon (character)|Doraemon]]
| ja_kanji = ドラえもん
| genre = {{ubl|[[Comedy]]<ref name="Viz Merchandise">{{cite web|title=Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions grants merchandise rights for beloved Doraemon franchise to Viz Media for Americas region|url=https://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1006120|publisher=[[Viz Media]]|access-date=January 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195515/https://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1006120|archive-date=January 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>|[[Science fiction]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Ong|first=Bang|title=10 Asian heroes we worshipped while growing up|url=https://www.stuff.tv/my/features/10-asian-heroes-we-worshipped-while-growing/doraemon|work=[[Stuff (magazine)|Stuff]]|access-date=January 22, 2019|date=August 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195613/https://www.stuff.tv/my/features/10-asian-heroes-we-worshipped-while-growing/doraemon|archive-date=January 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<!-- Genres should be based on what reliable sources list them as and not on personal interpretations. Limit of the three most relevant genres in accordance with [[MOS:A&M]]. -->
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type = manga
| author = [[Fujiko Fujio|Fujiko F. Fujio]]
| publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
| publisher_en = {{English manga publisher
 | NA = [[Fujiko Fujio|Fujiko Pro]]
 | SG = [[Shogakukan Asia]]
 | JP = Shogakukan (bilingual)
 | CN = 21st Century Publishing House (bilingual English-Chinese)
 | TW = [[Chingwin Publishing Group]] (bilingual English-Chinese)
}}
| demographic = [[Children's anime and manga|Children]]
| imprint = Tentōmushi Comics
| magazine = [[CoroCoro Comic]] {{Noitalic|and other Shogakukan children's magazines}}
| first = 1969
| last = 1997
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title = Anime television series
| content = 
*[[Doraemon (1973 TV series)|1973 anime series]]
*[[Doraemon (1979 TV series)|1979 anime series]]
*[[Doraemon (2005 TV series)|2005 anime series]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title = Other manga
| content=
*''[[Doraemon's Long Tales]]''
*''[[The Doraemons]]''
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title = Other media
| content = 
*[[List of Doraemon films|List of ''Doraemon'' films]]
*[[List of Doraemon video games|List of ''Doraemon'' video games]]
*[[List of Doraemon soundtrack albums|List of ''Doraemon'' soundtrack albums]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}}
[[File:Doraemon Serial status.png|thumb|A timeline of magazines in which the manga's chapters (blue) or its [[Doraemon's Long Tales|long stories]] (red) were published<ref name="htwff">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2010 |title=Fの森の歩き方 |trans-title=How to walk in the forest of F |url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/pr/fzenshu/lineup/fnomori/ |language=ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=[[Shogakukan]] |page=3 |isbn=978-4-091-43434-0}}</ref><ref name="pdata">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2000 |title=ドラえもん完全作品リスト 改訂二版 |trans-title=Perfect data of the Doraemon |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M188902 |language=ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=NeoUtopia}}</ref>]]
{{Nihongo|'''''Doraemon'''''|ドラえもん}} is a Japanese [[manga]] series written and illustrated by [[Fujiko F. Fujio]]. First serialized in 1969, the manga's chapters were collected in 45 {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volumes published by [[Shogakukan]] from 1974 to 1996. The story revolves around an earless robotic cat named [[Doraemon (character)|Doraemon]], who [[Time travel|travels back]] from the 22nd century to help a boy named [[Nobita Nobi]].

The manga spawned a [[media franchise]]. Three anime TV series have been adapted in [[Doraemon (1973 TV series)|1973]], [[Doraemon (1979 TV series)|1979]], and [[Doraemon (2005 TV series)|2005]]. Additionally, [[Shin-Ei Animation]] has produced [[List of Doraemon films|over forty animated films]], including two 3D computer-animated films, all of which are distributed by [[Toho]]. Various types of merchandise and media have been developed, including [[List of Doraemon soundtrack albums|soundtrack albums]], [[List of Doraemon video games|video games]], and musicals. The manga series was licensed for an English language release in North America, via [[Amazon Kindle]], by a collaboration of Fujiko F. Fujio Pro with [[Voyager Books|Voyager Japan]] and [[AltJapan Co., Ltd.]] The anime series was licensed by [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] for an English-language release in North America in 2014, and LUK International in [[Europe, the Middle East and Africa]].

''Doraemon'' was well received by critics and became a hit in many Asian countries. It won numerous awards, including the [[Japan Cartoonists Association Award]] in 1973 and 1994, the [[Shogakukan Manga Award]] for [[Children's anime and manga|children's manga]] in 1982, and the [[Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize]] in 1997. As of 2024, it has sold over 300 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the [[List of best-selling manga|best-selling manga series]] of all time. The character of Doraemon has been viewed as a Japanese cultural icon, and was appointed as the first "anime ambassador" in 2008 by the country's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Foreign Ministry]].

== Synopsis ==
{{See also|List of Doraemon characters{{!}}List of ''Doraemon'' characters}}
[[Nobita Nobi]] is a ten-year-old Japanese school boy, who is kind-hearted and honest, but also lazy, unlucky, weak, gets bad grades and is bad at sports. One day, a blue robot cat from the 22nd century named Doraemon is sent back to the past by Nobita's future great-great-grandson, Sewashi Nobi,  to take care of Nobita so that his descendants can have a better life. Doraemon has a four-dimensional pocket in which he stores tools, inventions, and gadgets from the future to aid Nobita whenever he is faced with a problem. Although Doraemon is a cat robot, he has a fear of mice because of an incident where robotic mice chewed off his ears. This is why Doraemon lost his original yellow color and turned blue, from sadness.

Nobita has three main friends: [[Takeshi Goda]] (nicknamed Gian), [[Suneo Honekawa]] (Gian's sidekick), and [[Shizuka Minamoto]], Nobita's best friend and love-interest. Gian is a strong, leading and domineering boy, but also loyal to his friends. Suneo is a wealthy and spoiled boy who uses his friendship with Gian to win the respect of other schoolmates. Shizuka is a gentle and kind girl who frequently plays with Nobita. Nobita has a crush on Shizuka; she is his prospective future wife (Nobita's future wife is initially Gian's younger sister). Although Gian and Suneo are Nobita's friends, they also typically bully and abuse him. Nobita normally responds by using Doraemon's gadgets to fight back against them, but Nobita has a tendency to get carried away with using the gadgets (or Gian and Suneo, if they steal it away), which typically results in unintended consequences for him and others.

In addition to Gian, Suneo, and Shizuka, Dorami and Hidetoshi Dekisugi are also recurring characters. Dorami is Doraemon's younger sister, and Dekisugi is a gifted student boy who as Shizuka's close friend, frequently attracts the jealousy of Nobita.

== Creation and conception ==

=== Development and themes ===
''Doraemon'' is written and illustrated by [[Fujiko Fujio|Fujiko F. Fujio]], the pen name of Japanese [[manga artist]] Hiroshi Fujimoto.<ref>{{Cite web|last=IGN Staff|date=1996-10-01|title=Doraemon Creator Dies|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1996/10/02/doraemon-creator-dies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618112937/https://www.ign.com/articles/1996/10/02/doraemon-creator-dies|archive-date=2013-06-18|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[IGN]]}}</ref><ref name="Schilling 2004" /><ref name="Doraworld">{{Cite web|title=藤子・F・不二雄(ふじこエフふじお)|trans-title=Fujiko F. Fujio|url=http://dora-world.com/profile/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222052637/http://dora-world.com/profile/|archive-date=2012-12-22|access-date=2013-06-04|website=Doraemon Channel|language=ja}}</ref> According to Fujio, it was originally conceived following a series of three events: when searching for ideas for a new manga, he wished a machine existed that would come up with ideas for him, he tripped over his daughter's toy, and heard cats fighting in his neighborhood.<ref name="Min Chew-2014">{{Cite web|last=Min Chew|first=Hui|date=December 23, 2014|title=Why Doraemon is blue and 4 other things you might not have known about the cat robot|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/why-doraemon-is-blue-and-4-other-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-the-cat-robot|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705235759/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/why-doraemon-is-blue-and-4-other-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-the-cat-robot|archive-date=July 5, 2015|access-date=January 18, 2021|website=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> To set up the plot and characters, he used some elements from his earlier manga series, ''[[Obake no Q-Tarō]]'', which involve an {{Transliteration|ja|[[obake]]}} living with humans, with a similar formula.<ref name="Schodt 1999">{{Harvnb|Schodt|1999|p=218}}</ref> Fujio said that the idea for ''Doraemon'' came after "an accumulation of trial and error", during which he finally found the most suitable style of manga to him.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schodt|1999|pp=217–218}}</ref> Initially, the series achieved little success as {{Transliteration|ja|[[gekiga]]}} was well known at the time, and only became a hit after its adaptation into an anime TV series and multiple feature films.<ref name="Schodt 1999"/>

''Doraemon'' is mainly aimed at children, so Fujio chose to create the character with a simple graphic style, based on shapes such as circles and ellipses.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pelliteri|2008|p=200}}</ref> He used the same sequences of cartoons with regularity and continuity to enhance the reader's ease of understanding. In addition, blue, a characteristic color of Doraemon, was chosen as the main color in magazine publications, which used to have a yellow cover and red title.<ref name="Fujio-1999" /> Set in [[Tokyo]], the manga reflected parts of Japan's society, such as the class system and the "ideal" of Japanese childhood.<ref name="Shiraishi 1997" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|p=42}}</ref> Problems, if occur, were resolved in a way so as not to rely on violence and eroticism,<ref>{{Harvnb|Schodt|1999|p=219}}</ref> and the stories were integrated with the concept of environmentalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Izawa|first=Eri|date=2000|title=Environmentalism in Manga and Anime|url=http://www.mit.edu/~rei/manga-environmental.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010526162937/http://www.mit.edu/~rei/manga-environmental.html|archive-date=2001-05-26|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[MIT]]}}</ref> The manga also insisted on the ethical values of integrity, perseverance, courage, family and respect.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arico|first=Giacomo|date=2014-11-05|title=Ambientalista e di sani valori: arriva al cinema Doraemon, il gatto robot creato da Fujio nel 1969|trans-title=Environmentalist and of healthy values: Doraemon, the robot cat created by Fujio in 1969, arrives at the cinema|url=http://www.cameralook.it/web/ambientalista-e-di-sani-valori-arriva-al-cinema-doraemon-il-gatto-robot-creato-da-fujio-nel-1969/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110031000/http://www.cameralook.it/web/ambientalista-e-di-sani-valori-arriva-al-cinema-doraemon-il-gatto-robot-creato-da-fujio-nel-1969/|archive-date=2014-11-10|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Cameralook.it|language=it}}</ref>

In order to underline the crucial role of the young generation in society, the manga's creator chose to have the act carried out in a "children's domain" where young people can live with happiness, freedom and power without adult's interference.<ref name="Shiraishi 2000-2">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|pp=292–293}}</ref> As Saya S. Shiraishi noted, the existence of the "domain" helped ''Doraemon'' to have a strong appeal in various Asian countries.<ref name="Shiraishi 2000-2"/> During ''Doraemon''<nowiki/>'s development, Fujio did not express a change in characters; he said, "When a manga hero become a success, the manga suddenly stops being interesting. So the hero has to be like the stripes on a [[barber pole]]; he seems to keep moving upward, but actually he stays in the same place."<ref>{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|pp=42–43}}</ref>

According to Zensho Ito, Fujio's former student, the "length" of time in the universe is one of the ideas that inspired Fujio to make ''Doraemon''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=An Nhiên|date=2007-08-29|title="Độ dài thời gian của vũ trụ" là yếu tố cơ bản để nhà văn Fujiko F Fujio sáng tác nên bộ truyện Đôrêmon?|trans-title="The length of time of the universe" is the basic factor for writer Fujiko F Fujio to create the Doraemon series?|url=http://www.nxbkimdong.com.vn/?page=newsview&id=10943&cid=22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224012316/http://www.nxbkimdong.com.vn/?page=newsview&id=10943&cid=22|archive-date=2007-12-24|access-date=2021-06-01|publisher=[[Kim Đồng Publishing House]]|language=vi}}</ref> Frequently displayed in its stories is Nobita's desire to control time, and there exist [[time machine|time-control gadgets]] that he uses to satisfy that desire, particularly the "Time Machine", which lies in his desk drawer.<ref>{{Harvnb|Peters|2002|pp=104–105}}</ref> Unlike Western works on science fiction, the manga did not explain the theory nor the applied technology behind these tools, but instead focusing on how the characters exploit their advantages, making it more children-friendly.<ref>{{Harvnb|Peters|2002|pp=105–107, 109}}</ref>

=== Origin of the name ===
The name "Doraemon" can be roughly translated to "stray". Unusually, the name {{nihongo4|"Doraemon"|ドラえもん}} is written in a mixture of two Japanese scripts: [[Katakana]] ({{nihongo2|ドラ}}) and [[Hiragana]] ({{nihongo2|えもん}}). "Dora" derives from {{nihongo4|"dora neko"|どら猫||stray cat}}, and is a corruption of nora (stray),<ref name="Min Chew-2014" /> while "-emon" (in kanji {{nihongo2|右衛門}}) is an old-fashioned suffix for male names (for example, as in [[Ishikawa Goemon]]).<ref name="The Japan Times-2004" /> Nobita's home address in Tsukimidai ("moon-view-heights"), [[Nerima]] refers to Fujimidai ("[[Mount Fuji|Fuji]]-view-heights"), where [[Osamu Tezuka]]'s residence and animation studio is based.<ref name="Shiraishi 1997">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=238}}</ref> The name "Nobita Nobi" refers to "nobi nobi", meaning "the way a young child grows up free, healthy, and happy, unrestrained in any sense".<ref name="Shiraishi 1997" /><ref>This meaning is explained by Nobita's father in {{Cite book|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140002|title=ドラえもん 2|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091400027|publication-date=1974-08-26|pages=56|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon 2|chapter=ぼくの生まれた日|date=September 1974 |trans-chapter=The Day I Was Born|access-date=2022-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423030708/http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140002|archive-date=2016-04-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Gadgets ===
[[File:任意門 (29052459944).jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|"Anywhere Door", a gadget in the manga series as seen in the Fujiko F. Fujio Museum|alt="Anywhere Door", a pink door used as a gadget in "Doraemon"; users can travel anywhere on their wish by turning the door's knob]]
Gadgets, or {{nihongo4|"himitsu dōgu"|ひみつ道具}}, are Doraemon's tools from the future, usually used to help the characters. Fujio said that Doraemon has a total of 1,293 gadgets;<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2004-04-20|title=ぼく、ドラえもん 第4号|trans-title=I, Doraemon No. 4|url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%BC%E3%81%8F%E3%80%81%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%81%88%E3%82%82%E3%82%93-%E8%97%A4%E5%AD%90%E3%83%BB%EF%BC%A6%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%8D%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%84%E2%98%85%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89-4/dp/B005NH6RU2|magazine=Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland|language=ja|asin=B005NH6RU2|access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref> according to a 2004 analysis by Yasuyuki Yokoyama of [[Toyama University]], there are 1,963 gadgets found in 1,344 sketches.<ref name="The Japan Times-2004">{{Cite news|date=2004-04-03|title='Doraemon' fanatic boasts Ding Dong's 1,963 gadgets|work=[[The Japan Times]]|publisher=|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp:80/cgi-bin/nn20040403f1.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129112232/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20040403f1.html|archive-date=2009-01-29}}</ref> The most important gadgets include "Take-Copter", a small piece of headgear made out of bamboo that can allow its users to fly; "Time Machine", a machine used for [[time travel]]; "Anywhere Door", a pink-colored door that allows people to travel according to the thoughts of the person who turns the knob; "Time Kerchief", a handkerchief which can turn an object new or old or a person young or old; "Translator Tool", a cuboid jelly that allow one to converse in any language; and "Designer", a camera used to instantly dress-up the user.<ref name="The Japan Times-2004" /><ref name="Shiraishi 2000">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|p=296}}</ref>

Saya S. Shiraishi wrote that most of the gadgets were "an impressive testimony to the standards of quality control and innovation that exist in the twenty-second century".<ref name="Shiraishi 2000" /> The gadgets were an essential part of the series so as to reflect a positive point of view about the association of technology in children, and to express the wishes of modern society.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|pp=292, 296–297}}</ref>

=== Conclusion ===
The series ceased its original run in 1994 and was not given an ending before Fujimoto's death in 1996; this has since aroused numerous [[urban legend]]s throughout the years.<ref name="Rogolino-2017">{{Cite web|last=Rogolino|first=Letizia|date=2017-01-27|title=Doraemon, 10 cose che (forse) sapete sul gatto robot che viaggia nel tempo|trans-title=Doraemon, 10 things you (maybe) don't know about the time-traveling robot cat|url=https://movieplayer.it/articoli/doraemon-10-curiosita-sul-gatto-robot-protagonista-di-anime-e-film_16990/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201015429/https://movieplayer.it/articoli/doraemon-10-curiosita-sul-gatto-robot-protagonista-di-anime-e-film_16990/|archive-date=2017-02-01|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Movieplayer.it|language=it}}</ref> One of the most well-known "endings" of the manga was by an amateur manga cartoonist under the pen name "Yasue T. Tajima", first appeared on the Internet in 1998 and made up into a manga in 2005. The story takes place when Doraemon's battery dies, and Nobita later grows up becoming a robot engineer, potentially revive Doraemon and live a happy life. Tajima issued an apology in 2007, and the profits were shared with Shogakukan and the copyright owner, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Evan|date=2007-05-30|title=Author of False Doraemon Ending Issues Apology|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-05-29/false-doraemon-ending|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601154615/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-05-29/false-doraemon-ending|archive-date=2007-06-01|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Anime News Network}}</ref>

Ryūichi Yagi and [[Takashi Yamazaki]], the directors of ''[[Stand by Me Doraemon]]'', confirmed that it had only one opening, while the ending has been rewritten several times.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guglielmino|first=Andrea|date=2014-11-04|title=L'afflato tragico di Doraemon|trans-title=The tragic inspiration of Doraemon|url=https://news.cinecitta.com/IT/it-it/news/55/14426/l-afflato-tragico-di-doraemon.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325171445/https://news.cinecitta.com/IT/it-it/news/55/14426/l-afflato-tragico-di-doraemon.aspx|archive-date=2018-03-25|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Cinecittà|language=it}}</ref> Because of this, Shogakukan had to clarify that only if the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka is finalized will the mission be accomplished, and then Doraemon will return to the future.<ref name="Rogolino-2017" />

== Media ==
=== Manga ===
{{See also|List of Doraemon chapters{{!}}List of ''Doraemon'' chapters}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Main {{Transliteration|ja|tankōbon}}<ref name="fwdlist">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2019 |title=藤子・F・不二雄WORKS ドラえもんリスト |trans-title=Fujiko F. Fujio Works Doraemon List |language=ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=NeoUtopia}}</ref><ref name="pdata" />
! Title
! Note
! Label
! Volumes
! Chapter count
! Publication date
! Publisher
|-
| ''Doraemon''
| 
| The Complete Works of Fujiko F. Fujio
|style="text-align:right;" |20
|style="text-align:right;" |[[List of Doraemon chapters#Doraemon Short Episode List|1326]]
| 2009–2012
| [[Shogakukan]]
|-
| ''Doraemon''
| 
| Kindle Edition
|style="text-align:right;" |200
|style="text-align:right;" |[[List of Doraemon chapters#Kindle Edition|1311]]
| 2013–2016
| Shogakukan
|-
| ''Doraemon''
| 
| Chūkō comics: Fujiko Fujio Land
|style="text-align:right;" |45
|style="text-align:right;" |833
| 1984–1990
| Chūōkōronsha
|-
| ''Doraemon''
| Normal volume
| Tentōmushi Comics
|style="text-align:right;" |45
|style="text-align:right;" |[[List of Doraemon chapters#Tentōmushi Comics (Normal)|822]]
| 1974–1996
| Shogakukan
|-
| ''Doraemon Plus''
| 
| Tentōmushi Comics
|style="text-align:right;" |7
|style="text-align:right;" |[[List of Doraemon Plus chapters|145]]
| 2005–2006, 2014, 2023
| Shogakukan
|-
| ''Doraemon Color Works''
| 
| Tentōmushi Comics Special
|style="text-align:right;" |6
|style="text-align:right;" |119
| 1999–2006
| Shogakukan
|-
| ''Doraemon''
| Volume 0
| Tentōmushi Comics
|style="text-align:right;" |1
|style="text-align:right;" |9
| 2019
| Shogakukan
|}
[[File:Doraemon first appearance.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|The first appearance of Doraemon, who came via the [[time travel|time machine]]|alt=Excerpt of "Doraemon" manga volume 1, where Doraemon made his first appearance by coming from the time machine, which lies in Nobita's desk drawer]]
In December 1969, the ''Doraemon'' manga appeared in six different children's monthly magazines published by [[Shogakukan]]: ''Yoiko'', ''Yōchien'', ''Shogaku Ichi-nensei'', ''Shogaku Ni-nensei'', ''Shogaku San-nensei'', and ''Shogaku Yo-nensei''. The magazines were aimed at children from nursery school to fourth grade. In 1973, two other magazines, ''Shogaku Go-nensei'' and ''Shogaku Roku-nensei'' (aimed at fifth-grade and sixth-grade students respectively), started publishing the manga. In 1977, ''[[CoroCoro Comic]]'' was launched as the flagship magazine of ''Doraemon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=『てれびくん』掲載作品|trans-title=Works published in "Televi-kun"|url=http://qden.my.coocan.jp/ff/doraemon/list/tvkun.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001809/http://qden.my.coocan.jp/ff/doraemon/list/tvkun.html|archive-date=2018-10-17|access-date=2018-10-16|website=Coocan|language=ja}}</ref>''<ref name="Rough">{{cite book|last=S. Yada|first=Jason|title=The Rough Guide to Manga|date=October 2009|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|isbn=978-1-85828-561-0|pages=114–115}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|date=2017-02-18|title=Doraemon Figure Recreates His 1st Corocoro Comic Cover|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2017-02-18/doraemon-figure-recreates-his-1st-corocoro-comic-cover/.112177|url-status=live|website=[[Anime News Network]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220130436/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2017-02-18/doraemon-figure-recreates-his-1st-corocoro-comic-cover/.112177|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-date=2017-02-20}}</ref>

Since the debut of ''Doraemon'' in 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-five {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volumes that were published under Shogakukan's {{nihongo|''Tentōmushi Comics''|てんとう虫コミックス}} imprint from July 31, 1974, to April 26, 1996.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140001|title=ドラえもん 1|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091400019|publication-date=1974-07-31|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon 1|author-link=Fujiko F. Fujio|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415095050/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140001|archive-date=2016-04-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09141665|title=ドラえもん 45|date=May 1996 |publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091416659|publication-date=1996-04-26|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon 45|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525153114/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09141665|archive-date=2020-05-25|url-status=live}}</ref> These volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library in [[Toyama Prefecture|Toyama]], Japan, where Fujio was born.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-04-07|title=ぼくドラえもん!「ドラえもん文庫」開設|trans-title=I, Doraemon! "Doraemon Bunko" opens|url=http://www.toyama-brand.jp/TJN/?tid=102317|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021350/https://www.toyama-brand.jp/TJN/?tid=102317|archive-date=2018-10-04|access-date=2018-10-03|publisher=Toyama Brand|language=ja}}</ref> Between April 25, 2005, and February 28, 2006, Shōgakukan published a series of five manga volumes under the title ''[[Doraemon Plus]]'' (''Doraemon+''), featuring short stories which did not appear in the forty-five original volumes;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09143301|title=ドラえもん プラス 1|date=April 2005|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091433014|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon Plus 1|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401073749/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09143301|archive-date=2018-04-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09143305|title=ドラえもん プラス 5|date=March 2006|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091433057|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon Plus 5|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401015138/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09143305|archive-date=2018-04-01|url-status=live}}</ref> a sixth volume, the first volume in eight years, was published on December 1, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=November 15, 2014|title=1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 8 Years Ships in December|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-11-15/1st-doraemon-manga-volume-in-8-years-ships-in-december/.81061|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220033505/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-11-15/1st-doraemon-manga-volume-in-8-years-ships-in-december/.81061|archive-date=December 20, 2014|access-date=December 24, 2014|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Additionally, 119 unpublished stories were compiled into six colored-manga volumes under the title ''Doraemon Kara Sakuhin-shu'' {{Nihongo|2=ドラえもん カラー作品集|4=''Doraemon Color Works''}}, published from July 17, 1999, to September 2, 2006.<ref name="Fujio-1999">{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09149571|title=ドラえもんカラー作品集 1|date=September 1999|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091495710|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon Color Works 1|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328202036/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09149571|archive-date=2016-03-28|url-status=live}} For conception, see pp. 158–159.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140248|title=ドラえもんカラー作品集 6|date=October 2006|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|isbn=4091402488|language=ja|trans-title=Doraemon Color Works 6|access-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216143907/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140248|archive-date=2018-12-16|url-status=live}}</ref> Between July 24, 2009, and September 25, 2012, Shogakukan published a ''master works'' collection consisting of twenty volumes with all 1,345 stories written by Fujio.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|title=藤子・Ｆ・不二雄大全集 ドラえもん １|trans-title=Doraemon: The Complete Collection of Fujiko F. Fujio 1|url=http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/comics/detail/_isbn_9784091434036|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115194711/http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/comics/detail/_isbn_9784091434036|archive-date=January 15, 2013|access-date=January 5, 2015|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|publication-date=2009-07-24|isbn=9784091434036}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|title=藤子・Ｆ・不二雄大全集 ドラえもん ２０|date=September 2012 |trans-title=Doraemon: The Complete Collection of Fujiko F. Fujio 20|url=http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/comics/detail/_isbn_9784091435019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113233150/http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/comics/detail/_isbn_9784091435019|archive-date=January 13, 2015|access-date=January 5, 2015|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|publication-date=2012-09-25|isbn=9784091435019}}</ref> In December 2019, on the 50th anniversary of ''Doraemon'', a "Volume 0" was published by Shogakukan featuring six different versions of Doraemon's first appearance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=2019-11-09|title=1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 23 Years Features 6 Versions of 1st Chapter|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-11-08/1st-doraemon-manga-volume-in-23-years-features-6-versions-of-1st-chapter/.153082|url-status=live|website=[[Anime News Network]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108191613/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-11-08/1st-doraemon-manga-volume-in-23-years-features-6-versions-of-1st-chapter/.153082|access-date=2020-11-14|archive-date=2019-11-08}}</ref>

There have been two series of bilingual, Japanese and English, volumes of the manga by Shogakukan English Comics under the title ''Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future'', and two audio versions.<ref name="shogakukan.co.jp">{{Cite web|title=小学館 イングリッシュコミックス|trans-title=Shogakukan English Comics|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/series/B30012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019025626/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/series/B30012|archive-date=October 19, 2016|access-date=October 16, 2016|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja}}</ref><ref name="Thompson">{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Jason|title=Manga: The Complete Guide|publisher=Del Rey Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-345-48590-8|pages=85–86|author-link=Jason Thompson (writer)}}</ref> The first series has ten volumes and the second one has six.<ref name="shogakukan.co.jp" /> 21st Century Publishing House released bilingual English-Chinese versions in mainland China,<ref>{{cite web|title=哆啦A梦英汉双语精华本1|trans-title=Doraemon English-Chinese Bilingual Essence Book 1|url=http://www.21cccc.com/mainpages/bookInfo.aspx?ID=504|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803193036/http://www.21cccc.com/mainpages/bookInfo.aspx?ID=504|archive-date=August 3, 2019|access-date=December 1, 2018|publisher=21st Century Publishing House|language=zh}}</ref> and [[Chingwin Publishing Group]] released bilingual English-Chinese versions in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|title=哆啦A夢英文版(中英對照)(01)|trans-title=Doraemon English Version (Chinese and English) (01)|url=https://www.ching-win.com.tw/product-detail/10105201|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127203855/https://www.ching-win.com.tw/product-detail/10105201|archive-date=2021-01-27|access-date=2021-05-05|publisher=[[Chingwin Publishing Group]]|language=zh}}</ref>

In July 2013, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro announced that they would be collaborating with ebook publisher [[Voyager Books|Voyager Japan]] and localization company [[AltJapan Co., Ltd.]] to release an English-language version of the manga in full color digitally via the [[Amazon Kindle]] platform in North America.<ref>{{cite news|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|date=July 28, 2013|title=Classic Kids' Manga Doraemon Coming to N. America Digitally|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-07-28/doraemon-manga-digital-release-coming-to-north-america|url-status=live|access-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203220030/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-07-28/doraemon-manga-digital-release-coming-to-north-america|archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> Shogakukan released the first volume in November 2013;<ref name="Shogakukan-2013">{{cite web|date=November 22, 2013|title=DORAEMON Vol.1 [Kindle Edition]|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GTG4776/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120025657/https://www.amazon.com/Doraemon-Vol-1-FUJIKO-F-FUJIO-ebook/dp/B00GTG4776|archive-date=November 20, 2018|access-date=December 4, 2013|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|asin=B00GTG4776}}</ref> by 2016, a total of 200 volumes have been published.<ref name="Shogakukan-2013" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-03|title=DORAEMON vol.200 [Kindle Edition]|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01CJ34UA6|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113053849/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01CJ34UA6|archive-date=2022-01-13|access-date=2022-01-13|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|asin=B01CJ34UA6}}</ref> This English version incorporates a variety of changes to character names; Nobita is "Noby", Shizuka is "Sue", Suneo is "Sneech", and Gian is "Big G", while dorayaki is "Yummy Bun/Fudgy Pudgy Pie".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Uehara|first1=Yoshihisa|last2=Ohara|first2=Atsushi|date=November 23, 2013|title=English version of 'Doraemon' to enter North American market|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201311230013|url-status=dead|access-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203082158/https://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201311230013|archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> Also, by 2016, four volumes of the manga have been published in English in print by [[Shogakukan Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=https://shogakukan.asia/doraemon-1/|title=Doraemon 1|date=2014-08-27|publisher=[[Shogakukan Asia]]|isbn=978-981-09-0310-7|access-date=2021-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113134519/https://shogakukan.asia/doraemon-1/|archive-date=2016-01-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujio|first=Fujiko F.|url=http://shogakukan.asia/doraemon-4/|title=Doraemon 4|date=November 26, 2014|publisher=[[Shogakukan Asia]]|isbn=978-981-09-0313-8|access-date=October 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012054715/http://shogakukan.asia/doraemon-4/|archive-date=October 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Shogakukan started digital distribution of all forty-five original volumes throughout Japan from July 16, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chapman|first=Paul|date=July 16, 2015|title="Doraemon" Begins Digital Distribution in Japan|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2015/07/16/doraemon-begins-digital-distribution-in-japan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424184133/http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2015/07/16/doraemon-begins-digital-distribution-in-japan|archive-date=April 24, 2016|access-date=April 17, 2016|website=[[Crunchyroll]]}}</ref>

====Long Stories====
{{See also|Doraemon's Long Tales}}
''[[Doraemon's Long Tales]]'', also known as ''Doraemon's Long Stories'', is a manga and movie series ongoing since 1979, featuring longer and continuous narratives about the characters' adventures into various lands of science fiction and fantasy. The series consists of twenty-four tankōbon volumes published from 1983 to 2004.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fujio |first=Fujiko F. |date=1983-11-28 |title=大長編ドラえもん1 のび太の恐竜 |trans-title=Doraemon Long Stories 1: Nobita's Dinosaur |url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140602 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331223113/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09140602 |archive-date=2016-03-31 |access-date=2022-03-05 |publisher=Shogakukan |isbn=4-09-140602-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fujiko F. Fujio Pro |date=2004-08-27 |title=大長編ドラえもん24 のび太のワンニャン時空伝 |trans-title=Doraemon Long Stories 24: Nobita in the Wan-Nyan Spacetime Odyssey |url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09142864 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426224533/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09142864 |archive-date=2019-04-26 |access-date=2022-03-05 |publisher=Shogakukan |isbn=4-09-142864-9}}</ref>

====Spin-offs====
Several spin-off manga series of ''Doraemon'' have been made. ''[[The Doraemons]]'', a manga illustrated by Michiaki Tanaka based on ''Doraemon'', was published by Shogakukan in six ''tankōbon'' volumes from 1996 to 2001.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tanaka|first=Michiaki|date=1996|title=ザ☆ドラえもんズ 1|trans-title=The Doraemons 1|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000988-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112095918/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000988-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-142401-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tanaka|first=Michiaki|date=2001|title=ザ・ドラえもんズ 第6巻|trans-title=The Doraemons 6|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000919-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112100327/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000919-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-142406-6}}</ref> Between 1997 and 2003, Shogakukan also published fifteen volumes of ''The Doraemons Special'', created by Yukihiro Mitani and Masaru Miyazaki as a complement part of ''The Doraemons'', including twelve from the main series<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miyazaki|first1=Masaru|last2=Mitani|first2=Yukihiro|date=1997|title=ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル 1|trans-title=The Doraemons Special 1|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000001071-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112101522/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000001071-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-149301-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miyazaki|first1=Masaru|last2=Mitani|first2=Yukihiro|date=2002|title=ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル 12|trans-title=The Doraemons Special 12|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000152039-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112101723/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000152039-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-149692-X}}</ref> and three from the ''Robot Training School Edition''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mitani|first=Yukihiro|date=1999|title=ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット養成学校編|trans-title=The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000376-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112102021/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000000376-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-149531-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miyazaki|first1=Masaru|last2=Mitani|first2=Yukihiro|date=2003|title=ザ☆ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット養成学校編 3|trans-title=The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition 3|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000001044-00|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112102158/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000098-I000001044-00|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|via=[[National Diet Library]]|isbn=4-09-149533-8}}</ref> ''Dorabase'', a [[baseball]]-themed manga written and illustrated by Mugiwara Shintarō, is another spin-off of ''Doraemon''; twenty-three volumes of the manga were published by Shogakukan from April 26, 2001, to October 28, 2011.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shintarō|first=Mugiwara|title=ドラベース ドラえもん超野球(スーパーベースボール)外伝 １|date=May 2001 |trans-title=Dorabase: Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 1|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09142851|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809192537/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09142851|archive-date=2020-08-09|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|publication-date=2001-04-26|isbn=4091428517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shintarō|first=Mugiwara|title=ドラベース ドラえもん超野球（スーパーベースボール）外伝 ２３|date=November 2011 |trans-title=Dorabase: Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 23|url=https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09141346|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306182717/https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09141346|archive-date=2021-03-06|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|publication-date=2011-10-28|isbn=9784091413468}}</ref>

=== Anime ===
{{See also|Doraemon (1973 TV series){{!}}''Doraemon'' (1973 TV series)|Doraemon (1979 TV series){{!}}''Doraemon'' (1979 TV series)|Doraemon (2005 TV series){{!}}''Doraemon'' (2005 TV series)}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Logo Doraemon new version.jpg|thumb|International series logo, mainly used in [[Latin America]]|alt=International logo of the Doraemon anime series]] -->
[[File:Doraemon Anime Outline.png|thumb|Timeline of ''Doraemon'' anime<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2010 |title=NeoUtopia No.50 |language=ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=NeoUtopia |page=30}}</ref>]]
The first attempt of a ''Doraemon'' animated series was in [[Doraemon (1973 TV series)|1973]], by [[Nippon Television]]. After a January 1973 pilot named ''Doraemon Mirai Kara Yattekuru'' {{Nihongo|2=ドラえもんが未来からやってくる|4=''Doraemon Coming from the Future''}},<ref>{{cite journal|date=January 2007|title=特集 日本テレビ版ドラえもん|trans-title=Special feature Nippon TV version Doraemon|url=https://archive.org/details/43_20190903_201909|journal=Fujiko Fujio FC Neo Utopia|language=ja|volume=43|pages=10–18|number=}}</ref> twenty-six episodes, each with two segments, were broadcast on Nippon TV from April 1 to September 30 of the same year.<ref name="Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs-2">{{Cite web|title=Information on Works (Series) - ドラえもん|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/663|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402033537/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/663|archive-date=2019-04-02|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs|Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|language=ja}}</ref> The series was directed by Mitsuo Kaminashi with voice cast from [[Aoni Production]]; the character Doraemon was voiced by [[Kōsei Tomita]], then later by [[Masako Nozawa]].<ref name="Masami">{{Cite web|last=Masami|first=Jun|title=真佐美ジュンのドラえもん時代|trans-title=Jun Masami's Doraemon era|url=http://mcsammy.fc2web.com/3A9585261654E5A7.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911063240/http://mcsammy.fc2web.com/3A9585261654E5A7.html/|archive-date=2016-09-11|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=NipponTeleAnima Labor Union|language=ja}}</ref> Later in the series, the animation studio, Nippon TeleMovie Productions, went bankrupt, and the masters were sold off or destroyed.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kenji|2008|pp=61–63}}</ref> The series was re-aired on Nippon TV and several local stations until 1979,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oohata|first=T.|title=真佐美ジュンさんに聞く|trans-title=Interview with Jun Masami|url=http://hanaballoon.com/ntvdora/qanda.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115155052/http://hanaballoon.com/ntvdora/qanda.html|archive-date=2007-01-15|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Anime Old Doraemon Great Research|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Kenji|2008|p=45}}</ref> when Shogakukan requested [[Toyama Television]] to cease broadcasting.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kenji|2008|pp=41–45, 120–127}}</ref> Some of the segments were found in the archives of [[Imagica]] in 1995,<ref>{{Harvnb|Kenji|2008|pp=29–32}}</ref> and some others were recovered by Jun Masami in 2003.<ref name="Masami" /> As of 2013, 21 of 52 segments are known to survive, two of which have no audio.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brubaker|first=Charles|date=2013-05-28|title=The Strange Case of the 1973 "Doraemon" Series|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/the-strange-case-of-the-1973-doraemon-series|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703035959/https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/the-strange-case-of-the-1973-doraemon-series/|archive-date=2013-07-03|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Cartoon Research}}</ref>

''Doraemon'' remained fairly exclusive in manga form until 1979 when an animation studio, [[Shin-Ei Animation]] (now owned by [[TV Asahi]]) produced an animated [[Doraemon (1979 TV series)|second attempt]] of ''Doraemon''.<ref name="Schilling 2004">{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|p=39}}</ref> The series aired on TV Asahi from April 2, 1979.<ref name="Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs">{{Cite web|title=Information on Works (Series) - ドラえもん［新］|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/12911|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705193245/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/12911|archive-date=2019-07-05|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja}}</ref> Ryo Motohira served as chief director from 1981, and [[Tsutomu Shibayama]] from 1984.<ref name="nu50p30">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2010 |title=NeoUtopia No.50  |language=ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=NeoUtopia |page=30}}</ref> Eiichi Nakamura served as director of character designer,<ref name="nu50p30" /><ref>Interview with Eiichi Nakamura in the book attached with ''Doraemon Time Machine BOX 1979'' DVD collection, released by Warner Home Video in 2009. {{Cite web|title=ドラえもん タイムマシンBOX 1979|trans-title=Doraemon Time Machine BOX 1979|url=https://www.suruga-ya.jp/product/detail/128031251|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706211955/https://www.suruga-ya.jp/product/detail/128031251|archive-date=2019-07-06|access-date=2019-07-06|publisher=Surugaya|language=ja}}</ref> while [[Shunsuke Kikuchi]] was the composer.<ref name="Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs" /><ref name="Tō-Ō Nippō">{{Cite web|title=東奥・第59回東奥賞|trans-title=Tō-Ō / 59th Tō-Ō Award|url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/common/previous/toosho/toosho2006/gyouseki.html#Anchor1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812150838/https://www.toonippo.co.jp/common/previous/toosho/toosho2006/gyouseki.html#Anchor1|archive-date=2018-08-12|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[Tō-Ō Nippō]]|language=ja}}</ref> [[Nobuyo Ōyama]] voiced Doraemon in the series; because of this, in [[Asia]], this version is sometimes referred to as the Ōyama Edition.<ref name="asiatitle">{{Cite web|date=February 25, 2009|title=舊酒新瓶？濃厚也|trans-title=Old Wine In New Bottle? It's Rich|url=http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1002380|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816123832/http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1002380|archive-date=August 16, 2016|access-date=June 9, 2016|publisher=Hong Kong Independent Media Network|language=zh}}</ref> In total, 1,787 episodes were produced and released in [[VHS]] and [[DVD]] by [[Toho]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=89431#7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040518065415/http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=89431#7|title=TV アニメ ドラえもん|publisher=Allcinema|language=ja|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2004-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.toho.co.jp/dvd/item/html/SDV/SDV17041R.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104115/http://www.toho.co.jp/dvd/item/html/SDV/SDV17041R.html|title=TV版ドラえもんVol. 1 - Blu-ray/DVD|publisher=[[Toho]]|language=ja|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2018-03-31|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 15, 2005, [[Doraemon (2005 TV series)|a major renewal]] was carried out, including the replacement of [[Seiyū|voice actors]] and staff, and updated character designs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 10, 2005|title=The all-new "Doraemon" premieres on TV Asahi with an hour-long special and more|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2005/04/10/tv/the-all-new-doraemon-premieres-on-tv-asahi-with-an-hour-long-special-and-more/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428132452/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2005/04/10/tv/the-all-new-doraemon-premieres-on-tv-asahi-with-an-hour-long-special-and-more/|archive-date=April 28, 2016|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> The third series is sometimes referred to in Asia as the Mizuta Edition, as a tribute for the voice actress for Doraemon, [[Wasabi Mizuta]].<ref name="asiatitle" /> It was released in DVD on February 10, 2006, under the title ''New TV-ban Doraemon'' {{Nihongo|2=NEW TV 版 ドラえもん|4=''Doraemon NEW TV Version''}} with Shogakukan Video banner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NEW TV版ドラえもんシリーズ|trans-title=Doraemon series NEW TV version|url=http://www.toho-a-park.com/dvd/item/asp/itemlist/itemlist.asp?itkey=&sr=&tp=NEW%20TV%94%C5%83h%83%89%82%A6%82%E0%82%F1&new=&row=&hd=&tphd=NEW%20TV%94%C5%83h%83%89%82%A6%82%E0%82%F1%83V%83%8A%81%5B%83Y|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018221118/http://www.toho-a-park.com/dvd/item/asp/itemlist/itemlist.asp?itkey=&sr=&tp=NEW%20TV%94%C5%83h%83%89%82%A6%82%E0%82%F1&new=&row=&hd=&tphd=NEW%20TV%94%C5%83h%83%89%82%A6%82%E0%82%F1%83V%83%8A%81%5B%83Y|archive-date=2014-10-18|access-date=2019-07-07|publisher=[[Toho]]|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NEW TV版 ドラえもんvol. 1 「タイムマシンがなくなった！！」 ほか全5話＋ミニシアター|trans-title=Doraemon NEW TV Version Vol. 1 "The Time Machine is Gone!!" and 5 other episodes + mini theater|url=https://www.toho.co.jp/dvd/item/html/SDV/SDV16104R.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706232822/https://www.toho.co.jp/dvd/item/html/SDV/SDV16104R.html|archive-date=2019-07-06|access-date=2019-07-07|publisher=[[Toho]]|language=ja}}</ref>

In May 2014, TV Asahi Corporation announced an agreement with [[The Walt Disney Company]] to bring the 2005 series to the Disney XD television channel and Disney Channel in the United States beginning in the summer of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hongo|first=Jun|date=May 9, 2014|title=Japanese Anime Star Doraemon Finally Makes U.S. Debut|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/05/09/japanese-anime-star-doraemon-finally-makes-u-s-debut/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420175959/http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/05/09/japanese-anime-star-doraemon-finally-makes-u-s-debut/|archive-date=April 20, 2016|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kagawa|first=Marcie|date=June 25, 2014|title=Doraemon hitting U.S. airwaves this summer|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/06/25/national/doraemon-hitting-u-s-airwaves-summer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428080028/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/06/25/national/doraemon-hitting-u-s-airwaves-summer/|archive-date=April 28, 2016|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 9, 2014|title=Doraemon plans to make US debut this summer|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Consumers/Doraemon-plans-to-make-US-debut-this-summer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523130822/http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Consumers/Doraemon-plans-to-make-US-debut-this-summer|archive-date=May 23, 2014|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[Nikkey Shimbun]]}}</ref> Besides using the name changes that were used in AltJapan's English adaptation of the original manga, other changes and edits have also been made to make the show more relatable to an American audience, such as Japanese text being replaced with English text on certain objects like signs and graded papers, items such as [[Japanese yen|yen notes]] being replaced by [[United States dollar|US dollar bills]], and the setting being changed from Japan to the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=May 11, 2014|title=Doraemon Anime's Visual & Script Changes for U.S. TV Detailed|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-05-11/doraemon-anime-visual-and-script-changes-for-u.s-tv-detailed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513220034/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-05-11/doraemon-anime-visual-and-script-changes-for-u.s-tv-detailed|archive-date=May 13, 2014|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Initial response to the edited dub was positive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kagawa|first=Marcie|date=July 9, 2014|title=Doraemon charms U.S. viewers in first remake for a foreign market|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/07/09/national/doraemon-charms-u-s-viewers-in-first-remake-for-a-foreign-market/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427010316/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/07/09/national/doraemon-charms-u-s-viewers-in-first-remake-for-a-foreign-market|archive-date=April 27, 2016|access-date=April 16, 2016|website=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> The Disney adaptation began broadcast in Japan on [[Disney Channel Japan|Disney Channel]] from February 1, 2016. The broadcast offered the choice of the English voice track or a newly recorded Japanese track by the Japanese cast of the 2005 series.<ref>{{cite news|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=January 30, 2016|title=Disney XD's Doraemon Adaptation to Run in Japan With Bilingual Tracks|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-01-30/disney-xd-doraemon-adaptation-to-run-in-japan-with-bilingual-tracks/.98067|url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131082928/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-01-30/disney-xd-doraemon-adaptation-to-run-in-japan-with-bilingual-tracks/.98067|archive-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref>

The anime has also been aired in over sixty countries worldwide.<ref name="TV Asahi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv-asahicontents.com/en/program/doraemon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101045505/https://www.tv-asahicontents.com/en/program/doraemon|title=Doraemon ドラえもん|publisher=[[TV Asahi]]|language=en|access-date=2018-08-13|archive-date=2020-01-01|url-status=live}}</ref> It premiered in [[Thailand]] in 1982,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Yasuyuki|first=Yokoyama|date=2012-12-10|title=Celebrating Exactly 100 Years Before Doraemon's Birthday|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00056/|url-status=live|website=Nippon.com|publisher=Nippon Communications Foundation|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213210329/https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00056/|access-date=2018-08-13|archive-date=2012-12-13}}</ref> the [[Philippines]] in 1999,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cabuag|first=VG|date=2015-08-01|title=Makers of Doraemon to push the Japanese character in Philippines|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/08/01/makers-of-doraemon-to-push-the-japanese-character-in-philippines/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212136/https://businessmirror.com.ph/makers-of-doraemon-to-push-the-japanese-character-in-philippines/|archive-date=2018-03-30|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Business Mirror}}</ref> India in 2005,<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 5, 2005|title=Hungama TV to launch Indian superhero show 'Hero'|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/11366_Hungama-TV-to-launch-Indian-superhero-show-Hero|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200910/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/11366_Hungama-TV-to-launch-Indian-superhero-show-Hero|archive-date=April 9, 2017|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=Afaqs}}</ref> and Vietnam in 2010.<ref name="sggp">{{Cite web|last=Hạ Chinh|date=2009-11-12|title=Kinh doanh phim hoạt hình Nhật và hình ảnh nhân vật - Từ nay phải có bản quyền|trans-title=Carrying Japanese anime and characters on business - from now, copyright must be obtained|url=https://www.sggp.org.vn/kinh-doanh-phim-hoat-hinh-nhat-va-hinh-anh-nhan-vat-tu-nay-phai-co-ban-quyen-69126.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114131534/https://www.sggp.org.vn/kinh-doanh-phim-hoat-hinh-nhat-va-hinh-anh-nhan-vat-tu-nay-phai-co-ban-quyen-69126.html|archive-date=2020-11-14|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[Sài Gòn Giải Phóng]]|language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 28, 2009|title=Doraemon đã chính thức đến với các bạn trẻ Việt Nam|trans-title=Doraemon has officially come to Vietnamese young people|url=http://2sao.vn/p1002c1021n20091228111506396/Doraemon-da-chinh-thuc-den-voi-cac-ban-tre-viet-nam.vnn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402181454/http://2sao.vn/p1002c1021n20091228111506396/Doraemon-da-chinh-thuc-den-voi-cac-ban-tre-viet-nam.vnn|archive-date=April 2, 2011|access-date=October 21, 2020|publisher=VietNamNet|language=vi}}</ref> Other Asian countries that broadcast the series include [[China]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Singapore]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], and [[South Korea]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|pp=301, 304}}</ref> The series is licensed in [[EMEA]] regions by LUK International;<ref>{{cite web|title=Catalogue / DORAEMON|url=http://www.lukinternacional.com/en/catalogue/doraemon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129144402/http://www.lukinternacional.com/en/catalogue/doraemon.html|archive-date=November 29, 2016|access-date=November 29, 2016|publisher=LUK International}}</ref> it premiered in Spain in 1993<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doraemon, El Gato Cósmico (1979)|url=http://www.eldoblaje.com/datos/FichaPelicula.asp?id=8121|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130140544/http://www.eldoblaje.com/datos/FichaPelicula.asp?id=8121|archive-date=January 30, 2008|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=El Doblaje|language=es}}</ref> and France in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clement|first=Stéphane|title=Doraemon|url=http://www.planete-jeunesse.com/fiche-883-doraemon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528164502/http://www.planete-jeunesse.com/fiche-883-doraemon.html|archive-date=May 28, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=Planète Jeunesse|language=fr}}</ref> It has also been distributed in South American countries, including Brazil,<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 6, 2019|title=Popular anime Doraemon retorna à TV aberta no Brasil|trans-title=Popular anime Doraemon returns to television broadcast in Brazil|url=https://mundo-nipo.com/variedades/06/01/2019/popular-anime-doraemon-retorna-a-tv-aberta-no-brasil/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112214652/https://mundo-nipo.com/variedades/06/01/2019/popular-anime-doraemon-retorna-a-tv-aberta-no-brasil/|archive-date=January 12, 2019|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=Mundo-Nipo|language=pt}}</ref> Colombia,<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2003|title=Doraemon alcanza excelentes resultados en Caracol|trans-title=Doraemon achieves excellent results in Caracol|url=https://www.produ.com/noticias/doraemon-alcanza-excelentes-resultados-en-caracol|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705121911/https://www.produ.com/noticias/doraemon-alcanza-excelentes-resultados-en-caracol|archive-date=July 5, 2019|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=Produ|language=es}}</ref> and Chile.<ref>{{Cite web|last=de Prensa|first=Comunicado|date=July 2, 2015|title=Llegan a Chile capítulos exclusivos de Doraemon|trans-title=Exclusive Doraemon episodes arrive in Chile|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2015/07/02/llegan-a-chile-capitulos-exclusivos-de-doraemon.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705121911/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2015/07/02/llegan-a-chile-capitulos-exclusivos-de-doraemon.shtml|archive-date=July 5, 2019|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=BioBioChile|language=es}}</ref> In 2017, POPS Worldwide, a Vietnamese multimedia company, collaborated with TV Asahi to release the anime series on [[YouTube]] and other digital platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ngát Ngọc|date=2017-08-12|title=Việt Nam có bản quyền phim hoạt hình 'Doraemon' trên YouTube đầu tiên|trans-title=Vietnam first to have the copyright of 'Doraemon' anime on YouTube|url=https://thanhnien.vn/van-hoa/viet-nam-co-ban-quyen-phim-hoat-hinh-doraemon-tren-youtube-dau-tien-865168.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114214722/https://thanhnien.vn/van-hoa/viet-nam-co-ban-quyen-phim-hoat-hinh-doraemon-tren-youtube-dau-tien-865168.html|archive-date=2020-11-14|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Thanh Niên]]|publisher=|language=vi}}</ref>

==== Films ====
{{Further|List of Doraemon films{{!}}List of Doraemon films}}
By 2025, there have been 44 annual feature-length [[animated film]]s produced by Shin-Ei Animation and released by Toho.<ref name="Clements-2006">{{Cite book|last1=Clements|first1=Jonathan|title=The Anime Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917|last2=McCarthy|first2=Helen|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-61172-515-5|pages=158}}</ref> The first twenty-five films are based on the 1979 anime, while the rest are based on the 2005 anime.<ref name="Clements-2006" /> Unlike the anime and manga series, the films are more action-adventure oriented, taking the familiar characters of ''Doraemon'' and placing them in a variety of exotic and perilous settings.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|p=43}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Boon Chan|date=2016-06-08|title=Movie review: The comforting charms of Doraemon|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/adventure-in-prehistoric-japan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608133345/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/adventure-in-prehistoric-japan|archive-date=2016-06-08|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref>

A [[3D computer graphics|3D computer animated]] film, ''[[Stand by Me Doraemon]],'' debuted in Japan on August 8, 2014.<ref name="Komatsu-2014">{{Cite web|last=Komatsu|first=Mikikazu|date=2014-08-19|title=3DCG Film "Stand By Me Doraemon" to be Released in 21 Regions/Countries|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2014/08/19-1/3dcg-film-stand-by-me-doraemon-to-be-released-in-21-regionscountries|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822021101/http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2014/08/19-1/3dcg-film-stand-by-me-doraemon-to-be-released-in-21-regionscountries|archive-date=2014-08-22|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[Crunchyroll]]}}</ref> Directed by [[Takashi Yamazaki]] and Ryūichi Yagi,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-14|title=「ドラえもん」が初の3DCG映画化 来夏公開へ|trans-title="Doraemon" will be released as the first 3DCG movie next summer|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2030877/full/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813021611/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2030877/full/|archive-date=2014-08-13|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[Oricon|Oricon News]]|language=ja}}</ref> it combines elements from the short stories of the manga series: "All the Way from the Country of the Future", "Imprinting Egg", "Goodbye, Shizuka-chan", "Romance in Snowy Mountain", "Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding", and "Goodbye, Doraemon&nbsp;..." into a new complete story, from the first time Doraemon came to Nobita's house to Doraemon bidding farewell to Nobita.<ref name="Komatsu-2014" /><ref name="Fuziko">{{cite web|date=2014-08-16|title=3DCG『ドラえもん』、藤子・F・不二雄先生も知らなかった物語|trans-title=3DCG "Doraemon", a story that Fujiko F. Fujio didn't even know|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2041053/full/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819082707/http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2041053/full/|archive-date=2014-08-19|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Oricon News|language=ja}}</ref> The film was a box office success, grossing $183.4 million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stand by Me Doraemon|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2983285253/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907220354/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2983285253/|archive-date=2020-09-07|access-date=2021-05-26|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> A sequel, ''[[Stand by Me Doraemon 2]]'', also directed by Yamazaki and Yagi, was released on November 20, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|date=2020-10-07|title=Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG Film's Trailer Reveals Masaki Suda's Song, November 20 Debut|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-10-06/stand-by-me-doraemon-2-cg-film-trailer-reveals-masaki-suda-song-november-20-debut/.164943|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009190529/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-10-06/stand-by-me-doraemon-2-cg-film-trailer-reveals-masaki-suda-song-november-20-debut/.164943|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Anime News Network}}</ref>

==== Short films, OVA and crossover ====
Several ''Doraemon'' [[List of Doraemon films#Short films|short films]] were produced and released between 1989 and 2004.<ref name="Clements-2006" /> These include ''[[2112: The Birth of Doraemon]]'', a film about the life of Doraemon from birth before coming to Nobita;<ref>{{Cite web|title=2112年 ドラえもん誕生|trans-title=2112: The Birth of Doraemon|url=https://eiga.com/movie/74111/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124143929/https://eiga.com/movie/74111/|archive-date=2013-01-24|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Eiga.com|language=ja}}</ref> ''[[Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding]]'', a film about the events related to the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka;<ref>{{Cite web|title=映画 のび太の結婚前夜: 作品情報|trans-title=Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding: Work Information|url=https://eiga.com/movie/75723/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123115947/https://eiga.com/movie/75723/|archive-date=2013-01-23|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Eiga.com|language=ja}}</ref> ''[[The Day When I Was Born]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=ぼくの生まれた日: 作品情報|trans-title=The Day When I Was Born: Work Information|url=https://eiga.com/movie/75982/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126082923/https://eiga.com/movie/75982/|archive-date=2013-01-26|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Eiga.com|language=ja}}</ref> and ''[[Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=おばあちゃんの思い出: 作品情報|trans-title=Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections: Work Information|url=https://eiga.com/movie/75794/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627172804/https://eiga.com/movie/75794/|archive-date=2013-06-27|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Eiga.com|language=ja}}</ref> the films about the relationship between Nobita and his parents along with his grandmother. Other short films focus on [[Dorami]] and [[The Doraemons]].<ref name="Clements-2006" /> In 1981, Toho released ''[[What Am I for Momotaro]]'', a film about [[Momotarō]], the hero of Japanese folklore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん ぼく桃太郎のなんなのさ: 作品情報|trans-title=What Am I for Momotaro: Work Information|url=https://eiga.com/movie/67951/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125115740/https://eiga.com/movie/67951/|archive-date=2013-01-25|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Eiga.com|language=ja}}</ref>

In 1994, an educational [[OVA]] was made, titled ''Doraemon: Nobita to Mirai Note'' {{Nihongo|2=ドラえもん のび太と未来ノート}}, where the main characters express the hope for a better Earth. The OVA was released in DVD along with the 13th issue of ''Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland'' magazine in September 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEBアニメスタイル 更新情報とミニニュース|trans-title=WEB Anime Style Update Information and Mini News|url=http://www.style.fm/log/00top_58.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928012208/http://www.style.fm/log/00top_58.html|archive-date=2019-09-28|access-date=2021-05-26|website=WEB Anime Style|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2004-09-03|title=雑誌 ぼくドラえもん13|trans-title=Magazine I, Doraemon 13|url=https://www.mercari.com/jp/items/m74854918626/|magazine=Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland|language=ja|access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref> A crossover episode of ''Doraemon'' with ''[[AIBOU: Tokyo Detective Duo]]'' aired on TV Asahi on November 9, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dennison|first=Kara|date=2018-10-30|title=Doraemon Prepares to Buddy up with Cop Drama AIBOU|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2018/10/30/doraemon-prepares-to-buddy-up-with-cop-drama-aibou|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042902/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2018/10/30/doraemon-prepares-to-buddy-up-with-cop-drama-aibou|archive-date=2019-03-06|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Crunchyroll}}</ref>

==== Music ====
{{Further|List of Doraemon soundtrack albums{{!}}List of ''Doraemon'' soundtrack albums}}
The soundtrack of the 1973 anime series was composed by Nobuyoshi Koshibe,<ref name="Masami" /> who also arranged the opening theme song {{nihongo|"Doraemon"|ドラえもん}} and the ending theme song {{Nihongo|"Doraemon Rumba"|ドラえもん ルンバ}}, both performed by Harumi Naitō.<ref name="Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs-2" /> For the 1979 anime, Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer, who arranged {{Nihongo|"Doraemon no Uta"|ドラえもんのうた}};<ref name="Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs-2" /><ref name="Tō-Ō Nippō" /> it had been performed by numerous singers, including [[Kumiko Ōsugi]] and [[Satoko Yamano (voice actress)|Satoko Yamano]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=テレビアニメ放送40周年記念 ドラえもん うたのコレクション|trans-title=TV Anime Broadcast 40th Anniversary Doraemon Uta Collection|url=https://columbia.jp/doraemon/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312082139/https://columbia.jp/doraemon/|archive-date=2010-03-12|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=[[Nippon Columbia]]|language=ja}}</ref> When the anime got a reboot in 2005, Kan Sawada was the composer of the series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Information on Works (Series) ドラえもん［新・第2期］|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/13610|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402033535/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/an/anime_series/13610|archive-date=2019-04-02|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Media Art Database|publisher=Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sawada|first=Kan|title=ドラえもん|trans-title=Doraemon|url=http://www.kansawada.com/doraemon/disc01.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815192818/http://www.kansawada.com/doraemon/disc01.html|archive-date=2015-08-15|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Kan Sawada Official Website|language=ja}}</ref> There are four other opening themes, including an instrumental version of "Doraemon no Uta" performed by [[Twelve Girls Band]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん｜テレビ朝日|url=http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemon/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415040355/http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemon/|archive-date=2005-04-15|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=TV Asahi|language=ja}}</ref> "Hagushichao" {{Nihongo|2=ハグしちゃお}} performed by [[Rimi Natsukawa]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもんOPテーマついに新曲に交代、歌は夏川りみ|trans-title=Doraemon OP theme finally changed to a new song, the song of Rimi Natsukawa|url=http://tabo.txt-nifty.com/ratelog/2005/10/op_2bff.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215174813/http://tabo.txt-nifty.com/ratelog/2005/10/op_2bff.html|archive-date=2005-12-15|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Ratelog|language=ja}}</ref> "Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon" {{Nihongo|2=夢をかなえてドラえもん}}, the opening theme broadcast from 2007 to 2018;<ref name="sitoufficialenuovoanime">{{Cite web|title=スタッフ＆声の出演者|trans-title=Staff & voice performers|url=https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemon/staff/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318050909/https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemon/staff/|archive-date=2013-03-18|access-date=2019-07-06|publisher=[[TV Asahi]]|language=ja}}</ref> and "Doraemon" performed by [[Gen Hoshino]], broadcast since October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-06|title=星野源「ドラえもん」新オープニング曲に!|trans-title=Gen Hoshino's "Doraemon" New Opening Song!|url=https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/smt/f/geinou_tokuho/hot/?id=hot_20190906_020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117120026/https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/smt/f/geinou_tokuho/hot/?id=hot_20190906_020|archive-date=2020-11-17|access-date=2020-11-17|publisher=[[TV Asahi]]|language=ja}}</ref>

Numerous collections of theme songs of the anime series and feature films were initially available in [[Cassette tape|cassettes]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=パチソン ドラえもんのうた のぶ代ドラ カセットテープ|trans-title=Pachison Doraemon no Uta Nobuyo Dora Cassette Tape|url=https://item.fril.jp/ee8c1ad5faa488907e1327a58d4d86cb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117213904/https://item.fril.jp/ee8c1ad5faa488907e1327a58d4d86cb|archive-date=2020-11-17|access-date=2020-11-17|publisher=[[Rakuten]]|language=ja}}</ref> Since the 1990s, ''Doraemon'' songs have been released in CD, under the type of [[Single (music)|singles]] and [[compilation album]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん映画主題歌集~雲がゆくのは|trans-title=Doraemon movie theme songbook ~ Kumo ga Yuku no Wa|url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%81%88%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E6%AD%8C%E9%9B%86-%E9%9B%B2%E3%81%8C%E3%82%86%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF-%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%E9%89%84%E7%9F%A2/dp/B00005MX5J|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117232932/https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%81%88%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E6%AD%8C%E9%9B%86-%E9%9B%B2%E3%81%8C%E3%82%86%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF-%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%E9%89%84%E7%9F%A2/dp/B00005MX5J|archive-date=2020-11-17|access-date=2021-05-27|asin=B00005MX5J|asin-tld=jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん|trans-title=Doraemon|url=https://musicstore.auone.jp/s/special/13320?affiliate=2525260001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117233557/https://musicstore.auone.jp/s/special/13320?affiliate=2525260001|archive-date=2020-11-17|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Music Store|publisher=RecoChoku Co., Ltd.|language=ja}}</ref> Soundtracks of ''Doraemon'' feature films have been released by [[Nippon Columbia]] since 2001 in the album series {{Nihongo|"Doraemon Soundtrack History"|ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん Sound Track History～菊池俊輔 音楽集～|trans-title=Doraemon Sound Track History ~ Shunsuke Kikuchi Music Collection ~|url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/ドラえもん-Sound-Track-History～菊池俊輔-音楽集～/dp/B00005HQSK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307233832/https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%81%88%E3%82%82%E3%82%93-Sound-Track-History%EF%BD%9E%E8%8F%8A%E6%B1%A0%E4%BF%8A%E8%BC%94-%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E9%9B%86%EF%BD%9E/dp/B00005HQSK|archive-date=2007-03-07|access-date=2021-05-27|asin=B00005HQSK|asin-tld=jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん サウンドトラックヒストリー２|trans-title=Doraemon Soundtrack History 2|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/goods/detail/143165|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111123339/http://www.billboard-japan.com/goods/detail/143165|archive-date=2015-01-11|access-date=2020-11-17|publisher=[[Billboard Japan]]|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=映画ドラえもん のび太の宇宙英雄記 オリジナル・サウンドトラック＆モア 映画ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー３|trans-title=Doraemon: Nobita's Space Heroes Movie Original Soundtrack & More Movie Doraemon Sound Track History 3|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/goods/detail/491406|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714154312/http://www.billboard-japan.com/goods/detail/491406|archive-date=2016-07-14|access-date=2020-11-17|publisher=[[Billboard Japan]]|language=ja}}</ref>

=== Musical shows === 
''Doraemon'' has been adapted into a musical, titled {{nihongo|''Doraemon the Musical: Nobita and the Animal Planet''|舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル{{ruby|惑星|プラネット}}|Butaiban Doraemon: Nobita to Animaru Puranetto}}. Based on the 1990 [[anime]] film [[Doraemon: Nobita and the Animal Planet|of the same name]], it debuted at [[Tokyo Metropolitan Art Space]] on September 4, 2008, running through September 14. Shoji Kokami was the director and writer, Makoto Sakamoto played Nobita and Reiko Suho as Shizuka; Jaian and Suneo were portrayed by Tomohiro Waki and Kensaku Kobayashi, respectively; Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-09-30|title=Play of the month: Shoji Kokami|url=http://www.performingarts.jp/E/play/0809/1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053527/http://www.performingarts.jp/E/play/0809/1.html|archive-date=2018-04-19|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Performing Arts Network Japan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星|trans-title=Doraemon: Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version|url=http://www.thirdstage.com/dora/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230022714/http://www.thirdstage.com/dora/|archive-date=2008-12-30|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Third Stage|language=ja}}</ref> The musical was later revived and ran at Sunshine Theater, Tokyo from March 26 to April 2, 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=February 4, 2017|title=1st Doraemon Stage Play in 9 Years Unveils Visual|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-04/1st-doraemon-stage-play-in-9-years-unveils-visual/.111841|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205082151/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-04/1st-doraemon-stage-play-in-9-years-unveils-visual/.111841|archive-date=2017-02-05|access-date=February 9, 2021|website=Anime News Network}}</ref> then later in other prefectures including [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]], [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]] and [[Aichi Prefecture|Aichi]].<ref name="Third Stage">{{Cite web|title=舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星|trans-title=Doraemon: Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version|url=http://www.thirdstage.com/doraemon2017/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420011934/http://www.thirdstage.com/doraemon2017/|archive-date=2017-04-20|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Third Stage|language=ja}}</ref> The 2017 revival is also directed and written by Kokami,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dennison|first=Kara|date=2016-12-28|title="Doraemon" Takes to the Stage in "Nobita and the Animal Planet"|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/12/28/doraemon-takes-to-the-stage-in-nobita-and-the-animal-planet|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229144001/http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/12/28/doraemon-takes-to-the-stage-in-nobita-and-the-animal-planet|archive-date=2016-12-29|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Crunchyroll}}</ref> with Mizuta reprising her role;<ref name="Third Stage" /> Nobita, Shizuka, Jaian and Suneo were played by Yuuchi Ogoe, Hina Higuchi, Koki Azuma and Shō Jinnai, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=2016-12-27|title=Doraemon Stage Play Returns After 9 Years|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-27/doraemon-stage-play-returns-after-9-years/.110379|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228111053/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-27/doraemon-stage-play-returns-after-9-years/.110379|archive-date=2016-12-28|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Anime News Network}}</ref>

===Video games===
Many Japanese-only [[List of Doraemon video games|video games]] based on ''Doraemon'' have been developed. For instance, in 1983, [[Bandai]] developed {{Nihongo|2=どこでも ドラヤキ ドラえもん|3=Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon}}, an arcade game inspired by [[Pac-Man]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Morgan|first=Rik|title=Bandai Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon|url=https://www.handheldmuseum.com/Bandai/Dokodemo.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220141714/http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Bandai/Dokodemo.htm|archive-date=2004-12-20|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Handheld Museum}}</ref> ''[[Doraemon (1986 video game)|Doraemon]]'', a [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] video game made by [[Hudson Soft]], was released on December 12, 1986,<ref>{{Cite web|title=ドラえもん|url=http://mediaarts-db.jp/gm/syosai.php?id=392100100197&kbn=c12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530183343/http://mediaarts-db.jp/gm/syosai.php?id=392100100197&kbn=c12|archive-date=2016-05-30|access-date=2021-05-28|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja}}</ref> and became one of the best-selling games of that year in Japan with over 1.15 million copies sold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Japan Platinum Game Chart|url=http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-JPPlatinum.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191300/http://www.the-magicbox.com/Chart-JPPlatinum.shtml|archive-date=2016-03-03|access-date=2021-05-26|website=The Magic Box}}</ref> On December 6, 2007, [[Sega]] published ''[[Doraemon Wii]]'', the first ''Doraemon'' video game released on [[Wii]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-09-14|title=「セガコンシューマ新作発表会2007Autumn」で発表された最新タイトルSSを大公開|trans-title=The latest title SS announced at "SEGA Consumer New Release 2007 Autumn" is released to the public|url=https://dengekionline.com/data/news/2007/9/14/c64b850cccedb87115994d8475e53064.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218144613/https://dengekionline.com/data/news/2007/9/14/c64b850cccedb87115994d8475e53064.html|archive-date=2007-12-18|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Dengeki Online|language=ja}}</ref> Doraemon can also be seen in [[Namco]]'s ''[[Taiko no Tatsujin]]'' rhythm game series, such as in ''Taiko no Tatsujin: Sesson de Dodon ga Don!'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Romano|first=Sal|date=2017-06-22|title=Taiko Drum Master: Session de Dodon ga Don! first details, screenshots|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2017/06/taiko-drum-master-session-de-dodon-ga-don-first-details-screenshots|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623053038/https://www.gematsu.com/2017/06/taiko-drum-master-session-de-dodon-ga-don-first-details-screenshots|archive-date=2017-06-23|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Gematsu}}</ref> The first Doraemon game to receive a Western release was ''[[Doraemon Story of Seasons]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-02|title=Doraemon Story of Seasons launches June 13 in Japan, first trailer and details|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2019/04/doraemon-story-of-seasons-launches-june-13-in-japan-first-trailer-and-details|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402173939/https://www.gematsu.com/2019/04/doraemon-story-of-seasons-launches-june-13-in-japan-first-trailer-and-details|archive-date=2019-04-02|access-date=2021-01-22|website=Gematsu|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-23|title=Doraemon Story of Seasons for PS4 coming west on September 4|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2020/04/doraemon-story-of-seasons-for-ps4-coming-west-on-september-4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426050304/https://www.gematsu.com/2020/04/doraemon-story-of-seasons-for-ps4-coming-west-on-september-4|archive-date=2020-04-26|access-date=2021-01-22|website=Gematsu|language=en-US}}</ref> Card games with ''Doraemon'' themes have also been made in several special occasions, sometimes to exploit the popularity of feature films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dorainfo|url=http://epoch.jp/cd/tcg/dorainfo.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030063543/http://epoch.jp/cd/tcg/dorainfo.html|archive-date=2007-10-30|access-date=2021-05-26|publisher=Epoch Co., Ltd.|language=ja}}</ref> In 2016, a special edition of ''[[Uno (card game)|Uno]]'' about the series' characters was released exclusively in Japan, as a result of a cooperation between [[Asatsu-DK]] and [[Mattel]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-30|title=UNOに新ルール コラボカードが一挙に3つ登場 「ドラえもん」「ドラゴンボール」「ワンピース」の世界観を反映|trans-title=Three new rule collaboration cards appear in UNO at once, reflecting the world view of "Doraemon", "Dragon Ball" and "One Piece"|url=https://p-prom.com/feature/?p=11039|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021163250/https://p-prom.com/feature/?p=11039|archive-date=2016-10-21|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Print & Promotion|language=ja}}</ref>

=== Merchandise ===
In Japan, the ''Doraemon'' merchandising rights belong to [[Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions]], which has produced and distributed a wide range of products under its brand, such as toys, food, stationery, [[action figure]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doraemon Business Department|url=http://www.shopro.co.jp/english/media/doraemon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206123635/http://www.shopro.co.jp/english/media/doraemon.html|archive-date=2010-12-06|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[ShoPro]]}}</ref> {{Transliteration|ja|[[gashapon]]}}, shoes, clothing, and others.<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Benson|first=Anya|date=2015-03-09|title=The utopia of suburbia: the unchanging past and limitless future in Doraemon|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09555803.2015.1015597?journalCode=rjfo20|journal=Japan Forum|volume=27|issue=2|pages=235–256|doi=10.1080/09555803.2015.1015597|s2cid=143711601 |url-access=subscription}} See especially p. 243.</ref> Several companies have collaborated on the creation and distribution of products on the series and its characters, including [[Sanrio]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-22|title=ドラえもんとハローキティが夢のコラボ 「どこでもドア」から一緒に登場|trans-title=Doraemon and Hello Kitty appear together from the dream collaboration "Anywhere Door"|url=https://animeanime.jp/article/2015/07/22/24218.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724032212/https://animeanime.jp/article/2015/07/22/24218.html|archive-date=2015-07-24|access-date=2022-01-14|website=アニメ！アニメ！|language=ja}}</ref> [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Baby All Star N Doraemon Z|url=http://converse.co.jp/products/baby-all-star-n-doraemon-z/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212112235/http://converse.co.jp/products/baby-all-star-n-doraemon-z/|archive-date=2016-02-12|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]]|language=ja}}</ref> [[Moleskine]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doraemon Limited Edition Collection|url=https://www.moleskine.com/ko/web/en/news/doraemon-cartoon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614172012/https://www.moleskine.com/ko/web/en/news/doraemon-cartoon|archive-date=2018-06-14|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[Moleskine]]}}</ref> and [[ESP Guitars]], which has made guitars decorated with ''Doraemon'' characters;<ref>{{cite web|title=ESP X Doraemon|url=http://espguitars.co.jp/doraemon/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903175610/http://espguitars.co.jp/doraemon/index.html|archive-date=September 3, 2013|access-date=May 27, 2021|publisher=[[ESP Guitars]]}}</ref> a further partnership of ''Doraemon'' with [[Uniqlo]] led to a line of clothing designed by [[Takashi Murakami]].<ref>{{Cite press release|title=UNIQLO Presents Doraemon UT Featuring Works by Master Contemporary Artist Takashi Murakami|date=2018-05-09|publisher=[[Uniqlo]]|url=http://www.uniqlo.com/sg/corp/pressrelease/2018/05/uniqlo_presents_doraemon_ut_fe.html|access-date=2022-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524233923/http://www.uniqlo.com/sg/corp/pressrelease/2018/05/uniqlo_presents_doraemon_ut_fe.html|archive-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> The ''Doraemon'' franchise has also collaborated with various Japanese brands, including Tsi Groove & Sports's ''Jack Bunny!!'' golf apparel brand,<ref>{{cite web|date=August 5, 2019|title=「Jack Bunny!!」と人気キャラクター「ドラえもん」とのコラボがパワーアップして登場！ サングラスをしたドラえもんアイテムなど限定品が発売 8月9日(金)からは「ドラえもん祭り」を開催！|trans-title=A collaboration between "Jack Bunny!!" and the popular character "Doraemon" has been enhanced! Limited items such as Doraemon items wearing sunglasses will be on sale. The "Doraemon Festival" will be held from August 9th (Friday)!|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000006.000036213.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102230349/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000006.000036213.html|archive-date=November 2, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=PR Times|language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 31, 2020|title=ゴルフアパレルブランド「Jack Bunny!!」から、いつものゴルフを「ドラえもん」と楽しく過ごせるコラボアイテムが今年も登場！発売を記念して8月7日(金)からは「ドラえもん祭り」を開催！|trans-title=From the golf apparel brand "Jack Bunny!!", collaboration items that allow you to enjoy your usual golf with "Doraemon" will be released this year as well! To commemorate the release, the "Doraemon Festival" will be held from August 7th (Friday)!|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000034.000009786.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105141902/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000034.000009786.html|archive-date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=PR Times|language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 4, 2021|title=「DORAEMON JackBunny!! FESTIVAL'21」8/6(金)～の8/22(日)開催！|trans-title="DORAEMON Jack Bunny !! FESTIVAL'21" will be held from August 6th (Friday) to August 22nd (Sunday)!|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000118.000009786.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105120654/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000118.000009786.html|archive-date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=PR Times|language=Japanese}}</ref> [[Unicharm]]'s ''MamiPoko'' diaper brand,<ref>{{cite web|date=May 14, 2021|title=ドラえもん50周年『マミーポコパンツ』ハッピーデザイン|trans-title=Doraemon 50th Anniversary "MamiPoko Pants" Happy Design|url=https://dora-world.com/contents/1900|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103191633/https://dora-world.com/contents/1900|archive-date=November 3, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=Fujiko Pro|language=Japanese}}</ref> and the video games ''LINE Pop 2'',<ref>{{cite web|date=March 20, 2018|title=「LINE POP2」に「ドラえもん」たちが登場！『映画ドラえもん のび太の宝島』とコラボレーション開始！|trans-title="Doraemon" and others have appeared in "LINE POP2"! Collaboration with "Doraemon: Nobita's Treasure Island" has started!|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000001013.000001594.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105142001/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000001013.000001594.html|archive-date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=PR Times|language=Japanese}}</ref> ''[[Monster Strike]]'',<ref>{{cite web|date=February 28, 2020|title=【追記：3/6】「映画ドラえもん のび太の新恐竜」と「モンスト」のコラボイベントを3/6（金）より期間限定で開催！ドラえもん、のび太、しずか、ジャイアン、スネ夫がモンストに登場！|trans-title=[Addition: 3/6] A collaboration event between "Movie Doraemon Nobita's New Dinosaur" and "Monster Strike" will be held for a limited time from March 6th (Friday)! Doraemon, Nobita, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo appear in Monster Strike!|url=https://www.monster-strike.com/news/20200228_6.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122020228/https://www.monster-strike.com/news/20200228_6.html|archive-date=November 22, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=XFLAG|language=Japanese}}</ref> and ''[[Granblue Fantasy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stenbuck|first=Kite|date=November 1, 2021|title=Granblue Fantasy Doraemon Crossover Will Appear in December 2021|url=https://www.siliconera.com/granblue-fantasy-doraemon-crossover-will-appear-in-december-2021/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117212157/https://www.siliconera.com/granblue-fantasy-doraemon-crossover-will-appear-in-december-2021/|archive-date=November 17, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=[[Siliconera]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=October 31, 2021|title=Granblue Fantasy announces Doraemon collab for December|url=https://www.gamerbraves.com/granblue-fantasy-announces-doraemon-collab-for-december/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105141834/https://www.gamerbraves.com/granblue-fantasy-announces-doraemon-collab-for-december/|archive-date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 2, 2021|publisher=GamerBraves}}</ref> [[Viz Media]] owns the ''Doraemon'' merchandising rights in North and Latin America,<ref name="Viz Merchandise" /> which has developed ''Doraemon''-themed clothing and collectibles in collaboration with retail chain [[Hot Topic]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viz Media announces new officially licensed collectables and apparel based on the celebrated anime property Doraemon|url=https://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1006154|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706222916/http://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1006154|archive-date=2016-07-06|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[Viz Media]]}}</ref> and themed [[Happy Meal]]s in a 2015 collaboration with [[McDonald's]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-14|title=McDonald's hopes to make kids happy — by teaming up with Japan's favorite blue friend Doraemon!|url=https://soranews24.com/2015/03/14/mcdonalds-hopes-to-make-kids-happy-by-teaming-up-with-japans-favorite-blue-friend-doraemon/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171850/https://soranews24.com/2015/03/14/mcdonalds-hopes-to-make-kids-happy-by-teaming-up-with-japans-favorite-blue-friend-doraemon/|archive-date=2018-06-14|access-date=2022-01-14|website=SoraNews24}}</ref> Viz Media Europe (now [[Crunchyroll EMEA]]) manages the merchandising in Europe except Spain and Portugal;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doraemon - the gadget cat from the future!|url=http://vizeurope.com/en/licence/doraemon|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921073905/http://vizeurope.com/en/licence/doraemon|archive-date=2016-09-21|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[Viz Media Europe]]}}</ref> LUK International has obtained licenses in these two countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Licensing & Promotions / DORAEMON|url=http://www.lukinternacional.com/en/licensing-promotions/doraemon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718195523/http://www.lukinternacional.com/en/licensing-promotions/doraemon|archive-date=2018-07-18|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=LUK International}}</ref>

Characters from ''Doraemon'' have been used in advertising through specific agreements with Shogakukan. For instance, following the [[Cool Japan]] initiative promoted by the [[Government of Japan|Japanese government]], [[Sharp Corporation]] produced a series of commercials featuring the characters of Doraemon and Nobita, which were broadcast in several [[ASEAN countries]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2015|title=Cool Japan Initiative|url=http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_service/mono/creative/150706CJInitiativeJuly.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328103734/http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_service/mono/creative/150706CJInitiativeJuly.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-28|access-date=2022-01-14|publisher=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|METI]]|page=3}}</ref> In late 2011, Shogakukan and [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] joined forces to create a series of live-action commercials as part of Toyota's ReBorn ad campaign, which depicted the manga's characters two decades after being grown up, where Hollywood actor [[Jean Reno]] played Doraemon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Denny|first=Mac|date=2011-11-20|title=Toyota Introduces Increasingly Impressive Cast for Live-Action Doraemon Commercials|url=https://soranews24.com/2011/11/20/toyota-rolls-out-increasingly-impressive-cast-for-live-action-doraemon-commercials/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805143312/https://soranews24.com/2011/11/20/toyota-rolls-out-increasingly-impressive-cast-for-live-action-doraemon-commercials/|archive-date=2018-08-05|access-date=2022-01-14|website=SoraNews24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=July 15, 2012|title=Jean Reno Goes to Olympics as Doraemon in New Live-Action Ad – News|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-07-14/jean-reno-goes-to-olympics-as-doraemon-in-new-live-action-ad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108100519/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-07-14/jean-reno-goes-to-olympics-as-doraemon-in-new-live-action-ad|archive-date=November 8, 2012|access-date=January 31, 2013|website=Anime News Network}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{See also|List of non-Japanese Doraemon versions{{!}}List of non-Japanese ''Doraemon'' versions}}

=== General ===
''Doraemon'' is considered one of the best-known manga of all time, a true Japanese cultural icon,<ref name="Schodt 1999"/> and an essential part of family life of the Japanese post-war generation.<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-2">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=240}}</ref> Akihiro Motoyama observed that "mothers who watched the movies when they were children are now taking their own children to see them".<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-2" /><ref name="Schilling-1993">{{Cite journal|last=Schilling|first=Mark|date=1993|title=Doraemon: Making Dreams Come True|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/18bc0e950d0102ff0d65d3f6d5044af8/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821452|journal=Japan Quarterly|volume=40|issue=4|pages=405–417}}</ref> It was also commercially successful: over {{nowrap|108 million}} books were sold in Japan by 1996.<ref name="Schodt217">{{Harvnb|Schodt|1999|p=217}}</ref> The 1979<ref name="Schilling-1993" /> and 2005 anime series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=2018-02-15|title=Japan's Animation TV Ranking, February 5–11|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-15/japan-animation-tv-ranking-february-5-11/.127848|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216044636/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-15/japan-animation-tv-ranking-february-5-11/.127848|archive-date=2018-02-16|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Anime News Network]]|quote=''Doraemon''&nbsp;... Average Household Rating: 8.3}}</ref> also achieved high ratings on television. With the film ''[[Doraemon: Nobita's Secret Gadget Museum]]'', the [[List of Doraemon films|''Doraemon'' anime film series]] reached 100 million tickets sold at the Japanese box office, surpassing ''[[Godzilla (franchise)|Godzilla]]'' as the [[List of highest-grossing films in Japan|highest-grossing film franchise in Japan]].<ref name="Wall Street Journal Japan">{{cite news|last=Sekiguchi|first=Toko|date=March 26, 2013|title=Godzilla Loses Top Spot to Kittybot Doraemon|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/03/26/godzilla-loses-top-spot-to-kittybot-doraemon/|url-status=live|access-date=March 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330002155/http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/03/26/godzilla-loses-top-spot-to-kittybot-doraemon/|archive-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> By 2015, it had sold over 103 million tickets, and was the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in the country.<ref>{{cite web|author=Blair|first=Gavin J.|date=April 6, 2015|title=Japan Box Office: 'Doraemon' Anime Still All-Conquering|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/japan-box-office-doraemon-anime-786473|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528220457/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/japan-box-office-doraemon-anime-786473|archive-date=May 28, 2015|access-date=May 28, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

''Doraemon'' was also a hit in Asia in general, and was considered one of the typical cases of Japanese [[soft power]],<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-3">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=234}}</ref> although it was published without a license in some countries.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|pp=264–265, 268–269}}</ref> The anime television series is available in over 60 countries,<ref name="TV Asahi" /> and reportedly getting high ratings in at least 30 countries.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=June 3, 2015|title=Japanese robot cat Doraemon helps ease diplomatic tensions with China|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/japanese-robot-cat-doraemon-eases-diplomatic-tensions-with-china|url-status=live|access-date=July 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722031540/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/japanese-robot-cat-doraemon-eases-diplomatic-tensions-with-china|archive-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref> However, ''Doraemon'' was less successful in Western countries, because it was viewed as a children-only series, and there were some tight restrictions about publishing manga and broadcasting anime series there.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=267}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cooper-Chen|first=Anne|title=Cartoon Cultures: The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2010|isbn=978-1433103681|pages=85}}</ref> The manga has sold over {{nowrap|170 million}} copies worldwide by 2012;<ref name="Iwamoto-2012">{{Cite web|last=Iwamoto|first=Tetsuo|date=2012-09-03|title=Happy birthday! Doraemon will be born 100 years from today|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/style/AJ201209030098|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124063755/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/style/AJ201209030098|archive-date=2015-01-24|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Easton|first=Yukari|date=2016-08-31|title=Tokyo 2020 and Japan's Soft Power|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/tokyo-2020-and-japans-soft-power/|url-status=live|journal=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902184000/https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/tokyo-2020-and-japans-soft-power/|archive-date=2016-09-02|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref> over 250 million by 2019;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |script-title=ja:ドラえもん、誕生５０周年にビックリ新刊！「第０巻」２７日発売  |trans-title=Doraemon, surprise new publication on the 50th anniversary! "Volume 0" released on the 27th of November|url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20191127-4ULPPKAK3ZN35IXMWNAVOMSZ3A/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=サンスポ |publisher=Sankei Digital, Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> and over 300 million by 2024.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:ドラえもん 作品概要|url=https://adpocket.shogakukan.co.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/【スペシャル】ドラえもん.pdf|website=Shogakukan AD Pocket|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=October 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820035731/https://adpocket.shogakukan.co.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/【スペシャル】ドラえもん.pdf|archive-date=August 20, 2024|language=ja|date=August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Estimates show that ''Doraemon'' has generated at least more than {{US$|4.3 billion|long=no}} in merchandise sales by 2019,{{Efn|''Doraemon'' licensed merchandise sales:
*Royalties (1979–1994) – {{¥|15.3 billion}} ({{US$|153 million|long=no}})<ref name="Schodt217"/>
*Japan (1999–2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010) – {{¥|223.75 billion}} ({{US$|{{#expr:223.75/87.78 round 3}} billion|long=no}})<ref name="JPY2010">{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2010&locations=JP&start=2009 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014220/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2010&locations=JP&start=2009 |archive-date=2018-09-26 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref>
**1999 – {{¥|{{#expr:2100*(4.01/100)}} billion}}<ref name="Japan1999">{{cite book |last=Tsukada |first=Yuko |chapter=Action! Report No.3: 市場環境を調べる |title=クリエイターのための自営学 |trans-chapter=Action! Report No.3: Examine the market environment |trans-title=Self-employment studies for creators |chapter-url=https://jieigaku.net/report3-2.htm |publisher=Creative Work Station / [[:ja:明日香出版社|Asuka Publishing]] |date=September 7, 2001 |isbn=4756911501 |language=ja |access-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420111216/https://jieigaku.net/report3-2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**2000 – {{¥|50 billion}}<ref name="Yano2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppOyAAAAIAAJ|title=Market Share in Japan|date=2005|publisher=Yano Research Institute|page=18|quote=7 {{!}} Doraemon {{!}} 500&nbsp;... 8 {{!}} Doraemon {{!}} 300|access-date=September 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120025656/https://books.google.com/books?id=ppOyAAAAIAAJ|archive-date=November 20, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
**2003 – {{¥|30 billion}}<ref name="Yano2"/>
**2005 – {{¥|{{#expr:1610*(1.55/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="Japan2005">{{cite web |title=日本のアニメ・マンガを取り巻く状況 |trans-title=The situation surrounding Japanese animation and manga|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/souhatu/h18seika/01anime/01_sousei_09honpen3.pdf#page=15 |publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] |pages=25–26 |language=ja |date=March 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318201726/https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/souhatu/h18seika/01anime/01_sousei_09honpen3.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2013 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref>
**2007 – {{¥|{{#expr:1600*(1.10/100)}} billion}}<ref name="Japan2007">{{cite news |title=キャラクターが日本を救う |trans-title=Characters Save Japan |url=https://research.nttcoms.com/database/data/000938/ |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=[[:ja:NTTコム オンライン・マーケティング・ソリューション|NTTCom Online Marketing Solutions]] |publisher=[[NTT Communications]] |date=January 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415193216/https://research.nttcoms.com/database/data/000938/ |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |language=ja}}</ref>
**2010 – {{¥|{{#expr:1617*(1.05/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="charabiz2010">{{cite book |title=コンテンツ2次利用市場（ライセンス市場）に係る 競争環境及び海外市場動向実態調査 |trans-title=Research on the competitive environment and overseas market trends in the secondary content use market (licensing market) |date=2011 |publisher=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] (METI) |pages=22–23 |url=https://www.kanto.meti.go.jp/kankobutu/data/contents_kaigaishijyo_chousa.pdf#page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105181943/https://www.kanto.meti.go.jp/kankobutu/data/contents_kaigaishijyo_chousa.pdf |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |language=ja |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref>
*Worldwide (2015–2016) – {{US$|1.108 billion|long=no}}
**2015 – {{US$|557 million|long=no}}<ref name="preschool2">{{cite news|date=July 17, 2017|title=Top 20 Preschool Properties in the $12.8 Billion Industry|work=The Licensing Letter|url=https://www.thelicensingletter.com/top-20-preschool-properties-in-the-12-8-billion-industry/|url-status=live|access-date=September 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113054/https://www.thelicensingletter.com/top-20-preschool-properties-in-the-12-8-billion-industry/|archive-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref>
**2016 – {{US$|551 million|long=no}}<ref name="preschool2"/>
*Japan (2018–2019) – {{¥|{{#expr:<!--2018-->1533*(1.87/100)+<!--2019-->1550*(2.28/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="cna">{{cite news |title=Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber、疫情中重塑品牌、以AI創作，日本內容產業熱議的3件事 |trans-title=Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber, Rebranding During the Epidemic, Creating With AI, 3 Things That Are Hotly Discussed in the Japanese Content Industry |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/culture/article/20201230w002 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)|Central News Agency]] |date=December 30, 2020 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108082753/https://www.cna.com.tw/culture/article/20201230w002 |archive-date=January 8, 2021}}</ref><ref name="charabiz2018">{{cite book |title=CharaBiz DATA 2019(18) |date=May 2019 |publisher=Character Databank |url=https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=10493 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208015402/https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=10493 |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref><ref name="charabiz2019">{{cite book |title=CharaBiz DATA 2020(19) |date=May 2020 |publisher=Character Databank |url=https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=11267 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127093316/https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=11267 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref> ({{US$|{{To USD|64010|JPN|year=2019|round=yes}} million|long=no}})|group=lower-alpha}} and over $1.7 billion from anime feature films by 2020,<ref name="Thomas-2020">{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Russell|date=2020-02-01|title=Back to the future: The world celebrates the 50th anniversary of Doraemon|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/02/01/general/doraemon-50th-anniversary/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124634/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/02/01/general/doraemon-50th-anniversary/#.XjbEu-rP0dU|archive-date=2020-02-02|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Japan Times}}</ref> making it one of the [[List of highest-grossing media franchises|highest-grossing media franchises]] of all time.

Outside Japan, ''Doraemon'' achieved particular success in Vietnam,<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|p=288}}</ref> with a record-breaking 40 million copies sold by 2006.<ref name="thanhnien">{{cite news|last1=Giao Hưởng|last2=Minh Hoa|date=March 21, 2006|title=6 kỉ lục trong lĩnh vực xuất bản - in - phát hành của Việt Nam|language=vi|trans-title=6 records in the publishing-printing-distribution sector of Vietnam|work=[[Thanh Niên]]|url=http://www1.thanhnien.com.vn/Vanhoa/Vanhoc/2006/3/22/142877.tno|url-status=dead|access-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124044612/http://www1.thanhnien.com.vn/Vanhoa/Vanhoc/2006/3/22/142877.tno|archive-date=January 24, 2008}}</ref> The manga was first launched there in 1992 by [[Kim Đồng Publishing House]], but the copyright from Shogakukan was not fully acquired until 1996.<ref name="Nguyễn Phú Cương-2010">{{Cite web|last=Nguyễn Phú Cương|date=October 16, 2010|title=Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Ông "bố nuôi" của Đôrêmon đã ra đi|trans-title=Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Doraemon's "adoptive-father" is gone|url=https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/nguyen-thang-vu-ong-bo-nuoi-cua-doremon-da-ra-di-n20101016064438165.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200927/https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/nguyen-thang-vu-ong-bo-nuoi-cua-doremon-da-ra-di-n20101016064438165.htm|archive-date=2017-04-09|access-date=October 21, 2020|website=Thể thao & Văn hóa|language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nữ Lâm|date=2020-05-14|title=Thế giới đã sẵn sàng chia tay Doraemon chưa?|trans-title=Is the world ready to say goodbye to Doraemon?|url=https://tuoitre.vn/the-gioi-da-san-sang-chia-tay-doraemon-chua-2020051409161066.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522162220/https://tuoitre.vn/the-gioi-da-san-sang-chia-tay-doraemon-chua-2020051409161066.htm|archive-date=2020-05-22|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Tuoi Tre|Tuổi Trẻ]]|language=vi}}</ref> In 1993, the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Vietnamese Ministry of Culture]] considered the manga's publication to be "an impactful event for the improvement of children, youth and adult's likings&nbsp;... [''Doraemon''] is a comprehensively educational book series which has the effect of developing children's personality".<ref name="Nguyễn Phú Cương-2010" /> Doraemon is now a cultural icon in Vietnam, having featured in many cultural events.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2010|title="Ngày hội Đôrêmon"|trans-title="Doraemon Festival"|url=http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30071&cn_id=392947|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211207/http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30071&cn_id=392947|archive-date=September 23, 2015|access-date=January 13, 2018|website=Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper|language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Phùng Hà|date=2012-12-15|title='Doraemon' - cơn sốt 20 năm chưa hạ nhiệt|trans-title='Doraemon' - the 20-year phenomenon which never dies down|url=https://giaitri.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/sach/lang-van/doraemon-con-sot-20-nam-chua-ha-nhiet-2402068.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216070210/https://giaitri.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/sach/lang-van/doraemon-con-sot-20-nam-chua-ha-nhiet-2402068.html|archive-date=2012-12-16|access-date=2021-06-02|website=[[VnExpress]]|language=vi}}</ref>

=== Critical response and analysis ===
''Doraemon'' received favorable reviews. [[Mark Schilling]] wrote, "For kids whose lives are often so regulated, Doraemon represents a welcome breath of freedom and a glimpse of a funnier, friendlier world where all dreams, even foolish ones, can come true."<ref>{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|p=44}}</ref> Italian writer Massimo Nicora wrote that the manga "can be interpreted as a type of book that criticizes, with irony, the omnipotence of science that pretends to solve every problem with its tools", alluding to the fact that Doraemon's gadgets often end up making the problems even worse than they initially were, more than anything else. He added that it represents "the metaphor of the childish imagination, which always manages to find the most bizarre and original solutions, in a continuous game of transformation of reality".<ref name="Nicora-2016">{{Cite book|last=Nicora|first=Massimo|title=C'era una volta&nbsp;... prima di Mazinga e Goldrake. Storia dei robot giapponesi dalle origini agli anni Settanta|publisher=Youcanprint|year=2016|isbn=978-8892635418|pages=161|language=it|trans-title=Once upon a time... before Mazinger and Grendizer. History of Japanese robots from the origins to the seventies}}</ref>

Some critics considered that Nobita's flawed personality and modest background is different from the special or extraordinary characteristics usually seen in other typical anime and manga protagonists; this portrayal has been seen as reasons of its appeal as well as the contrary, especially in the United States.<ref name="Iwamoto-2012" /><ref name="Thomas-2020" /> According to the [[Movimento Italiano Genitori|Italian Parents Movement]] (Moige), in the manga, "the lazy Nobita does not know any kind of appreciable evolution", though there are still good points including "the criticism of bullying, the goodness that transpires from the little Nobita and the positive figure of Shizuka".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scala|first=Elisabetta|year=2016|title=Un anno di zapping - Guida critica family friendly ai programmi televisivi|trans-title=A year of zapping - Family friendly critical guide to television programs|url=http://www.moige.it/media/2016/06/zapping_2016_6_6-1Ridotto_senza4pg_-ilovepdf-compressed-1.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204104432/https://www.moige.it/media/2016/06/zapping_2016_6_6-1Ridotto_senza4pg_-ilovepdf-compressed-1.pdf|archive-date=2020-12-04|access-date=2021-05-27|publisher=Moige|page=211}}</ref>

In his 2000 article, Leo Ching explained that the success of ''Doraemon'' in Asia was because it had reflected the Asian values such as imagination and responsibility, the same reason that ''[[Oshin]]'', another Japanese cultural export, became well known there.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ching|first=Leo|title=Globalizing the Regional, Regionalizing the Global: Mass Culture and Asianism in the Age of Late Capital|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2000|isbn=0822327236|editor-last=Appadurai|editor-first=Arjun|pages=297}}</ref> On the other hand, according to an analysis by [[Anne Allison]], professor of cultural anthropology at [[Duke University]], the strong point of it was not the variety of the gadgets, but the relationship between Doraemon and Nobita, which was particularly appreciated.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Allison|first=Anne|title=Playing with Power: Morphing Toys and Transforming Heroes in Kids' Mass Culture|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0521004608|pages=83|author-link=Anne Allison}}</ref> [[Jason Thompson (writer)|Jason Thompson]] praised the "silly situations" and "old fashioned, simple artwork", with Doraemon's expression and comments adding to the "surrounding elementary-school mischief".<ref name="Thompson" /> On the manga's 50th anniversary, an [[op-ed]] published on ''Asahi Shimbun'' stated that the manga "has already become a contemporary classic".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-04|title=Vox Populi: 'Doraemon' manga series at age 50 still proves prescient|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13185143|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305061600/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13185143|archive-date=2020-03-05|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Asahi Shimbun}}</ref>

=== Awards, accolades and public recognition ===
''Doraemon'' has received numerous accolades. It won the [[Japan Cartoonists Association Award]] twice in 1973 and 1994, the former for Excellence Award while the latter for Minister of Education, Science and Technology Award.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-06-17|title=第2回(1973年度)|trans-title=2nd (1973)|url=http://www.nihonmangakakyokai.or.jp/index.php?tbl=award&startIndex=40|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215145105/http://www.nihonmangakakyokai.or.jp/index.php?tbl=award&startIndex=40|archive-date=2013-12-15|access-date=2018-06-10|publisher=Japan Cartoonists Association|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-06-17|title=第23回(1994年度)|trans-title=23rd (1994)|url=http://www.nihonmangakakyokai.or.jp/index.php?tbl=award&startIndex=10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215140842/http://www.nihonmangakakyokai.or.jp/index.php?tbl=award&startIndex=10|archive-date=2013-12-15|access-date=2018-06-10|publisher=Japan Cartoonists Association|language=ja}}</ref> In 1982, it received the first [[Shogakukan Manga Award]] for children's manga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://comics.shogakukan.co.jp/mangasho/rist.html|script-title=ja:小学館漫画賞：歴代受賞者（第１回–第59回）|trans-title=Shogakukan Manga Award: Winners (1st – 59th)|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626124927/http://comics.shogakukan.co.jp/mangasho/rist.html|archive-date=June 26, 2015|access-date=November 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hahn|first=Joel|date=2006|title=Shogakukan Manga Award|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shogakukan.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405204147/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shogakukan.php|archive-date=2008-04-05|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Comic Book Awards Almanac}}</ref> In 1997, the manga won the Grand Prize at the first [[Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|title=第1回 マンガ大賞 藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 『ドラえもん』(小学館)|script-title=|trans-title=1st Manga Award Fujiko F. Fujio "Doraemon" (Shogakukan)|url=http://www.asahi.com/shimbun/award/tezuka/97a.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503102232/http://www.asahi.com/shimbun/award/tezuka/97a.html|archive-date=May 3, 2009|access-date=July 18, 2010|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|language=ja}}</ref> The 1979 series won the award from the [[Agency for Cultural Affairs|Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs]] four times for best television series in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|title=作品受賞歴|trans-title=Work award history|url=https://www.shin-ei-animation.jp/2016/modules/company/index.php?id=3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205031310/https://www.shin-ei-animation.jp/2016/modules/company/index.php?id=3|archive-date=2020-02-05|access-date=2021-05-27|publisher=Shin-Ei Animation|language=ja}}</ref>

A 2006 poll among 80,000 Japanese fans for the 10th anniversary of the [[Japan Media Arts Festival]] placed ''Doraemon'' at fifth among the top ten best manga of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|date=2006-10-04|title=Top 10 Anime and Manga at Japan Media Arts Festival|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-04/top-10-anime-and-manga-at-japan-media-arts-festival|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218041140/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-04/top-10-anime-and-manga-at-japan-media-arts-festival|archive-date=2006-12-18|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref> The 2005 and 2006 surveys conducted by TV Asahi found the ''Doraemon'' anime ranked fifth and third, respectively, among the 100 most favorite anime series of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|date=2005-09-24|title=TV Asahi Top 100 Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-09-23/tv-asahi-top-100-anime|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218040657/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-09-23/tv-asahi-top-100-anime|archive-date=2006-12-18|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|date=2006-10-13|title=Japan's Favorite TV Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-13/japan's-favorite-tv-anime|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217080724/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-13/japan%27s-favorite-tv-anime|archive-date=December 17, 2006|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref> In 2010, a survey conducted by researchers of [[Tokyo Polytechnic University]] found that most responders considered ''Doraemon'', along with ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' franchise, to be the anime series that represents [[Cool Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=2010-05-20|title=Japan Surveyed on Anime, Manga, Other Cultural Exports|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-20/japan-surveyed-on-anime-manga-other-cultural-exports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522235826/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-20/japan-surveyed-on-anime-manga-other-cultural-exports|archive-date=2010-05-22|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref> In a 2013 survey, ''Doraemon'' was found to be the best anime recommended for foreign people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Komatsu|first=Mikikazu|date=2013-02-26|title=Survey: 17 Recommended Anime Titles for Foreign People|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2013/02/25/survey-17-recommended-anime-titles-for-foreign-people|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228164154/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2013/02/25/survey-17-recommended-anime-titles-for-foreign-people|archive-date=2013-02-28|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Crunchyroll}}</ref>

=== Criticisms ===
''Doraemon'' has been blamed for having a negative impact on children, due to the controversial traits of the characters in the anime. The character has received criticism in China, where some media outlets considered Doraemon to be a politically subversive character and that it was a tool of Japan's "cultural invasion".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cain|first=Rob|date=2015-05-31|title=Japan's Unlikely Ambassador: a Cartoon Robot Cat From the Future Wins China's Hearts and Minds|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/05/31/japans-unlikely-ambassador-a-cartoon-robot-cat-from-the-future-wins-chinas-hearts-and-minds/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602234505/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/05/31/japans-unlikely-ambassador-a-cartoon-robot-cat-from-the-future-wins-chinas-hearts-and-minds/|archive-date=2015-06-02|access-date=2021-02-02|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2014-10-12|title=Doraemon a character of subversion, claim Chinese media|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Regional/2014/10/12/Doraemon-a-character-of-subversion-claim-Chinese-media/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202165010/https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Regional/2014/10/12/Doraemon-a-character-of-subversion-claim-Chinese-media/|archive-date=December 2, 2014|access-date=January 18, 2021|website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Piao|first=Vanessa|date=September 29, 2014|title=A Warning in China: Beware the 'Blue Fatty' Cat|url=https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/a-warning-in-china-beware-the-blue-fatty-cat/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929045110/https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/a-warning-in-china-beware-the-blue-fatty-cat/|archive-date=September 29, 2014|access-date=January 18, 2021|website=Sinosphere Blog|publisher=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Some education groups in Taiwan demanded the anime to be banned, as the plot involve bullying which would encourage [[School violence|campus bullying]].<ref>{{cite news|title=「哆啦A夢」劇情涉霸凌 教團要求下架|trans-title=Doraemon plot involve bullying, education groups demand removal|url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1055280|publisher=[[Liberty Times]]|date=2014-07-15|access-date=2014-07-17|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719021801/http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1055280|language=zh-tw}}</ref> In 2016, a resolution to ban [[Hindi]]-dubbed ''Doraemon'' anime series was submitted in Pakistan.<ref name="Ressler-2016" /> Around the same time, legal notices were served against several companies in India, targeting ''Doraemon'' and ''[[Crayon Shin-chan]]'' for bans (which did not materialize), as having an adverse effect on children.<ref name="Ressler-2016">{{Cite web|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=2016-08-04|title=Resolution to Ban Doraemon Anime Series Submitted in Pakistan|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-08-04/resolution-to-ban-doraemon-anime-series-submitted-in-pakistan/.105034|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805181931/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-08-04/resolution-to-ban-doraemon-anime-series-submitted-in-pakistan/.105034|archive-date=2016-08-05|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=October 7, 2016|title=Japanese robot cat Doraemon raises hackles in India and Pakistan|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/07/doraemon-japanese-robot-cat-raises-hackles-in-india-and-pakistan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007094520/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/07/doraemon-japanese-robot-cat-raises-hackles-in-india-and-pakistan|archive-date=October 7, 2016|access-date=January 16, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[Disney Channel (Indian TV channel)|Disney Channel India]], the regional broadcaster of the anime, was banned in Bangladesh and Pakistan citing non-availability of localized dubs for content including ''Doraemon''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP|date=2013-02-15|title=Bangladesh bans Japanese cartoon Doraemon to halt Hindi invasion|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/bangladesh-bans-japanese-cartoon-doraemon-to-halt-hindi-invasion|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105183414/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/bangladesh-bans-japanese-cartoon-doraemon-to-halt-hindi-invasion|archive-date=2018-01-05|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmad|first=Imtiaz|date=December 30, 2017|title=Pakistan lawmaker calls for Doraemon ban to be fully implemented|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-lawmaker-calls-for-doraemon-ban-to-be-fully-implemented/story-Zvr5dv6wLIf7hZ7B0FzHWP.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230182528/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-lawmaker-calls-for-doraemon-ban-to-be-fully-implemented/story-Zvr5dv6wLIf7hZ7B0FzHWP.html|archive-date=December 30, 2017|access-date=January 16, 2021|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Cultural impact and legacy ==
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 440
 | image1 = Kawasakicitybus-w-1878.jpg
 | alt1 = A shuttle bus featuring Doraemon
 | caption1 = Shuttle bus featuring Doraemon to Fujiko F. Fujio Museum in [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]]
 | image2 = Doraemon_at_National_Museum_of_Singapore..jpg
 | alt2 = Doraemon at National Museum of Singapore
 | caption2 = Doraemon at [[National Museum of Singapore]] in October 2020
}}
The ''Doraemon'' manga has inspired many other [[mangaka]]s; these include [[Eiichiro Oda]], the creator of ''[[One Piece]]'' with the idea of "Devil Fruits",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wuyuan|first=Guan|date=2014-07-03|title=尾田栄一郎：航海王冒險再10年|trans-title=Eiichiro Oda: Another 10 Years of One Piece Adventure|url=http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140703000880-260102|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707082418/http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140703000880-260102|archive-date=2014-07-07|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[China Times]]|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-04|title=Eiichiro Oda Interview With China Times (Updated)|url=http://www.onepiecepodcast.com/2014/07/04/eiichiro-oda-interview-with-china-times/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708005644/http://www.onepiecepodcast.com/2014/07/04/eiichiro-oda-interview-with-china-times/|archive-date=2014-07-08|access-date=2021-05-27|website=The One Piece Broadcast}}</ref> and [[Masashi Kishimoto]], the creator of ''[[Naruto]]'', who showed interest in drawing characters from anime shows during his childhood, including Doraemon.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kishimoto|first=Masashi|url=https://archive.org/details/naruto00kish_0/page/66|title=Naruto, Volume 7|publisher=[[Viz Media]]|year=2005|isbn=978-1-59116-875-1|pages=66, 104}}</ref> The manga has also been mentioned in ''[[Gin Tama]]'' and ''[[Great Teacher Onizuka]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McNulty|first=Amy|date=2015-05-21|title=Gintama - Episode 272|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/gintama/episode-272/.88389|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521223412/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/gintama/episode-272/.88389|archive-date=2015-05-21|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Santos|first=Carlo|date=2012-09-24|title=Review - GTO: 14 Days in Shonan|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/gto/14-days-in-shonan/gn-4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925125427/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/gto/14-days-in-shonan/gn-4|archive-date=2012-09-25|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Anime News Network}}</ref> The character Doraemon is considered one of the cultural icons in Japan,<ref name="Schodt 1999" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Jordan|date=2020-05-23|title=Fifty years of Doraemon, and still there are lessons to be learned|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/05/23/books/doraemon-manga-anniversary/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602090459/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/05/23/books/doraemon-manga-anniversary/|archive-date=2020-06-02|access-date=2021-01-20|website=The Japan Times}}</ref> and one of the most well-known characters in manga history;<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-3" /> some critics compared his notability with [[Mickey Mouse]] and [[Snoopy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pelliteri|2008|p=85}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hoover|first=William D.|title=Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0810875395|pages=62}}</ref> [[Mark Schilling]] noted that Doraemon's "Take-Copter" is familiar among Japanese people "just as Snoopy's biplane is familiar to most Americans".<ref>{{Harvnb|Schilling|2004|p=41}}</ref>

On April 22, 2002, on the special issue of ''Asian Hero'' in [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]], Doraemon was the only anime character to be named one of the twenty-two Asian Heroes, and was described as "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Iyer|first=Pico|date=April 29, 2002|title=The Cuddliest Hero in Asia|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time Asia]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/heroes/doraemon.html|url-status=dead|access-date=February 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308004845/http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/heroes/doraemon.html|archive-date=March 8, 2010}}</ref> A 2007 poll by [[Oricon]] shown that Doraemon was the second-strongest manga character ever, behind only [[Son Goku (Dragon Ball)|Son Goku]] of ''[[Dragon Ball]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-06-22|title=1000人が選んだ!漫画史上"最強"キャラクターランキング!|trans-title=Selected by 1000 people! "The strongest" character ranking in manga history!|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/45750/full/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922182159/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/45750/full/|archive-date=2014-09-22|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[Oricon|Oricon News]]|language=ja}}</ref> Doraemon is also referred as something with the ability to satisfy all wishes.<ref name="Nicora-2016" />

In 2005, the Taiwan Society of New York selected ''Doraemon'' as a culturally significant work of Japanese [[otaku]] pop-culture in its exhibit ''Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture'', curated by renowned artist [[Takashi Murakami]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture|url=https://www.japansociety.org/little_boy_the_arts_of_japans_exploding_subculture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117011852/https://www.japansociety.org/little_boy_the_arts_of_japans_exploding_subculture|archive-date=January 17, 2018|access-date=May 27, 2021|website=Japan Society}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] appointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador;<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=March 20, 2008|title=Japan enlists cartoon cat as ambassador|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/20/japan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323203109/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/20/japan|archive-date=March 23, 2008|access-date=April 17, 2016|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> a Ministry spokesperson explained the decision as an attempt to help people in other countries understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP|date=March 15, 2008|title=Doraemon named 'anime ambassador'|url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/news/431177|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318231731/http://www.japantoday.com/jp/news/431177|archive-date=March 18, 2008|access-date=May 27, 2021|website=[[Japan Today]]}}</ref> On September 3, 2012, Doraemon was granted official residence in the city of [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa]], one hundred years before he was born.<ref>{{cite web|last=AFP|date=September 4, 2012|title=Doraemon becomes official resident of Kawasaki a century before his birth|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120904f1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108204752/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120904f1.html|archive-date=November 8, 2012|access-date=September 4, 2012|work=The Japan Times}}</ref> In the same year, [[Hong Kong]] celebrated the birthday of Doraemon 100 years early with a series of displays of the character.<ref>{{cite web|last=West|first=David|date=August 13, 2012|title=Hong Kong Celebrates Doraemon's 100th Birthday (Early!)|url=http://www.neomag.co.uk/art/anime-manga/news/973/hong-kong-celebrates-doraemons-100th-birthday-early|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111758/http://www.neomag.co.uk/art/anime-manga/news/973/hong-kong-celebrates-doraemons-100th-birthday-early|archive-date=July 16, 2018|access-date=July 18, 2016|work=[[Neo (magazine)|Neo]]}}</ref> In April 2013, Doraemon was chosen as Japan's ambassador in [[Tokyo]]'s bid to host the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] and [[2020 Summer Paralympics]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chavez|first=Amy|date=2013-04-20|title=Doraemon trumps Hello Kitty for Olympic Games ambassador|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2013/04/20/our-lives/doraemon-trumps-hello-kitty-for-olympic-games-ambassador/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422065630/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2013/04/20/our-lives/doraemon-trumps-hello-kitty-for-olympic-games-ambassador/|archive-date=2013-04-22|access-date=2021-01-21|website=The Japan Times}}</ref> He appeared in the [[2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony]] to promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite news|last=Palazzo|first=Chiara|date=August 22, 2016|title=Shinzo Abe emerges from a green pipe disguised as Super Mario during Rio Closing Ceremony|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/08/22/shinzo-abe-emerges-from-a-green-pipe-disguised-as-super-mario-du/|url-status=live|access-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822025340/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/08/22/shinzo-abe-emerges-from-a-green-pipe-disguised-as-super-mario-du/|archive-date=August 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Samuelson|first=Kate|date=August 22, 2016|title=Shinzo Abe Dresses as Super Mario for Rio Closing Ceremony|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=https://time.com/4460923/super-mario-japan-prime-minister-shinzo-abe/|url-status=live|access-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822100538/http://time.com/4460923/super-mario-japan-prime-minister-shinzo-abe/|archive-date=August 22, 2016}}</ref>

A Fujiko F. Fujio museum opened in [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] on September 3, 2011, featuring Doraemon as the star of the museum.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 29, 2011|title=Anime star Doraemon to have own museum|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/anime-star-doraemon-to-have-own-museum-2345688.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925014515/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/anime-star-doraemon-to-have-own-museum-2345688.html|archive-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 4, 2011|title=Doraemon museum opens its doors|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/09/04/national/doraemon-museum-opens-its-doors/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120025657/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/09/04/national/doraemon-museum-opens-its-doors/|archive-date=November 20, 2018|access-date=April 17, 2016|website=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> The [[National Museum of Singapore]] held a time-travelling exhibition in October 2020 as a tribute to the manga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sor Fern|first=Ong|date=2020-10-27|title=Doraemon invades National Museum of Singapore for an Instagram fest|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/life/arts/doraemon-invades-national-museum-of-singapore-for-an-instagram-fest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027151651/https://www.straitstimes.com/life/arts/doraemon-invades-national-museum-of-singapore-for-an-instagram-fest|archive-date=2020-10-27|access-date=2021-05-27|website=The Straits Times}}</ref> After the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]], Shogakukan released an earthquake survival guidebook, which included the main cast of the ''Doraemon'' manga series.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=June 22, 2011|title=Shogakukan Publishes Doraemon Earthquake Survival Guide|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-06-22/shogakukan-publishes-doraemon-earthquake-survival-guide|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160023/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-06-22/shogakukan-publishes-doraemon-earthquake-survival-guide|archive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=January 5, 2014|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> [[TV Asahi]] launched the ''Doraemon Fund'' charity fund to raise money for natural disasters in 2004,<ref>{{cite web|title=Doraemon Fund|url=http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemonbokin/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040111135443/http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemonbokin/|archive-date=January 11, 2004|access-date=May 27, 2021|publisher=[[TV Asahi]]}}</ref> and in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doraemon Charity Fund for the Japan Tohoku-Kanto Earthquake|url=http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemonbokin/english.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403050301/http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemonbokin/english.html|archive-date=2011-04-03|access-date=2021-05-28|publisher=TV Asahi}}</ref> In 2020, Mumbai's Sion Friends Circle group distributed food and books to kids using mascots, one being Doraemon, to help during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jamal|first=Alfea|date=2020-06-29|title=Mickey Mouse, Doraemon distribute books, food to children of Mumbai's slum areas|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/mickey-mouse-doraemon-distribute-books-food-to-children-of-mumbai-s-slum-areas/story-4O73qZNAQMy7IONpSjdOEK.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630044345/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/mickey-mouse-doraemon-distribute-books-food-to-children-of-mumbai-s-slum-areas/story-4O73qZNAQMy7IONpSjdOEK.html|archive-date=2020-06-30|access-date=2021-01-27|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In Vietnam, a Doraemon scholarship fund was established in 1996,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoàng Nguyên|date=2010-05-20|title=Mèo máy Doremon tái xuất và&nbsp;... đổi tên|trans-title=Doraemon the robot cat reappeared and&nbsp;... renamed|url=https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa/meo-may-doremon-tai-xuat-va-doi-ten-n20100520093311858.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013131333/https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa/meo-may-doremon-tai-xuat-va-doi-ten-n20100520093311858.htm|archive-date=2019-10-13|access-date=2021-05-28|website=Thể thao & Văn hóa|language=vi}}</ref> and the Doraemon character has been used for education of traffic safety.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoàng Sơn|date=2020-01-09|title=Phát động cuộc thi Doraemon với An toàn giao thông năm 2019-2020|trans-title=Doraemon and Traffic Safety 2019-2020 contest launched|url=http://cand.com.vn/Hoat-dong-LL-CAND/Phat-dong-cuoc-thi-Doraemon-voi-An-toan-giao-thong-nam-2019-2020-577408/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123034223/http://cand.com.vn/Hoat-dong-LL-CAND/Phat-dong-cuoc-thi-Doraemon-voi-An-toan-giao-thong-nam-2019-2020-577408/|archive-date=2020-11-23|access-date=2021-05-28|website=Công an nhân dân|language=vi}}</ref> ''Doraemon''<nowiki/>'s creator, Fujiko F. Fujio, received the Culture Fighter Medal from the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Vietnamese Ministry of Culture]] in 1996 for his contributions to young education through the manga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gia Hạ|date=2016-10-21|title=Fujiko F. Fujio: Người họa sĩ đến từ tương lai|trans-title=Fujiko F. Fujio: The artist from the future|url=https://znews.vn/fujiko-f-fujio-nguoi-hoa-si-den-tu-tuong-lai-post691284.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021120054/https://news.zing.vn/fujiko-f-fujio-nguoi-hoa-si-den-tu-tuong-lai-post691284.html|archive-date=2016-10-21|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Zing|language=vi}}</ref>

Many prominent figures have been nicknamed after the cast of ''Doraemon'': politician [[Osamu Fujimura]] is known as the "Doraemon of Nagatacho" due to his figure and warm personality,<ref>{{cite web|date=September 2, 2011|title=Noda chooses 'Doraemon' as chief Cabinet secretary|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201109028760|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053956/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201109028760|archive-date=March 4, 2016|access-date=January 29, 2015|website=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|publisher=}}</ref> and sumo wrestler [[Takamisugi]] was nicknamed "Doraemon" because of his resemblance to the character.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharnoff|first=Lora|title=Grand Sumo|publisher=Weatherhill|year=1993|isbn=0-8348-0283-X|pages=216}}</ref> In 2015, a group of people in a drought-affected village in northern Thailand used a Doraemon toy to complete a rain-ritual, in order to avoid controversies that would occur by using real animals.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-29|title=Thailand: Japan's Doraemon cartoon cat in rain ritual|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-33310577|access-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630083644/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-33310577|archive-date=2015-06-30}}</ref>

A [[parody]] of ''Doraemon'' created by Hikari Fujisaki, titled ''Nozoemon'' {{Nihongo|2=のぞえもん}}, was first serialized in [[Nihon Bungeisha]]'s ''Comic Heaven'' magazine in September 2014, with the compiled book volume released on June 9, 2015; however, it was discontinued in August 2015 due to content issues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=2015-08-12|title=Risqué Doraemon Parody Manga Nozoemon Abruptly Halted|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-08-12/risque-doraemon-parody-manga-nozoemon-abruptly-halted/.91580|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812134354/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-08-12/risque-doraemon-parody-manga-nozoemon-abruptly-halted/.91580|archive-date=2015-08-12|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book|last=Kenji|first=Andō|title=封印作品の憂鬱|publisher=Yōsensha|year=2008|isbn=978-4-86248-338-6|location=Tokyo|language=ja|trans-title=Melancholy among the Sealed Stories}}
*{{Cite book|last=Pelliteri|first=Marco|title=Il drago e la saetta: modelli, strategie e identità dell'immaginario giapponese|publisher=Tunué|year=2008|isbn=978-88-89613-35-1|location=Latina|language=it|trans-title=The Dragon and the Lightning Bolt: Models, Strategies and Identity of the Japanese Imaginary}}
*{{Cite book|last=Peters|first=Jefferson M.|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsenoughtime0000unse|title=Worlds Enough and Time: Explorations of Time in Science Fiction and Fantasy|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2002|isbn=0-313-31706-2|editor-last=Westfahl|editor-first=Gary|pages=103–111|chapter=9. The Desire to Control Time in ''Doraemon'' and Japanese Culture|editor-last2=Slusser|editor-first2=George|editor-last3=Leiby|editor-first3=David|url-access=registration}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schilling|first=Mark|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofja00schi|title=The Encyclopedia of Japanese Pop Culture|publisher=Weatherhill|year=2004|isbn=0-8348-0380-1|author-link=Mark Schilling|url-access=registration}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schodt|first=Frederik L.|url=https://archive.org/details/dreamlandjapanwr00scho|title=Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|year=1999|isbn=1-880656-23-X|author-link=Frederik L. Schodt|url-access=registration}}
*{{Cite book|last=Shiraishi|first=Saya S.|url=https://archive.org/details/networkpowerjapa0000unse/|title=Network Power: Japan and Asia|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1997|isbn=0-8014-3314-2|editor-last=Shiraishi|editor-first=Takashi|chapter=7. Japan's Soft Power: Doraemon Goes Overseas|editor-last2=Katzenstein|editor-first2=Peter J.|url-access=registration|pages=234–272}}
* {{Cite book|last=Shiraishi|first=Saya S.|url=https://archive.org/details/japanpopinsidew00crai|title=Japan Pop! Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|year=2000|isbn=0-7656-0560-0|editor-last=Craig|editor-first=Timothy J.|pages=287–308|chapter=16. Doraemon Goes Abroad|url-access=registration}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/doraemon/ ''Doraemon'' official TV Asahi website] {{in lang|ja}} 
*[http://www.doraemon.com/ ''Doraemon'' official US website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129122837/http://www.doraemon.com/|date=2014-11-29}}
*[https://dora-world.com/ ''Doraemon Channel'' official website] {{in lang|ja}} 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120503202652/http://www.shin-ei-animation.jp/doraemon/ ''Doraemon'' official Shin-Ei Animation website] {{in lang|ja}}
*{{Anime News Network|manga|1335}}

{{Portal bar|Japan|Science fiction|Anime and manga|1960s|1980s|1990s}}
{{Doraemon}}
{{Fujiko Fujio}}
{{Shogakukan Manga Award - Children}}
{{Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Doraemon| ]]
[[Category:1969 manga]]
[[Category:Comedy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Comics about time travel]]
[[Category:CoroCoro Comic]]
[[Category:Fictional artificial intelligences]]
[[Category:Fujiko F Fujio]]
[[Category:Manga adapted into films]]
[[Category:Science fiction anime and manga]]
[[Category:Shogakukan franchises]]
[[Category:Shogakukan manga]]
[[Category:Winners of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize (Grand Prize)]]
[[Category:Winners of the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga]]